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    <text bytes="418" xml:space="preserve">= Peacekeeping Wiki =

casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as WikiPedia. This is not an official United Nations website, but has been built as a resource for those working in or with peacekeeping missions on the nuts and bolts of peacekeeping operations and the Secretariat.</text>
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    <text bytes="395" xml:space="preserve">casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as WikiPedia. This is not an official United Nations website, but has been built as a resource for those working in or with peacekeeping missions on the nuts and bolts of peacekeeping operations and the Secretariat.</text>
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    <text bytes="504" xml:space="preserve">casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as WikiPedia. This is not an official United Nations website, but has been built as a resource for those working in or with peacekeeping missions on the nuts and bolts of peacekeeping operations and the Secretariat.

To navigate the wiki, either search for a topic or browse the [[Special:AllPages|'''table of contents''']].</text>
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    <text bytes="504" xml:space="preserve">casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. This is not an official United Nations website, but has been built as a resource for those working in or with peacekeeping missions on the nuts and bolts of peacekeeping operations and the Secretariat.

To navigate the wiki, either search for a topic or browse the [[Special:AllPages|'''table of contents''']].</text>
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    <text bytes="659" xml:space="preserve">casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. This is not an official United Nations website, but has been built as a resource for those working in or with peacekeeping missions on the nuts and bolts of peacekeeping operations and the Secretariat.

To navigate the wiki, either search for a topic or browse the [[Special:AllPages|'''table of contents''']].

=== Featured pages (Fall 2018) ===
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Scale of assessments]] and [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[United Nations reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
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    <text bytes="2440" xml:space="preserve">= Contingent-owned equipment =

'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]. The latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Contingent-owned equipment working group ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| 49/233
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| A/48/945 and Corr. 1
| A/49/664 and Add.1
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| A/C.5/49/66
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 50/222
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| A/C.5/49/70
| A/50/807
| A/50/887
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| 54/19A
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 54/19B
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 55/274
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 59/298
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 62/252
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 65/292
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 68/282
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 71/296
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. 

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution 59/298, the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of A/59/708, “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2017 COE Manual: A/72/288
* 2014 COE Manual: A/C.5/69/18
* 2011 COE Manual: A/C.5/66/8
* 2008 COE Manual: A/C.5/63/18
* 2005 COE Manual: A/C.5/60/26
* 2002 COE Manual
* 1996 COE Manual</text>
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    <text bytes="4545" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]. The latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Contingent-owned equipment working group ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [http://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. 

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2017 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)</text>
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    <comment>Added reference to MOU</comment>
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    <text bytes="4843" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the troop- or police-contributing country and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Contingent-owned equipment working group ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [http://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. 

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2017 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)</text>
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    <comment>Redirected page to [[Contingent-owned equipment]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="40" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Contingent-owned equipment]]</text>
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  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Death and disability compensation</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>4</id>
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    <comment>Created page with "The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:  &lt;blockq..."</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1200" xml:space="preserve">The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution 51/218E of 17 June 1997, section II, set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution 52/177 of 18 December 1997 (Death and disability benefits) approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution 64/269 of 24 June 2010 increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
* A/63/550: Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits (SG)
* A/62/804 and Corr. 1:	Status of cases for death and disability (SG)</text>
    <sha1>ae7410d0e896232ec0e9d3f75726b529814bebb7</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Fifth Committee</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>5</id>
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    <comment>Created page with "The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat...."</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12133" xml:space="preserve">The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat. As one of the six Main Committees, all UN Member States (193, as of this writing), are represented in the Committee, though as a matter of practice most Member States are not active, choosing instead to be represented through blocs such as the Group of 77 and China (G77), which consists of over 130 developing countries. The Committee ostensibly takes decisions by consensus.

== Blocs ==

=== Group of 77 and China ===

Developing countries coordinate in the G77 format in intergovernmental bodies responsible for economic and financial issues (such as the Fifth Committee) and in the NAM format on bodies responsible for peace and security issues. The primary difference in membership is that many large Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, are members of the G77 but not the NAM. 

The G77 adopts a common position on nearly all Fifth Committee issues, with two notable exceptions: peacekeeping mission budgets and issues pertaining to the permanent members of the Security Council. On peacekeeping mission budgets, the African Group negotiates as a bloc, while other G77 members negotiate in their national capacity. 

Leadership of the G77 rotates on an annual basis, and the Chair is responsible for coordinating G77 positions as well as delivering common statements of position on behalf of the Group. 

=== Major Financial Contributors ===
Major financial contributors refer to themselves as the "like-minded group" and are referred to as "the partners" by the G77 and China. 

==== European Union ====
The Member States of the European Union generally adopt a common position on Fifth Committee matters. Since the adoption of resolution 65/276 on the participation of the European Union in the work of the United Nations in May 2011, the positions of EU Member States are jointly coordinated by (and its negotiation “burden-sharing” teams are jointly led by) the EU Delegation and the delegation holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 

==== CANZ ====
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand generally adopt a common position and negotiate in a bloc referred to as CANZ.  

==== JUSCANZ ====
The informal JUSCANZ alignment of Japan, the United States, CANZ, and Israel  is sometimes used in the Fifth Committee for coordination purposes.

=== Other delegations active in the Fifth Committee ===
* Norway 
* Switzerland
* Russia 
* Mexico

== Process ==
Below is an explanation of the Fifth Committee negotiation process.
 
=== Website ===

The Fifth Committee website is available at [http://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/ www.un.org/en/ga/fifth] and includes invaluable information, including contact information for the Bureau and Secretariat, the program of work (i.e. schedule of meetings), the text of statements delivered in Committee, and resolutions. 

=== Bureau === 
The Bureau of the Fifth Committee consists of the Chair, three Vice-Chairs, and one Rapporteur elected by the Committee; each of the five regional groups has one representative on the Bureau. The Bureau is responsible for setting the program of work  for the Committee and deciding on issues of process. By convention, the five permanent members of the Security Council never seek election to the office of PGA or to the Chair or Vice-Chair of any of the six Main Committees of the General Assembly.	

=== Secretariat ===
The Secretariat of the Fifth Committee, technically part of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Management, consists of UN staff members responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the Committee. They are led by the Secretary of the Committee (who also serves as the Secretary of the Committee on Program and Coordination), who supports the Chair of the Committee and who attends Bureau meetings, and include a Deputy Secretary and a number of officers who provide administrative support for negotiations on each of the individual agenda items assigned to the Committee, including activities such as managing the list of speakers, compiling draft resolutions, and serving as an impartial resource on the rules of procedure and working methods of the Committee.

=== Coordinators === 
Coordinators are Fifth Committee delegates who are responsible for facilitating the negotiations on individual agenda items. In selecting coordinators, the Bureau generally tries to ensure that coordinators for the key issues in each session are balanced between the G77 and like-minded delegations.  

It is extremely rare, but not unprecedented, for permanent members of the Security Council to serve as coordinators. 

=== Organization of Work ===
The Fifth Committee meets three times a year. The Main Part of its session runs from October through December, the First Part of its Resumed Session runs the month of March, and the Second Part of its Resumed Session runs from May to June. Issues pertaining to the biennial program budget (i.e. the “regular budget”), which runs from 1 January of the first year through 31 December of the second, and general management policy issues are generally handled during the main session. Non time-bound management policy issues (and overflow from the main session) are generally tackled during the first resumed session. Issues related to the financing of peacekeeping operations are handled during the second resumed session, as the peacekeeping financial period runs from 1 July to 30 June; this is an annual budget, unlike the regular budget. 

The first meeting of any session begins with a formal meeting on the Organization of Work to approve the agenda and provisional program of work. Groups and delegations generally also use this meeting to deliver statements complaining about the late issuance of documents or to identify their priorities for the session. 

==== Report of the Secretary-General ====
Most issues on the program of work are framed by a report of the Secretary-General for that agenda item, which can either be informational or contain proposals for General Assembly approval. For some issues, a report of an independent body (such as the Committee on Contributions, the Board of Auditors, or the International Civil Service Commission) may replace or supplement that of the Secretary-General. 

==== Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions  ====
For most agenda items, the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ) is responsible for providing advice to the Fifth Committee. The ACABQ is a body of sixteen elected members serving in their individual capacities for renewable three-year terms, with seats allocated by regional group. At least three of the sixteen are supposed to be “financial experts of recognized standing”, though in practice this requirement is not observed in the election process for ACABQ members. 

Conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are denoted in bold in reports of the ACABQ. it is understood that the General Assembly accepts these conclusions and recommendations if it endorses them in a resolution. If the General Assembly issues a blanket endorsement "subject to the provisions of the present resolution" and subsequently "takes note" of or otherwise contradicts a specific conclusion or recommendation later in the resolution, it is understood that the conclusion or recommendation is '''not''' approved. 

=== Negotiation process ===
Because the Fifth Committee takes decisions by consensus, resolutions are generally not sponsored by individual delegations but are submitted on behalf of the Committee by the Chair. The process of negotiating resolutions is outlined below.

==== Formal introduction of an agenda item ====
Discussion of an agenda item in the Fifth Committee begins with a formal meeting chaired by a member of the Bureau in which a senior UN official—usually from the Department of Management—presents the report of the Secretary-General by providing a brief summary of the report. This is then followed by a presentation of the related report of the ACABQ by either the Chair or Vice-Chair of the ACABQ. Groups and delegations then have an opportunity to make statements for the record on the agenda item. 

Member States speaking on behalf of groups (e.g. the G77, its constituent regional groups, or CANZ) always speak first, followed by the EU Delegation on behalf of the EU Member States, and then individual delegations in the order they appear on the list of speakers. 

Formal meetings of all Main Committees are open and webcast on [http://webtv.un.org WebTV]. 

==== Q&amp;A ====
Following formal introduction of an agenda item, the Committee then meets in informal consultations chaired by the coordinator of the agenda item. The first stage of informal consultations are the Q&amp;A, in which members of the Committee have the opportunity to ask questions of representatives of the Secretariat about the issue at hand. Responses can be requested in writing.
	 
==== Skeleton and language submission ====
Once Q&amp;A has been exhausted, the coordinator will circulate what is generally referred to as the “skeleton” or “rev. 0” of the draft resolution, which contains the standard paragraphs required to take a decision on the basis of the ACABQ recommendation (the default course of action). The coordinator will also set a language submission deadline. Delegations have until the deadline to submit additional paragraphs for the draft resolution, after which all of submissions are compiled into the “rev. 1” text. During the first informal consultation following the language submission deadline, each delegation is given an opportunity to present their language submission; this can be as detailed or cursory as the presenting delegate wishes. 	

==== First reading ====
Once all language proposals have been submitted and introduced, the Committee undertakes a first reading of the rev. 1 text, going paragraph by paragraph. This is an opportunity for delegations to ask factual or grammatical questions about the language proposals either to the proponent of the language or to the Secretariat. 

==== Second reading ====
Once the first reading is completed, the Committee then starts again from the top with the second reading. For each paragraph, the coordinator will ask whether the paragraph can be adopted ad referendum. Although it is technically true that all agreements are provisional and that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, it is generally considered a sign of bad faith to re-open a paragraph after it has been adopted ad ref. Any delegations with objections to a paragraph can request that it be “bracketed”, and any delegation can withdraw or amend any paragraph they proposed. At the end of the second reading, delegates generally try to work offline in order to craft amendments or compromise proposals in order to overcome objections. The process then iterates through a third reading (and more, if necessary) until all remaining paragraphs have been agreed. 

==== Chair’s text ====
If the Committee is stuck, the coordinator and/or Chair may submit a compromise proposal as a final attempt to bridge the gap. 
 
==== Adoption ====
Once a draft resolution as a whole has been agreed to in informal consultations (i.e. adopted informally), the Chair then formally submits it to the Secretariat on behalf of the Committee. The Secretariat then issues it as an L-document for action by the Committee during a formal session. After the Committee approves the draft resolution, the text is included verbatim in a Report of the Fifth Committee to the General Assembly for adoption by a plenary session of the General Assembly, after which it is assigned a resolution number. 

==== No consensus ====
If the Committee is unable to reach consensus on an issue, it often defers consideration to a subsequent session. In exceptional circumstances, delegations have tabled draft resolutions as L-documents (or threatened to do so) to force a decision on a deadlocked issue.</text>
    <sha1>279894d76f3c6ae68a72106cac2c2aa9b5091d3e</sha1>
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    <comment>Added reference to 41/213</comment>
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    <text bytes="12180" xml:space="preserve">The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat. As one of the six Main Committees, all UN Member States (193, as of this writing), are represented in the Committee, though as a matter of practice most Member States are represented through blocs such as the Group of 77 and China (G77), which consists of over 130 developing countries. Since the adoption of [http://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], the Committee has generally taken most decisions by consensus.

== Blocs ==

=== Group of 77 and China ===

Developing countries coordinate in the G77 format in intergovernmental bodies responsible for economic and financial issues (such as the Fifth Committee) and in the NAM format on bodies responsible for peace and security issues. The primary difference in membership is that many large Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, are members of the G77 but not the NAM. 

The G77 adopts a common position on nearly all Fifth Committee issues, with two notable exceptions: peacekeeping mission budgets and issues pertaining to the permanent members of the Security Council. On peacekeeping mission budgets, the African Group negotiates as a bloc, while other G77 members negotiate in their national capacity. 

Leadership of the G77 rotates on an annual basis, and the Chair is responsible for coordinating G77 positions as well as delivering common statements of position on behalf of the Group. 

=== Major Financial Contributors ===
Major financial contributors refer to themselves as the "like-minded group" and are referred to as "the partners" by the G77 and China. 

==== European Union ====
The Member States of the European Union generally adopt a common position on Fifth Committee matters. Since the adoption of resolution 65/276 on the participation of the European Union in the work of the United Nations in May 2011, the positions of EU Member States are jointly coordinated by (and its negotiation “burden-sharing” teams are jointly led by) the EU Delegation and the delegation holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 

==== CANZ ====
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand generally adopt a common position and negotiate in a bloc referred to as CANZ.  

==== JUSCANZ ====
The informal JUSCANZ alignment of Japan, the United States, CANZ, and Israel  is sometimes used in the Fifth Committee for coordination purposes.

=== Other delegations active in the Fifth Committee ===
* Norway 
* Switzerland
* Russia 
* Mexico

== Process ==
Below is an explanation of the Fifth Committee negotiation process.
 
=== Website ===

The Fifth Committee website is available at [http://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/ www.un.org/en/ga/fifth] and includes invaluable information, including contact information for the Bureau and Secretariat, the program of work (i.e. schedule of meetings), the text of statements delivered in Committee, and resolutions. 

=== Bureau === 
The Bureau of the Fifth Committee consists of the Chair, three Vice-Chairs, and one Rapporteur elected by the Committee; each of the five regional groups has one representative on the Bureau. The Bureau is responsible for setting the program of work  for the Committee and deciding on issues of process. By convention, the five permanent members of the Security Council never seek election to the office of PGA or to the Chair or Vice-Chair of any of the six Main Committees of the General Assembly.	

=== Secretariat ===
The Secretariat of the Fifth Committee, technically part of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Management, consists of UN staff members responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the Committee. They are led by the Secretary of the Committee (who also serves as the Secretary of the Committee on Program and Coordination), who supports the Chair of the Committee and who attends Bureau meetings, and include a Deputy Secretary and a number of officers who provide administrative support for negotiations on each of the individual agenda items assigned to the Committee, including activities such as managing the list of speakers, compiling draft resolutions, and serving as an impartial resource on the rules of procedure and working methods of the Committee.

=== Coordinators === 
Coordinators are Fifth Committee delegates who are responsible for facilitating the negotiations on individual agenda items. In selecting coordinators, the Bureau generally tries to ensure that coordinators for the key issues in each session are balanced between the G77 and like-minded delegations.  

It is extremely rare, but not unprecedented, for permanent members of the Security Council to serve as coordinators. 

=== Organization of Work ===
The Fifth Committee meets three times a year. The Main Part of its session runs from October through December, the First Part of its Resumed Session runs the month of March, and the Second Part of its Resumed Session runs from May to June. Issues pertaining to the biennial program budget (i.e. the “regular budget”), which runs from 1 January of the first year through 31 December of the second, and general management policy issues are generally handled during the main session. Non time-bound management policy issues (and overflow from the main session) are generally tackled during the first resumed session. Issues related to the financing of peacekeeping operations are handled during the second resumed session, as the peacekeeping financial period runs from 1 July to 30 June; this is an annual budget, unlike the regular budget. 

The first meeting of any session begins with a formal meeting on the Organization of Work to approve the agenda and provisional program of work. Groups and delegations generally also use this meeting to deliver statements complaining about the late issuance of documents or to identify their priorities for the session. 

==== Report of the Secretary-General ====
Most issues on the program of work are framed by a report of the Secretary-General for that agenda item, which can either be informational or contain proposals for General Assembly approval. For some issues, a report of an independent body (such as the Committee on Contributions, the Board of Auditors, or the International Civil Service Commission) may replace or supplement that of the Secretary-General. 

==== Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions  ====
For most agenda items, the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ) is responsible for providing advice to the Fifth Committee. The ACABQ is a body of sixteen elected members serving in their individual capacities for renewable three-year terms, with seats allocated by regional group. At least three of the sixteen are supposed to be “financial experts of recognized standing”, though in practice this requirement is not observed in the election process for ACABQ members. 

Conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are denoted in bold in reports of the ACABQ. it is understood that the General Assembly accepts these conclusions and recommendations if it endorses them in a resolution. If the General Assembly issues a blanket endorsement "subject to the provisions of the present resolution" and subsequently "takes note" of or otherwise contradicts a specific conclusion or recommendation later in the resolution, it is understood that the conclusion or recommendation is '''not''' approved. 

=== Negotiation process ===
Because the Fifth Committee takes decisions by consensus, resolutions are generally not sponsored by individual delegations but are submitted on behalf of the Committee by the Chair. The process of negotiating resolutions is outlined below.

==== Formal introduction of an agenda item ====
Discussion of an agenda item in the Fifth Committee begins with a formal meeting chaired by a member of the Bureau in which a senior UN official—usually from the Department of Management—presents the report of the Secretary-General by providing a brief summary of the report. This is then followed by a presentation of the related report of the ACABQ by either the Chair or Vice-Chair of the ACABQ. Groups and delegations then have an opportunity to make statements for the record on the agenda item. 

Member States speaking on behalf of groups (e.g. the G77, its constituent regional groups, or CANZ) always speak first, followed by the EU Delegation on behalf of the EU Member States, and then individual delegations in the order they appear on the list of speakers. 

Formal meetings of all Main Committees are open and webcast on [http://webtv.un.org WebTV]. 

==== Q&amp;A ====
Following formal introduction of an agenda item, the Committee then meets in informal consultations chaired by the coordinator of the agenda item. The first stage of informal consultations are the Q&amp;A, in which members of the Committee have the opportunity to ask questions of representatives of the Secretariat about the issue at hand. Responses can be requested in writing.
	 
==== Skeleton and language submission ====
Once Q&amp;A has been exhausted, the coordinator will circulate what is generally referred to as the “skeleton” or “rev. 0” of the draft resolution, which contains the standard paragraphs required to take a decision on the basis of the ACABQ recommendation (the default course of action). The coordinator will also set a language submission deadline. Delegations have until the deadline to submit additional paragraphs for the draft resolution, after which all of submissions are compiled into the “rev. 1” text. During the first informal consultation following the language submission deadline, each delegation is given an opportunity to present their language submission; this can be as detailed or cursory as the presenting delegate wishes. 	

==== First reading ====
Once all language proposals have been submitted and introduced, the Committee undertakes a first reading of the rev. 1 text, going paragraph by paragraph. This is an opportunity for delegations to ask factual or grammatical questions about the language proposals either to the proponent of the language or to the Secretariat. 

==== Second reading ====
Once the first reading is completed, the Committee then starts again from the top with the second reading. For each paragraph, the coordinator will ask whether the paragraph can be adopted ad referendum. Although it is technically true that all agreements are provisional and that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, it is generally considered a sign of bad faith to re-open a paragraph after it has been adopted ad ref. Any delegations with objections to a paragraph can request that it be “bracketed”, and any delegation can withdraw or amend any paragraph they proposed. At the end of the second reading, delegates generally try to work offline in order to craft amendments or compromise proposals in order to overcome objections. The process then iterates through a third reading (and more, if necessary) until all remaining paragraphs have been agreed. 

==== Chair’s text ====
If the Committee is stuck, the coordinator and/or Chair may submit a compromise proposal as a final attempt to bridge the gap. 
 
==== Adoption ====
Once a draft resolution as a whole has been agreed to in informal consultations (i.e. adopted informally), the Chair then formally submits it to the Secretariat on behalf of the Committee. The Secretariat then issues it as an L-document for action by the Committee during a formal session. After the Committee approves the draft resolution, the text is included verbatim in a Report of the Fifth Committee to the General Assembly for adoption by a plenary session of the General Assembly, after which it is assigned a resolution number. 

==== No consensus ====
If the Committee is unable to reach consensus on an issue, it often defers consideration to a subsequent session. In exceptional circumstances, delegations have tabled draft resolutions as L-documents (or threatened to do so) to force a decision on a deadlocked issue.</text>
    <sha1>450f9a41df3806da5b2ef97d768eae2b4de7cf5f</sha1>
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    <comment>Added references to bodies that submit reports to the Fifth Committee</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11316" xml:space="preserve">The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat. As one of the six Main Committees, all UN Member States (193, as of this writing), are represented in the Committee, though as a matter of practice most Member States are represented through blocs such as the Group of 77 and China (G77), which consists of over 130 developing countries. Since the adoption of [http://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], the Committee has generally taken most decisions by consensus.

== Blocs ==

=== Group of 77 and China ===

Developing countries coordinate in the G77 format in intergovernmental bodies responsible for economic and financial issues (such as the Fifth Committee) and in the NAM format on bodies responsible for peace and security issues. The primary difference in membership is that many large Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, are members of the G77 but not the NAM. 

The G77 adopts a common position on nearly all Fifth Committee issues, with two notable exceptions: peacekeeping mission budgets and issues pertaining to the permanent members of the Security Council. On peacekeeping mission budgets, the African Group negotiates as a bloc, while other G77 members negotiate in their national capacity. 

Leadership of the G77 rotates on an annual basis, and the Chair is responsible for coordinating G77 positions as well as delivering common statements of position on behalf of the Group. 

=== Major Financial Contributors ===
Major financial contributors refer to themselves as the "like-minded group" and are referred to as "the partners" by the G77 and China. 

==== European Union ====
The Member States of the European Union generally adopt a common position on Fifth Committee matters. Since the adoption of resolution 65/276 on the participation of the European Union in the work of the United Nations in May 2011, the positions of EU Member States are jointly coordinated by (and its negotiation “burden-sharing” teams are jointly led by) the EU Delegation and the delegation holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 

==== CANZ ====
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand generally adopt a common position and negotiate in a bloc referred to as CANZ.  

==== JUSCANZ ====
The informal JUSCANZ alignment of Japan, the United States, CANZ, and Israel  is sometimes used in the Fifth Committee for coordination purposes.

=== Other delegations active in the Fifth Committee ===
* Norway 
* Switzerland
* Russia 
* Mexico

== Process ==
Below is an explanation of the Fifth Committee negotiation process.
 
=== Website ===

The Fifth Committee website is available at [http://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/ www.un.org/en/ga/fifth] and includes invaluable information, including contact information for the Bureau and Secretariat, the program of work (i.e. schedule of meetings), the text of statements delivered in Committee, and resolutions. 

=== Bureau === 
The Bureau of the Fifth Committee consists of the Chair, three Vice-Chairs, and one Rapporteur elected by the Committee; each of the five regional groups has one representative on the Bureau. The Bureau is responsible for setting the program of work  for the Committee and deciding on issues of process. By convention, the five permanent members of the Security Council never seek election to the office of PGA or to the Chair or Vice-Chair of any of the six Main Committees of the General Assembly.	

=== Secretariat ===
The Secretariat of the Fifth Committee, technically part of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Management, consists of UN staff members responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the Committee. They are led by the Secretary of the Committee (who also serves as the Secretary of the Committee on Program and Coordination), who supports the Chair of the Committee and who attends Bureau meetings, and include a Deputy Secretary and a number of officers who provide administrative support for negotiations on each of the individual agenda items assigned to the Committee, including activities such as managing the list of speakers, compiling draft resolutions, and serving as an impartial resource on the rules of procedure and working methods of the Committee.

=== Coordinators === 
Coordinators are Fifth Committee delegates who are responsible for facilitating the negotiations on individual agenda items. In selecting coordinators, the Bureau generally tries to ensure that coordinators for the key issues in each session are balanced between the G77 and like-minded delegations.  

It is extremely rare, but not unprecedented, for permanent members of the Security Council to serve as coordinators. 

=== Organization of Work ===
The Fifth Committee meets three times a year. The main part of its session runs from October through December, the first part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in March, and the second part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in May (though the Committee generally does not complete its work until June). Issues pertaining to the biennial [[programme budget]] (i.e. the “regular budget”), which runs from 1 January of the first year through 31 December of the second, and general management policy issues are generally handled during the main session. Non time-bound management policy issues (and overflow from the main session) are generally tackled during the first resumed session. Issues related to the [[peacekeeping financing|financing of peacekeeping operations]] are handled during the second resumed session, as the peacekeeping financial period runs from 1 July to 30 June. 

The first meeting of any session begins with a formal meeting on the Organization of Work to approve the agenda and provisional program of work. Groups and delegations generally also use this meeting to deliver statements complaining about the late issuance of documents or to identify their priorities for the session. 

=== Negotiation process ===
Negotiations on each draft resolution is based on one or more reports submitted by the Secretary-General and/or a body such as the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the [[Board of Auditors]], the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], the [[International Civil Service Commission]], the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]], the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] or the [[programme budget|Committee on Programme and Coordination]]. The specific practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on these reports is outlined in a [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|separate article]].

Because the Fifth Committee takes decisions by consensus, draft resolutions are generally not sponsored by individual delegations but are submitted on behalf of the Committee by the Chair. The process of negotiating resolutions is outlined below.

; Formal introduction of an agenda item
: Discussion of an agenda item in the Fifth Committee begins with a formal meeting chaired by a member of the Bureau in which a senior UN official—usually from the Department of Management—presents the report of the Secretary-General by providing a brief summary of the report. This is then followed by a presentation of the related report of the ACABQ by either the Chair or Vice-Chair of the ACABQ. Groups and delegations then have an opportunity to make statements for the record on the agenda item. 
: Member States speaking on behalf of groups (e.g. the G77, its constituent regional groups, or CANZ) always speak first, followed by the EU Delegation on behalf of the EU Member States, and then individual delegations in the order they appear on the list of speakers. 
: Formal meetings of all Main Committees are open and webcast on [http://webtv.un.org WebTV]. 

; Q&amp;A
: Following formal introduction of an agenda item, the Committee then meets in informal consultations chaired by the coordinator of the agenda item. The first stage of informal consultations are the Q&amp;A, in which members of the Committee have the opportunity to ask questions of representatives of the Secretariat about the issue at hand. Responses can be requested in writing.
	 
; Skeleton and language submission 
: Once Q&amp;A has been exhausted, the coordinator will circulate what is generally referred to as the “skeleton” or “rev. 0” of the draft resolution, which contains the standard paragraphs required to take a decision on the basis of the ACABQ recommendation (the default course of action). The coordinator will also set a language submission deadline. Delegations have until the deadline to submit additional paragraphs for the draft resolution, after which all of submissions are compiled into the “rev. 1” text. During the first informal consultation following the language submission deadline, each delegation is given an opportunity to present their language submission; this can be as detailed or cursory as the presenting delegate wishes. 	

; First reading 
: Once all language proposals have been submitted and introduced, the Committee undertakes a first reading of the rev. 1 text, going paragraph by paragraph. This is an opportunity for delegations to ask factual or grammatical questions about the language proposals either to the proponent of the language or to the Secretariat. 

; Second reading
: Once the first reading is completed, the Committee then starts again from the top with the second reading. For each paragraph, the coordinator will ask whether the paragraph can be adopted ad referendum. Although it is technically true that all agreements are provisional and that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, it is generally considered a sign of bad faith to re-open a paragraph after it has been adopted ad ref. Any delegations with objections to a paragraph can request that it be “bracketed”, and any delegation can withdraw or amend any paragraph they proposed. At the end of the second reading, delegates generally try to work offline in order to craft amendments or compromise proposals in order to overcome objections. The process then iterates through a third reading (and more, if necessary) until all remaining paragraphs have been agreed. 

; Chair’s text 
: If the Committee is stuck, the coordinator and/or Chair may submit a compromise proposal as an attempt to bridge the gap. 
 
; Adoption
: Once a draft resolution as a whole has been agreed to in informal consultations (i.e. adopted informally), the Chair then formally submits it to the Secretariat on behalf of the Committee. The Secretariat then issues it as an L-document for action by the Committee during a formal session. After the Committee approves the draft resolution, the text is included verbatim in a Report of the Fifth Committee to the General Assembly for adoption by a plenary session of the General Assembly, after which it is assigned a resolution number. 

; No consensus
: If the Committee is unable to reach consensus on an issue, it often defers consideration to a subsequent session. In exceptional circumstances, delegations have tabled draft resolutions as L-documents (or threatened to do so) to force a decision on a deadlocked issue.</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Peacekeeping financing</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed sepa..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="11465" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" programme budget of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
Under [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233], the peacekeeping fiscal year spans 12 months from 1 July to 30 June the following calendar year. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget scale of assessments, each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the peacekeeping scale of assessments. Two other accounts—the support account and the UN Logistics Base (UNLB)—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the results-based budgeting framework (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a Security Council mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and Police Personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their equipment
* Civilian Personnel: costs associated with civilian staff, UN Volunteers, and government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel.
* Operational Requirements: all other costs, including consultants, mission support, and programmatic activities such as quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations, and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (D-1/2 Directors of Mission Support for large missions and P-5 Chiefs of Mission Support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.
The Security Council is responsible for determining the total authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as MSA for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. Negotiation over the budgeted vacancy rate—which is used to determine the authorized appropriation—is an art, not a science, and is generally based on actual vacancy rates provided by the Secretariat as well as a deployment plan provided by DPKO. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly is responsible for approving every staff and UNV post or position.  Mission staffing tables are generally accretative, and therefore do not necessarily properly reflect changes in mission mandates, the situation on the ground, or the stage in a mission’s life cycle; for example, missions generally require a larger ratio of support to substantive staff in the initial years following the establishment of a mission. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General has initiated periodic civilian staffing reviews to address this issue.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of local staff salaries and classifications have resulted in substantial increases in requirements for various missions over the years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that can be—and should be—questioned by the Fifth Committee. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, quick impact projects, etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The support account was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the UN Support Base in Valencia, Spain. Under the Global Field Support Strategy, the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement is being considered for the Regional Service Center in Entebbe (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. The RSC does not currently have its own budget and is comprised of staff from its client missions co-located at the MONUSCO logistics base in Entebbe, Uganda.

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the ACABQ for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Additional reports are issued based on the program of work, and have included reports on the Global Field Support Strategy (2009-2014), the work of the triennial Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment (most recently in 2014), and implementation of the recommendations of the Senior Advisory Group on troop reimbursement and related issues.

=== Appropriation and Assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping scale of assessments. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget, which is still referred to as the UNLB budget in financing resolutions. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority with assessment ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a budget and appropriation. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used when there is significant uncertainty about the actual requirements which either preclude the submission of a budget request by the Secretary-General or approval of a budget by the General Assembly. Commitment authorities sometimes are accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. In circumstances where no assessment is authorized at the time the commitment authority is provided, the Secretary-General generally submits a financing note after the fact detailing the actual requirements, which are then assessed. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the peacekeeping reserve fund in lieu of or to supplement assessment, depending on cash requirements.</text>
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    <text bytes="11265" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" programme budget of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
Under [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233], the peacekeeping fiscal year spans 12 months from 1 July to 30 June the following calendar year. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget scale of assessments, each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the peacekeeping scale of assessments. Two other accounts—the support account and the UN Logistics Base (UNLB)—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the results-based budgeting framework (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a Security Council mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and Police Personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their equipment
* Civilian Personnel: costs associated with civilian staff, UN Volunteers, and government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel.
* Operational Requirements: all other costs, including consultants, mission support, and programmatic activities such as quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations, and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (Directors of Mission Support for large missions and Chiefs of Mission Support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council is responsible for determining the total authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as MSA for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. Negotiation over the budgeted vacancy rate—which is used to determine the authorized appropriation—is an art, not a science, and is generally based on actual vacancy rates provided by the Secretariat as well as a deployment plan provided by DPKO. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly is responsible for approving every staff and UNV post or position.  Mission staffing tables are generally accretative, and therefore do not necessarily properly reflect changes in mission mandates, the situation on the ground, or the stage in a mission’s life cycle; for example, missions generally require a larger ratio of support to substantive staff in the initial years following the establishment of a mission. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General has initiated periodic civilian staffing reviews to address this issue.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of local staff salaries and classifications have resulted in substantial increases in requirements for various missions over the years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the Fifth Committee. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, quick impact projects, etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The support account was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the UN Support Base in Valencia, Spain. Under the Global Field Support Strategy, the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the Regional Service Center in Entebbe (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the ACABQ for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Additional reports are issued based on the program of work, and have included reports on the Global Field Support Strategy (2009-2014), the work of the triennial Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment (most recently in 2014), and implementation of the recommendations of the Senior Advisory Group on troop reimbursement and related issues.

=== Appropriation and Assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping scale of assessments. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget, which is still referred to as the UNLB budget in financing resolutions. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority with assessment ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a budget and appropriation. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used when there is significant uncertainty about the actual requirements which either preclude the submission of a budget request by the Secretary-General or approval of a budget by the General Assembly. Commitment authorities sometimes are accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. In circumstances where no assessment is authorized at the time the commitment authority is provided, the Secretary-General generally submits a financing note after the fact detailing the actual requirements, which are then assessed. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the peacekeeping reserve fund in lieu of or to supplement assessment, depending on cash requirements.</text>
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    <text bytes="9824" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" programme budget of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current peacekeeping fiscal period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget scale of assessments, each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the peacekeeping scale of assessments. Two other accounts—the support account and the UN Logistics Base (UNLB)—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the results-based budgeting framework (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a Security Council mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, programmatic activities and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as MSA for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the Fifth Committee. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, quick impact projects, etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the UN Support Base in Valencia, Spain. Under the Global Field Support Strategy, the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the Regional Service Center in Entebbe (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the ACABQ for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.</text>
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    <text bytes="9912" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget scale of assessments, each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the peacekeeping scale of assessments. Two other accounts—the support account and the [[UN Logistics Base]] (UNLB)—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, programmatic activities and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.</text>
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    <text bytes="9916" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the peacekeeping scale of assessments. Two other accounts—the support account and the [[UN Logistics Base]] (UNLB)—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, programmatic activities and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.</text>
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    <text bytes="9920" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Two other accounts—the support account and the [[UN Logistics Base]] (UNLB)—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, programmatic activities and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.</text>
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    <text bytes="10038" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Two other accounts—the support account and the [[UN Logistics Base]] (UNLB)—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, programmatic activities and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="6814" xml:space="preserve">The scales of assessments determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN regular programme buget. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations.

Regular budget scale of assessments
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

== Process ==
Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the General Assembly considers two resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first has to do with providing waivers to Member States falling afoul of Article 19 of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates, the outcome of the negotiations is a resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, the resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session. 

== Methodology ==
The current methodology determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries whose reported market exchange rates do not appear to comport with economic realities, the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars. Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
== Other proposals ==
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Assessment of non-Member States ==
Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed an amount equivalent to half of what their share would be if they were a Member State. This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== Recent reports and resolutions ==</text>
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    <text bytes="6820" xml:space="preserve">The scales of assessments determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN regular programme buget. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations.

Regular budget scale of assessments
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

== Process ==
Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the General Assembly considers two resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first has to do with providing waivers to Member States falling afoul of Article 19 of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates, the outcome of the negotiations is a resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, the resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session. 

== Methodology ==
The current methodology determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars. Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
== Other proposals ==
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Assessment of non-Member States ==
Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed an amount equivalent to half of what their share would be if they were a Member State. This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== Recent reports and resolutions ==</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="5018" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==</text>
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    <text bytes="6536" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Scale period
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Rates
|-
| 2001-2003
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/2360
| 23 December 2000
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1]
|-
| 2004-2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256]
| 23 December 2003 
| [http://undocs.org/a//58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1]
|-
| 2007-2009
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243]
| 22 December 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1]
|-
| 2010-2012
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249]
| 24 December 2009
| [http://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1]
|-
| 2013-2015
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239]
| 24 December 2012
| [http://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1]
|-
| 2016-2018
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246]
| 23 December 2015
| [http://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1]
|-
| 2019-2021
| n/a
| n/a
| [http://undocs.org/a/73/350 A/73/350] (effective rates)
|}</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secreta..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="1666" xml:space="preserve">In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team established in January 2017.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 72/199] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peacekeeping Operations on 1 January 2019.</text>
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    <comment>Undo revision 21 by [[Special:Contributions/Telegramwriter|Telegramwriter]] ([[User talk:Telegramwriter|talk]])</comment>
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    <text bytes="1666" xml:space="preserve">In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team established in January 2017.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 72/199] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peacekeeping Operations on 1 January 2019.</text>
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    <comment>Telegramwriter moved page [[Restructuring of the peace and security architecture]] to [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] without leaving a redirect</comment>
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    <text bytes="1666" xml:space="preserve">In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team established in January 2017.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 72/199] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peacekeeping Operations on 1 January 2019.</text>
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    <text bytes="2298" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 72/199] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peacekeeping Operations on 1 January 2019.

== See also ==
* [[Management reform]]
* [[Development system reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2294" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 72/199] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peacekeeping Operations on 1 January 2019.

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]</text>
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  <title>Management reform</title>
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    <text bytes="3684" xml:space="preserve">== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and delegation to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B 72/266B] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===

During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the comparative assessment of human resources structures ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B.</text>
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    <text bytes="3684" xml:space="preserve">== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and delegation to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B 72/266B] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===

During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the comparative assessment of human resources structures ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B.</text>
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    <text bytes="3980" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and delegation to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B 72/266B] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===

During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the comparative assessment of human resources structures ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B.

== See also ==

* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[Development system reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4168" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and delegation to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B 72/266B] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===

During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the comparative assessment of human resources structures ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) will be considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] during the main part of its session (OCt-Dec 2018). 

== See also ==

* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[Development system reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4164" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and delegation to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B 72/266B] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===

During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the comparative assessment of human resources structures ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) will be considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] during the main part of its session (OCt-Dec 2018). 

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Memorandum of understanding</title>
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    <text bytes="6524" xml:space="preserve">A '''memorandum of understanding''' (MOU) is an agreement between two parties. In the context of peacekeeping operations, the term generally refers to the agreement between a troop- or police-contributing country and the United Nations with regard to the personnel, major equipment and self-sustainment capability to be deployed as part of a single military or police contingent to a specific peacekeeping mission. 

== Model memorandum of understanding ==

MOUs are based on the model MOU agreed by the General Assembly; there are separate MOUs for military contingents and police contingents because of the different [[categories of personnel|legal status]] of troops and members of [[formed police units]]. The text of the model MOU is contained in the [[contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]].

== Key elements of the MOU ==
The MOU sets forth the responsibilities of the United Nations and the contributing country. In addition to addressing contributions of personnel and equipment and the associated [[reimbursement]] and support, the MOU also spells out responsibilities related to conduct, discipline, investigations and accountability. These latter elements are relevant in cases of misconduct, such as allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].

Specific issues relevant to deployment, such as reimbursement rates and standards, as well as copies of relevant policy documents are appended to the MOU in annexes. The annexes currently appended to MOUs (since 1 July 2017) are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Military annex 
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | FPU annex
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Description
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| A
| A
| Personnel
| Includes appendix on individual kit of soldiers and FPU members, respectively
|-
| B
| B
| Major equipment
| 
|-
| C
| C
| Self-sustainment
| 
|-
| D
| D
| Principles of verification and performance standards for major equipment
| 
|-
| E
| E
| Principles of verification and performance standards for self-sustainment
| 
|-
| F
| F
| Principles of verification and performance standards for medical support
| 
|-
| G
| G
| [[Statement of unit requirement]]
| 
|-
| H
| H
| Definitions
| 
|-
| I
| 
| Guidelines for troop-contributing countries
| 
|-
| 
| I
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/13 Bulletin on observance by United Nations forces of international humanitarian law]
| 
|-
| 
| J
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 Regulations governing the status, basic rights and duties of officials other than Secretariat officials and experts on mission]
| 
|-
| 
| K
| Guidelines for formed police units on assignment with peace operations
| 
|-
| 
| L
| Directives for disciplinary matters involving civilian police officers and military observers
| Establishes procedures to be followed for breaches of conduct by civilian police officers and military observers
|-
| J
| M
| We are United Nations peacekeeping personnel
| Code of conduct for peacekeepers distributed to each soldier and police officer
|-
| K
| N
| Environmental policy for United Nations field missions
| 
|}

== Historical overview ==
The MOU began as the "Contribution Agreement" setting out the respective responsibilities of the United Nations and a troop-contributing countries. In the 2000s, the MOU underwent significant development following revelations of significant number of allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] against peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Fourth Committee (through the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]), the Fifth Committee (through the [[Contingent-Owned Equipment|COE Working Group]]) and the Sixth Committee have all played roles in the development of the MOU as it currently exists today. 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]] report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | COE manual
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|ACABQ]] report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E]
| 17 June 1997
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/995 A/50/995]
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/646 A/51/646]
| SG report contains proposed text of Contribution Agreement
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/967 A/51/967], [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.1 Corr.1] and [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.2 Corr.2]
| [http://undocs.org/a/52/410 A/52/410]
| SG report contains revised model Contribution Agreement, now called the model MOU
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/57/314 57/314]
| 18 June 2003
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/56/939 A/56/939]
| [http://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772]
| SG report requests GA approval of model MOU; includes MOU process map
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/300 59/300]
| 22 June 2005
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/19/rev.1 A/59/19/Rev.1]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 39 of part 2
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/263 60/263]
| 6 June 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19 A/60/19]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 74
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/289 60/289]
| 8 September 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19/add.1 A/60/19/Add.1]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraphs 5 and 8
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/29 61/29]
| 4 December 2006
| 
| 
| 
| 
| Resolution on criminal accountability; took note of recommendation of Group of Legal Experts ([http://undocs.org/a/60/980 A/60/980], para 65) to establish separate MOUs for military and police
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
| 
| 
| 2005 COE Manual; chapter 9 was basis for negotiation by ad hoc group of experts
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/267B 61/267B]
| 24 July 2007
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/19/Rev.1 A/61/19/Rev.1]
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/494 A/61/494]
| 
| Resolution approved amendments to model MOU. A/61/494 is an SG report to C-34
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
| 
| 
| 2008 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
| 
| 
| 2011 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
| 
| 
| 2014 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
| 
| 
| 2017 COE Manual
|}</text>
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  <title>Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports</title>
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    <text bytes="8374" xml:space="preserve">The '''[[Fifth Committee]]''' has developed different practices when taking action on reports submitted by different individuals or bodies. The below is adapted from a working document maintained by the Secretariat of the Fifth Committee.

=== Reports of the Secretary-General ===
When the General Assembly “takes note” of reports of the Secretary-General or recommendations contained in these reports this means that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.
The General Assembly traditionally either “takes note”, or “takes note with appreciation” or “welcomes” reports of the Secretary-General. By doing so the Assembly is effectively indicating that it has seen these reports and that they are no longer on the list of documents to be considered by the Assembly.

=== Reports of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] (ACABQ) === 
It is the practice of the General Assembly to “endorse” the recommendations contained in the reports of the ACABQ, usually “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. This effectively means that the Assembly agrees with all of the observations and recommendations contained in bold in the Advisory Committee’s reports, and where it does not agree the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse.
Since the report of the Advisory Committee is endorsed overall, when the Assembly “takes note” of a particular paragraph of the Advisory Committee’s report, this indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.

=== Reports of the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]] (OIOS) === 
When the General Assembly “takes note” of an OIOS report, which contains the comments of the Secretary-General, the Assembly is effectively requesting the Secretary-General to implement the recommendations of OIOS, taking into account the comments of the Secretary-General’s. As a result, “takes note” is equal to “endorsement” of the report but any departure from the comments of the Secretary-General would need to be clearly articulated in the resolution.

=== Recommendations of the [[Board of Auditors]] (BOA) === 
The General Assembly usually “accepts” the financial report and audited financial statements of the BOA and normally “approves” the recommendations and conclusions contained in the Board’s reports, in their entirety. In cases where the Assembly cannot reach agreement on specific recommendations of the BOA, rather than single out these specific sections, it has been the practice of the General Assembly to recall previous relevant resolutions relating to the substance of the issue under discussion (for example on human resources). It is then the understanding that the Secretary-General should not implement those recommendations. 
The General Assembly does not make direct requests to the BOA. In accordance with article VII, regulation 7.7 of the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations, the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions may request the BOA to perform certain specific examinations and issue separate reports on the results. Therefore the General Assembly may request the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions to request the BOA to undertake particular action.

=== Reports of the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] (IAAC) === 
It is the understanding of the Fifth Committee (see Summary Records of 28th meeting of the sixty-third session – (A/C.5/63/SR.28) that if the Committee “takes note” of recommendations of the IAAC related to the Office of Internal Oversight Services it agrees with these recommendations and will then further request the Secretary-General to implement them.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to subjects other than the Office of Internal Oversight Services then the Committee considers these in the context of General Assembly decision 55/488, whereby “takes note” indicates that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.

It is the understanding of the Committee that observations and recommendations of the IAAC relating to the review of the mandate of the Office of Internal Oversight Services will be “endorsed” and, if modified by the Fifth Committee, this will be “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. As with reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, where the Committee does not agree with a recommendation of the IAAC the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse by using “takes note” of a particular paragraph. This indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to the budget of the Office of Internal Oversight Services, these will be submitted through the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the Committee will decide on these recommendations in the context of the ACABQ’s recommendations on the proposals.

=== Reports of the [[Joint Inspection Unit]] (JIU) === 
; Annual report and programme of work of the JIU
: The Annual Report of the Joint Inspection Unit along with its programme of work for the coming year is presented annually to the General Assembly at the Fifth Committee’s first resumed session (resolution 61/260). The Assembly “takes note (usually with appreciation) of the JIU’s annual report.

; Reports of the JIU
: According to Article 11.4 (d) of the Statute of the JIU, the Secretary-General can present his comments in an addendum to the JIU report, where he will indicate how he intends to address the recommendations. In cases where recommendations of the JIU require policy decisions by the General Assembly these will require action in the relevant resolution to “request the Secretary-General to implement.”

=== Reports of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] (ICSC) ===
When considering the reports of the International Civil Service Commission, the General Assembly “takes note” of the report and of any decisions that are within the competence of the Commission (such as to keep under its review particular questions). Any decisions or recommendations of the ICSC that require action by the General Assembly, for example regarding remuneration or increases to allowances, the General Assembly, if it agrees, will “approve” the ICSC’s recommendations.

=== Reports of the [[United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board]] (UNJSPF) ===
The General Assembly “takes note” of the report of the Pension Board and the information it contains. In the case of proposals or recommendations by the Board that require decision of the Assembly, such as any proposed changes to regulations or provisions of the Pension Fund, the General Assembly will “approve”.

In addition, the Secretary-General prepares a report on the administrative and financial implications of any decisions by the UN Joint Staff Pension Board. This report is considered by the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the General Assembly will therefore also “endorse” the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee (see above).

=== Reports of the [[Committee on Contributions]] (COC) ===
The General Assembly will consider the reports of the Committee on Contributions in its preamblular part i.e. “having considered”. Where there are specific observations or recommendations in the Committee’s report that the General Assembly approves, it will “endorse” the relevant section or paragraph in the report.

=== Reports of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] (CPC) ===
The General Assembly “endorses” the conclusions and recommendations of the Committee for Programme and Coordination contained in each chapter of its report. If the Assembly does not agree with any recommendation or conclusion of the Committee this will be reflected in the resolution (for example further changes to the Strategic Framework – see the Annex to resolution 61/235). Any additional requests or decisions by the Assembly will be contained in the text of the draft resolution.</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Status of forces agreement</title>
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    <text bytes="417" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping operation has a '''status of forces agreement''' (SOFA) that sets out the legal agreement between the host government and the United Nations, including on the application of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]]. Before the conclusion of a SOFA, the Security Council may specify that the model SOFA, contained in [http://undocs.org/a/45/594 A/45/594] shall apply.</text>
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  <revision>
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    <text bytes="418" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping operation has a '''status of forces agreement''' (SOFA) that sets out the legal agreement between the host government and the United Nations, including on the application of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]]. Before the conclusion of a SOFA, the Security Council may specify that the model SOFA, contained in [http://undocs.org/a/45/594 A/45/594], shall apply.</text>
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  <title>Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations</title>
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    <text bytes="1183" xml:space="preserve">The '''Convention''' defines the privileges and immunities of the United Nations, its personnel and its assets. It stems from Article 105 of the United Nations Charter, which specifies that:

# The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes.
# Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.
# The General Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the United Nations for this purpose.

As of 2018, the Convention has been ratified by 162 Member States, a number of which have registered reservations with certain provisions of the Convention. The text of the convention and the reservations made by Member States are available on the UN Treaty Collection website: [https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?src=ind&amp;mtdsg_no=iii-1&amp;chapter=3 link].</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="1145" xml:space="preserve">The '''High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations''', or '''HIPPO''', was established by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in 2014 to to "take a comprehensive look at how United Nations peace operations could continue to contribute to the prevention and resolution of conflicts and be best designed and equipped to deal with the challenges of tomorrow". 

== Relevant documents ==
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/95 Report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (A/70/95–S/2015/446)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/357 Implementation of the HIPPO report: Report of the Secretary-General (A/70/357–S/2015/682)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/6 General Assembly resolution 70/6 of 3 November 2015] 
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/19 Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (A/70/19)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/268 General Assembly resolution 70/268 of 14 June 2016]
* [http://undocs.org/s/prst/2015/22 Statement by the President of the Security Council on 25 November 2015 (S/PRST/2015/22)]

== See also ==
* [[Management reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[Support to African Union peace support operations]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1173" xml:space="preserve">The '''High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations''', or '''HIPPO''', was established by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in 2014 to to "take a comprehensive look at how United Nations peace operations could continue to contribute to the prevention and resolution of conflicts and be best designed and equipped to deal with the challenges of tomorrow". 

== Relevant documents ==
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/95 Report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (A/70/95–S/2015/446)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/357 Implementation of the HIPPO report: Report of the Secretary-General (A/70/357–S/2015/682)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/6 General Assembly resolution 70/6 of 3 November 2015] 
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/19 Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (A/70/19)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/268 General Assembly resolution 70/268 of 14 June 2016]
* [http://undocs.org/s/prst/2015/22 Statement by the President of the Security Council on 25 November 2015 (S/PRST/2015/22)]

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[Support to African Union peace support operations]]</text>
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  <title>HIPPO</title>
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    <text bytes="62" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>United Nations reform</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the mos..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="2489" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) 
: Established the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]].
* '''The [[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid Report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* [[Civilian Capacity Review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
: Proposed measures to improve United Nations approaches to peacebuilding
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']] (2015)
: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
* '''[[Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''' (2015)
: Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
* [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']] (2015)
: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].
* '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''' (2017)
: Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
* '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''' (2017)
: Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].</text>
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    <text bytes="2761" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) 
: Established the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]].
* '''The [[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid Report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* [[Civilian Capacity Review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
: Proposed measures to improve United Nations approaches to peacebuilding
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="4177" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [http://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [http://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. In 1989, China became the 34th member of the Committee, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C-34". The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.   

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [http://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2018, there were 153 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/2018/INF/3&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent decades, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a Working Group of the Whole, which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2007, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "stabilization" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

== Notes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>7ac98e2ebc8ca6b4d0890377014b33ea58f5429a</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>52</id>
    <parentid>49</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-10-18T17:36:52Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>Added table of report sections</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5850" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [http://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [http://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

In 1989, China became the 34th member of the Committee, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C-34". The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.   

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [http://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2018, there were 153 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/2018/INF/3&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2011, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [http://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [http://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| 
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [http://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [http://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Notes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>36f14c397668cc94fb947c5c7805907100a2dbe9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>53</id>
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    <timestamp>2018-10-18T17:49:04Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Added references to SEA-related resumed sessions from 2005-2007</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6427" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [http://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [http://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

In 1989, China became the 34th member of the Committee, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C-34". The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.   

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([http://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [http://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [http://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [http://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [http://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2018, there were 153 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/2018/INF/3&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2011, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [http://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [http://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| 
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [http://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [http://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Notes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>cc5009ed13a47eba6fe2dfa57a87f52fc2a05cfe</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>C-34</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2018-10-18T15:45:13Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Redirected page to [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="58" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]</text>
    <sha1>fbfb15678dacc8383730f0bb43754481b69cee07</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>20</id>
  <revision>
    <id>54</id>
    <parentid>53</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-10-18T17:50:02Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6517" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [http://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [http://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China became the 34th member of the Committee, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C-34". The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.   

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([http://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [http://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [http://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [http://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [http://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2018, there were 153 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/2018/INF/3&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2011, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [http://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [http://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| 
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [http://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [http://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Notes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>648d12af87add4af5ce0fcbbafacbb7a085ac93e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>55</id>
    <parentid>54</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-10-19T14:29:23Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Replaced http with https</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6529" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China became the 34th member of the Committee, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C-34". The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.   

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2018, there were 153 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/2018/INF/3&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2011, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| 
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Notes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>6404c940accb4bf79d791567732b6f2d97aa7fe7</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>85</id>
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    <timestamp>2018-11-19T20:18:17Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>Added table of recent reports</comment>
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    <text bytes="8432" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China became the 34th member of the Committee, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C-34". The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.   

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2018, there were 153 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/2018/INF/3&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| 		First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| 		Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== Notes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Peacekeeping financing</title>
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    <text bytes="10082" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, programmatic activities and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10135" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, programmatic activities and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10139" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10169" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10701" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]</text>
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  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "Each peacekeeping mission (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June f..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="4884" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping mission (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2018 UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,80,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}</text>
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    <text bytes="5003" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping mission (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,80,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}</text>
    <sha1>2bf3e9a61852b16558c01af0c6e13855f823881c</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>60</id>
    <parentid>59</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-11-05T21:15:05Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Fixed typos</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5004" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping mission (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}</text>
    <sha1>d37ab87f0e1f4a5a69cfebfd79ae11e1e9c4a0ab</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>61</id>
    <parentid>60</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-11-05T21:19:19Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added UNAMID drawdown</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5069" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping mission (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}</text>
    <sha1>fd3c267179cd8c6aba8c4b374d04a592a50584e5</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>66</id>
    <parentid>61</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-11-06T23:33:17Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added references section</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5087" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping mission (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>2477d0bd0e0f3f19869229861a59ad1448bcfca3</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>67</id>
    <parentid>66</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-11-06T23:33:52Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added link to peacekeeping financing</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5130" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping mission (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
[[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>f9a83e5de13da3fac25d2b9d29863f33adce6dfe</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>78</id>
    <parentid>67</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-11-15T16:44:30Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added link to programmatic activities</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5162" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping mission (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>460742a2b1a06e0719ed43ebf0bbd02f374db6e9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>96</id>
    <parentid>78</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-11-29T19:41:01Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added categories</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5222" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping mission (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Main Page</title>
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    <text bytes="710" xml:space="preserve">casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. This is not an official United Nations website, but has been built as a resource for those working in or with peacekeeping missions on the nuts and bolts of peacekeeping operations and the Secretariat.

To navigate the wiki, either search for a topic or browse the [[Special:AllPages|'''table of contents''']].

=== Featured pages (Fall 2018) ===
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Scale of assessments]] and [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations|Management reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "== Definitions ==  '''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a pe..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="2434" xml:space="preserve">== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping overview report. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|}</text>
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    <text bytes="2636" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping overview report. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
[[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="2666" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping overview report. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==</text>
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  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''Estimates in respect of special political missions''' (SPMs) are included in the programme budget as part of section 3 (Political Affairs). For budgetary reasons, SPMs are..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="3352" xml:space="preserve">'''Estimates in respect of special political missions''' (SPMs) are included in the programme budget as part of section 3 (Political Affairs). For budgetary reasons, SPMs are grouped into three "thematic clusters" of missions:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA) and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI) ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}</text>
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    <text bytes="4175" xml:space="preserve">'''Estimates in respect of special political missions''' (SPMs) are included in the programme budget as part of section 3 (Political Affairs). For budgetary reasons, SPMs are grouped into three "thematic clusters" of missions:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA) and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI) ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}

== Intergovernmental process ==

The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

== Other considerations ==

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology for SPMs. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not part of the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4175" xml:space="preserve">'''Estimates in respect of special political missions''' (SPMs) are included in the programme budget as part of section 3 (Political Affairs). For budgetary reasons, SPMs are grouped into three "thematic clusters" of missions:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA) and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI) ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}

== Intergovernmental process ==

The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

== Other considerations ==

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology for SPMs. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not part of the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]</text>
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    <text bytes="8901" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA) and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI) ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st and 72nd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the agenda item under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

Over the years, the Fourth Committee has considered a number of reports submitted under this agenda item, as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Summary records !! Resolution 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] of 11 December 2013 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] of 5 December 2014 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] of 9 December 2015
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] of 6 December 2016
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] of 7 December 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337] ||  || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>749954183726b25ac82660758ee29bcdf7ce362a</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Administrative issuance</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of th..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="3789" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. Although regulations require approval by the General Assembly, rules are issued by the Secretary-General under his/her own authority, though changes to the rules are communicated to the General Assembly. Until such time that the General Assembly takes note of rules, they are generally referred to as provisional rules. 

Policies subordinate to the regulations and rules can be issued by the Secretary-General through administrative issuances, which can be formally issued in two forms. The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate decisions on policy. The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1] Index to administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

== Financial Regulations and Rules ==
=== Current version ===
[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013) 

* Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules: [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1]

=== Previous versions ===
* ST/SGB/2003/7 (9 May 2003) and Amend.1 (16 December 2010)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3 (1 March 1985)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2 (31 March 1978)
* ST/SGB/Financial Regulations (2 July 1975)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1 (31 May 1970)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1 (1 January 1960)
* General Assembly resolution 456(V) of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* General Assembly resolution 80(I) of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation ==
Because the formal title is such a mouthful, these are generally referred to by the acronym "PPBME".

=== Current version ===
[https://st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016)

=== Previous versions ===
* ST/SGB/2000/8 (issued 19 April 2000)
* ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1 (issued March 1987) ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987)

== Staff Regulations and Staff Rules ==
The Staff Regulations are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.").  

=== Current version ===
[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018)

* Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules: [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1]

=== Previous versions === 
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* ST/SGB/2009/7 (21 October 2009); first regulations and rules issued following the unification of the 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules under resolution 63/250.

== Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission ==
=== Current version ===
[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 '''ST/SGB/2002/9'''] (18 June 2002)

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>328abf6614fbd84cebea1781d0e3a7bb8e73ef73</sha1>
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    <text bytes="3858" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. Although regulations require approval by the General Assembly, rules are issued by the Secretary-General under his/her own authority, though changes to the rules are communicated to the General Assembly. Until such time that the General Assembly "[[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|takes note of]]" rules, they are generally referred to as provisional rules. 

Policies subordinate to the regulations and rules can be issued by the Secretary-General through administrative issuances, which can be formally issued in two forms. The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate decisions on policy. The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1] Index to administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

== Financial Regulations and Rules ==
=== Current version ===
[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013) 

* Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules: [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1]

=== Previous versions ===
* ST/SGB/2003/7 (9 May 2003) and Amend.1 (16 December 2010)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3 (1 March 1985)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2 (31 March 1978)
* ST/SGB/Financial Regulations (2 July 1975)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1 (31 May 1970)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1 (1 January 1960)
* General Assembly resolution 456(V) of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* General Assembly resolution 80(I) of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation ==
Because the formal title is such a mouthful, these are generally referred to by the acronym "PPBME".

=== Current version ===
[https://st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016)

=== Previous versions ===
* ST/SGB/2000/8 (issued 19 April 2000)
* ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1 (issued March 1987) ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987)

== Staff Regulations and Staff Rules ==
The Staff Regulations are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.").  

=== Current version ===
[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018)

* Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules: [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1]

=== Previous versions === 
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* ST/SGB/2009/7 (21 October 2009); first regulations and rules issued following the unification of the 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules under resolution 63/250.

== Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission ==
=== Current version ===
[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 '''ST/SGB/2002/9'''] (18 June 2002)

== References ==</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="3955" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. Although regulations require approval by the General Assembly, rules are issued by the Secretary-General under his/her own authority, though changes to the rules are communicated to the General Assembly. Until such time that the General Assembly "[[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|takes note of]]" rules, they are generally referred to as provisional rules. 

Policies subordinate to the regulations and rules can be issued by the Secretary-General through administrative issuances, which can be formally issued in two forms. The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate decisions on policy. The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1] Index to administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

== Financial Regulations and Rules ==
=== Current version ===
[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013) 

* Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules: [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7]

=== Previous versions ===
* ST/SGB/2003/7 (9 May 2003) and Amend.1 (16 December 2010)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3 (1 March 1985)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2 (31 March 1978)
* ST/SGB/Financial Regulations (2 July 1975)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1 (31 May 1970)
* ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1 (1 January 1960)
* General Assembly resolution 456(V) of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* General Assembly resolution 80(I) of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation ==
Because the formal title is such a mouthful, these are generally referred to by the acronym "PPBME".

=== Current version ===
[https://st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016)

=== Previous versions ===
* ST/SGB/2000/8 (issued 19 April 2000)
* ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1 (issued March 1987) ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987)

== Staff Regulations and Staff Rules ==
The Staff Regulations are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.").  

=== Current version ===
[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018)

* Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules: [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1]

=== Previous versions === 
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* ST/SGB/2009/7 (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission ==
=== Current version ===
[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 '''ST/SGB/2002/9'''] (18 June 2002)

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>4f11beb3c3ac3399a3a5d07ee4cece9184738d29</sha1>
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    <text bytes="6053" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. Although regulations require approval by the General Assembly, rules are issued by the Secretary-General under his/her own authority, though changes to the rules are communicated to the General Assembly. Until such time that the General Assembly "[[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|takes note of]]" rules, they are generally referred to as provisional rules. 

Policies subordinate to the regulations and rules can be issued by the Secretary-General through administrative issuances, which can be formally issued in two forms. The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate decisions on policy. The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1] Index to administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

== Financial Regulations and Rules ==
The current version of the Financial Regulations and Rules is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013). 

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). 

=== Related documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules: 
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees

=== Previous versions ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation ==
Because the formal title is such a mouthful, these are generally referred to by the acronym "'''PPBME'''". The current version of the PPBME is [https://st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016).

=== Previous versions ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/8 ST/SGB/2000/8] (issued 19 April 2000)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987) ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1] (issued March 1987) 

== Staff Regulations and Staff Rules ==
The current version of the Staff Regulations and Rules is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly."). 

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

=== Related documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules

=== Previous versions === 
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission ==
The Regulations were issued as [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 '''ST/SGB/2002/9'''] (18 June 2002).

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>6f5b9c7e57902f219bce8e713304a21fb7a35090</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <id>74</id>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Added links to financial policies on iSeek, procurement manual and property management AI</comment>
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    <text bytes="6400" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. Although regulations require approval by the General Assembly, rules are issued by the Secretary-General under his/her own authority, though changes to the rules are communicated to the General Assembly. Until such time that the General Assembly "[[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|takes note of]]" rules, they are generally referred to as provisional rules. 

Policies subordinate to the regulations and rules can be issued by the Secretary-General through administrative issuances, which can be formally issued in two forms. The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate decisions on policy. The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1] Index to administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

== Financial Regulations and Rules ==
The current version of the Financial Regulations and Rules is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013). 

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). 

=== Related documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules: 
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

=== Previous versions ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation ==
Because the formal title is such a mouthful, these are generally referred to by the acronym "'''PPBME'''". The current version of the PPBME is [https://st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016).

=== Previous versions ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/8 ST/SGB/2000/8] (issued 19 April 2000)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987) ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1] (issued March 1987) 

== Staff Regulations and Staff Rules ==
The current version of the Staff Regulations and Rules is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly."). 

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

=== Related documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules

=== Previous versions === 
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission ==
The Regulations were issued as [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 '''ST/SGB/2002/9'''] (18 June 2002).

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>9fab808c0ee5af022f4906b47d997b3f5241d888</sha1>
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    <id>75</id>
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    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Clarified SG authority to issue financial and staff rules based on relevant regulations.</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7046" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. Although regulations require approval by the General Assembly, rules are issued by the Secretary-General under his/her own authority, though changes to the rules are communicated to the General Assembly. 

Policies subordinate to the regulations and rules can be issued by the Secretary-General through administrative issuances, which can be formally issued in two forms. The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate decisions on policy. The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1] Index to administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

== Financial Regulations and Rules ==
The current version of the Financial Regulations and Rules is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013). 

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Under Regulation 5.8, the General Assembly provided the Secretary-General with the authority to "establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy".

=== Related documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules: 
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

=== Previous versions ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation ==
Because the formal title is such a mouthful, these are generally referred to by the acronym "'''PPBME'''". The current version of the PPBME is [https://st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016).

=== Previous versions ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/8 ST/SGB/2000/8] (issued 19 April 2000)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987) ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1] (issued March 1987) 

== Staff Regulations and Staff Rules ==
The current version of the Staff Regulations and Rules is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly."). The Secretary-General can issue staff rules and amendments to staff rules to implement the Staff Regulations, which are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

=== Related documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules

=== Previous versions === 
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission ==
The Regulations were issued as [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 '''ST/SGB/2002/9'''] (18 June 2002).

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>cae6ae71706949eb600c00270446af78096a4478</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Fifth Committee</title>
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    <text bytes="11430" xml:space="preserve">The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat. As one of the six Main Committees, all UN Member States (193, as of this writing), are represented in the Committee, though as a matter of practice most Member States are represented through blocs such as the Group of 77 and China (G77), which consists of over 130 developing countries. Since the adoption of [http://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], the Committee has generally taken most decisions by consensus.

== Blocs ==

=== Group of 77 and China ===

Developing countries coordinate in the G77 format in intergovernmental bodies responsible for economic and financial issues (such as the Fifth Committee) and in the NAM format on bodies responsible for peace and security issues. The primary difference in membership is that many large Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, are members of the G77 but not the NAM. 

The G77 adopts a common position on nearly all Fifth Committee issues, with two notable exceptions: peacekeeping mission budgets and issues pertaining to the permanent members of the Security Council. On peacekeeping mission budgets, the African Group negotiates as a bloc, while other G77 members negotiate in their national capacity. 

Leadership of the G77 rotates on an annual basis, and the Chair is responsible for coordinating G77 positions as well as delivering common statements of position on behalf of the Group. 

=== Major Financial Contributors ===
Major financial contributors refer to themselves as the "like-minded group" and are referred to as "the partners" by the G77 and China. 

==== European Union ====
The Member States of the European Union generally adopt a common position on Fifth Committee matters. Since the adoption of resolution 65/276 on the participation of the European Union in the work of the United Nations in May 2011, the positions of EU Member States are jointly coordinated by (and its negotiation “burden-sharing” teams are jointly led by) the EU Delegation and the delegation holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 

==== CANZ ====
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand generally adopt a common position and negotiate in a bloc referred to as CANZ.  

==== JUSCANZ ====
The informal JUSCANZ alignment of Japan, the United States, CANZ, and Israel  is sometimes used in the Fifth Committee for coordination purposes.

=== Other delegations active in the Fifth Committee ===
* Norway 
* Switzerland
* Russia 
* Mexico

== Process ==
Below is an explanation of the Fifth Committee negotiation process.
 
=== Website ===

The Fifth Committee website is available at [http://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/ www.un.org/en/ga/fifth] and includes invaluable information, including contact information for the Bureau and Secretariat, the program of work (i.e. schedule of meetings), the text of statements delivered in Committee, and resolutions. 

=== Bureau === 
The Bureau of the Fifth Committee consists of the Chair, three Vice-Chairs, and one Rapporteur elected by the Committee; each of the five regional groups has one representative on the Bureau. The Bureau is responsible for setting the program of work  for the Committee and deciding on issues of process. By convention, the five permanent members of the Security Council never seek election to the office of PGA or to the Chair or Vice-Chair of any of the six Main Committees of the General Assembly.	

=== Secretariat ===
The Secretariat of the Fifth Committee, technically part of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Management, consists of UN staff members responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the Committee. They are led by the Secretary of the Committee (who also serves as the Secretary of the Committee on Program and Coordination), who supports the Chair of the Committee and who attends Bureau meetings, and include a Deputy Secretary and a number of officers who provide administrative support for negotiations on each of the individual agenda items assigned to the Committee, including activities such as managing the list of speakers, compiling draft resolutions, and serving as an impartial resource on the rules of procedure and working methods of the Committee.

=== Coordinators === 
Coordinators are Fifth Committee delegates who are responsible for facilitating the negotiations on individual agenda items. In selecting coordinators, the Bureau generally tries to ensure that coordinators for the key issues in each session are balanced between the G77 and like-minded delegations.  

It is extremely rare, but not unprecedented, for permanent members of the Security Council to serve as coordinators. 

=== Organization of Work ===
The Fifth Committee meets three times a year. The main part of its session runs from October through December, the first part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in March, and the second part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in May (though the Committee generally does not complete its work until June). Issues pertaining to the biennial [[programme budget]] (i.e. the “regular budget”), which runs from 1 January of the first year through 31 December of the second, and general management policy issues are generally handled during the main session. Non time-bound management policy issues (and overflow from the main session) are generally tackled during the first resumed session. Issues related to the [[peacekeeping financing|financing of peacekeeping operations]] are handled during the second resumed session, as the peacekeeping financial period runs from 1 July to 30 June. 

The first meeting of any session begins with a formal meeting on the Organization of Work to approve the agenda and provisional program of work. Groups and delegations generally also use this meeting to deliver statements complaining about the late issuance of documents or to identify their priorities for the session. 

=== Negotiation process ===
Negotiations on each draft resolution is based on one or more reports submitted by the Secretary-General and/or a body such as the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the [[Board of Auditors]], the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], the [[International Civil Service Commission]], the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]], the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] or the [[programme budget|Committee on Programme and Coordination]]. The specific practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on these reports is outlined in a [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|separate article]].

Because the Fifth Committee takes decisions by consensus, draft resolutions are generally not sponsored by individual delegations but are submitted on behalf of the Committee by the Chair. The process of negotiating resolutions is outlined below.

; Formal introduction of an agenda item
: Discussion of an agenda item in the Fifth Committee begins with a formal meeting chaired by a member of the Bureau in which a senior UN official—usually from the Department of Management—presents the report of the Secretary-General by providing a brief summary of the report. This is then followed by a presentation of the related report of the ACABQ by either the Chair or Vice-Chair of the ACABQ. Groups and delegations then have an opportunity to make statements for the record on the agenda item. 
: Member States speaking on behalf of groups (e.g. the G77, its constituent regional groups, or CANZ) always speak first, followed by the EU Delegation on behalf of the EU Member States, and then individual delegations in the order they appear on the list of speakers. 
: Formal meetings of all Main Committees are open and webcast on [http://webtv.un.org WebTV]. 

; Q&amp;A
: Following formal introduction of an agenda item, the Committee then meets in informal consultations chaired by the coordinator of the agenda item. The first stage of informal consultations are the Q&amp;A, in which members of the Committee have the opportunity to ask questions of representatives of the Secretariat about the issue at hand. Responses can be requested in writing.
	 
; Skeleton and language submission 
: Once Q&amp;A has been exhausted, the coordinator will circulate what is generally referred to as the “skeleton” or “rev. 0” of the draft resolution, which contains the standard paragraphs required to take a decision on the basis of the ACABQ recommendation (the default course of action). The coordinator will also set a language submission deadline. Delegations have until the deadline to submit additional paragraphs for the draft resolution, after which all of submissions are compiled into the “rev. 1” text. During the first informal consultation following the language submission deadline, each delegation is given an opportunity to present their language submission; this can be as detailed or cursory as the presenting delegate wishes. 	

; First reading 
: Once all language proposals have been submitted and introduced, the Committee undertakes a first reading of the rev. 1 text, going paragraph by paragraph. This is an opportunity for delegations to ask factual or grammatical questions about the language proposals either to the proponent of the language or to the Secretariat. 

; Second reading
: Once the first reading is completed, the Committee then starts again from the top with the second reading. For each paragraph, the coordinator will ask whether the paragraph can be adopted ad referendum. Although it is technically true that all agreements are provisional and that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, it is generally considered a sign of bad faith to re-open a paragraph after it has been adopted ad ref. Any delegations with objections to a paragraph can request that it be “bracketed”, and any delegation can withdraw or amend any paragraph they proposed. At the end of the second reading, delegates generally try to work offline in order to craft amendments or compromise proposals in order to overcome objections. The process then iterates through a third reading (and more, if necessary) until all remaining paragraphs have been agreed. 

; Chair’s text 
: If the Committee is stuck, the coordinator and/or Chair may submit a compromise proposal as an attempt to bridge the gap. 
 
; Adoption
: Once a draft resolution as a whole has been agreed to in informal consultations (i.e. adopted informally), the Chair then formally submits it to the Secretariat on behalf of the Committee. The Secretariat then issues it as an L-document for action by the Committee during a formal session. After the Committee approves the draft resolution, the text is included verbatim in a Report of the Fifth Committee to the General Assembly for adoption by a plenary session of the General Assembly, after which it is assigned a resolution number. 

; No consensus
: If the Committee is unable to reach consensus on an issue, it often defers consideration to a subsequent session. In exceptional circumstances, delegations have tabled draft resolutions as L-documents (or threatened to do so) to force a decision on a deadlocked issue.

== See also ==
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]</text>
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  <title>Department of Management</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The '''Department of Management''' was established in 1997&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/a/52/1(supp) A/52/1(SUPP)] Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization (1..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="1379" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management''' was established in 1997&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/a/52/1(supp) A/52/1(SUPP)] Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization (1997)&lt;/ref&gt; out of the former Department of Administration and Management. It—along with the [[Department of Field Support]]—will be re-engineered into the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Field Support]] on 1 January 2019.

== Organizational Bulletins ==

=== Department of Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] (6 December 2010)
* ST/SGB/2005/8 (13 April 2005)
* ST/SGB/2003/15 (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1997/11 (15 September 1997)

=== Office of Central Support Services ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] (3 January 2013)
* ST/SGB/1998/11 (18 June 1998)

=== Office of Human Resources Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] (20 July 2011)
* ST/SGB/2004/8 (7 April 2004)
* ST/SGB/1998/12 (2 November 1998)

=== Office of Information and Communications Technology ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] (21 September 2016)

=== Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts ===
Commonly referred to as the Controller's Office.
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1998/13 (18 June 1998)

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>f2679f4c76a6ed3ed644da338780a1f667b25f3a</sha1>
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    <text bytes="1406" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management''' was established in 1997&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/a/52/1(supp) A/52/1(SUPP)] Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization (1997)&lt;/ref&gt; out of the former Department of Administration and Management. It—along with the [[Department of Field Support]]—will be re-engineered into the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Field Support]] on 1 January 2019.

== Organizational Bulletins ==

=== Department of Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] (6 December 2010)
* ST/SGB/2005/8 (13 April 2005)
* ST/SGB/2003/15 (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1997/11 (15 September 1997)

=== Office of Central Support Services ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] (3 January 2013)
* ST/SGB/1998/11 (18 June 1998)

=== Office of Human Resources Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] (20 July 2011)
* ST/SGB/2004/8 (7 April 2004)
* ST/SGB/1998/12 (2 November 1998)

=== Office of Information and Communications Technology ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] (21 September 2016)

=== Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts ===
Commonly referred to as the Controller's Office.
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1998/13 (18 June 1998)

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Death and disability compensation</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>4</id>
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    <text bytes="1996" xml:space="preserve">'''Death and disability compensation''' is paid by the United Nations for military and police personnel killed or injured in service. The current maximum rate of compensation is $77,000&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018 (paragraph 4) increased the rate by 10%
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] of 24 June 2010 (section II, paragraph 3) increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/177 52/177] of 18 December 1997 approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218e 51/218E] of 17 June 1997 (section II) set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994 (section III) established the principles for the payment of death and disability

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/550 A/63/550]: Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits (SG)
* [https://undocs.org/a/62/804 A/62/804] and [https://undocs.org/a/62/804/corr.1 Corr. 1]: Status of cases for death and disability (SG)

== References ==</text>
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  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <text bytes="2219" xml:space="preserve">'''Death and disability compensation''' is paid by the United Nations for military and police personnel killed or injured in service. The current maximum rate of compensation is $77,000&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018 (paragraph 4) increased the rate by 10%
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] of 24 June 2010 (section II, paragraph 3) increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/177 52/177] of 18 December 1997 approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218e 51/218E] of 17 June 1997 (section II) set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994 (section III) established the principles for the payment of death and disability

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
Information on death and disability claims has, since the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/316 57/316] of 18 June 2003, been included in the annual report on the [[Overview report|overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations]]. Prior to that, a separate report titled "Death and disability benefits" was issued on an annual basis.  
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/550 A/63/550]: Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits (SG)

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>0017e88c00ace69fa54566e04f59291cf7147ee2</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>81</id>
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    <comment>Adjusted selection of relevant SG reports</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="2742" xml:space="preserve">'''Death and disability compensation''' is paid by the United Nations for military and police personnel killed or injured in service. The current maximum rate of compensation is $77,000&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018 (paragraph 4) increased the rate by 10%
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] of 24 June 2010 (section II, paragraph 3) increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/177 52/177] of 18 December 1997 approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218e 51/218E] of 17 June 1997 (section II) set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994 (section III) established the principles for the payment of death and disability

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
Information on death and disability claims has, since the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/316 57/316] of 18 June 2003, been included in the annual report on the [[Overview report|overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations]]. Prior to that, a separate report titled "Death and disability benefits" was issued on an annual basis.  
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/550 A/63/550] ''Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/52/369 A/52/369] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented proposals for administrative and payment procedures
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/906 A/59/906] and [https://undocs.org/A/49/906/corr.1 Corr.1] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented options for providing compensation to troops
* [https://undocsorg/a/48/945 A/48/945] ''Effective planning, budgeting and administration of peace-keeping operations''—requested guidance from the General Assembly for providing compensation to troops

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>456013757096446721b3ad5f4101b2f204f52906</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>Added categories</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="2763" xml:space="preserve">'''Death and disability compensation''' is paid by the United Nations for military and police personnel killed or injured in service. The current maximum rate of compensation is $77,000&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018 (paragraph 4) increased the rate by 10%
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] of 24 June 2010 (section II, paragraph 3) increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/177 52/177] of 18 December 1997 approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218e 51/218E] of 17 June 1997 (section II) set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994 (section III) established the principles for the payment of death and disability

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
Information on death and disability claims has, since the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/316 57/316] of 18 June 2003, been included in the annual report on the [[Overview report|overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations]]. Prior to that, a separate report titled "Death and disability benefits" was issued on an annual basis.  
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/550 A/63/550] ''Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/52/369 A/52/369] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented proposals for administrative and payment procedures
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/906 A/59/906] and [https://undocs.org/A/49/906/corr.1 Corr.1] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented options for providing compensation to troops
* [https://undocsorg/a/48/945 A/48/945] ''Effective planning, budgeting and administration of peace-keeping operations''—requested guidance from the General Assembly for providing compensation to troops

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>0f6af06fdd54078538e6ba43e9c33ee5dd0cc491</sha1>
  </revision>
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<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Department of Field Support</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>27</id>
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    <comment>Created page with "The '''Department of Field Support''' was established in 2007. In addition to the Office of the Under-Secretary-General and Office of the Assistant Secretary-General, it consi..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="3863" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Field Support''' was established in 2007. In addition to the Office of the Under-Secretary-General and Office of the Assistant Secretary-General, it consists of four divisions:
* Field Budget and Finance Division
* Field Personnel Division
* Information and Communications Technology Division
* Logistics Support Division
It also shares three capacities with the [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]:
* Office of the Chief of Staff
* Policy, Evaluation and Training Division
* Office of the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership

== History ==
The Department of Field Support has its origins in the '''United Nations Field Service''', established in 1949, to provide land and air transport for missions; maintain radio communications with UN mission personnel; maintain premises, supplies, records and archives; maintain order during meetings; operate and maintain transport equipment; and perform guard duties at Headquarters. The Field Service was originally part of the Department of Conference and General Services but, in 1940, was moved into the Department of Administrative and Finance Services and was subsequently renamed the  '''Field Operations Service''' (FOS). In 1952, the guard functions were separated from the FOS, and in 1954 FOS was transferred into the Office of General Services. FOS became the '''Field Operations Division''' in 1987&lt;ref&gt;Field Service and Successor Bodies (ARMS, https://search.archives.un.org/downloads/field-service-and-successor-bodies-1948-1982.pdf)&lt;/ref&gt; and, on 1 January 1993, was transferred to the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/255 ST/SGB/255] ''Organization of the Department of Administration and Management''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/44/605 A/44/605] ''Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peace-keeping operations'' (paragraph 5)&lt;/ref&gt;.

In September 1993, the Field Operations Division was transferred into the [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/264 ST/SGB/264] ''Organization of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt;, where it was subsequently renamed the '''Field Administration and Logistics Division''' (FALD). FALD was later incorporated into the Office of Planning and Support&lt;ref&gt;ST/SGB/ORGANIZATION SECTION: DPKO ''Functions and Organization of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt; and then into the Office of Logistics, Management and Mine Action&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] ''Functions and organization of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt;, which was later restructured into the '''Office of Mission Support'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ''Implementation of the recommendations of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations and the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations''&lt;/ref&gt; as part of the follow-up to the implementation of the [[Brahimi report]]. 

The '''Department of Field Support''' was established on 1 July 2007 through the separation of the Office of Mission Support from the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. The General Assembly approved the creation of the new Department through the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 resolution 61/279] of 29 June 2007, as part of the [[Strengthening the capacity of the United Nations to manage and sustain peacekeeping operations]] reform agenda.

On 1 January 2019, the Department of Field Support and the [[Department of Management]] will be replaced with the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]] as part of the [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]] reform agenda. 

== Secretary-General's Bulletin ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2]

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>8d472681e6f3d74c18f8e5f62233cfa0c084050b</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <text bytes="3890" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Field Support''' was established in 2007. In addition to the Office of the Under-Secretary-General and Office of the Assistant Secretary-General, it consists of four divisions:
* Field Budget and Finance Division
* Field Personnel Division
* Information and Communications Technology Division
* Logistics Support Division
It also shares three capacities with the [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]:
* Office of the Chief of Staff
* Policy, Evaluation and Training Division
* Office of the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership

== History ==
The Department of Field Support has its origins in the '''United Nations Field Service''', established in 1949, to provide land and air transport for missions; maintain radio communications with UN mission personnel; maintain premises, supplies, records and archives; maintain order during meetings; operate and maintain transport equipment; and perform guard duties at Headquarters. The Field Service was originally part of the Department of Conference and General Services but, in 1940, was moved into the Department of Administrative and Finance Services and was subsequently renamed the  '''Field Operations Service''' (FOS). In 1952, the guard functions were separated from the FOS, and in 1954 FOS was transferred into the Office of General Services. FOS became the '''Field Operations Division''' in 1987&lt;ref&gt;Field Service and Successor Bodies (ARMS, https://search.archives.un.org/downloads/field-service-and-successor-bodies-1948-1982.pdf)&lt;/ref&gt; and, on 1 January 1993, was transferred to the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/255 ST/SGB/255] ''Organization of the Department of Administration and Management''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/44/605 A/44/605] ''Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peace-keeping operations'' (paragraph 5)&lt;/ref&gt;.

In September 1993, the Field Operations Division was transferred into the [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/264 ST/SGB/264] ''Organization of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt;, where it was subsequently renamed the '''Field Administration and Logistics Division''' (FALD). FALD was later incorporated into the Office of Planning and Support&lt;ref&gt;ST/SGB/ORGANIZATION SECTION: DPKO ''Functions and Organization of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt; and then into the Office of Logistics, Management and Mine Action&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] ''Functions and organization of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt;, which was later restructured into the '''Office of Mission Support'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ''Implementation of the recommendations of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations and the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations''&lt;/ref&gt; as part of the follow-up to the implementation of the [[Brahimi report]]. 

The '''Department of Field Support''' was established on 1 July 2007 through the separation of the Office of Mission Support from the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. The General Assembly approved the creation of the new Department through the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 resolution 61/279] of 29 June 2007, as part of the [[Strengthening the capacity of the United Nations to manage and sustain peacekeeping operations]] reform agenda.

On 1 January 2019, the Department of Field Support and the [[Department of Management]] will be replaced with the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]] as part of the [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]] reform agenda. 

== Secretary-General's Bulletin ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2]

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>6b770e9fd2590f58709dfba7e5dc6f8154cf77ba</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="7772" xml:space="preserve">The scales of assessments determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN regular programme buget. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations.

Regular budget scale of assessments
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

== Process ==
Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the General Assembly considers two resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first has to do with providing waivers to Member States falling afoul of Article 19 of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates, the outcome of the negotiations is a resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, the resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session. 

== Methodology ==
The current methodology determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars. Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
== Other proposals ==
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Assessment of non-Member States ==
Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed an amount equivalent to half of what their share would be if they were a Member State. This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| 			|| [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]		|| 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245]		|| [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11]		|| 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238]		|| [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11]		|| 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11]	|| 2010-2012	|| Russia unsuccessfully proposed amendment. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11]	|| 2007-2009	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11]	|| 2004-2006	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11]	|| 2001-2003	||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="6559" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Rates !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| || [http://undocs.org/a/73/350 A/73/350] || 2019-2021	|| Effective rates pending adoption of General Assembly resolution
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246] || [http://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1] || 2016-2018	|| Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman treated as level C; Saudi Arabia treated as level C for 2018 only
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239] || [http://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1] || 2013-2015	|| Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman treated as level C
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249] || [http://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1] || 2010-2012	|| Bahamas and Bahrain treated as level C
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243] || [http://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256] || [http://undocs.org/a/58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/236] || [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1] || 2001-2003	|| New system of discounts established
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4755" xml:space="preserve">'''Quick-impact projects''' ('''QIPs''') are activities of a mission intended to build confidence in a mission and its mandate. Inclusion of funding for QIPs in [[Peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping mission budgets]] was first proposed in the [[Brahimi report]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809 Report on the panel on United Nations peace operations]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in section XVIII of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] of 29 June 2007, provided the following guidance on the use of QIPs:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
4. Recognizes that, in accordance with the purpose of such projects, that is, that they be used by United Nations peacekeeping operations to establish and build confidence in individual missions, their  mandates and  the  peace  process, thereby improving  the  environment  for  effective mandate implementation, they should be executed by the missions to the extent possible and that, in instances when they are implemented by partners, steps should be taken to ensure that the missions are given due recognition; 
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Emphasizes that quick-impact projects should be implemented with minimal  or  no  overhead  charges  in  order  to  ensure  that  the  maximum  amount  is  spent for the direct benefit of the local population; 
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Recognizes that funding for quick-impact projects for the third year of a mission  and  beyond  may  be  requested  if  there  is  a  requirement  for  confidence-building activities, in which case a needs assessment should be conducted; 
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Emphasizes   the   importance   of   coordination   with   humanitarian   and   development partners in order to avoid duplication and overlap of activities between missions and humanitarian and development partners in the field; 
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Stresses  that  mission  budgets  allocated  for  quick-impact  projects  should  not  be  used  to  finance  humanitarian  and  development  activities  already  being  carried out by United Nations agencies or other international organizations; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

During the 67th session, concern over the continued request for QIP funding in UNMIK, a mission established 14 years earlier, led the General Assembly to reject the requested funds as QIPs funding but approved it under a separate "confidence-building projects" line item.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution 67/276 of 28 June 2013, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

== Secretariat policy ==
In response to the request for the Secretariat to issue a QIP policy in [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 and on the basis of the guidance provided in resolution 61/276, [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|DPKO]] and [[Department of Field Support|DFS]] issued a policy on QIPs that established a maximum ceiling of $25,000 for each project and a timeline for implementation of three months. Following a 2011 lessons-learned exercise, a revised policy was issued in 2013 that doubled both the threshold and the maximum ceiling for projects. 

The policy specified that funding for QIPs may constitute up to 1 per-cent of the mission budget and should only be included in the budget request for the start-up phase and the first two years of a mission. Requests for the third year and beyond should only be made if there is a requirement for confidence-building activities.&lt;ref&gt;2012.21 DPKO–DFS Policy on Quick-Impact Projects&lt;/ref&gt;

In peacekeeping missions, QIPs are generally managed by civil affairs components. Guidelines for the planning and management of QIPs is included in the DPKO–DFS [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/civil_affairs_handbook.pdf Civil Affairs Handbook], issued in 2012. 

== Oversight body recommendations ==
The Office of Internal Oversight Services occasionally performs audits of QIPs in individual missions. The resulting audit reports are published on the [https://oios.un.org/page?slug=report OIOS website].

The Board of Auditors, in its annual report on peacekeeping operations, occasionally focuses on QIPs. In its report for the 2014/15 financial period&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/5(Vol.II) A/70/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors&lt;/ref&gt; identified delays in the selection and approval of projects, delay in the release of funds, delay in the execution and completion of projects and inadequate monitoring and review, which prompted an internal review of QIPs management and the development of mission-specific standard operating procedures.&lt;ref&gt;DPKO–DFS cable 2733 (14 December 2015): Enhancement of the effective and efficient implementation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) in peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="4974" xml:space="preserve">'''Quick-impact projects''' ('''QIPs''') are activities of a mission intended to build confidence in a mission and its mandate. Inclusion of funding for QIPs in [[Peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping mission budgets]] was first proposed in the [[Brahimi report]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809 Report on the panel on United Nations peace operations]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in section XVIII of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] of 29 June 2007, provided the following guidance on the use of QIPs:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
4. Recognizes that, in accordance with the purpose of such projects, that is, that they be used by United Nations peacekeeping operations to establish and build confidence in individual missions, their  mandates and  the  peace  process, thereby improving  the  environment  for  effective mandate implementation, they should be executed by the missions to the extent possible and that, in instances when they are implemented by partners, steps should be taken to ensure that the missions are given due recognition; 
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Emphasizes that quick-impact projects should be implemented with minimal  or  no  overhead  charges  in  order  to  ensure  that  the  maximum  amount  is  spent for the direct benefit of the local population; 
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Recognizes that funding for quick-impact projects for the third year of a mission  and  beyond  may  be  requested  if  there  is  a  requirement  for  confidence-building activities, in which case a needs assessment should be conducted; 
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Emphasizes   the   importance   of   coordination   with   humanitarian   and   development partners in order to avoid duplication and overlap of activities between missions and humanitarian and development partners in the field; 
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Stresses  that  mission  budgets  allocated  for  quick-impact  projects  should  not  be  used  to  finance  humanitarian  and  development  activities  already  being  carried out by United Nations agencies or other international organizations; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

During the 67th session, concern over the continued request for QIP funding in UNMIK, a mission established 14 years earlier, led the General Assembly to reject the requested funds as QIPs funding but approved it under a separate "confidence-building projects" line item.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution 67/276 of 28 June 2013, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

== Secretariat policy ==
In response to the request for the Secretariat to issue a QIP policy in [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 and on the basis of the guidance provided in resolution 61/276, [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|DPKO]] and [[Department of Field Support|DFS]] issued a policy on QIPs that established a maximum ceiling of $25,000 for each project and a timeline for implementation of three months. Following a 2011 lessons-learned exercise, a revised policy was issued in 2013 that doubled both the threshold and the maximum ceiling for projects. 

The policy specified that funding for QIPs may constitute up to 1 per-cent of the mission budget and should only be included in the budget request for the start-up phase and the first two years of a mission. Requests for the third year and beyond should only be made if there is a requirement for confidence-building activities.&lt;ref&gt;2012.21 DPKO–DFS Policy on Quick-Impact Projects&lt;/ref&gt;

In peacekeeping missions, QIPs are generally managed by civil affairs components. Guidelines for the planning and management of QIPs is included in the DPKO–DFS [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/civil_affairs_handbook.pdf Civil Affairs Handbook], issued in 2012. 

== Funding levels ==
The amounts for QIPs approved by the General Assembly for each financial period are summarized in the summary table of [[approved resources for peacekeeping operations]] issued by the Secretariat.

== Oversight body recommendations ==
The Office of Internal Oversight Services occasionally performs audits of QIPs in individual missions. The resulting audit reports are published on the [https://oios.un.org/page?slug=report OIOS website].

The Board of Auditors, in its annual report on peacekeeping operations, occasionally focuses on QIPs. In its report for the 2014/15 financial period&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/5(Vol.II) A/70/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors&lt;/ref&gt; identified delays in the selection and approval of projects, delay in the release of funds, delay in the execution and completion of projects and inadequate monitoring and review, which prompted an internal review of QIPs management and the development of mission-specific standard operating procedures.&lt;ref&gt;DPKO–DFS cable 2733 (14 December 2015): Enhancement of the effective and efficient implementation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) in peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==</text>
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  <title>Development system reform</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda.   It consists of se..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="2314" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of UN country teams''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A '''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator''' system with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | General Assembly resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| 
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="2374" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of UN country teams''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A '''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator''' system with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | General Assembly resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| 
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2335" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of UN country teams''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A '''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator''' system with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | General Assembly resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| 
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Integrated mission</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is one in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the United Nations co..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="1290" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is one in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]
* [https://undg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/UN-Policy-on-Integrated-Assessment-and-Planning_FINAL_9-April-2013.pdf United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning, April 2013]

== References ==</text>
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  <title>Multidimensional mission</title>
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    <text bytes="812" xml:space="preserve">A '''multidimensional mission''' is a peacekeeping mission comprising a mix of military, police and substantive civilian components working together to implement a mandate from the Security Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/UN-Policy-on-Integrated-Assessment-and-Planning_FINAL_9-April-2013.pdf United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning, April 2013]&lt;/ref&gt; Multidimensional missions contrast with [[traditional mission|traditional missions]], which are primarily military operations with mandates focused on the monitoring of ceasefires. 

== See also ==
* [[Mission structures]]
* [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/peacekeeping-handbook_un_dec2003_0.pdf Handbook on United Nations Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations, December 2003]

== References ==</text>
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  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
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    <text bytes="4912" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the troop- or police-contributing country and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Contingent-owned equipment working group ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [http://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. 

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2017 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181018175002|54">
  <title>Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations</title>
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    <text bytes="1203" xml:space="preserve">The '''Convention''' defines the privileges and immunities of the United Nations, its personnel and its assets. It stems from Article 105 of the United Nations Charter, which specifies that:

# The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes.
# Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.
# The General Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the United Nations for this purpose.

As of 2018, the Convention has been ratified by 162 Member States, a number of which have registered reservations with certain provisions of the Convention. The text of the convention and the reservations made by Member States are available on the UN Treaty Collection website: [https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?src=ind&amp;mtdsg_no=iii-1&amp;chapter=3 link].

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Fifth Committee</title>
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    <text bytes="11470" xml:space="preserve">The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat. As one of the six Main Committees, all UN Member States (193, as of this writing), are represented in the Committee, though as a matter of practice most Member States are represented through blocs such as the Group of 77 and China (G77), which consists of over 130 developing countries. Since the adoption of [http://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], the Committee has generally taken most decisions by consensus.

== Blocs ==

=== Group of 77 and China ===

Developing countries coordinate in the G77 format in intergovernmental bodies responsible for economic and financial issues (such as the Fifth Committee) and in the NAM format on bodies responsible for peace and security issues. The primary difference in membership is that many large Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, are members of the G77 but not the NAM. 

The G77 adopts a common position on nearly all Fifth Committee issues, with two notable exceptions: peacekeeping mission budgets and issues pertaining to the permanent members of the Security Council. On peacekeeping mission budgets, the African Group negotiates as a bloc, while other G77 members negotiate in their national capacity. 

Leadership of the G77 rotates on an annual basis, and the Chair is responsible for coordinating G77 positions as well as delivering common statements of position on behalf of the Group. 

=== Major Financial Contributors ===
Major financial contributors refer to themselves as the "like-minded group" and are referred to as "the partners" by the G77 and China. 

==== European Union ====
The Member States of the European Union generally adopt a common position on Fifth Committee matters. Since the adoption of resolution 65/276 on the participation of the European Union in the work of the United Nations in May 2011, the positions of EU Member States are jointly coordinated by (and its negotiation “burden-sharing” teams are jointly led by) the EU Delegation and the delegation holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 

==== CANZ ====
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand generally adopt a common position and negotiate in a bloc referred to as CANZ.  

==== JUSCANZ ====
The informal JUSCANZ alignment of Japan, the United States, CANZ, and Israel  is sometimes used in the Fifth Committee for coordination purposes.

=== Other delegations active in the Fifth Committee ===
* Norway 
* Switzerland
* Russia 
* Mexico

== Process ==
Below is an explanation of the Fifth Committee negotiation process.
 
=== Website ===

The Fifth Committee website is available at [http://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/ www.un.org/en/ga/fifth] and includes invaluable information, including contact information for the Bureau and Secretariat, the program of work (i.e. schedule of meetings), the text of statements delivered in Committee, and resolutions. 

=== Bureau === 
The Bureau of the Fifth Committee consists of the Chair, three Vice-Chairs, and one Rapporteur elected by the Committee; each of the five regional groups has one representative on the Bureau. The Bureau is responsible for setting the program of work  for the Committee and deciding on issues of process. By convention, the five permanent members of the Security Council never seek election to the office of PGA or to the Chair or Vice-Chair of any of the six Main Committees of the General Assembly.	

=== Secretariat ===
The Secretariat of the Fifth Committee, technically part of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Management, consists of UN staff members responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the Committee. They are led by the Secretary of the Committee (who also serves as the Secretary of the Committee on Program and Coordination), who supports the Chair of the Committee and who attends Bureau meetings, and include a Deputy Secretary and a number of officers who provide administrative support for negotiations on each of the individual agenda items assigned to the Committee, including activities such as managing the list of speakers, compiling draft resolutions, and serving as an impartial resource on the rules of procedure and working methods of the Committee.

=== Coordinators === 
Coordinators are Fifth Committee delegates who are responsible for facilitating the negotiations on individual agenda items. In selecting coordinators, the Bureau generally tries to ensure that coordinators for the key issues in each session are balanced between the G77 and like-minded delegations.  

It is extremely rare, but not unprecedented, for permanent members of the Security Council to serve as coordinators. 

=== Organization of Work ===
The Fifth Committee meets three times a year. The main part of its session runs from October through December, the first part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in March, and the second part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in May (though the Committee generally does not complete its work until June). Issues pertaining to the biennial [[programme budget]] (i.e. the “regular budget”), which runs from 1 January of the first year through 31 December of the second, and general management policy issues are generally handled during the main session. Non time-bound management policy issues (and overflow from the main session) are generally tackled during the first resumed session. Issues related to the [[peacekeeping financing|financing of peacekeeping operations]] are handled during the second resumed session, as the peacekeeping financial period runs from 1 July to 30 June. 

The first meeting of any session begins with a formal meeting on the Organization of Work to approve the agenda and provisional program of work. Groups and delegations generally also use this meeting to deliver statements complaining about the late issuance of documents or to identify their priorities for the session. 

=== Negotiation process ===
Negotiations on each draft resolution is based on one or more reports submitted by the Secretary-General and/or a body such as the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the [[Board of Auditors]], the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], the [[International Civil Service Commission]], the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]], the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] or the [[programme budget|Committee on Programme and Coordination]]. The specific practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on these reports is outlined in a [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|separate article]].

Because the Fifth Committee takes decisions by consensus, draft resolutions are generally not sponsored by individual delegations but are submitted on behalf of the Committee by the Chair. The process of negotiating resolutions is outlined below.

; Formal introduction of an agenda item
: Discussion of an agenda item in the Fifth Committee begins with a formal meeting chaired by a member of the Bureau in which a senior UN official—usually from the Department of Management—presents the report of the Secretary-General by providing a brief summary of the report. This is then followed by a presentation of the related report of the ACABQ by either the Chair or Vice-Chair of the ACABQ. Groups and delegations then have an opportunity to make statements for the record on the agenda item. 
: Member States speaking on behalf of groups (e.g. the G77, its constituent regional groups, or CANZ) always speak first, followed by the EU Delegation on behalf of the EU Member States, and then individual delegations in the order they appear on the list of speakers. 
: Formal meetings of all Main Committees are open and webcast on [http://webtv.un.org WebTV]. 

; Q&amp;A
: Following formal introduction of an agenda item, the Committee then meets in informal consultations chaired by the coordinator of the agenda item. The first stage of informal consultations are the Q&amp;A, in which members of the Committee have the opportunity to ask questions of representatives of the Secretariat about the issue at hand. Responses can be requested in writing.
	 
; Skeleton and language submission 
: Once Q&amp;A has been exhausted, the coordinator will circulate what is generally referred to as the “skeleton” or “rev. 0” of the draft resolution, which contains the standard paragraphs required to take a decision on the basis of the ACABQ recommendation (the default course of action). The coordinator will also set a language submission deadline. Delegations have until the deadline to submit additional paragraphs for the draft resolution, after which all of submissions are compiled into the “rev. 1” text. During the first informal consultation following the language submission deadline, each delegation is given an opportunity to present their language submission; this can be as detailed or cursory as the presenting delegate wishes. 	

; First reading 
: Once all language proposals have been submitted and introduced, the Committee undertakes a first reading of the rev. 1 text, going paragraph by paragraph. This is an opportunity for delegations to ask factual or grammatical questions about the language proposals either to the proponent of the language or to the Secretariat. 

; Second reading
: Once the first reading is completed, the Committee then starts again from the top with the second reading. For each paragraph, the coordinator will ask whether the paragraph can be adopted ad referendum. Although it is technically true that all agreements are provisional and that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, it is generally considered a sign of bad faith to re-open a paragraph after it has been adopted ad ref. Any delegations with objections to a paragraph can request that it be “bracketed”, and any delegation can withdraw or amend any paragraph they proposed. At the end of the second reading, delegates generally try to work offline in order to craft amendments or compromise proposals in order to overcome objections. The process then iterates through a third reading (and more, if necessary) until all remaining paragraphs have been agreed. 

; Chair’s text 
: If the Committee is stuck, the coordinator and/or Chair may submit a compromise proposal as an attempt to bridge the gap. 
 
; Adoption
: Once a draft resolution as a whole has been agreed to in informal consultations (i.e. adopted informally), the Chair then formally submits it to the Secretariat on behalf of the Committee. The Secretariat then issues it as an L-document for action by the Committee during a formal session. After the Committee approves the draft resolution, the text is included verbatim in a Report of the Fifth Committee to the General Assembly for adoption by a plenary session of the General Assembly, after which it is assigned a resolution number. 

; No consensus
: If the Committee is unable to reach consensus on an issue, it often defers consideration to a subsequent session. In exceptional circumstances, delegations have tabled draft resolutions as L-documents (or threatened to do so) to force a decision on a deadlocked issue.

== See also ==
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="1194" xml:space="preserve">The '''High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations''', or '''HIPPO''', was established by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in 2014 to to "take a comprehensive look at how United Nations peace operations could continue to contribute to the prevention and resolution of conflicts and be best designed and equipped to deal with the challenges of tomorrow". 

== Relevant documents ==
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/95 Report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (A/70/95–S/2015/446)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/357 Implementation of the HIPPO report: Report of the Secretary-General (A/70/357–S/2015/682)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/6 General Assembly resolution 70/6 of 3 November 2015] 
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/19 Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (A/70/19)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/268 General Assembly resolution 70/268 of 14 June 2016]
* [http://undocs.org/s/prst/2015/22 Statement by the President of the Security Council on 25 November 2015 (S/PRST/2015/22)]

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[Support to African Union peace support operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Integrated mission</title>
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    <text bytes="1313" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is one in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]
* [https://undg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/UN-Policy-on-Integrated-Assessment-and-Planning_FINAL_9-April-2013.pdf United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning, April 2013]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1370" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is one in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387408 United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning] (April 2013)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387407 Integrated Assessment and Planning Handbook] (December 2013)

== See also ==
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>Memorandum of understanding</title>
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    <text bytes="6544" xml:space="preserve">A '''memorandum of understanding''' (MOU) is an agreement between two parties. In the context of peacekeeping operations, the term generally refers to the agreement between a troop- or police-contributing country and the United Nations with regard to the personnel, major equipment and self-sustainment capability to be deployed as part of a single military or police contingent to a specific peacekeeping mission. 

== Model memorandum of understanding ==

MOUs are based on the model MOU agreed by the General Assembly; there are separate MOUs for military contingents and police contingents because of the different [[categories of personnel|legal status]] of troops and members of [[formed police units]]. The text of the model MOU is contained in the [[contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]].

== Key elements of the MOU ==
The MOU sets forth the responsibilities of the United Nations and the contributing country. In addition to addressing contributions of personnel and equipment and the associated [[reimbursement]] and support, the MOU also spells out responsibilities related to conduct, discipline, investigations and accountability. These latter elements are relevant in cases of misconduct, such as allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].

Specific issues relevant to deployment, such as reimbursement rates and standards, as well as copies of relevant policy documents are appended to the MOU in annexes. The annexes currently appended to MOUs (since 1 July 2017) are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Military annex 
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | FPU annex
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Description
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| A
| A
| Personnel
| Includes appendix on individual kit of soldiers and FPU members, respectively
|-
| B
| B
| Major equipment
| 
|-
| C
| C
| Self-sustainment
| 
|-
| D
| D
| Principles of verification and performance standards for major equipment
| 
|-
| E
| E
| Principles of verification and performance standards for self-sustainment
| 
|-
| F
| F
| Principles of verification and performance standards for medical support
| 
|-
| G
| G
| [[Statement of unit requirement]]
| 
|-
| H
| H
| Definitions
| 
|-
| I
| 
| Guidelines for troop-contributing countries
| 
|-
| 
| I
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/13 Bulletin on observance by United Nations forces of international humanitarian law]
| 
|-
| 
| J
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 Regulations governing the status, basic rights and duties of officials other than Secretariat officials and experts on mission]
| 
|-
| 
| K
| Guidelines for formed police units on assignment with peace operations
| 
|-
| 
| L
| Directives for disciplinary matters involving civilian police officers and military observers
| Establishes procedures to be followed for breaches of conduct by civilian police officers and military observers
|-
| J
| M
| We are United Nations peacekeeping personnel
| Code of conduct for peacekeepers distributed to each soldier and police officer
|-
| K
| N
| Environmental policy for United Nations field missions
| 
|}

== Historical overview ==
The MOU began as the "Contribution Agreement" setting out the respective responsibilities of the United Nations and a troop-contributing countries. In the 2000s, the MOU underwent significant development following revelations of significant number of allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] against peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Fourth Committee (through the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]), the Fifth Committee (through the [[Contingent-Owned Equipment|COE Working Group]]) and the Sixth Committee have all played roles in the development of the MOU as it currently exists today. 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]] report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | COE manual
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|ACABQ]] report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E]
| 17 June 1997
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/995 A/50/995]
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/646 A/51/646]
| SG report contains proposed text of Contribution Agreement
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/967 A/51/967], [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.1 Corr.1] and [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.2 Corr.2]
| [http://undocs.org/a/52/410 A/52/410]
| SG report contains revised model Contribution Agreement, now called the model MOU
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/57/314 57/314]
| 18 June 2003
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/56/939 A/56/939]
| [http://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772]
| SG report requests GA approval of model MOU; includes MOU process map
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/300 59/300]
| 22 June 2005
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/19/rev.1 A/59/19/Rev.1]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 39 of part 2
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/263 60/263]
| 6 June 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19 A/60/19]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 74
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/289 60/289]
| 8 September 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19/add.1 A/60/19/Add.1]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraphs 5 and 8
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/29 61/29]
| 4 December 2006
| 
| 
| 
| 
| Resolution on criminal accountability; took note of recommendation of Group of Legal Experts ([http://undocs.org/a/60/980 A/60/980], para 65) to establish separate MOUs for military and police
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
| 
| 
| 2005 COE Manual; chapter 9 was basis for negotiation by ad hoc group of experts
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/267B 61/267B]
| 24 July 2007
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/19/Rev.1 A/61/19/Rev.1]
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/494 A/61/494]
| 
| Resolution approved amendments to model MOU. A/61/494 is an SG report to C-34
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
| 
| 
| 2008 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
| 
| 
| 2011 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
| 
| 
| 2014 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
| 
| 
| 2017 COE Manual
|}

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Multidimensional mission</title>
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    <text bytes="835" xml:space="preserve">A '''multidimensional mission''' is a peacekeeping mission comprising a mix of military, police and substantive civilian components working together to implement a mandate from the Security Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/UN-Policy-on-Integrated-Assessment-and-Planning_FINAL_9-April-2013.pdf United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning, April 2013]&lt;/ref&gt; Multidimensional missions contrast with [[traditional mission|traditional missions]], which are primarily military operations with mandates focused on the monitoring of ceasefires. 

== See also ==
* [[Mission structures]]
* [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/peacekeeping-handbook_un_dec2003_0.pdf Handbook on United Nations Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations, December 2003]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="853" xml:space="preserve">A '''multidimensional mission''' is a peacekeeping mission comprising a mix of military, police and substantive civilian components working together to implement a mandate from the Security Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/UN-Policy-on-Integrated-Assessment-and-Planning_FINAL_9-April-2013.pdf United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning, April 2013]&lt;/ref&gt; Multidimensional missions contrast with [[traditional mission|traditional missions]], which are primarily military operations with mandates focused on the monitoring of ceasefires. 

== Documents ==
* [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/peacekeeping-handbook_un_dec2003_0.pdf Handbook on United Nations Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations] (December 2003)

== See also ==
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports</title>
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    <text bytes="8414" xml:space="preserve">The '''[[Fifth Committee]]''' has developed different practices when taking action on reports submitted by different individuals or bodies. The below is adapted from a working document maintained by the Secretariat of the Fifth Committee.

=== Reports of the Secretary-General ===
When the General Assembly “takes note” of reports of the Secretary-General or recommendations contained in these reports this means that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.
The General Assembly traditionally either “takes note”, or “takes note with appreciation” or “welcomes” reports of the Secretary-General. By doing so the Assembly is effectively indicating that it has seen these reports and that they are no longer on the list of documents to be considered by the Assembly.

=== Reports of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] (ACABQ) === 
It is the practice of the General Assembly to “endorse” the recommendations contained in the reports of the ACABQ, usually “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. This effectively means that the Assembly agrees with all of the observations and recommendations contained in bold in the Advisory Committee’s reports, and where it does not agree the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse.
Since the report of the Advisory Committee is endorsed overall, when the Assembly “takes note” of a particular paragraph of the Advisory Committee’s report, this indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.

=== Reports of the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]] (OIOS) === 
When the General Assembly “takes note” of an OIOS report, which contains the comments of the Secretary-General, the Assembly is effectively requesting the Secretary-General to implement the recommendations of OIOS, taking into account the comments of the Secretary-General’s. As a result, “takes note” is equal to “endorsement” of the report but any departure from the comments of the Secretary-General would need to be clearly articulated in the resolution.

=== Recommendations of the [[Board of Auditors]] (BOA) === 
The General Assembly usually “accepts” the financial report and audited financial statements of the BOA and normally “approves” the recommendations and conclusions contained in the Board’s reports, in their entirety. In cases where the Assembly cannot reach agreement on specific recommendations of the BOA, rather than single out these specific sections, it has been the practice of the General Assembly to recall previous relevant resolutions relating to the substance of the issue under discussion (for example on human resources). It is then the understanding that the Secretary-General should not implement those recommendations. 
The General Assembly does not make direct requests to the BOA. In accordance with article VII, regulation 7.7 of the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations, the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions may request the BOA to perform certain specific examinations and issue separate reports on the results. Therefore the General Assembly may request the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions to request the BOA to undertake particular action.

=== Reports of the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] (IAAC) === 
It is the understanding of the Fifth Committee (see Summary Records of 28th meeting of the sixty-third session – (A/C.5/63/SR.28) that if the Committee “takes note” of recommendations of the IAAC related to the Office of Internal Oversight Services it agrees with these recommendations and will then further request the Secretary-General to implement them.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to subjects other than the Office of Internal Oversight Services then the Committee considers these in the context of General Assembly decision 55/488, whereby “takes note” indicates that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.

It is the understanding of the Committee that observations and recommendations of the IAAC relating to the review of the mandate of the Office of Internal Oversight Services will be “endorsed” and, if modified by the Fifth Committee, this will be “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. As with reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, where the Committee does not agree with a recommendation of the IAAC the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse by using “takes note” of a particular paragraph. This indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to the budget of the Office of Internal Oversight Services, these will be submitted through the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the Committee will decide on these recommendations in the context of the ACABQ’s recommendations on the proposals.

=== Reports of the [[Joint Inspection Unit]] (JIU) === 
; Annual report and programme of work of the JIU
: The Annual Report of the Joint Inspection Unit along with its programme of work for the coming year is presented annually to the General Assembly at the Fifth Committee’s first resumed session (resolution 61/260). The Assembly “takes note (usually with appreciation) of the JIU’s annual report.

; Reports of the JIU
: According to Article 11.4 (d) of the Statute of the JIU, the Secretary-General can present his comments in an addendum to the JIU report, where he will indicate how he intends to address the recommendations. In cases where recommendations of the JIU require policy decisions by the General Assembly these will require action in the relevant resolution to “request the Secretary-General to implement.”

=== Reports of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] (ICSC) ===
When considering the reports of the International Civil Service Commission, the General Assembly “takes note” of the report and of any decisions that are within the competence of the Commission (such as to keep under its review particular questions). Any decisions or recommendations of the ICSC that require action by the General Assembly, for example regarding remuneration or increases to allowances, the General Assembly, if it agrees, will “approve” the ICSC’s recommendations.

=== Reports of the [[United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board]] (UNJSPF) ===
The General Assembly “takes note” of the report of the Pension Board and the information it contains. In the case of proposals or recommendations by the Board that require decision of the Assembly, such as any proposed changes to regulations or provisions of the Pension Fund, the General Assembly will “approve”.

In addition, the Secretary-General prepares a report on the administrative and financial implications of any decisions by the UN Joint Staff Pension Board. This report is considered by the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the General Assembly will therefore also “endorse” the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee (see above).

=== Reports of the [[Committee on Contributions]] (COC) ===
The General Assembly will consider the reports of the Committee on Contributions in its preamblular part i.e. “having considered”. Where there are specific observations or recommendations in the Committee’s report that the General Assembly approves, it will “endorse” the relevant section or paragraph in the report.

=== Reports of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] (CPC) ===
The General Assembly “endorses” the conclusions and recommendations of the Committee for Programme and Coordination contained in each chapter of its report. If the Assembly does not agree with any recommendation or conclusion of the Committee this will be reflected in the resolution (for example further changes to the Strategic Framework – see the Annex to resolution 61/235). Any additional requests or decisions by the Assembly will be contained in the text of the draft resolution.

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="6619" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Rates !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| || [http://undocs.org/a/73/350 A/73/350] || 2019-2021	|| Effective rates pending adoption of General Assembly resolution
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246] || [http://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1] || 2016-2018	|| Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman treated as level C; Saudi Arabia treated as level C for 2018 only
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239] || [http://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1] || 2013-2015	|| Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman treated as level C
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249] || [http://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1] || 2010-2012	|| Bahamas and Bahrain treated as level C
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243] || [http://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256] || [http://undocs.org/a/58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/236] || [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1] || 2001-2003	|| New system of discounts established
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
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    <text bytes="2687" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping overview report. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Quick-impact projects</title>
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    <text bytes="4995" xml:space="preserve">'''Quick-impact projects''' ('''QIPs''') are activities of a mission intended to build confidence in a mission and its mandate. Inclusion of funding for QIPs in [[Peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping mission budgets]] was first proposed in the [[Brahimi report]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809 Report on the panel on United Nations peace operations]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in section XVIII of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] of 29 June 2007, provided the following guidance on the use of QIPs:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
4. Recognizes that, in accordance with the purpose of such projects, that is, that they be used by United Nations peacekeeping operations to establish and build confidence in individual missions, their  mandates and  the  peace  process, thereby improving  the  environment  for  effective mandate implementation, they should be executed by the missions to the extent possible and that, in instances when they are implemented by partners, steps should be taken to ensure that the missions are given due recognition; 
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Emphasizes that quick-impact projects should be implemented with minimal  or  no  overhead  charges  in  order  to  ensure  that  the  maximum  amount  is  spent for the direct benefit of the local population; 
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Recognizes that funding for quick-impact projects for the third year of a mission  and  beyond  may  be  requested  if  there  is  a  requirement  for  confidence-building activities, in which case a needs assessment should be conducted; 
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Emphasizes   the   importance   of   coordination   with   humanitarian   and   development partners in order to avoid duplication and overlap of activities between missions and humanitarian and development partners in the field; 
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Stresses  that  mission  budgets  allocated  for  quick-impact  projects  should  not  be  used  to  finance  humanitarian  and  development  activities  already  being  carried out by United Nations agencies or other international organizations; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

During the 67th session, concern over the continued request for QIP funding in UNMIK, a mission established 14 years earlier, led the General Assembly to reject the requested funds as QIPs funding but approved it under a separate "confidence-building projects" line item.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution 67/276 of 28 June 2013, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

== Secretariat policy ==
In response to the request for the Secretariat to issue a QIP policy in [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 and on the basis of the guidance provided in resolution 61/276, [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|DPKO]] and [[Department of Field Support|DFS]] issued a policy on QIPs that established a maximum ceiling of $25,000 for each project and a timeline for implementation of three months. Following a 2011 lessons-learned exercise, a revised policy was issued in 2013 that doubled both the threshold and the maximum ceiling for projects. 

The policy specified that funding for QIPs may constitute up to 1 per-cent of the mission budget and should only be included in the budget request for the start-up phase and the first two years of a mission. Requests for the third year and beyond should only be made if there is a requirement for confidence-building activities.&lt;ref&gt;2012.21 DPKO–DFS Policy on Quick-Impact Projects&lt;/ref&gt;

In peacekeeping missions, QIPs are generally managed by civil affairs components. Guidelines for the planning and management of QIPs is included in the DPKO–DFS [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/civil_affairs_handbook.pdf Civil Affairs Handbook], issued in 2012. 

== Funding levels ==
The amounts for QIPs approved by the General Assembly for each financial period are summarized in the summary table of [[approved resources for peacekeeping operations]] issued by the Secretariat.

== Oversight body recommendations ==
The Office of Internal Oversight Services occasionally performs audits of QIPs in individual missions. The resulting audit reports are published on the [https://oios.un.org/page?slug=report OIOS website].

The Board of Auditors, in its annual report on peacekeeping operations, occasionally focuses on QIPs. In its report for the 2014/15 financial period&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/5(Vol.II) A/70/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors&lt;/ref&gt; identified delays in the selection and approval of projects, delay in the release of funds, delay in the execution and completion of projects and inadequate monitoring and review, which prompted an internal review of QIPs management and the development of mission-specific standard operating procedures.&lt;ref&gt;DPKO–DFS cable 2733 (14 December 2015): Enhancement of the effective and efficient implementation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) in peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4964" xml:space="preserve">'''Quick-impact projects''' ('''QIPs''') are activities of a mission intended to build confidence in a mission and its mandate. Inclusion of funding for QIPs in [[Peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping mission budgets]] was first proposed in the [[Brahimi report]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809 Report on the panel on United Nations peace operations]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in section XVIII of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] of 29 June 2007, provided the following guidance on the use of QIPs:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
4. Recognizes that, in accordance with the purpose of such projects, that is, that they be used by United Nations peacekeeping operations to establish and build confidence in individual missions, their  mandates and  the  peace  process, thereby improving  the  environment  for  effective mandate implementation, they should be executed by the missions to the extent possible and that, in instances when they are implemented by partners, steps should be taken to ensure that the missions are given due recognition; 
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Emphasizes that quick-impact projects should be implemented with minimal  or  no  overhead  charges  in  order  to  ensure  that  the  maximum  amount  is  spent for the direct benefit of the local population; 
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Recognizes that funding for quick-impact projects for the third year of a mission  and  beyond  may  be  requested  if  there  is  a  requirement  for  confidence-building activities, in which case a needs assessment should be conducted; 
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Emphasizes   the   importance   of   coordination   with   humanitarian   and   development partners in order to avoid duplication and overlap of activities between missions and humanitarian and development partners in the field; 
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Stresses  that  mission  budgets  allocated  for  quick-impact  projects  should  not  be  used  to  finance  humanitarian  and  development  activities  already  being  carried out by United Nations agencies or other international organizations; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

During the 67th session, concern over the continued request for QIP funding in UNMIK, a mission established 14 years earlier, led the General Assembly to reject the requested funds as QIPs funding but approved it under a separate "confidence-building projects" line item.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution 67/276 of 28 June 2013, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

== Secretariat policy ==
In response to the request for the Secretariat to issue a QIP policy in [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 and on the basis of the guidance provided in resolution 61/276, [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|DPKO]] and [[Department of Field Support|DFS]] issued a policy on QIPs that established a maximum ceiling of $25,000 for each project and a timeline for implementation of three months. Following a 2011 lessons-learned exercise, a revised policy was issued in 2013 that doubled both the threshold and the maximum ceiling for projects. 

The policy specified that funding for QIPs may constitute up to 1 per-cent of the mission budget and should only be included in the budget request for the start-up phase and the first two years of a mission. Requests for the third year and beyond should only be made if there is a requirement for confidence-building activities.&lt;ref&gt;2012.21 DPKO–DFS Policy on Quick-Impact Projects&lt;/ref&gt;

In peacekeeping missions, QIPs are generally managed by civil affairs components. Guidelines for the planning and management of QIPs is included in the DPKO–DFS [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/89916 Civil Affairs Handbook], issued in 2012. 

== Funding levels ==
The amounts for QIPs approved by the General Assembly for each financial period are summarized in the summary table of [[approved resources for peacekeeping operations]] issued by the Secretariat.

== Oversight body recommendations ==
The Office of Internal Oversight Services occasionally performs audits of QIPs in individual missions. The resulting audit reports are published on the [https://oios.un.org/page?slug=report OIOS website].

The Board of Auditors, in its annual report on peacekeeping operations, occasionally focuses on QIPs. In its report for the 2014/15 financial period&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/5(Vol.II) A/70/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors&lt;/ref&gt; identified delays in the selection and approval of projects, delay in the release of funds, delay in the execution and completion of projects and inadequate monitoring and review, which prompted an internal review of QIPs management and the development of mission-specific standard operating procedures.&lt;ref&gt;DPKO–DFS cable 2733 (14 December 2015): Enhancement of the effective and efficient implementation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) in peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5323" xml:space="preserve">'''Quick-impact projects''' ('''QIPs''') are activities of a mission intended to build confidence in a mission and its mandate. Inclusion of funding for QIPs in [[Peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping mission budgets]] was first proposed in the [[Brahimi report]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809 Report on the panel on United Nations peace operations]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in section XVIII of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] of 29 June 2007, provided the following guidance on the use of QIPs:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
4. Recognizes that, in accordance with the purpose of such projects, that is, that they be used by United Nations peacekeeping operations to establish and build confidence in individual missions, their  mandates and  the  peace  process, thereby improving  the  environment  for  effective mandate implementation, they should be executed by the missions to the extent possible and that, in instances when they are implemented by partners, steps should be taken to ensure that the missions are given due recognition; 
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Emphasizes that quick-impact projects should be implemented with minimal  or  no  overhead  charges  in  order  to  ensure  that  the  maximum  amount  is  spent for the direct benefit of the local population; 
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Recognizes that funding for quick-impact projects for the third year of a mission  and  beyond  may  be  requested  if  there  is  a  requirement  for  confidence-building activities, in which case a needs assessment should be conducted; 
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Emphasizes   the   importance   of   coordination   with   humanitarian   and   development partners in order to avoid duplication and overlap of activities between missions and humanitarian and development partners in the field; 
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Stresses  that  mission  budgets  allocated  for  quick-impact  projects  should  not  be  used  to  finance  humanitarian  and  development  activities  already  being  carried out by United Nations agencies or other international organizations; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

During the 67th session, concern over the continued request for QIP funding in UNMIK, a mission established 14 years earlier, led the General Assembly to reject the requested funds as QIPs funding but approved it under a separate "confidence-building projects" line item.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution 67/276 of 28 June 2013, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

== Secretariat policy ==
In response to the request for the Secretariat to issue a QIP policy in [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 and on the basis of the guidance provided in resolution 61/276, [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|DPKO]] and [[Department of Field Support|DFS]] issued a policy on QIPs that established a maximum ceiling of $25,000 for each project and a timeline for implementation of three months. Following a 2011 lessons-learned exercise, a revised policy was issued in 2013 that doubled both the threshold and the maximum ceiling for projects. The policy specified that funding for QIPs may constitute up to 1 per-cent of the mission budget and should only be included in the budget request for the start-up phase and the first two years of a mission. Requests for the third year and beyond should only be made if there is a requirement for confidence-building activities.&lt;ref&gt;2012.21 DPKO–DFS Policy on Quick-Impact Projects&lt;/ref&gt; The most recent QIP policy and guidelines were issued in 2017. 

In peacekeeping missions, QIPs are generally managed by civil affairs components. Guidelines for the planning and management of QIPs is included in the DPKO–DFS [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/89916 Civil Affairs Handbook], issued in 2012. 

== Funding levels ==
The amounts for QIPs approved by the General Assembly for each financial period are summarized in the summary table of [[approved resources for peacekeeping operations]] issued by the Secretariat.

== Oversight body recommendations ==
The Office of Internal Oversight Services occasionally performs audits of QIPs in individual missions. The resulting audit reports are published on the [https://oios.un.org/page?slug=report OIOS website].

The Board of Auditors, in its annual report on peacekeeping operations, occasionally focuses on QIPs. In its report for the 2014/15 financial period&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/5(Vol.II) A/70/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors&lt;/ref&gt; identified delays in the selection and approval of projects, delay in the release of funds, delay in the execution and completion of projects and inadequate monitoring and review, which prompted an internal review of QIPs management and the development of mission-specific standard operating procedures.&lt;ref&gt;DPKO–DFS cable 2733 (14 December 2015): Enhancement of the effective and efficient implementation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) in peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== Documents ==
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400678 2017.16 DPKO–DFS Policy on Quick Impact Projects]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400679 2017.17 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Quick Impact Projects]
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/89916 2012.02 DPKO–DFS Civil Affairs Handbook]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
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    <text bytes="2315" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 72/199] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peacekeeping Operations on 1 January 2019.

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="7832" xml:space="preserve">The scales of assessments determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN regular programme buget. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations.

Regular budget scale of assessments
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

== Process ==
Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the General Assembly considers two resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first has to do with providing waivers to Member States falling afoul of Article 19 of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates, the outcome of the negotiations is a resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, the resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session. 

== Methodology ==
The current methodology determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars. Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
== Other proposals ==
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Assessment of non-Member States ==
Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed an amount equivalent to half of what their share would be if they were a Member State. This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| 			|| [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]		|| 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245]		|| [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11]		|| 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238]		|| [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11]		|| 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11]	|| 2010-2012	|| Russia unsuccessfully proposed amendment. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11]	|| 2007-2009	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11]	|| 2004-2006	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11]	|| 2001-2003	||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7959" xml:space="preserve">The scales of assessments determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN regular programme buget. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations.

Regular budget scale of assessments
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

== Process ==
Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the General Assembly considers two resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first has to do with providing waivers to Member States falling afoul of Article 19 of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates, the outcome of the negotiations is a resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, the resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session. 

== Methodology ==
The current methodology determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars. Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
== Other proposals ==
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Assessment of non-Member States ==
Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed an amount equivalent to half of what their share would be if they were a Member State. This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| 			|| [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]		|| 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245]		|| [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11]		|| 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238]		|| [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11]		|| 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11]	|| 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11]	|| 2007-2009	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11]	|| 2004-2006	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11]	|| 2001-2003	||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="8971" xml:space="preserve">The scales of assessments determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN regular programme buget. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

== Process ==
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to Article 19 of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

== Methodology ==
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
== Other proposals ==
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Assessment of non-Member States ==
Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;
This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The report of the COC is issued each year 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| 			|| [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]		|| 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245]		|| [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11]		|| 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238]		|| [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11]		|| 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11]	|| 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11]	|| 2007-2009	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11]	|| 2004-2006	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F]		|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11]	|| 2001-2003	||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Management reform</title>
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    <text bytes="4185" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and delegation to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B 72/266B] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===

During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the comparative assessment of human resources structures ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) will be considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] during the main part of its session (OCt-Dec 2018). 

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="8462" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China became the 34th member of the Committee, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C-34". The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.   

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2018, there were 153 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/2018/INF/3&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| 		First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| 		Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>394d7e9f43502e164e57b4974e644bf5509fffec</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Special political missions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <id>117</id>
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    <text bytes="8961" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA) and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI) ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st and 72nd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the agenda item under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

Over the years, the Fourth Committee has considered a number of reports submitted under this agenda item, as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Summary records !! Resolution 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] of 11 December 2013 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] of 5 December 2014 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] of 9 December 2015
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] of 6 December 2016
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] of 7 December 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337] ||  || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>7e10aa38a3a40bdd20fc2cd5181079c4ef3403d6</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>148</id>
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    <text bytes="9124" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI) and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD) ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st and 72nd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the agenda item under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

Over the years, the Fourth Committee has considered a number of reports submitted under this agenda item, as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Summary records !! Resolution 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] of 11 December 2013 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] of 5 December 2014 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] of 9 December 2015
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] of 6 December 2016
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] of 7 December 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337] ||  || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Status of forces agreement</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="438" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping operation has a '''status of forces agreement''' (SOFA) that sets out the legal agreement between the host government and the United Nations, including on the application of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]]. Before the conclusion of a SOFA, the Security Council may specify that the model SOFA, contained in [http://undocs.org/a/45/594 A/45/594], shall apply.

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
    <sha1>e297e071ef4775c3635b5605665776cb6eb7263b</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <text bytes="1826" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping operation has a '''status of forces agreement''' (SOFA) that sets out the legal agreement between the host government and the United Nations, including on the application of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]]. Before the conclusion of a SOFA, the Security Council may specify that the model SOFA, contained in [http://undocs.org/a/45/594 A/45/594], shall apply.&lt;ref&gt;The standard practice of the Security Council is to request the conclusion of a SOFA within 30 days of the adoption of the resolution establishing a mission and to decide that "pending the conclusion of such an agreement, the model SOFA agreement of 9 October 1990 (A/45/594) shall apply provisionally". See, for example, resolutions [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] (MINUSCA), [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] (MINUSMA), [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2043(2012) 2043 (2012)] (UNSMIS) and [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] (UNMISS)&lt;/ref&gt;

The SOFA states, ''inter alia'', that:
* Members of the UN peacekeeping mission shall be immune from legal process in respect of words spoken or written and all acts performed by them in their official capacity. 
* Military members of the military component of the UN peacekeeping operation shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their participating States in respect of any criminal offences which may be committed by them in (the host country/territory). Specific responsibilities with regard to exercise of jurisdiction are specified in the [[memorandum of understanding]] signed by a troop-contributing country with the United Nations for each unit deployed to a peacekeeping mission. 

== See also ==
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Categories of personnel]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>United Nations reform</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>19</id>
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    <parentid>44</parentid>
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    <text bytes="2782" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) 
: Established the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]].
* '''The [[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid Report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* [[Civilian Capacity Review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
: Proposed measures to improve United Nations approaches to peacebuilding
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Main Page</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="950" xml:space="preserve">casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. This is not an official United Nations website, but has been built as a resource for those working in or with peacekeeping missions on the nuts and bolts of peacekeeping operations and the Secretariat.

=== Featured pages (Fall 2018) ===
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Scale of assessments]] and [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations|Management reform]]

=== Subject indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>c657f64001cd74fab00381358e4a54d5ceddc082</sha1>
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    <text bytes="975" xml:space="preserve">casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. This is not an official United Nations website, but has been built as a resource for those working in or with peacekeeping missions on the nuts and bolts of peacekeeping operations and the Secretariat.

=== Featured pages (Fall 2018) ===
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Scale of assessments]] and [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations|Management reform]]

=== Indexes ===
[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Administrative issuance</title>
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    <text bytes="7066" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. Although regulations require approval by the General Assembly, rules are issued by the Secretary-General under his/her own authority, though changes to the rules are communicated to the General Assembly. 

Policies subordinate to the regulations and rules can be issued by the Secretary-General through administrative issuances, which can be formally issued in two forms. The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate decisions on policy. The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1] Index to administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

== Financial Regulations and Rules ==
The current version of the Financial Regulations and Rules is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013). 

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Under Regulation 5.8, the General Assembly provided the Secretary-General with the authority to "establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy".

=== Related documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules: 
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

=== Previous versions ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation ==
Because the formal title is such a mouthful, these are generally referred to by the acronym "'''PPBME'''". The current version of the PPBME is [https://st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016).

=== Previous versions ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/8 ST/SGB/2000/8] (issued 19 April 2000)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987) ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1] (issued March 1987) 

== Staff Regulations and Staff Rules ==
The current version of the Staff Regulations and Rules is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly."). The Secretary-General can issue staff rules and amendments to staff rules to implement the Staff Regulations, which are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

=== Related documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules

=== Previous versions === 
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission ==
The Regulations were issued as [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 '''ST/SGB/2002/9'''] (18 June 2002).

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1901" xml:space="preserve">Administrative policies are issued by the Secretary-General through the promulgation of '''administrative issuances''', which can be formally issued either as Secretary-General's bulletins (ST/SGB-series) or as administrative issuances (ST/AI-series). 

The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate the text of regulations and rules, to communicate decisions on policy and to provide information on the functions and organization of the Secretariat and its constituent entities. 

The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

An index of all administrative issuances is issued regularly. The most recent edition is [https://undocs.org/st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1].

== Key regulations and rules ==

The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. 

* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning|Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials|Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1901" xml:space="preserve">Administrative policies are issued by the Secretary-General through the promulgation of '''administrative issuances''', which can be formally issued either as Secretary-General's bulletins (ST/SGB-series) or as administrative issuances (ST/AI-series). 

The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate the text of regulations and rules, to communicate decisions on policy and to provide information on the functions and organization of the Secretariat and its constituent entities. 

The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

An index of all administrative issuances is issued regularly. The most recent edition is [https://undocs.org/st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1].

== Key regulations and rules ==

The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. 

* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning|Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials|Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2809" xml:space="preserve">== Financial Regulations and Rules ==
The current version of the Financial Regulations and Rules is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013). 

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Under Regulation 5.8, the General Assembly provided the Secretary-General with the authority to "establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy".

=== Related documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules: 
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

=== Previous versions ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2817" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013). 

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Under Regulation 5.8, the General Assembly provided the Secretary-General with the authority to "establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy".

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules: 
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning</title>
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    <text bytes="1128" xml:space="preserve">'''The Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation''' are generally referred to by the acronym "'''PPBME'''" because the full title is such a mouthful. The current version of the PPBME is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016).

As with all regulations, the PPBME regulations can only be issued or amended by decision of the General Assembly. With regards to the PPBME rules, under General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/207 53/207] of 18 December 1998, the Secretary-General is instructed to "bring them to the attention of the General Assembly through the Committee before promulgation" &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/207 53/207], section III paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/8 ST/SGB/2000/8] (issued 19 April 2000)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987) ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1] (issued March 1987)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2241" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The '''Staff Regulations''' are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly."). 

The Secretary-General can issue '''staff rules''' and amendments to the staff rules to implement the Staff Regulations, which are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2285" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The '''Staff Regulations''' are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly."). 

The Secretary-General can issue '''staff rules''' and amendments to the staff rules to implement the Staff Regulations, which are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2356" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The '''Staff Regulations''' are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly."). 

The Secretary-General can issue '''staff rules''' and amendments to the staff rules to implement the Staff Regulations, which are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials</title>
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    <text bytes="351" xml:space="preserve">The '''Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission''' were issued as [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 '''ST/SGB/2002/9'''] (18 June 2002).

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Categories of personnel]]

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Mission structures</title>
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    <text bytes="7370" xml:space="preserve">Many elements of '''mission structures''' are consistent across missions, though details of reporting lines and nomenclature can vary based on the specifics of the mandate. This page describes the functions and organization of the main structures in a [[multidimensional mission|multidimensional peacekeeping mission]]. 

== Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General ==
The SRSG is the head of mission and is usually the senior UN official in the country. For large field missions, the SRSG is an official of Under-Secretary-General (USG) rank, while in smaller missions the SRSG is often an official of Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) rank. 

=== Office of the Chief of Staff ===
* '''Joint Operations Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) situational awareness and supports mission crisis management.
* '''Joint Mission Analysis Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) integrated analysis and assessments in support of mission planning and decision-making.
* '''Strategic Planning Unit''': supports development of mission-wide planning documents. In most missions, the SPU also tracks the [[peacekeeping financing|results-based budgeting framework]]. 
* '''Board of Inquiry Unit''': supports mission boards of inquiry, which are convened when there are incidents involving death, serious injury or loss or damage to property. 
* '''Conduct and Discipline Team''': supports the Head of Mission on ensuring conduct and discipline in the mission, including in implementing measures to prevent [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].
* '''Legal''' 
* '''Field Office Coordination''': facilitates coordination between mission headquarters and mission offices at the state/region level. 
=== Security Section ===
Headed by a Chief Security Adviser. Often colloquially referred to as DSS, as the key officers are from the UN Department of Safety and Security (DSS). Responsible for ensuring the safety and security of all UN personnel (field mission and UN Country Team) and for supporting the SRSG in his/her role as the Designated Official (DO) responsible for the entire country under the UN Security Management System.
=== Public Information ===
The public information section is headed by the mission spokesperson and is responsible for strategic communications. In some missions, the mission operates a radio station (e.g. Radio Miraya in UNMISS); these are part of the public information section. 

== Substantive Component == 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (Political) ===
DSRSGs are deputies to the SRSG. One of the two deputies is generally responsible for issues related to the peace process or political situation. 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (RC/HC) ===
In [[integrated mission|structurally-integrated missions]], one of the two DSRSGs concurrently serves as the Resident Coordinator and, in some cases, also the Humanitarian Coordinator. 
=== Substantive offices === 
These are units reporting to one of the DSRSGs. With the exception of political affairs, which always reports to the DSRSG(P), the various units can report to either DSRSG depending on the specific mission.
* '''Political Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with government and political processes 
* '''Civil Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with communities and local authorities
* '''Electoral Affairs'''
* '''Human Rights''' 
* '''Child Protection'''
* '''Women’s Protection'''
* '''Security Sector Reform'''
* '''Rule of Law/Justice and Corrections'''
* '''Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration'''
* '''Mine Action'''

== Military Component ==
The military component in a multidimensional mission is headed by the '''Force Commander'''. The military component can consist of different types of military personnel, including troops, military staff officers, military observers and military liaison officers. 
=== Force Headquarters ===
The day-to-day management of Force Headquarters is the responsibility of the Force Chief of Staff. Force Headquarters are generally arranged along the basis of the continental staff system, as follows:
* '''Personnel and Administration''' (U-1)
* '''Intelligence''' (U-2)
* '''Operations''' (U-3)
* '''Logistics''' (U-4)
* '''Plans and Policy''' (U-5)
* '''Communications''' (U-6)
* '''Training''' (U-7)
* '''Engineering''' (U-8)
* '''CIMIC''' (U-9)
=== Sector Headquarters ===
Due to the size of the mission area, missions are generally organized into multiple sectors, each with a Sector Commander subordinate to the Force Commander. The Force Headquarters structure is often replicated at a lower level for each sector. 

Note that military sectors do not always align with the organization of mission field offices. 

== Police Component ==
The police component is headed by the '''Police Commissioner'''. The police component consists of individually-deployed police officers (IPOs) and, in some missions, formed police units responsible for public order maintenance. In most missions, IPOs have a training and capacity development function, though in some missions, the police component has an executive mandate and exercises law enforcement authority within the mission area. 

== Mission Support Component ==
The mission support structure presented below reflects the DFS guidance on mission support structures issued in September 2017&lt;ref&gt;DFS Supplementary Guidance on Mission Support Structures, 1 September 2017&lt;/ref&gt;, though some missions still follow the legacy structure and nomenclature. 
The mission support component is headed by a director (D-2) or chief (D-1) of mission support responsible for the general management of the human, financial and physical resources of the mission. The Office of the DMS generally includes the aviation safety, audit response, occupational health and safety and information and records management functions. 
=== Operations and Resource Management === 
This pillar brings together cross-cutting mission support functions. 
* '''Human Resources Section'''
* '''Budget/Financial Resourcing and Performance Section'''
* '''Field Technology Section''' (previously Geospatial, Information Technology and Telecommunications Section)
* '''Mission Support Centre''': The support planning function for the mission
=== Service Delivery Management === 
The service delivery pillar provides logistics support services to the mission. 
* '''Transport Section''': manages mission vehicle fleet (only UN-owned equipment; does not cover [[contingent-owned equipment]])
* '''Aviation Section''': manages mission air operations, including military utility helicopters. 
* '''Medical Section'''
* '''Engineering and Facilities Maintenance Section'''
* '''Life Support Section''': Manages fuel, rations/catering and general supply. 
=== Supply Chain Management === 
This pillar includes the supply chain planning, sourcing, delivery, return and enabling functions.
* '''Property Management Section'''
* '''Acquisitions Management Section''': covers acquisition planning, requisitioning and contract performance evaluation 
* '''Procurement Section'''
* '''Central Warehousing Section'''
* '''Movement Control Section''' (MOVCON): Facilitates the movement of UN-owned equipment, contingent-owned equipment and personnel

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="7397" xml:space="preserve">Many elements of '''mission structures''' are consistent across missions, though details of reporting lines and nomenclature can vary based on the specifics of the mandate. This page describes the functions and organization of the main structures in a [[multidimensional mission|multidimensional peacekeeping mission]]. 

== Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General ==
The SRSG is the head of mission and is usually the senior UN official in the country. For large field missions, the SRSG is an official of Under-Secretary-General (USG) rank, while in smaller missions the SRSG is often an official of Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) rank. 

=== Office of the Chief of Staff ===
* '''Joint Operations Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) situational awareness and supports mission crisis management.
* '''Joint Mission Analysis Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) integrated analysis and assessments in support of mission planning and decision-making.
* '''Strategic Planning Unit''': supports development of mission-wide planning documents. In most missions, the SPU also tracks the [[peacekeeping financing|results-based budgeting framework]]. 
* '''Board of Inquiry Unit''': supports mission boards of inquiry, which are convened when there are incidents involving death, serious injury or loss or damage to property. 
* '''Conduct and Discipline Team''': supports the Head of Mission on ensuring conduct and discipline in the mission, including in implementing measures to prevent [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].
* '''Legal''' 
* '''Field Office Coordination''': facilitates coordination between mission headquarters and mission offices at the state/region level. 
=== Security Section ===
Headed by a Chief Security Adviser. Often colloquially referred to as DSS, as the key officers are from the UN Department of Safety and Security (DSS). Responsible for ensuring the safety and security of all UN personnel (field mission and UN Country Team) and for supporting the SRSG in his/her role as the Designated Official (DO) responsible for the entire country under the UN Security Management System.
=== Public Information ===
The public information section is headed by the mission spokesperson and is responsible for strategic communications. In some missions, the mission operates a radio station (e.g. Radio Miraya in UNMISS); these are part of the public information section. 

== Substantive Component == 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (Political) ===
DSRSGs are deputies to the SRSG. One of the two deputies is generally responsible for issues related to the peace process or political situation. 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (RC/HC) ===
In [[integrated mission|structurally-integrated missions]], one of the two DSRSGs concurrently serves as the Resident Coordinator and, in some cases, also the Humanitarian Coordinator. 
=== Substantive offices === 
These are units reporting to one of the DSRSGs. With the exception of political affairs, which always reports to the DSRSG(P), the various units can report to either DSRSG depending on the specific mission.
* '''Political Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with government and political processes 
* '''Civil Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with communities and local authorities
* '''Electoral Affairs'''
* '''Human Rights''' 
* '''Child Protection'''
* '''Women’s Protection'''
* '''Security Sector Reform'''
* '''Rule of Law/Justice and Corrections'''
* '''Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration'''
* '''Mine Action'''

== Military Component ==
The military component in a multidimensional mission is headed by the '''Force Commander'''. The military component can consist of different types of military personnel, including troops, military staff officers, military observers and military liaison officers. 
=== Force Headquarters ===
The day-to-day management of Force Headquarters is the responsibility of the Force Chief of Staff. Force Headquarters are generally arranged along the basis of the continental staff system, as follows:
* '''Personnel and Administration''' (U-1)
* '''Intelligence''' (U-2)
* '''Operations''' (U-3)
* '''Logistics''' (U-4)
* '''Plans and Policy''' (U-5)
* '''Communications''' (U-6)
* '''Training''' (U-7)
* '''Engineering''' (U-8)
* '''CIMIC''' (U-9)
=== Sector Headquarters ===
Due to the size of the mission area, missions are generally organized into multiple sectors, each with a Sector Commander subordinate to the Force Commander. The Force Headquarters structure is often replicated at a lower level for each sector. 

Note that military sectors do not always align with the organization of mission field offices. 

== Police Component ==
The police component is headed by the '''Police Commissioner'''. The police component consists of individually-deployed police officers (IPOs) and, in some missions, formed police units responsible for public order maintenance. In most missions, IPOs have a training and capacity development function, though in some missions, the police component has an executive mandate and exercises law enforcement authority within the mission area. 

== Mission Support Component ==
The mission support structure presented below reflects the DFS guidance on mission support structures issued in September 2017&lt;ref&gt;DFS Supplementary Guidance on Mission Support Structures, 1 September 2017&lt;/ref&gt;, though some missions still follow the legacy structure and nomenclature. 
The mission support component is headed by a director (D-2) or chief (D-1) of mission support responsible for the general management of the human, financial and physical resources of the mission. The Office of the DMS generally includes the aviation safety, audit response, occupational health and safety and information and records management functions. 
=== Operations and Resource Management === 
This pillar brings together cross-cutting mission support functions. 
* '''Human Resources Section'''
* '''Budget/Financial Resourcing and Performance Section'''
* '''Field Technology Section''' (previously Geospatial, Information Technology and Telecommunications Section)
* '''Mission Support Centre''': The support planning function for the mission
=== Service Delivery Management === 
The service delivery pillar provides logistics support services to the mission. 
* '''Transport Section''': manages mission vehicle fleet (only UN-owned equipment; does not cover [[contingent-owned equipment]])
* '''Aviation Section''': manages mission air operations, including military utility helicopters. 
* '''Medical Section'''
* '''Engineering and Facilities Maintenance Section'''
* '''Life Support Section''': Manages fuel, rations/catering and general supply. 
=== Supply Chain Management === 
This pillar includes the supply chain planning, sourcing, delivery, return and enabling functions.
* '''Property Management Section'''
* '''Acquisitions Management Section''': covers acquisition planning, requisitioning and contract performance evaluation 
* '''Procurement Section'''
* '''Central Warehousing Section'''
* '''Movement Control Section''' (MOVCON): Facilitates the movement of UN-owned equipment, contingent-owned equipment and personnel

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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  <title>PPBME</title>
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  <title>SOFA</title>
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  <title>Categories of personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="7307" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and financing modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either professional or service tasks. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the Noblemaire principle). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the Flemming principle) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal, as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/51/688 A/51/688].&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]
* [https://undocs.org/a/51/688 Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities (A/61/688)] 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 Administrative instruction on consultants and individual contractors (ST/AI/2013/4)]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9512" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either professional or service tasks. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the Noblemaire principle). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the Flemming principle) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([http://undocs.org/A/51/688 A/51/688])&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1])&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== Seconded military and police personnel ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;Administrative instruction on Mission subsistence allowance ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6])&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6])&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

=== Documents related to non-staff personnel ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Administrative instruction: Consultants and individual contractors ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9580" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either professional or service tasks. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the Noblemaire principle). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the Flemming principle) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([http://undocs.org/A/51/688 A/51/688])&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1])&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== Seconded military and police personnel ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;Administrative instruction on Mission subsistence allowance ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6])&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6])&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

=== Documents related to non-staff personnel ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Administrative instruction: Consultants and individual contractors ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9850" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either professional or service tasks. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the Noblemaire principle). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the Flemming principle) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([http://undocs.org/A/51/688 A/51/688])&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1])&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== Seconded military and police personnel ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;Administrative instruction on Mission subsistence allowance ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6])&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6])&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

=== Relevant documents ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])
* Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1])
* Administrative instruction: Consultants and individual contractors ([https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="3899" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Field Support''' was established in 2007. In addition to the Office of the Under-Secretary-General and Office of the Assistant Secretary-General, it consists of four divisions:
* Field Budget and Finance Division
* Field Personnel Division
* Information and Communications Technology Division
* Logistics Support Division
It also shares three capacities with the [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]:
* Office of the Chief of Staff
* [[Policy, Evaluation and Training Division]]
* [[Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership]]

== History ==
The Department of Field Support has its origins in the '''United Nations Field Service''', established in 1949, to provide land and air transport for missions; maintain radio communications with UN mission personnel; maintain premises, supplies, records and archives; maintain order during meetings; operate and maintain transport equipment; and perform guard duties at Headquarters. The Field Service was originally part of the Department of Conference and General Services but, in 1940, was moved into the Department of Administrative and Finance Services and was subsequently renamed the  '''Field Operations Service''' (FOS). In 1952, the guard functions were separated from the FOS, and in 1954 FOS was transferred into the Office of General Services. FOS became the '''Field Operations Division''' in 1987&lt;ref&gt;Field Service and Successor Bodies (ARMS, https://search.archives.un.org/downloads/field-service-and-successor-bodies-1948-1982.pdf)&lt;/ref&gt; and, on 1 January 1993, was transferred to the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/255 ST/SGB/255] ''Organization of the Department of Administration and Management''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/44/605 A/44/605] ''Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peace-keeping operations'' (paragraph 5)&lt;/ref&gt;.

In September 1993, the Field Operations Division was transferred into the [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/264 ST/SGB/264] ''Organization of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt;, where it was subsequently renamed the '''Field Administration and Logistics Division''' (FALD). FALD was later incorporated into the Office of Planning and Support&lt;ref&gt;ST/SGB/ORGANIZATION SECTION: DPKO ''Functions and Organization of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt; and then into the Office of Logistics, Management and Mine Action&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] ''Functions and organization of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt;, which was later restructured into the '''Office of Mission Support'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ''Implementation of the recommendations of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations and the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations''&lt;/ref&gt; as part of the follow-up to the implementation of the [[Brahimi report]]. 

The '''Department of Field Support''' was established on 1 July 2007 through the separation of the Office of Mission Support from the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. The General Assembly approved the creation of the new Department through the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 resolution 61/279] of 29 June 2007, as part of the [[Strengthening the capacity of the United Nations to manage and sustain peacekeeping operations]] reform agenda.

On 1 January 2019, the Department of Field Support and the [[Department of Management]] will be replaced with the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]] as part of the [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]] reform agenda. 

== Secretary-General's Bulletin ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2]

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership</title>
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    <text bytes="3214" xml:space="preserve">The '''Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership (OPSP)''' was established by the General Assembly as a resource to advise the Under-Secretaries-General for [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|Peacekeeping Operations]] and [[Department of Field Support|Field Support]] on issues affecting the participation of troop- and police-contributing countries in peacekeeping operations. Under the [[peace and security reform]], the Office will be moved into the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. 

== Mandate ==
The mandate for OPSP is contained in [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 resolution 67/287] of 28 June 2013. Paragraph 28 specified that the functions of OPSP would initially consist of: 
&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) Strengthening the peacekeeping partnership by assisting in identifying gaps that have an impact on the delivery of mandates by United Nations peacekeeping missions by making recommendations on systemic issues relating to
United Nations peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;
(b) Making recommendations to ensure the safety, security and welfare of, and the Organization’s provision of adequate support services to, uniformed field personnel; &lt;br /&gt;
(c) Working closely with troop- and police-contributing countries and senior leadership, both in the field and at Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;
(d) Making recommendations to incorporate lessons learned and best practices from peacekeeping missions into peacekeeping operations;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly decided in paragraph 32 to review the mandate and functions of the Office during the 69th session. However, no changes were made to either the mandate and functions during the 69th session.

== Legislative history ==
In 2013, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of the "Office of the Director, Evaluation of Field Uniformed Personnel" reporting to the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations as "An independent evaluation function of field uniformed personnel…to assist the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations through the provision of objective and independent reviews, analysis, advice and recommendations on the effectiveness and efficiency of uniformed personnel in the field."&lt;ref&gt;A/67/756, paragraph 84&lt;/ref&gt; The establishment of this Office was proposed as neither the [[Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training]] in DPKO–DFS nor the Office of Internal Oversight Services had the capacity or specialized expertise to perform these specialized functions. 

Troop-contributing countries, however, were concerned about the similarities between the proposed functions of the Office and those of an inspector-general. To address these concerns, the name of the Office was changed and its functions specified in the text of the resolution, though the resources originally requested were approved. In addition, the General Assembly specified that the Director of the Office must come from a troop-contributing country and have leadership experience in a peacekeeping mission and—in a departure from the original proposal of the Secretary-General—a dual reporting line to the Under-Secretaries-General for Peacekeeping Operations and Field Support.

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>OPSP</title>
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    <text bytes="63" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181129195500|104">
  <title>Programme budget</title>
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    <text bytes="1704" xml:space="preserve">The '''programme budget''', or '''regular budget''', is the budget of the United Nations prepared by the Secretary-General in his capacity as chief administrative officer of the Organization&lt;ref&gt;Article 97 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt; and approved by the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;Article 17 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt;. It does not cover the expenses of large peacekeeping missions funded through [[peacekeeping financing|separate special accounts]]. The appropriation for the approved budget is apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]].

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library has an excellent guide to the programme budget and the many different documents and intergovernmental bodies involved in the budget process: [https://research.un.org/en/docs/budget '''UN Documentation: Regular Budget''']

== Budget period ==
The programme budget runs from 1 January to 31 December, unlike peacekeeping budgets, which run from 1 July to 30 June. 

The budget was originally produced and approved on an annual basis. In General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3043(XXVII) 3043 (XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, the General Assembly approved, "on an experimental basis" the move to a biennial (two-year) budget. The first biennial budget, covering calendar years 1974 and 1975, was approved in General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3199(XXVIII) 3199 (XXVIII)] of 18 December 1973. As part of the [[management reform]], the General Assembly approved "the proposed change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020", in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. 

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="1726" xml:space="preserve">The '''programme budget''', or '''regular budget''', is the budget of the United Nations prepared by the Secretary-General in his capacity as chief administrative officer of the Organization&lt;ref&gt;Article 97 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt; and approved by the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;Article 17 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt;. It does not cover the expenses of large peacekeeping missions funded through [[peacekeeping financing|separate special accounts]]. The appropriation for the approved budget is apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]].

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library has an excellent guide to the programme budget and the many different documents and intergovernmental bodies involved in the budget process: [https://research.un.org/en/docs/budget '''UN Documentation: Regular Budget''']

== Budget period ==
The programme budget runs from 1 January to 31 December, unlike peacekeeping budgets, which run from 1 July to 30 June. 

The budget was originally produced and approved on an annual basis. In General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3043(XXVII) 3043 (XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, the General Assembly approved, "on an experimental basis" the move to a biennial (two-year) budget. The first biennial budget, covering calendar years 1974 and 1975, was approved in General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3199(XXVIII) 3199 (XXVIII)] of 18 December 1973. As part of the [[management reform]], the General Assembly approved "the proposed change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020", in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. 

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181213214857|154">
  <title>Peacekeeping financing</title>
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    <text bytes="10723" xml:space="preserve">Peacekeeping missions, with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

[[Category: budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10785" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990 to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The UNLB budget funds the Global Service Center (GSC), which consists of the UNLB itself, which is located in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[UN Support Base in Valencia]], Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE) which primarily services missions in Africa, but which could take on some global back-office human resources and financial tasks. 

== Budget Process ==
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question, with the compiling of requirements at the mission level. In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the Fifth Committee for its consideration in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The Fifth Committee is scheduled to meet for four weeks in May during the second part of its resumed session to consider the Secretary-General’s peacekeeping budget requests, though in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. In addition, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous fiscal year, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations , a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC budget. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Commitment authority ===
In certain circumstances, the General Assembly may authorize commitment authority in lieu of a full budget approval, often for six months. Commitment authority allows the Secretary-General to incur obligations up to an authorized amount, and is generally used by the General Assembly when it is not sufficiently certain about the requirements for a mission to approve a full-year budget. These types of commitment authorities are generally accompanied by an assessment to provide missions with cash. New or expanding missions for which the Secretary-General has been provided with commitment authority can draw upon the [[peacekeeping reserve fund]] in lieu of or to supplement an assessment, depending on the actual requirements.

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

[[Category: budget]]</text>
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  <title>Regular budget</title>
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    <text bytes="30" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Programme budget]]</text>
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  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
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    <text bytes="8605" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the T/PCC and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Types of contingent-owned equipment ==
All COE falls under one of two types, which are reimbursed in different ways: '''major equipment''', or equipment used by a contingent to support the mission mandate (e.g. vehicles, and '''self-sustainment''', or equipment used by the contingent to support itself (e.g. catering, laundry, office supplies). Some categories of equipment can be reimbursed as either major equipment or self-sustainment based on how it is used, e.g. electrical and medical equipment. 

=== Major equipment ===
Major equipment is reimbursed per item or set of equipment using a monthly rate calculated based on the total cost of the equipment and its estimated useful life. If the contingent is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a wet lease), a maintenance factor is included in the reimbursement rate. Otherwise, the UN is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a dry lease). The reimbursement rate also includes a no-fault incident factor, which addresses costs that may be incurred in dealing with damage resulting from no-fault incidents. No reimbursement is paid on account of equipment that is not present or serviceable. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex A&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Self-sustainment ===
In the MOU, the UN and the T/PCC agree on which categories of self-sustainment will be provided by the UN and which by the contingent. For those categories provided by the contingent, reimbursement is paid on a per-person, per-month basis if the agreed service is provided to UN standard. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex B&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Factors ===
Reimbursement rates also take into account a number of factors that provide additional reimbursement. These include
* '''Mission factors'''&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 7&lt;/ref&gt;
** Extreme environmental conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Intensified operational conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Hostile action or forced abandonment factor (maximum of 5% bonus to self-sustainment rates or half of the maintenance rate for major equipment)
* '''Incremental transportation factor''' &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;
** Calculated based on the distance between port of embarkation for in the T/PCC and the port of entry of the mission area, to account for the costs of maintaining supply lines for spare parts, consumables, etc. Applies to the maintenance rate for major equipment only. 

== Loss or damage == 
Loss or damage due to no-fault incidents is covered under the no-fault incident factor.

Loss or damage due to hostile action is covered under the hostile action or forced abandonment mission factor for low-value loss/damage. For high-value single incidents or cumulative losses, the T/PCC can file a claim with the UN.&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 6&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Contingent-owned equipment working group ==
The COE Working Group meets for a two-week session every three years and makes recommendations to the [[Fifth Committee]] of the General Assembly on the basis of issue papers submitted either by Member States or the Secretariat. These recommendations are contained in a report transmitted in a letter from the Chair of the Working Group to the Chair of the Fifth Committee. In recent years, the COE Working Group has divided its work amongst three sub-working groups, one covering major equipment, one covering self-sustainment and one covering medical issues (given the level of specialized expertise required). 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [http://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. The COE Manual is issued after the General Assembly has taken action on the recommendations of the COE Working Group and reflects the updated policies, procedures and rates related to COE, as well as the text of the model [[memorandum of understanding]].

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2017 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="9648" xml:space="preserve">This page lists all of the '''peacekeeping missions''' established by the Security Council. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| United Nations Emergency Force I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| United Nations Operation in the Congo || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| United Nations Emergency Force II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| United Nations Observer Mission Uganda - Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-05 || 2006-12 || Africa ||
|-
| United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| '''African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur''' || '''UNAMID''' || 2007-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || First UN/AU hybrid operation
|-
| United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| '''United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti''' || '''MINUJUSTH''' || 2017-10 || '''Ongoing''' || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || || Africa || 
|-
| Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| || Africa || UNAMID formally replaced AMIS in December 2007
|-
| United Nations Support Office for the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| United Nations Support Office in Somalia || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11410" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping missions''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Principles of peacekeeping ==
The 2008 [[Capstone doctrine]] articulated three principles of peacekeeping:
# [[Consent]] of the parties
# [[Impartiality]]
# Non-[[use of force]] except in self-defence and defence of the mandate

== List of peacekeeping missions ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || United Nations Emergency Force I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || United Nations Operation in the Congo || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || United Nations Emergency Force II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-05 || 2006-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || '''African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur''' || '''UNAMID''' || 2007-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || First UN/AU hybrid operation
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti''' || '''MINUJUSTH''' || 2017-10 || '''Ongoing''' || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || || Africa || 
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| || Africa || UNAMID formally replaced AMIS in December 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || United Nations Support Office in Somalia || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>5353dd5a29d7dba1d1b96fa02d93b4788c5afb05</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>164</id>
    <parentid>163</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-12-15T12:13:00Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added MINUSCA; added references to missions rehatted from the AU</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12376" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping missions''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Principles of peacekeeping ==
The 2008 [[Capstone doctrine]] articulated three principles of peacekeeping:
# [[Consent]] of the parties
# [[Impartiality]]
# Non-[[use of force]] except in self-defence and defence of the mandate

== List of peacekeeping missions ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || United Nations Emergency Force I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || United Nations Operation in the Congo || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || United Nations Emergency Force II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || '''African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur''' || '''UNAMID''' || 2007-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || '''United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti''' || '''MINUJUSTH''' || 2017-10 || '''Ongoing''' || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || United Nations Support Office in Somalia || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>8a2e99397ac1393c1b457538f6e901bcf9aa6b82</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>165</id>
    <parentid>164</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-12-16T17:45:37Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Fixed formatting for UNDOF and AMIB; created link to Principles page</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12193" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping missions''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping missions ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || United Nations Emergency Force I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || United Nations Operation in the Congo || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || United Nations Emergency Force II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || '''African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur''' || '''UNAMID''' || 2007-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || '''United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti''' || '''MINUJUSTH''' || 2017-10 || '''Ongoing''' || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || United Nations Support Office in Somalia || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181213214857|154">
  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <id>159</id>
    <parentid>96</parentid>
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    <contributor>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Added link to peacekeeping missions list</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="5226" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>bdff535adc3a2f5c05ecf10b2b7ac958ea7d1973</sha1>
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    <id>160</id>
    <parentid>159</parentid>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Added link to peacekeeping missions list</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5248" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || Provisional 2018/19 total
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181213214857|154">
  <title>Multidimensional mission</title>
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    <text bytes="879" xml:space="preserve">A '''multidimensional mission''' is a [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] comprising a mix of military, police and substantive civilian components working together to implement a mandate from the Security Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/UN-Policy-on-Integrated-Assessment-and-Planning_FINAL_9-April-2013.pdf United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning, April 2013]&lt;/ref&gt; Multidimensional missions contrast with [[traditional mission|traditional missions]], which are primarily military operations with mandates focused on the monitoring of ceasefires. 

== Documents ==
* [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/peacekeeping-handbook_un_dec2003_0.pdf Handbook on United Nations Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations] (December 2003)

== See also ==
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181213214857|154">
  <title>Integrated mission</title>
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    <text bytes="1468" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is a mission (either [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping]] or [[special political missions|political]]) in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387408 United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning] (April 2013)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387407 Integrated Assessment and Planning Handbook] (December 2013)

== See also ==
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1641" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is a mission (either [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping]] or [[special political missions|political]]) in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
* [https://reliefweb.int/report/world/secretary-generals-note-guidance-integrated-missions Note from the Secretary-General: Guidance on Integrated Missions] (February 2006)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387408 United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning] (April 2013)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387407 Integrated Assessment and Planning Handbook] (December 2013)

== See also ==
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>Principles of peacekeeping</title>
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    <text bytes="699" xml:space="preserve">The basic '''principles of peacekeeping''' are:
# [[Consent]] of the parties,
# [[International humanitarian law|Impartiality]] and
# Non-[[use of force]] except in self-defense and defense of the mandate.

The three principles are described in the [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89481 2008 Capstone Doctrine].

== Other considerations ==
The Capstone Doctrine also identified a number of additional success factors for mandate implementation, including legitimacy, credibility and the promotion of national and local ownership. 

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/3943 Summary study of the experience derived from the establishment and operation of the Force (A/3943)]

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  <title>United Nations country team</title>
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    <text bytes="851" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations country team''' (UNCT) consists of all of the United Nations [[Agencies, Funds and Programmes]] present in a country. Its activities are coordinated by a Resident Coordinator (RC). RCs can concurrently serve as Humanitarian Coordinator (HC) responsible for coordinating the activities of the [[humanitarian country team]]. In the context of countries in which a structurally-[[integrated mission]] (whether peacekeeping or political) is deployed, one of the [[mission structures|deputy heads of the mission]] concurrently serves as RC (and possibly also as HC). 

Following the implementation of the [[development system reform]], the Resident Coordinator System is now part of the United Nations Secretariat, and the work of RCs is coordiated by the Development Operations Coordination Office (DOCO).

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Humanitarian country team</title>
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    <text bytes="2675" xml:space="preserve">The humanitarian country team (HCT) is the national-level decision-making forum. It is led by the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC), who reports to the Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC, i.e. the Under-Secretary-General for the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) at Headquarters. The HCT consists of representatives from the United Nations operational organizations present in the country, international NGOs and the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement.

In a structurally-[[integrated mission]] context, one of the [[mission structures|deputy heads of mission]] may simultaneously serve as [[United Nations country team|Resident Coordinator]] and HC. 

== Humanitarian coordination mechanisms ==
The current humanitarian coordination architecture was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/46/182 resolution 46/182] of 19 December 1991. This resolution established global and national-level coordination mechanisms, including the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) and the humanitarian cluster system.

=== Inter-Agency Standing Committee ===
The IASC is an inter-agency forum for coordination, policy development and decision-making involving key UN and non-UN partners. It is chaired by the ERC and consists of the heads of the UN operational organziations (UNDP, UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP, FAO, WHO, UN-HABITAT, OCHA and IOM). In addition, standing invitations have been extended to the ICRC, IFRC, OHCHR, UNFPA, the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs and the World Bank. The NGO consortia ICVA, InterAction and SCHR are also invited on a permanent basis to attend the IASC. 

=== Humanitarian cluster system ===
The cluster system is a coordination mechanism introduced by the IASC to enhance predictability and partnership amongst humanitarian actors. It designates, at a global level, the lead actors responsible for coordinating delivery in the major sectors of humanitarian services. The cluster leads usually perform these tasks at the national level for the HCT. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Cluster   !! Lead
|-
| Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)  || IOM/UNHCR 
|-
| Early Recovery || UNDP
|-
| Education   || UNICEF and Save the Children
|-
| Emergency Telecommunications || WFP
|-
| Food Security || WFP and FAP 
|-
| Health || WHO
|-
| Logistics || WFP
|-
| Nutrition || UNICEF
|-
| Protection || UNHCR
|-
| Shelter || IFRC/UNHCR
|-
| Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) || UNICEF
|}

== See also ==
* [https://www.humanitarianresponse.info OCHA Humanitarian Response website]
* [https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/ Inter-Agency Standing Committee website]

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  <title>Administrative issuance</title>
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    <text bytes="2062" xml:space="preserve">Administrative policies are issued by the Secretary-General through the promulgation of '''administrative issuances''', which can be formally issued either as Secretary-General's bulletins (ST/SGB-series) or as administrative issuances (ST/AI-series). 

The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate the text of regulations and rules, to communicate decisions on policy and to provide information on the functions and organization of the Secretariat and its constituent entities. 

The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

An index of all administrative issuances is issued regularly. The most recent edition is [https://undocs.org/st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1].

== Key regulations and rules ==

The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. 

* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning|Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials|Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission]]
* [https://undocs.org/en/st/sgb/107/rev.6 Rules Governing Payment of Travel Expenses In Respect Of Members of Organs or Subsidiary Organs of the United Nations]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
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    <text bytes="5433" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Includes AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}


== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report) (A/63/666–S/2008/813)]        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 SG report on support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN (A/64/359–S/2009/470)]
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms (A/71/410–S/2016/809)]
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 SG report on options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations (S/2017/454)]

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date || Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 2006.12.19 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 2009.01.16 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 2009.03.18 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 2012.02.22 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 2015.11.09 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 2016.11.18 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 2017.09.20 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 2017.12.08 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5432" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Includes AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report) (A/63/666–S/2008/813)]        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 SG report on support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN (A/64/359–S/2009/470)]
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms (A/71/410–S/2016/809)]
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 SG report on options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations (S/2017/454)]

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date || Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 2006.12.19 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 2009.01.16 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 2009.03.18 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 2012.02.22 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 2015.11.09 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 2016.11.18 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 2017.09.20 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 2017.12.08 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

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  <title>African Union</title>
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  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="9269" xml:space="preserve">The scales of assessments determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN regular programme buget. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

== Process ==
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to Article 19 of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

== Methodology ==
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
== Other proposals ==
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Assessment of non-Member States ==
Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;
This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>a24b464e78fd1153a5eb0f1f7781ebabe961f342</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>182</id>
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    <comment>Added links to programme budget</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="9322" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

== Process ==
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to Article 19 of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

== Methodology ==
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
== Other proposals ==
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Assessment of non-Member States ==
Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;
This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>185dcca3df4a3c2f0bceda75298cd442f5c604eb</sha1>
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    <text bytes="12556" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

=== Process ===
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to Article 19 of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

=== Methodology ===
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
=== Other proposals ===
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== Assessments for Member States and non-Member States ==
The Secretariat issues document each year indicating in dollar terms the assessment of each Member and non-Member State for the regular budget. 

Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;
This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || Resolution specified that $45 mil related to the capital master plan was to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181213214857|154">
  <title>Peacekeeping scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="6756" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Rates !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/272 73/272] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/350 A/73/350/Add.1] || 2019-2021 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1] || 2016-2018 || Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman treated as level C; Saudi Arabia treated as level C for 2018 only
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1] || 2013-2015 || Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman treated as level C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1] || 2010-2012 || Bahamas and Bahrain treated as level C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256] of 23 December 2003|| [https://undocs.org/a/58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/236] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1] || 2001-2003 || New system of discounts established
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>7923b0efcf011aa810122d53fd34562d91111ee5</sha1>
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    <text bytes="6762" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Rates !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/272 73/272] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/350/add.1 A/73/350/Add.1] || 2019-2021 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1] || 2016-2018 || Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman treated as level C; Saudi Arabia treated as level C for 2018 only
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1] || 2013-2015 || Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman treated as level C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1] || 2010-2012 || Bahamas and Bahrain treated as level C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256] of 23 December 2003|| [https://undocs.org/a/58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/236] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1] || 2001-2003 || New system of discounts established
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>1f84d63d02e5ab17f63b516d6e03ba2bbc8c91ad</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <comment>Added exceptional discount for 2019-2021</comment>
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    <text bytes="6877" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Rates !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/272 73/272] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/350/add.1 A/73/350/Add.1] || 2019-2021 || Bahamas, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia receive exceptional 7.5% discount
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1] || 2016-2018 || Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman receive exceptional 7.5% discount; Saudi Arabia receives 7.5% discount for 2018 only
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1] || 2013-2015 || Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman receive exceptional 7.5% discount
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1] || 2010-2012 || Bahamas and Bahrain exceptionally treated as level C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256] of 23 December 2003|| [https://undocs.org/a/58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/236] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1] || 2001-2003 || New system of discounts established
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20181213214857|154">
  <title>Management reform</title>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Updated to reflect outcome of 73/main session</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4306" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and delegation to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===

During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>5f96b1cf0bc5856089ffa0eb58e044966daca172</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4968" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and delegation to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== Delegation of authority ==
The framework for enhanced delegation of authority under the new management paradigm is reflected in [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]. As a result of this shift, heads of entities across the Secretariat receive authority directly from the Secretary-General rather than receiving authorities through sub-delegations through the [[Department of Management]].

[[File:delegation_old.png|400px|Flow of delegation under the old system]] Flow of delegation of authority prior to 1 January 2019

[[File:delegation_new.png|400px|Flow of delegation under the new system]] Flow of delegation of authority after 1 January 2019

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181213214857|154">
  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
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    <text bytes="2339" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peacekeeping Operations on 1 January 2019.

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Staff Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <text bytes="2552" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The '''Staff Regulations''' are issued in accordance with Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter ("The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly."). 

The Secretary-General can issue '''staff rules''' and amendments to the staff rules to implement the Staff Regulations, which are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181213214857|154">
  <title>Financial Regulations and Rules</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>33</id>
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    <id>180</id>
    <parentid>126</parentid>
    <timestamp>2018-12-26T23:13:14Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="3011" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] (1 July 2013). 

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Under Regulation 5.8, the General Assembly provided the Secretary-General with the authority to "establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy".

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules (until 31 December 2018)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
    <sha1>ea0295862d0c77fad9d248827a9b32fe03726ad8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>188</id>
    <parentid>180</parentid>
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    <text bytes="3160" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] as amended in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 '''Add.1'''] to facilitate the new delegation of authority framework entering into effect on 1 January 2019.

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Under Regulation 5.8, the General Assembly provided the Secretary-General with the authority to "establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy".

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules (until 31 December 2018)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
    <sha1>80a88c71ace6a841e762fff6eeff7677193a7f52</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>189</id>
    <parentid>188</parentid>
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    <text bytes="3300" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] as amended in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 '''Amend.1'''] to facilitate the new delegation of authority framework entering into effect on 1 January 2019.

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Under Regulation 5.8, the General Assembly provided the Secretary-General with the authority to "establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy".

== Related documents ==
=== Delegation of authority ===
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules (until 31 December 2018)

=== Supplements ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/4/Amend.1 Amend.1] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees

=== Subordinate policies ===
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Extrabudgetary resources</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="3136" xml:space="preserve">'''Extrabudgetary resources''' (XB) are resources not financed through [[assessed contributions]], and include voluntary contributions through trust funds. 

== Trust funds ==
=== Relevant administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/188 ST/SGB/188] Establishment and management of trust funds 
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/284 ST/AI/284] Procedures for the establishment and management of general trust funds
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/285 ST/AI/285] Procedures for the establishment and management of technical cooperation trust funds
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/286 ST/AI/286] Procedures for the establishment and management of programme support accounts 

=== Programme support costs ===
Programme support costs (PSC) are costs charged to XB resources to cover the costs to the Secretariat for the administration of an XB-funded activity. The General Assembly, in paragraph 2 of section V its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/35/217 resolution 35/217] of 17 December 1980, approved the use of the 13 per cent rate for programme support costs used by the United Nations Development Programme. 

PSC is intended to cover indirect costs incurred by the Secretariat through the administration of the trust fund. This is in contrast with direct costs, which are supposed to be funded through the activity. The two types of costs are defined&lt;ref&gt;Memo dated 8 June 2012 from the Controller on Cost recovery: programme support costs (PSC)&lt;/ref&gt; as follows:

# Direct costs: Those that can be readily and directly attributed to the programme, including (1) substantive and operational staffing, facilities equipment and activities and (2) programme services such as planning, resource mobilization, monitoring, evaluation and management. 
# Indirect costs: Those that cannot be unequivocally be traced to the programme, including (1) central administration of human, financial, physical and ICT resources, (2) staffing, facilities, equipment, activities and legal liabilities related to central administration of resources, (3) implementation of Secretariat-wide initiatives and (4) oversight bodies. 

== Creation of posts ==
The Secretary-General can create posts funded through XB without approval of the General Assembly. However, as per General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/35/217 resolution 35/217] of 17 December 1980, posts at the D-1 level or above require concurrence of the ACABQ. Specifically, paragraph 2 of section II of the resolution endorsed the following [https://undocs.org/a/35/7/add.2 recommendation of the ACABQ]: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;24. The Advisory Committee believes that the time has come for closer scrutiny of the establishment of extrabudgetary posts at the D-1 level and above. Accordingly, the Advisory Committee recommends that henceforth the establishment of all extrabudgetary posts at the D-1 level and above for which the approval of an inter-governmental organ is not required be subject to the concurrence of the Advisory Committee. Actions of the Advisory Committee in this regard would in turn be reported to the General Assembly. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Assessed contributions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <id>185</id>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''Assessed contributions''' are expenses of the United Nations that Member States are obligated to finance under Article 17, paragraph 2, of the United Nations Charter&lt;ref&gt;"T..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="813" xml:space="preserve">'''Assessed contributions''' are expenses of the United Nations that Member States are obligated to finance under Article 17, paragraph 2, of the United Nations Charter&lt;ref&gt;"The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly."&lt;/ref&gt; Both the [[regular budget]] and the [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] are financed through assessed contributions. Assessed contributions are apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the scales of assessments for the [[scale of assessments|regular]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping]] budgets.

Requirements not financed under assessed contributions (i.e. those funded through voluntary contributions) are considered [[extrabudgetary resources]].

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Categories of personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="9869" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either professional or service tasks. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the Noblemaire principle). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the Flemming principle) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== Seconded military and police personnel ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="621" xml:space="preserve">casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. '''This is not an official United Nations website'''.

=== Indexes ===
[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]</text>
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    <comment>Created page with "== Why does this website exist? ==  The United Nations is an extremely complex organization.  Much of how the bureaucracy and intergovernmental processes work is based on a mi..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="1682" xml:space="preserve">== Why does this website exist? ==

The United Nations is an extremely complex organization.

Much of how the bureaucracy and intergovernmental processes work is based on a mix of tradition, mythology and a labyrinthine set of resolutions, regulations and rules. Compounding these challenges is the fact that navigation of official documentation is far from intuitive. 

This website is intended to make it easier to understand the nuts and bolts of United Nations peacekeeping operations. This is not an exhaustive resource. The webmaster has taken every effort to provide references to official documents or internal policies, but '''this website is not an authoritative reference'''.

== Who is this website for? ==

This website is primarily for the use of its creator. It has its origins in a collection of post-it notes and gradually grew to include a list of commonly-referenced documents and a set of handover notes. At some point, the creator of the website decided to translate all of these materials into a wiki format, where it would be much more easily searchable. 

Putting the material into a public wiki has the secondary benefit of allowing others to benefit from the information (and reducing the amount of time the webmaster spends fielding questions from inside and outside the United Nations about various esoteric topics), but 

== How is this website maintained? ==

There is little method to the madness when it comes to the order in which pages are added. The subjects covered are ones of interest to the webmaster. Most pages that have been uploaded are adapted from materials previously compiled or from emails drafted to answer questions from colleagues.</text>
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    <text bytes="2359" xml:space="preserve">Welcome to the '''Peacekeeping References Wiki'''!

== Why does this website exist? ==
The United Nations is an extremely complex organization. Much of how the bureaucracy and intergovernmental processes work is based on a mix of tradition, mythology and a labyrinthine set of resolutions, regulations and rules. Compounding these challenges is the fact that navigation of [https://documents.un.org official documentation] is far from intuitive. 

This website is intended to make it easier to understand the nuts and bolts of United Nations peacekeeping operations. This is not an exhaustive resource. The webmaster has taken every effort to provide references to official documents or internal policies, but '''this website is not an authoritative reference'''.

== Who is this website for? ==
This website is primarily for the use of its creator. It has its origins in a collection of post-it notes and gradually grew to include a list of commonly-referenced documents and a set of handover notes. At some point, the creator of the website decided to translate all of these materials into a wiki format, where it would be much more easily searchable. There is little method to the madness when it comes to the order in which pages are added. The subjects covered are ones of interest to the webmaster. 

Putting the material into a public wiki has the secondary benefit of allowing others to benefit from the information (and reducing the amount of time the webmaster spends fielding questions from inside and outside the United Nations about various esoteric topics). 

== What does the URL mean? ==
"Casque bleu" is "blue helmet" in French.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2(I) 2 (I)] of 1 February 1946 established English and French as working languages of the Secretariat and paragraph 59 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/9 resolution 70/9] of 13 November 2015 established multilingualism as a core value of the Organization.&lt;/ref&gt; The blue helmet has been associated with United Nations peacekeeping operations since the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in 1956&lt;ref&gt;"What is the origin of the blue helmets worn by UN peacekeepers?" Dag Hammarskjöld Library website. http://ask.un.org/faq/209615&lt;/ref&gt;.

== When is this website updated? ==
Whenever the webmaster feels like it. 

== References ==</text>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''This is not an official United Nations website and this is not an authoritative reference for any of the topics covered.'''   ''Caveat lector''. The webmaster endeavors to..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="459" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website and this is not an authoritative reference for any of the topics covered.''' 

''Caveat lector''. The webmaster endeavors to provide references and ensure that the information contained is up-to-date, but makes no guarantees about the accuracy or currency of all of the information presented. The webmaster is not responsible for decisions taken by others on the basis of information presented in the website.</text>
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    <comment>Old framework of delegation of authority</comment>
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    <text bytes="40" xml:space="preserve">Old framework of delegation of authority</text>
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    <comment>Delegation of authority under new framework</comment>
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    <text bytes="43" xml:space="preserve">Delegation of authority under new framework</text>
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  <title>Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance</title>
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    <text bytes="8178" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance''' (DMSPC) is the department within the [[management reform|management architecture]] of the Secretariat that provides policy leadership in all management areas through an integrated management strategy and policy framework, including the monitoring of compliance with the framework in the exercise of delegated authority by heads of Secretariat entities. 

== History ==

DMSPC was established on 1 January 2019 following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B] of 5 July 2018. Creation of DMSPC was part of the 2018 [[management reform]] proposed by the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Add.2] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Structure ==
DMSPC is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and consists of two offices headed by Assistant Secretaries-General and one stand-alone division. A third office—the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]—reports to both the USG for DMSPC and the USG for the [[Department of Operational Support]] (DOS). 

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General&lt;ref&gt;A/72/492.Add.2, paragraphs 67-77&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Inter-agency and Intergovernmental Service'''
* '''Secretariat of the [[Fifth Committee]] and [[regular budget|Committee for Programme and Coordination]]'''
* '''[[Administration of justice|Management Evaluation Unit]]'''
* '''Secretariat of the Headquarters Committee on Contracts and the Property Survey Board'''
*: The General Assembly, in paragraph 21 of resolution 72/266B, rejected both the proposed renaming of the HCC to the Advisory Committee on Procurement and its proposed placement in the Business Transformation and Accountability Division.
* '''Business Partner Service'''
*: Provides (1) executive office services for DMSPC; (2) administrative support to the Secretariats of the ACABQ, Board of Auditors and Independent Audit Advisory Committee; (3) administrative support to members of the Committee for Programme and Coordination, Independent Audit Advisory Committee and [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]]; and (4) representatives from the Least-Developed Countries. 
* '''Umoja Project Team'''

=== Office of Programme Planning, Finance and Budget&lt;ref&gt;A/72/492.Add.2, paragraphs 78-95&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: OPPFB is headed by the Assistant Secretary-General, Controller; as such, it is commonly referred to as the Controller's Office. Although the Office was proposed to be called the Office of Finance and Budget, the General Assembly decided on its present name in paragraph 18 of resolution 72/266B.

==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
===== Finance Division =====
: Responsible for financial policy and financial controls and serves as secretariat to the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]].
* '''Financial Policy and Internal Controls Service'''
*: Ensures proper application of the policies and procedures related to financial reporting, contributions, financial risk management, financial and procurement policy and internal controls for all sources of funding.
* '''Financial Reporting and Contributions Service'''
*: Prepares IPSAS-compliant financial statements.
* '''Financial Risk Management Service'''
*: Coordinates and manages health and life insurance programme and property and liability insurance activities. Also manages financial risk through treasury investments, optimized cash management and insurance management. 

===== Field Operations Finance Division =====
: FOFD provides support to both peacekeeping and special political missions on budgeting and financial stewardship, and will be responsible for presentation of budget and performance reports prepared by missions. 
* '''Cross-cutting Global and Regional Financing Service'''
* '''Field Budget and Fast-Track Service'''
* '''Global Asset Management Policy Service'''
*: Provides advice and guidance on property management and real estate services, including oversight of major construction projects and long-term capital planning.

===== Programme Planning and Budget Division =====
* '''Political, Humanitarian Affairs, Legal and International Tribunals Service'''
* '''Development Pillar and Human Rights Service'''
* '''Conferences, Security, Construction and Common Support Service'''

=== Office of Human Resources&lt;ref&gt;A/72/492.Add.2, paragraphs 96-137&lt;/ref&gt; ===
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
: The Assistant Secretary-General for Human Resources represents the Secretary-General on matters related to human resources management when dealing with stakeholders external to the Secretariat, including Member States, UN system organizations, intergovernmental bodies and interagency forums. The ASG also represents the Secretary-General in the conduct of staff-management consultations.
==== Global Strategy and Policy Division ====
* '''Strategy and Policy Development Service'''
*: Develops human resources policies, including on travel and duty of care. 
* '''Strategic Talent Management Service'''
*: Develops organizational strategies to build and support a competent, diverse and engaged workforce through strategic workforce planning, outreach, organizational learning, performance management and staff development. 

==== Administrative Law Division ====
* '''Appeals Management Section'''
*: Represents the Secretary-General before the [[administration of justice|United Nations Dispute Tribunal]] on appeals against administrative decisions.
* '''Conduct and Discipline Service'''
*: Develops and carries out programmes related to the application of the standards of conduct, including the response to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] and sexual and workplace harassment and fraud.
* '''Critical Incident Response Service'''
*: Develops procedures and capacities to provide a flexible, rapid, comprehensive and coordinated response to critical incidents related to the implementation of standards of conduct. Supports the implementation of Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2272(2016) resolution 2272 (2016)] and General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/278 resolution 71/278] related to the repatriation of military or police units when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and abuse.

=== Business Transformation and Accountability Division&lt;ref&gt;A/72/492.Add.2, paragraphs 138-165&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Accountability Systems Service'''
*: Responsible for mainstreaming results-based management and enterprise risk management.
* '''Monitoring and Evaluation Service'''
*: Manages [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]], monitoring and reporting on organizational performance and developing self-evaluation tools for use across the Secretariat. 
* '''Analytics and Project Management Service'''
*: Analyses data from Umoja and other enterprise systems and produces dashboards for use by senior management, departments and legislative bodies.
* '''Secretariat of the Vendor Review Committee'''

== Coordination mechanisms ==

=== Executive Senior Management Committee ===
Integration and unity of effort between DMSPC and DOS is facilitated through the Executive Senior Management Committee, co-chaired by the heads of the two departments. This forum brings together the senior management of the two departments to allow for regular identification and addressing of cross-departmental priorities and strategic issues, including those related to the efficient and effective delivery of services to client entities across the Secretariat.&lt;ref&gt;Annex II of [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Management Client Board ===
The [[Management Client Board]], which is chaired by the heads of DMSPC and DOS, is a standing mechanism by which the different types of entities within the Secretariat can systematically provide their requirements and feedback on service delivery and policy development. 

== See also ==
* [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]
* [[Department of Operational Support]]
* [[Management Client Board]]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="8762" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance''' (DMSPC) is the department within the [[management reform|management architecture]] of the Secretariat that provides policy leadership in all management areas through an integrated management strategy and policy framework, including the monitoring of compliance with the framework in the exercise of delegated authority by heads of Secretariat entities. 

== History ==

DMSPC was established on 1 January 2019 following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B] of 5 July 2018. Creation of DMSPC was part of the 2018 [[management reform]] proposed by the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Add.2] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. Resolution 72/266B also approved the presentation of the requirements for DMSPC in the new section 29A of the [[regular budget]].

== Structure ==
DMSPC is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and consists of two offices headed by Assistant Secretaries-General and one stand-alone division. A third office—the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]—reports to both the USG for DMSPC and the USG for the [[Department of Operational Support]] (DOS). 

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 67-77&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Inter-agency and Intergovernmental Service'''
* '''Secretariat of the [[Fifth Committee]] and [[regular budget|Committee for Programme and Coordination]]'''
* '''[[Administration of justice|Management Evaluation Unit]]'''
* '''Secretariat of the Headquarters Committee on Contracts and the Property Survey Board'''
*: The General Assembly, in paragraph 21 of resolution 72/266B, rejected both the proposed renaming of the HCC to the Advisory Committee on Procurement and its proposed placement in the Business Transformation and Accountability Division.
* '''Business Partner Service'''
*: Provides (1) executive office services for DMSPC; (2) administrative support to the Secretariats of the ACABQ, Board of Auditors and Independent Audit Advisory Committee; (3) administrative support to members of the Committee for Programme and Coordination, Independent Audit Advisory Committee and [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]]; and (4) representatives from the Least-Developed Countries. 
* '''Umoja Project Team'''

=== Office of Programme Planning, Finance and Budget&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 78-95&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: OPPFB is headed by the Assistant Secretary-General, Controller; as such, it is commonly referred to as the Controller's Office. Although the Office was proposed to be called the Office of Finance and Budget, the General Assembly decided on its present name in paragraph 18 of resolution 72/266B.

==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
===== Finance Division =====
: Responsible for financial policy and financial controls and serves as secretariat to the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]].
* '''Financial Policy and Internal Controls Service'''
*: Ensures proper application of the policies and procedures related to financial reporting, contributions, financial risk management, financial and procurement policy and internal controls for all sources of funding.
* '''Financial Reporting and Contributions Service'''
*: Prepares IPSAS-compliant financial statements.
* '''Financial Risk Management Service'''
*: Coordinates and manages health and life insurance programme and property and liability insurance activities. Also manages financial risk through treasury investments, optimized cash management and insurance management. 

===== Field Operations Finance Division =====
: FOFD provides support to both peacekeeping and special political missions on budgeting and financial stewardship, and will be responsible for presentation of budget and performance reports prepared by missions. 
* '''Cross-cutting Global and Regional Financing Service'''
* '''Field Budget and Fast-Track Service'''
* '''Global Asset Management Policy Service'''
*: Provides advice and guidance on property management and real estate services, including oversight of major construction projects and long-term capital planning.

===== Programme Planning and Budget Division =====
* '''Political, Humanitarian Affairs, Legal and International Tribunals Service'''
* '''Development Pillar and Human Rights Service'''
* '''Conferences, Security, Construction and Common Support Service'''

=== Office of Human Resources&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 96-137&lt;/ref&gt; ===
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
: The Assistant Secretary-General for Human Resources represents the Secretary-General on matters related to human resources management when dealing with stakeholders external to the Secretariat, including Member States, UN system organizations, intergovernmental bodies and interagency forums. The ASG also represents the Secretary-General in the conduct of staff-management consultations.
==== Global Strategy and Policy Division ====
* '''Strategy and Policy Development Service'''
*: Develops human resources policies, including on travel and duty of care. 
* '''Strategic Talent Management Service'''
*: Develops organizational strategies to build and support a competent, diverse and engaged workforce through strategic workforce planning, outreach, organizational learning, performance management and staff development. 

==== Administrative Law Division ====
* '''Appeals Management Section'''
*: Represents the Secretary-General before the [[administration of justice|United Nations Dispute Tribunal]] on appeals against administrative decisions.
* '''Conduct and Discipline Service'''
*: Develops and carries out programmes related to the application of the standards of conduct, including the response to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] and sexual and workplace harassment and fraud.
* '''Critical Incident Response Service'''
*: Develops procedures and capacities to provide a flexible, rapid, comprehensive and coordinated response to critical incidents related to the implementation of standards of conduct. Supports the implementation of Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2272(2016) resolution 2272 (2016)] and General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/278 resolution 71/278] related to the repatriation of military or police units when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and abuse.

=== Business Transformation and Accountability Division&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 138-165&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Accountability Systems Service'''
*: Responsible for mainstreaming results-based management and enterprise risk management.
* '''Monitoring and Evaluation Service'''
*: Manages [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]], monitoring and reporting on organizational performance and developing self-evaluation tools for use across the Secretariat. 
* '''Analytics and Project Management Service'''
*: Analyses data from Umoja and other enterprise systems and produces dashboards for use by senior management, departments and legislative bodies.
* '''Secretariat of the Vendor Review Committee'''

== Coordination mechanisms ==

=== Executive Senior Management Committee ===
Integration and unity of effort between DMSPC and DOS is facilitated through the Executive Senior Management Committee, co-chaired by the heads of the two departments. This forum brings together the senior management of the two departments to allow for regular identification and addressing of cross-departmental priorities and strategic issues, including those related to the efficient and effective delivery of services to client entities across the Secretariat.&lt;ref&gt;Annex II of [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Management Client Board ===
The [[Management Client Board]], which is chaired by the heads of DMSPC and DOS, is a standing mechanism by which the different types of entities within the Secretariat can systematically provide their requirements and feedback on service delivery and policy development. 

== See also ==
* [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]
* [[Department of Operational Support]]
* [[Management Client Board]]

=== Relevant documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability (A/72/492/Add.2)]
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/366 Comparative assessment of human resources structures (A/73/366)]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Department of Management</title>
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    <text bytes="1412" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management''' was established in 1997&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/a/52/1(supp) A/52/1(SUPP)] Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization (1997)&lt;/ref&gt; out of the former Department of Administration and Management. It—along with the [[Department of Field Support]]—will be re-engineered into the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]] on 1 January 2019.

== Organizational Bulletins ==

=== Department of Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] (6 December 2010)
* ST/SGB/2005/8 (13 April 2005)
* ST/SGB/2003/15 (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1997/11 (15 September 1997)

=== Office of Central Support Services ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] (3 January 2013)
* ST/SGB/1998/11 (18 June 1998)

=== Office of Human Resources Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] (20 July 2011)
* ST/SGB/2004/8 (7 April 2004)
* ST/SGB/1998/12 (2 November 1998)

=== Office of Information and Communications Technology ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] (21 September 2016)

=== Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts ===
Commonly referred to as the Controller's Office.
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1998/13 (18 June 1998)

== References ==

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  <title>MOU</title>
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  <title>Mission structures</title>
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    <text bytes="7421" xml:space="preserve">Many elements of '''mission structures''' are consistent across missions, though details of reporting lines and nomenclature can vary based on the specifics of the mandate. This page describes the functions and organization of the main structures in a [[multidimensional mission|multidimensional peacekeeping mission]]. 

== Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General ==
The SRSG is the head of mission and is usually the senior UN official in the country. For large field missions, the SRSG is an official of Under-Secretary-General (USG) rank, while in smaller missions the SRSG is often an official of Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) rank. 

=== Office of the Chief of Staff ===
* '''Joint Operations Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) situational awareness and supports mission crisis management.
* '''Joint Mission Analysis Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) integrated analysis and assessments in support of mission planning and decision-making.
* '''Strategic Planning Unit''': supports development of mission-wide planning documents. In most missions, the SPU also tracks the [[peacekeeping financing|results-based budgeting framework]]. 
* '''Board of Inquiry Unit''': supports mission boards of inquiry, which are convened when there are incidents involving death, serious injury or loss or damage to property. 
* '''Conduct and Discipline Team''': supports the Head of Mission on ensuring conduct and discipline in the mission, including in implementing measures to prevent [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].
* '''Legal''' 
* '''Field Office Coordination''': facilitates coordination between mission headquarters and mission offices at the state/region level. 
=== Security section ===
: Headed by a Chief Security Adviser. Often colloquially referred to as DSS, as the key officers are from the UN Department of Safety and Security (DSS). Responsible for ensuring the safety and security of all UN personnel (field mission and UN Country Team) and for supporting the SRSG in his/her role as the Designated Official (DO) responsible for the entire country under the UN Security Management System.
=== Public information ===
: The public information section is headed by the mission spokesperson and is responsible for strategic communications. In some missions, the mission operates a radio station (e.g. Radio Miraya in UNMISS); these are part of the public information section. 

== Substantive component == 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (Political) ===
: DSRSGs are deputies to the SRSG. One of the two deputies is generally responsible for issues related to the peace process or political situation. 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (RC/HC) ===
: In [[integrated mission|structurally-integrated missions]], one of the two DSRSGs concurrently serves as the Resident Coordinator and, in some cases, also the Humanitarian Coordinator. 
=== Substantive offices === 
: These are units reporting to one of the DSRSGs. With the exception of political affairs, which always reports to the DSRSG(P), the various units can report to either DSRSG depending on the specific mission.
* '''Political Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with government and political processes 
* '''Civil Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with communities and local authorities
* '''Electoral Affairs'''
* '''Human Rights''' 
* '''Child Protection'''
* '''Women’s Protection'''
* '''Security Sector Reform'''
* '''Rule of Law/Justice and Corrections'''
* '''Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration'''
* '''Mine Action'''

== Military component ==
The military component in a multidimensional mission is headed by the '''Force Commander'''. The military component can consist of different types of military personnel, including troops, military staff officers, military observers and military liaison officers. 
=== Force headquarters ===
: The day-to-day management of Force Headquarters is the responsibility of the Force Chief of Staff. Force Headquarters are generally arranged along the basis of the continental staff system, as follows:
* '''Personnel and Administration''' (U-1)
* '''Intelligence''' (U-2)
* '''Operations''' (U-3)
* '''Logistics''' (U-4)
* '''Plans and Policy''' (U-5)
* '''Communications''' (U-6)
* '''Training''' (U-7)
* '''Engineering''' (U-8)
* '''CIMIC''' (U-9)
=== Sector headquarters ===
: Due to the size of the mission area, missions are generally organized into multiple sectors, each with a Sector Commander subordinate to the Force Commander. The Force Headquarters structure is often replicated at a lower level for each sector. 

: Note that military sectors do not always align with the organization of mission field offices. 

== Police component ==
The police component is headed by the '''Police Commissioner'''. The police component consists of individually-deployed police officers (IPOs) and, in some missions, formed police units responsible for public order maintenance. In most missions, IPOs have a training and capacity development function, though in some missions, the police component has an executive mandate and exercises law enforcement authority within the mission area. 

== Mission support component ==
The mission support structure presented below reflects the DFS guidance on mission support structures issued in September 2017&lt;ref&gt;DFS Supplementary Guidance on Mission Support Structures, 1 September 2017&lt;/ref&gt;, though some missions still follow the legacy structure and nomenclature. 

The mission support component is headed by a director (D-2) or chief (D-1) of mission support responsible for the general management of the human, financial and physical resources of the mission. The Office of the DMS generally includes the aviation safety, audit response, occupational health and safety and information and records management functions. 

=== Operations and resource management === 
: This pillar brings together cross-cutting mission support functions. 
* '''Human Resources Section'''
* '''Budget/Financial Resourcing and Performance Section'''
* '''Field Technology Section''' (previously Geospatial, Information Technology and Telecommunications Section)
* '''Mission Support Centre''': The support planning function for the mission
=== Service delivery management === 
: The service delivery pillar provides logistics support services to the mission. 
* '''Transport Section''': manages mission vehicle fleet (only UN-owned equipment; does not cover [[contingent-owned equipment]])
* '''Aviation Section''': manages mission air operations, including military utility helicopters. 
* '''Medical Section'''
* '''Engineering and Facilities Maintenance Section'''
* '''Life Support Section''': Manages fuel, rations/catering and general supply. 
=== Supply chain management === 
: This pillar includes the supply chain planning, sourcing, delivery, return and enabling functions.
* '''Property Management Section'''
* '''Acquisitions Management Section''': covers acquisition planning, requisitioning and contract performance evaluation 
* '''Procurement Section'''
* '''Central Warehousing Section'''
* '''Movement Control Section''' (MOVCON): Facilitates the movement of UN-owned equipment, contingent-owned equipment and personnel

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7506" xml:space="preserve">Many elements of '''mission structures''' are consistent across missions, though details of reporting lines and nomenclature can vary based on the specifics of the mandate. This page describes the functions and organization of the main structures in a [[multidimensional mission|multidimensional peacekeeping mission]]. 

== Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General ==
The SRSG is the head of mission and is usually the senior UN official in the country. For large field missions, the SRSG is an official of Under-Secretary-General (USG) rank, while in smaller missions the SRSG is often an official of Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) rank. 

=== Office of the Chief of Staff ===
* '''Joint Operations Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) situational awareness and supports mission crisis management.
* '''Joint Mission Analysis Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) integrated analysis and assessments in support of mission planning and decision-making.
* '''Strategic Planning Unit''': supports development of mission-wide planning documents. In most missions, the SPU also tracks the [[peacekeeping financing|results-based budgeting framework]]. 
* '''Board of Inquiry Unit''': supports mission boards of inquiry, which are convened when there are incidents involving death, serious injury or loss or damage to property. 
* '''Conduct and Discipline Team''': supports the Head of Mission on ensuring conduct and discipline in the mission, including in implementing measures to prevent [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].
* '''Legal''' 
* '''Field Office Coordination''': facilitates coordination between mission headquarters and mission offices at the state/region level. 
=== Security section ===
: Headed by a Chief Security Adviser. Often colloquially referred to as DSS, as the key officers are from the UN Department of Safety and Security (DSS). Responsible for ensuring the safety and security of all UN personnel (field mission and UN Country Team) and for supporting the SRSG in his/her role as the Designated Official (DO) responsible for the entire country under the UN Security Management System.
=== Public information ===
: The public information section is headed by the mission spokesperson and is responsible for strategic communications. In some missions, the mission operates a radio station (e.g. Radio Miraya in UNMISS); these are part of the public information section. 

== Substantive component == 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (Political) ===
: DSRSGs are deputies to the SRSG. One of the two deputies is generally responsible for issues related to the peace process or political situation. 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (RC/HC) ===
: In [[integrated mission|structurally-integrated missions]], one of the two DSRSGs concurrently serves as the Resident Coordinator and, in some cases, also the Humanitarian Coordinator. 
=== Substantive offices === 
: These are units reporting to one of the DSRSGs. With the exception of political affairs, which always reports to the DSRSG(P), the various units can report to either DSRSG depending on the specific mission.
* '''Political Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with government and political processes 
* '''Civil Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with communities and local authorities
* '''Electoral Affairs'''
* '''Human Rights''' 
* '''Child Protection'''
* '''Women’s Protection'''
* '''Security Sector Reform'''
* '''Rule of Law/Justice and Corrections'''
* '''Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration'''
* '''Mine Action'''

== Military component ==
The [[military component]] in a multidimensional mission is headed by the '''Force Commander'''. The military component can consist of different types of military personnel, including troops, military staff officers, [[military observers]] and military liaison officers. 
=== Force headquarters&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89596 Force Headquarters Handbook]&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: The day-to-day management of Force Headquarters is the responsibility of the Force Chief of Staff. Force Headquarters are generally arranged along the basis of the continental staff system, as follows:
* '''Personnel and Administration''' (U-1)
* '''Intelligence''' (U-2)
* '''Operations''' (U-3)
* '''Logistics''' (U-4)
* '''Plans and Policy''' (U-5)
* '''Communications''' (U-6)
* '''Training''' (U-7)
* '''Engineering''' (U-8)
* '''CIMIC''' (U-9)
=== Sector headquarters ===
: Due to the size of the mission area, missions are generally organized into multiple sectors, each with a Sector Commander subordinate to the Force Commander. The Force Headquarters structure is often replicated at a lower level for each sector. 

: Note that military sectors do not always align with the organization of mission field offices. 

== Police component ==
The police component is headed by the '''Police Commissioner'''. The police component consists of individually-deployed police officers (IPOs) and, in some missions, formed police units responsible for public order maintenance. In most missions, IPOs have a training and capacity development function, though in some missions, the police component has an executive mandate and exercises law enforcement authority within the mission area. 

== Mission support component ==
The mission support structure presented below reflects the DFS guidance on mission support structures issued in September 2017&lt;ref&gt;DFS Supplementary Guidance on Mission Support Structures, 1 September 2017&lt;/ref&gt;, though some missions still follow the legacy structure and nomenclature. 

The mission support component is headed by a director (D-2) or chief (D-1) of mission support responsible for the general management of the human, financial and physical resources of the mission. The Office of the DMS generally includes the aviation safety, audit response, occupational health and safety and information and records management functions. 

=== Operations and resource management === 
: This pillar brings together cross-cutting mission support functions. 
* '''Human Resources Section'''
* '''Budget/Financial Resourcing and Performance Section'''
* '''Field Technology Section''' (previously Geospatial, Information Technology and Telecommunications Section)
* '''Mission Support Centre''': The support planning function for the mission
=== Service delivery management === 
: The service delivery pillar provides logistics support services to the mission. 
* '''Transport Section''': manages mission vehicle fleet (only UN-owned equipment; does not cover [[contingent-owned equipment]])
* '''Aviation Section''': manages mission air operations, including military utility helicopters. 
* '''Medical Section'''
* '''Engineering and Facilities Maintenance Section'''
* '''Life Support Section''': Manages fuel, rations/catering and general supply. 
=== Supply chain management === 
: This pillar includes the supply chain planning, sourcing, delivery, return and enabling functions.
* '''Property Management Section'''
* '''Acquisitions Management Section''': covers acquisition planning, requisitioning and contract performance evaluation 
* '''Procurement Section'''
* '''Central Warehousing Section'''
* '''Movement Control Section''' (MOVCON): Facilitates the movement of UN-owned equipment, contingent-owned equipment and personnel

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping financing</title>
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    <text bytes="12100" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff, with support from the chief human resources officer and chief budget officer. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year.  

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget, usually during mission start-up or expansion. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]]</text>
    <sha1>3d4a2900db168190744dde0322310020d0f951de</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <text bytes="12256" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff, with support from the chief human resources officer and chief budget officer. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget, usually during mission start-up or expansion. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]]</text>
    <sha1>6ee9e7e5793dab722c7a70a3446c847fd6d75fd0</sha1>
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    <text bytes="12420" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget, usually during mission start-up or expansion. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]]</text>
    <sha1>ad636efd0d9e0ef71eac1edc7428569feeeaafd7</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20181228195639|204">
  <title>Department of Operational Support</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The '''Department of Operational Support''' (DOS) is the department within the management architecture of the Secretariat that serves as the key enabler to heads of entities a..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="9689" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Operational Support''' (DOS) is the department within the management architecture of the Secretariat that serves as the key enabler to heads of entities across the Secretariat in the exercise of their delegated authority through the provision of advice and guidance, delivery of global support functions, delivery on operational training requirements and provision of support to special situations such as start-up and crisis response.

== History ==

DOS was established on 1 January 2019 following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B] of 5 July 2018. Creation of DOS was part of the 2018 [[management reform]] proposed by the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Add.2] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. Resolution 72/266B also approved the presentation of the requirements for DOS in the new section 29B of the [[regular budget]].

== Structure ==
DOS is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and consists of two offices headed by Assistant Secretaries-General and a number of stand-alone divisions. A third office—the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]—reports to both the USG for DOS and the USG for the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] (DMSPC).

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 167-171&lt;/ref&gt; === 
* '''Performance and Analytics Section'''
* '''Audit Response and Boards of Inquiry Section'''
* '''Environment Section'''
*: Responsible for supporting the sustainability management framework in peace operations and coordinating the implementation of the action plan for integrating sustainable development practice into Secretariat-wide operations and facilities management, as endorsed by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/219 resolution 72/219].

=== Office of Support Operations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 172-186&lt;/ref&gt; === 
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
* '''Capacity Development and Operational Training Service'''
*: Supports entities in building and improving capacities required to exercise delegated authorities in an accountable manner, including by developing business processes and systems for implementing administrative policies across the Secretariat. Includes training and knowledge-management posts co-located with the Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training in the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. 
==== Human Resources Service Division ====
* '''Staffing Service'''
*: Responsible for staffing-related support such as process design for staffing, testing and examinations; operational workforce planning and organizational design; roster management across all job families; administration of the Young Professionals Programme; and facilitating recruitment for entities without the associated delegated authorities. 
* '''Operational Support and Advisory Service'''
*: Provides advice on the implementation of the Staff Regulations and Rules and human resources management policies. 
==== Healthcare Management and Occupational Safety and Health Division ====
: Consolidates medical and occupational health capacities previously located in separate departments. The work of the Division relates primarily to (1) provision of occupational safety and health services to United Nations staff and (2) health systems administration, including clinical standards, health workforce management and review of [[death and disability compensation|compensation claims from uniformed personnel]]. 

=== Office of Supply Chain Management&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 187-226&lt;/ref&gt; === 
: Brings together the procurement and logistics capacities that previously resided in separate departments into an integrated end-to-end supply chain organized on the basis of the supply chain operational reference model. While entities across the Secretariat have greater procurement authority in the new delegation of authority framework, the Office will centrally manage requirements for high-value and strategic, complex commodities such as aviation, information and communications technology, rations, fuel, engineering and pharmaceuticals. 
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
* '''Aviation Safety Team'''
* '''Enabling Section'''
*: Manages performance management framework, performs vendor registration and outreach and develops operational guidance and best practices on supply chain management.
==== Logistics Division ====
* '''Supply Chain Planning Service'''
:* Handles demand forecasting, source planning and delivery. 
* '''Sourcing Support Service'''
*: Organized by major category of requirement (medical, engineering, rations, fuel, ground transportation, general supplies and security).
* '''Movement Control Section'''
*: Provides strategic lift of military and police personnel, [[contingent-owned equipment]] and United Nations-owned equipment. Also manages freight forwarding contracts. 
* '''Air Transport Service'''
==== Procurement Division ====
: Performs core procurement functions such as solicitation exercises, commercial evaluations, recommendations on qualified offers and contract administration. PD is organized on the basis of the same category management approach as the Logistics Division (as per the previous structure, which was arranged based on the type of client entity, e.g. Headquarters vs. field) but is kept separate from the Sourcing Support Service in the Logistics Division to maintain a segregation of duties. 
* '''Aviation, Major Commodities and Regional Service'''
* '''Real Estate, Information Technology and Corporate Service'''
==== Uniformed Capabilities Support Division ====
: Consolidates capacities previously split across two departments to facilitate more responsive support to troop- and police-contributing countries and faster processing of claims. Single point of contact on all administrative and logistical issues related to [[force generation]], [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]], [[contingent-owned equipment]] and [[personnel reimbursement]]. 

=== Division for Special Activities&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 227-239&lt;/ref&gt; === 
* '''Resource Planning and Analysis Section'''
* '''Operational Planning Service'''
:* Support planning for new or changing mandates, provide assistance and advice on support-related planning and maintains planning guidelines and SOPs.
* '''Client Support and Special Situations Service'''
:* Provides advisory and support services during start-up, transition, downsizing and liquidation. 
* '''Support Partnerships Service'''
:* Coordinates support arrangements both when the United Nations provides support to a non-Secretariat entity (including [[Support to African peace support operations]]) and when the United Nations is the recipient of bilateral assistance. Provides Headquarters backstopping support to the [[United Nations Support Office in Somalia]]. 

=== Division of Administration, New York&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 240-247&lt;/ref&gt; === 
: Handles Headquarters campus support, in a similar manner to the divisions of administration in Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi. The Headquarters information and communications technology support functions originally proposed to be located in the Division of Administration were instead consolidated into the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]] by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B].
* '''Headquarters Client Support Section'''
*: Executive Office of DOS and OICT. Also provides administrative support to offices at Headquarters without their own dedicated executive office or administrative unit. 
* '''Facilities and Commercial Activities Service'''
:* Keeps the lights on in the Secretariat Building. Also includes the United Nations Postal Administration and the Archives and Records Management Section. 

=== Global Shared Services&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 275-277&lt;/ref&gt; ===

== Coordination mechanisms ==

=== Executive Senior Management Committee ===
Integration and unity of effort between DMSPC and DOS is facilitated through the Executive Senior Management Committee, co-chaired by the heads of the two departments. This forum brings together the senior management of the two departments to allow for regular identification and addressing of cross-departmental priorities and strategic issues, including those related to the efficient and effective delivery of services to client entities across the Secretariat.&lt;ref&gt;Annex II of [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Management Client Board ===
The [[Management Client Board]], which is chaired by the heads of DMSPC and DOS, is a standing mechanism by which the different types of entities within the Secretariat can systematically provide their requirements and feedback on service delivery and policy development. 

== See also ==
* [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]
* [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]]
* [[Management Client Board]]

=== Relevant documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability (A/72/492/Add.2)]
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/366 Comparative assessment of human resources structures (A/73/366)]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10433" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Operational Support''' (DOS) is the department within the management architecture of the Secretariat that serves as the key enabler to heads of entities across the Secretariat in the exercise of their delegated authority through the provision of advice and guidance, delivery of global support functions, delivery on operational training requirements and provision of support to special situations such as start-up and crisis response.

== History ==

DOS was established on 1 January 2019 following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B] of 5 July 2018. Creation of DOS was part of the 2018 [[management reform]] proposed by the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Add.2] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. Resolution 72/266B also approved the presentation of the requirements for DOS in the new section 29B of the [[regular budget]].

== Structure ==
DOS is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and consists of two offices headed by Assistant Secretaries-General and a number of stand-alone divisions. A third office—the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]—reports to both the USG for DOS and the USG for the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] (DMSPC).

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 167-171&lt;/ref&gt; === 
* '''Performance and Analytics Section'''
* '''Audit Response and Boards of Inquiry Section'''
* '''Environment Section'''
*: Responsible for supporting the sustainability management framework in peace operations and coordinating the implementation of the action plan for integrating sustainable development practice into Secretariat-wide operations and facilities management, as endorsed by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/219 resolution 72/219].

=== Office of Support Operations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 172-186&lt;/ref&gt; === 
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
* '''Capacity Development and Operational Training Service'''
*: Supports entities in building and improving capacities required to exercise delegated authorities in an accountable manner, including by developing business processes and systems for implementing administrative policies across the Secretariat. Includes training and knowledge-management posts co-located with the Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training in the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. 
==== Human Resources Service Division ====
* '''Staffing Service'''
*: Responsible for staffing-related support such as process design for staffing, testing and examinations; operational workforce planning and organizational design; roster management across all job families; administration of the Young Professionals Programme; and facilitating recruitment for entities without the associated delegated authorities. 
* '''Operational Support and Advisory Service'''
*: Provides advice on the implementation of the Staff Regulations and Rules and human resources management policies. 
==== Healthcare Management and Occupational Safety and Health Division ====
: Consolidates medical and occupational health capacities previously located in separate departments (the Medical Services Division in [[Department of Management|DM]]/OHRM, the HIV/AIDS unit in DPKO-DFS/DPET and the Field Occupational Safety Risk Management function in DPKO-DFS/OCoS). The work of the Division relates primarily to (1) provision of occupational safety and health services to United Nations staff and (2) health systems administration, including clinical standards, health workforce management and review of [[death and disability compensation|compensation claims from uniformed personnel]]. 

=== Office of Supply Chain Management&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 187-226&lt;/ref&gt; === 
: Brings together the procurement and logistics capacities that previously resided in separate departments into an integrated end-to-end supply chain organized on the basis of the supply chain operational reference model. While entities across the Secretariat have greater procurement authority in the new delegation of authority framework, the Office will centrally manage requirements for high-value and strategic, complex commodities such as aviation, information and communications technology, rations, fuel, engineering and pharmaceuticals. 
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
* '''Aviation Safety Team'''
* '''Enabling Section'''
*: Manages performance management framework, performs vendor registration and outreach and develops operational guidance and best practices on supply chain management.
==== Logistics Division ====
* '''Supply Chain Planning Service'''
:* Handles demand forecasting, source planning and delivery. 
* '''Sourcing Support Service'''
*: Organized by major category of requirement (medical, engineering, rations, fuel, ground transportation, general supplies and security).
* '''Movement Control Section'''
*: Provides strategic lift of military and police personnel, [[contingent-owned equipment]] and United Nations-owned equipment. Also manages freight forwarding contracts. 
* '''Air Transport Service'''
==== Procurement Division ====
: Performs core procurement functions such as solicitation exercises, commercial evaluations, recommendations on qualified offers and contract administration. PD is organized on the basis of the same category management approach as the Logistics Division (as per the previous structure, which was arranged based on the type of client entity, e.g. Headquarters vs. field) but is kept separate from the Sourcing Support Service in the Logistics Division to maintain a segregation of duties. 
* '''Aviation, Major Commodities and Regional Service'''
* '''Real Estate, Information Technology and Corporate Service'''
==== Uniformed Capabilities Support Division ====
: Consolidates capacities previously split across two departments (Reimbursement Policy and Liaison Section and MOU and Claims Management Section in DFS/FBFD, COE Unit in DFS/LSD and personnel reimbursement functions in DM/OPPBA) to facilitate more responsive support to troop- and police-contributing countries and faster processing of claims. Single point of contact on all administrative and logistical issues related to [[force generation]], [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]], [[contingent-owned equipment]] and [[personnel reimbursement]]. 

=== Division for Special Activities&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 227-239&lt;/ref&gt; === 
* '''Resource Planning and Analysis Section'''
* '''Operational Planning Service'''
:* Support planning for new or changing mandates, provide assistance and advice on support-related planning and maintains planning guidelines and SOPs.
* '''Client Support and Special Situations Service'''
:* Provides advisory and support services during start-up, transition, downsizing and liquidation. 
* '''Support Partnerships Service'''
:* Coordinates support arrangements both when the United Nations provides support to a non-Secretariat entity (including [[Support to African peace support operations]]) and when the United Nations is the recipient of bilateral assistance. Provides Headquarters backstopping support to the [[United Nations Support Office in Somalia]].
* '''Support officers'''
*: Six support officers in the Division for Special Activities are available to the Under-Secretary-General for [[Department of Peace Operations|Peace Operations]] to provide expertise on support matters to the teams backstopping peace operations at Headquarters. 

=== Division of Administration, New York&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 240-247&lt;/ref&gt; === 
: Handles Headquarters campus support, in a similar manner to the divisions of administration in Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi. The Headquarters information and communications technology support functions originally proposed to be located in the Division of Administration were instead consolidated into the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]] by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B].
* '''Headquarters Client Support Section'''
*: Executive Office of DOS and OICT. Also provides administrative support to offices at Headquarters without their own dedicated executive office or administrative unit. 
* '''Facilities and Commercial Activities Service'''
:* Keeps the lights on in the Secretariat Building. Also includes the United Nations Postal Administration and the Archives and Records Management Section. 

=== Global Shared Services&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 275-277&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: Pending General Assembly approval of shared service centres under the [[Global Service Delivery Model]].

== Coordination mechanisms ==

=== Executive Senior Management Committee ===
Integration and unity of effort between DMSPC and DOS is facilitated through the Executive Senior Management Committee, co-chaired by the heads of the two departments. This forum brings together the senior management of the two departments to allow for regular identification and addressing of cross-departmental priorities and strategic issues, including those related to the efficient and effective delivery of services to client entities across the Secretariat.&lt;ref&gt;Annex II of [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Management Client Board ===
The [[Management Client Board]], which is chaired by the heads of DMSPC and DOS, is a standing mechanism by which the different types of entities within the Secretariat can systematically provide their requirements and feedback on service delivery and policy development. 

== See also ==
* [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]
* [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]]
* [[Management Client Board]]

=== Relevant documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability (A/72/492/Add.2)]
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/366 Comparative assessment of human resources structures (A/73/366)]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance</title>
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    <text bytes="8756" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance''' (DMSPC) is the department within the [[management reform|management architecture]] of the Secretariat that provides policy leadership in all management areas through an integrated management strategy and policy framework, including the monitoring of compliance with the framework in the exercise of delegated authority by heads of Secretariat entities. 

== History ==

DMSPC was established on 1 January 2019 following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B] of 5 July 2018. Creation of DMSPC was part of the 2018 [[management reform]] proposed by the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Add.2] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. Resolution 72/266B also approved the presentation of the requirements for DMSPC in the new section 29A of the [[regular budget]].

== Structure ==
DMSPC is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and consists of two offices headed by Assistant Secretaries-General and one stand-alone division. A third office—the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]—reports to both the USG for DMSPC and the USG for the [[Department of Operational Support]] (DOS). 

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 67-77&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Inter-agency and Intergovernmental Service'''
* '''Secretariat of the [[Fifth Committee]] and [[regular budget|Committee for Programme and Coordination]]'''
* '''[[Administration of justice|Management Evaluation Unit]]'''
* '''Secretariat of the Headquarters Committee on Contracts and the Property Survey Board'''
*: The General Assembly, in paragraph 21 of resolution 72/266B, rejected both the proposed renaming of the HCC to the Advisory Committee on Procurement and its proposed placement in the Business Transformation and Accountability Division.
* '''Business Partner Service'''
*: Provides (1) executive office services for DMSPC; (2) administrative support to the Secretariats of the ACABQ, Board of Auditors and Independent Audit Advisory Committee; (3) administrative support to members of the Committee for Programme and Coordination, Independent Audit Advisory Committee and [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]]; and (4) representatives from the Least-Developed Countries. 
* '''Umoja Project Team'''

=== Office of Programme Planning, Finance and Budget&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 78-95&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: OPPFB is headed by the Assistant Secretary-General, Controller; as such, it is commonly referred to as the Controller's Office. Although the Office was proposed to be called the Office of Finance and Budget, the General Assembly decided on its present name in paragraph 18 of resolution 72/266B.

==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
==== Finance Division ====
: Responsible for financial policy and financial controls and serves as secretariat to the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]].
* '''Financial Policy and Internal Controls Service'''
*: Ensures proper application of the policies and procedures related to financial reporting, contributions, financial risk management, financial and procurement policy and internal controls for all sources of funding.
* '''Financial Reporting and Contributions Service'''
*: Prepares IPSAS-compliant financial statements.
* '''Financial Risk Management Service'''
*: Coordinates and manages health and life insurance programme and property and liability insurance activities. Also manages financial risk through treasury investments, optimized cash management and insurance management. 

==== Field Operations Finance Division ====
: FOFD provides support to both peacekeeping and special political missions on budgeting and financial stewardship, and will be responsible for presentation of budget and performance reports prepared by missions. 
* '''Cross-cutting Global and Regional Financing Service'''
* '''Field Budget and Fast-Track Service'''
* '''Global Asset Management Policy Service'''
*: Provides advice and guidance on property management and real estate services, including oversight of major construction projects and long-term capital planning.

==== Programme Planning and Budget Division ====
* '''Political, Humanitarian Affairs, Legal and International Tribunals Service'''
* '''Development Pillar and Human Rights Service'''
* '''Conferences, Security, Construction and Common Support Service'''

=== Office of Human Resources&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 96-137&lt;/ref&gt; ===
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
: The Assistant Secretary-General for Human Resources represents the Secretary-General on matters related to human resources management when dealing with stakeholders external to the Secretariat, including Member States, UN system organizations, intergovernmental bodies and interagency forums. The ASG also represents the Secretary-General in the conduct of staff-management consultations.
==== Global Strategy and Policy Division ====
* '''Strategy and Policy Development Service'''
*: Develops human resources policies, including on travel and duty of care. 
* '''Strategic Talent Management Service'''
*: Develops organizational strategies to build and support a competent, diverse and engaged workforce through strategic workforce planning, outreach, organizational learning, performance management and staff development. 

==== Administrative Law Division ====
* '''Appeals Management Section'''
*: Represents the Secretary-General before the [[administration of justice|United Nations Dispute Tribunal]] on appeals against administrative decisions.
* '''Conduct and Discipline Service'''
*: Develops and carries out programmes related to the application of the standards of conduct, including the response to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] and sexual and workplace harassment and fraud.
* '''Critical Incident Response Service'''
*: Develops procedures and capacities to provide a flexible, rapid, comprehensive and coordinated response to critical incidents related to the implementation of standards of conduct. Supports the implementation of Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2272(2016) resolution 2272 (2016)] and General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/278 resolution 71/278] related to the repatriation of military or police units when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and abuse.

=== Business Transformation and Accountability Division&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 138-165&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Accountability Systems Service'''
*: Responsible for mainstreaming results-based management and enterprise risk management.
* '''Monitoring and Evaluation Service'''
*: Manages [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]], monitoring and reporting on organizational performance and developing self-evaluation tools for use across the Secretariat. 
* '''Analytics and Project Management Service'''
*: Analyses data from Umoja and other enterprise systems and produces dashboards for use by senior management, departments and legislative bodies.
* '''Secretariat of the Vendor Review Committee'''

== Coordination mechanisms ==

=== Executive Senior Management Committee ===
Integration and unity of effort between DMSPC and DOS is facilitated through the Executive Senior Management Committee, co-chaired by the heads of the two departments. This forum brings together the senior management of the two departments to allow for regular identification and addressing of cross-departmental priorities and strategic issues, including those related to the efficient and effective delivery of services to client entities across the Secretariat.&lt;ref&gt;Annex II of [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Management Client Board ===
The [[Management Client Board]], which is chaired by the heads of DMSPC and DOS, is a standing mechanism by which the different types of entities within the Secretariat can systematically provide their requirements and feedback on service delivery and policy development. 

== See also ==
* [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]
* [[Department of Operational Support]]
* [[Management Client Board]]

=== Relevant documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability (A/72/492/Add.2)]
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/366 Comparative assessment of human resources structures (A/73/366)]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10119" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance''' (DMSPC) is the department within the [[management reform|management architecture]] of the Secretariat that provides policy leadership in all management areas through an integrated management strategy and policy framework, including the monitoring of compliance with the framework in the exercise of delegated authority by heads of Secretariat entities. 

The strategy, policy and compliance functions of DMSPC contrast with those of the [[Department of Operational Support]], which is focused on execution and supporting other Secretariat entities in the exercise of [[regulations and rules|delegated authority]].

== History ==

DMSPC was established on 1 January 2019 following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B] of 5 July 2018. Creation of DMSPC was part of the 2018 [[management reform]] proposed by the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Add.2] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. Resolution 72/266B also approved the presentation of the requirements for DMSPC in the new section 29A of the [[regular budget]].

== Structure ==
DMSPC is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and consists of two offices headed by Assistant Secretaries-General and one stand-alone division. A third office—the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]—reports to both the USG for DMSPC and the USG for the [[Department of Operational Support]] (DOS). 

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 67-77&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Inter-agency and Intergovernmental Service'''
*: Supports the engagement of the Under-Secretary-General with inter-agency forums, intergovernmental bodies and Member States.
* '''Secretariat of the [[Fifth Committee]] and [[regular budget|Committee for Programme and Coordination]]'''
* '''[[Administration of justice|Management Evaluation Unit]]'''
*: The MEU is responsible for management evaluation, which is the first step in the formal system of administration of justice. Management evaluation is an opportunity to review a contested administrative decision and reduce the number of cases that proceed to formal litigation.  
* '''Secretariat of the Headquarters Committee on Contracts and the Property Survey Board'''
*: The General Assembly, in paragraph 21 of resolution 72/266B, rejected both the proposed renaming of the HCC to the Advisory Committee on Procurement and its proposed placement in the Business Transformation and Accountability Division.
* '''Business Partner Service'''
*: Provides (1) executive office services for DMSPC; (2) administrative support to the Secretariats of the ACABQ, Board of Auditors and Independent Audit Advisory Committee; (3) administrative support to members of the Committee for Programme and Coordination, Independent Audit Advisory Committee and [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]]; and (4) representatives from the Least-Developed Countries. 
* '''Umoja Project Team'''

=== Office of Programme Planning, Finance and Budget&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 78-95&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: OPPFB is headed by the Assistant Secretary-General, Controller; as such, it is commonly referred to as the Controller's Office. Although the Office was proposed to be called the Office of Finance and Budget, the General Assembly decided on its present name in paragraph 18 of resolution 72/266B.

==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
==== Finance Division ====
: Responsible for financial policy and financial controls and serves as secretariat to the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]].
* '''Financial Policy and Internal Controls Service'''
*: Ensures proper application of the policies and procedures related to financial reporting, contributions, financial risk management, financial and procurement policy and internal controls for all sources of funding.
* '''Financial Reporting and Contributions Service'''
*: Prepares IPSAS-compliant financial statements.
* '''Financial Risk Management Service'''
*: Coordinates and manages health and life insurance programme and property and liability insurance activities. Also manages financial risk through treasury investments, optimized cash management and insurance management. 

==== Field Operations Finance Division ====
: FOFD provides support to both [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] and [[special political missions]] on budgeting and financial stewardship, and will be responsible for presentation of budget and performance reports prepared by missions. 
* '''Cross-cutting Global and Regional Financing Service'''
*: Supports preparation of the budgets and performance reports for the support account, United Nations Logistics Base and Regional Service Centre. 
* '''Field Budget and Fast-Track Service'''
*: Supports preparation of the budgets and performance reports for peacekeeping and special political mission budgets as well as fast-track and supplementary financing (see [[commitment authority]]). 
* '''Global Asset Management Policy Service'''
*: Provides advice and guidance on property management and real estate services, including oversight of major construction projects and long-term capital planning.

==== Programme Planning and Budget Division ====
: PPBD supports the preparation and presentation of the budget and performance reports for the [[programme budget|programme (regular) budget]] and manages [[extrabudgetary resources]], including financial reporting for trust funds. Its work is divided across three services based on the type of activity funded. 
* '''Political, Humanitarian Affairs, Legal and International Tribunals Service'''
* '''Development Pillar and Human Rights Service'''
* '''Conferences, Security, Construction and Common Support Service'''

=== Office of Human Resources&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 96-137&lt;/ref&gt; ===
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
: The Assistant Secretary-General for Human Resources represents the Secretary-General on matters related to human resources management when dealing with stakeholders external to the Secretariat, including Member States, UN system organizations, intergovernmental bodies and interagency forums. The ASG also represents the Secretary-General in the conduct of staff-management consultations.
==== Global Strategy and Policy Division ====
* '''Strategy and Policy Development Service'''
*: Develops human resources policies, including on travel and duty of care. 
* '''Strategic Talent Management Service'''
*: Develops organizational strategies to build and support a competent, diverse and engaged workforce through strategic workforce planning, outreach, organizational learning, performance management and staff development. 

==== Administrative Law Division ====
* '''Appeals Management Section'''
*: Represents the Secretary-General before the [[administration of justice|United Nations Dispute Tribunal]] on appeals against administrative decisions.
* '''Conduct and Discipline Service'''
*: Develops and carries out programmes related to the application of the standards of conduct, including the response to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] and sexual and workplace harassment and fraud.
* '''Critical Incident Response Service'''
*: Develops procedures and capacities to provide a flexible, rapid, comprehensive and coordinated response to critical incidents related to the implementation of standards of conduct. Supports the implementation of Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2272(2016) resolution 2272 (2016)] and General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/278 resolution 71/278] related to the repatriation of military or police units when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and abuse.

=== Business Transformation and Accountability Division&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 138-165&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Accountability Systems Service'''
*: Responsible for mainstreaming results-based management and enterprise risk management.
* '''Monitoring and Evaluation Service'''
*: Manages [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]], monitoring and reporting on organizational performance and developing self-evaluation tools for use across the Secretariat. 
* '''Analytics and Project Management Service'''
*: Analyses data from Umoja and other enterprise systems and produces dashboards for use by senior management, departments and legislative bodies.
* '''Secretariat of the Vendor Review Committee'''

== Coordination mechanisms ==

=== Executive Senior Management Committee ===
Integration and unity of effort between DMSPC and DOS is facilitated through the Executive Senior Management Committee, co-chaired by the heads of the two departments. This forum brings together the senior management of the two departments to allow for regular identification and addressing of cross-departmental priorities and strategic issues, including those related to the efficient and effective delivery of services to client entities across the Secretariat.&lt;ref&gt;Annex II of [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Management Client Board ===
The [[Management Client Board]], which is chaired by the heads of DMSPC and DOS, is a standing mechanism by which the different types of entities within the Secretariat can systematically provide their requirements and feedback on service delivery and policy development. 

== See also ==
* [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]
* [[Department of Operational Support]]
* [[Management Client Board]]

=== Relevant documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability (A/72/492/Add.2)]
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/366 Comparative assessment of human resources structures (A/73/366)]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Categories of personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="9964" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either professional or service tasks. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the Noblemaire principle). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the Flemming principle) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== Seconded military and police personnel ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Military component</title>
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    <text bytes="6698" xml:space="preserve">The '''military component''' of a mission consists of all of the troops and military [[categories of personnel|experts on mission]] deployed to a mission.

== Force Headquarters ==
Force Headquarters (FHQ) is the structure at the mission headquarters that coordinates the activities of the military component.
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89596 United Nations Force Headquarters Handbook] (2014)
=== Key Officers ===
* '''Force Commander''' 
*: The Force Commander (FC) is the head of the military component and is responsible for aligning the operations of the military component with the objectives of the broader mission.
* '''Deputy Force Commander'''
*: The Deputy Force Commander (DFC) assists the FC in exercising command functions, either in absentia or through delegated authority.
* '''Force Chief of Staff''' 
*: The Force Chief of Staff (COS) directs, coordinates and supervises the military staff at Force Headquarters. In smaller missions, the DFS and FCOS functions may be performed by the same individual. Should not be confused with the [[mission structures#Office of the Chief of Staff|mission chief of staff]]. 
* '''Deputy Force Chief of Staff''' 
*: The Deputy Force Chief of Staff (DCOS) deputizes in the absence of the COS and oversees the work of the operational sections (U-2, U-3, U-5, U-6) of the Headquarters staff. In large missions, there may be additional deputies to oversee the support (U-4, U-8, U-9) and/or personnel sections (U-1 and U-7) of the Headquarters staff
=== Staff organization ===
Force Headquarters structures are modular and may differ from mission to mission but are generally organized on the basis of the continental staff system. 
* U-1: Personnel (PER)
* U-2: Information (INTEL)
* U-3: Operations (OPS)
* U-4: Logistics (LOG)
* U-5: Plans 
* U-6: Communications (COMM)
* U-7: Training (TNG)
* U-8: Engineering (ENG)
* U-9: Civil-Military Coordination (CIMIC)
=== Embedded staff officers ===
Military staff officers are also embedded in other components of the mission, including the integrated structures overseen by the mission Chief of Staff (e.g. [[JOC]] and [[JMAC]]) and in the [[mission support component]]. 

== Military contingents ==
Each individual military unit in a peacekeeping mission is deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed by the United Nations and the troop-contributing country as part of the [[force generation]] process. The General Assembly established a typical rotation period of 12 months for contingents&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 5 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/956 A/67/956 Operational circumstances and requirements that may demand rotation periods shorter than 12 months]&lt;/ref&gt;. Troop-contributing countries are reimbursed for [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] at rates established by the General Assembly. 
=== Infantry Battalion ===
Infantry battalions are the standard building blocks of military components in peacekeeping missions. The Infantry Battalion Manual (UNIBAM) is a reference guide for battalion commanders in two volumes covering the role, capabilities and tasks of infantry battalions in peacekeeping missions. 
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89545 Infantry Battalion Manual, Volumes I and II] (2012)
=== Specialized Units ===
In addition to infantry battalions, missions also have specialized units. Medical, signal, logistics, construction engineering, transportation and movement units (including military transport helicopter units) are enabling units and are subject to the tasking authority of the civilian director or chief of mission support&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387420 2008.04 Policy on Authority, Command and Control in UN Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt;. Manuals for eleven different types of military units intended as reference guides for commanders in the field and staff in peacekeeping operations were finalized and issued over the course of 2015. 
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89591 Military Aviation Unit Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387296 Military Engineer Unit Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89960 Military Force Headquarters Support Unit Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/90518 Military Logistics Unit Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387297 Military Maritime Task Force Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/96199 Military Police Unit Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/90512 Military Reconnaissance Unit Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387298 Military Riverine Unit Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/90515 Military Signals Unit Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89590 Military Special Forces Manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387396 Military Transport Unit Manual]
=== National Support Element ===
Contingents may also deploy with a national support element (NSE) to provide administrative and logistical services with national standards of support that may exceed or differ from the stated UN requirement. Members of NSE are considered United Nations personnel with the status of [[categories of personnel#Other personnel|expert on mission]] but the contributing country does not receive personnel reimbursement for members of NSE. 
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387380 2015.17 Policy on National Support Elements] 

== Military Experts on Mission ==
Military observers (UNMO) are unarmed military officers with the status of [[categories of personnel#Other personnel|expert on mission]] deployed to monitor and supervise ceasefires, truces and/or armistice agreements. Military observers are part of the military component, reporting to the Force Commander. UNMOs are generally deployed in teams across the mission area. A UNMO Operations/Administration Cell at FHQ led by the Senior Military Observer (SMO) handles administrative requirements and manages the operational activities of UNMO teams. 
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Policy on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 UN Military Experts on Mission Manual]

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Mission structures]]
* [[Peacekeeping performance]]
=== Relevant documents ===
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89558 2013.10 Policy on Military Capability Studies]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400555 2016.23 Guidelines on Military Support for Public Order Management in Peacekeeping Missions]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400571 2016.24 Guidelines on Use of Force by Military Components in Peacekeeping Operations]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Department of Field Support</title>
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    <text bytes="4335" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Field Support''' was a department dedicated to delivering administrative and logistical support to [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping]] and [[special political missions]]. It existed from July 2007 to December 2018. In addition to the Office of the Under-Secretary-General and Office of the Assistant Secretary-General, it consisted of four divisions:
* Field Budget and Finance Division
* Field Personnel Division
* Information and Communications Technology Division
* Logistics Support Division
It also shared three capacities with the [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]:
* Office of the Chief of Staff
* [[Policy, Evaluation and Training Division]]
* [[Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership]]

== History ==
The Department of Field Support had its origins in the '''United Nations Field Service''', established in 1949, to provide land and air transport for missions; maintain radio communications with UN mission personnel; maintain premises, supplies, records and archives; maintain order during meetings; operate and maintain transport equipment; and perform guard duties at Headquarters. The Field Service was originally part of the Department of Conference and General Services but, in 1940, was moved into the Department of Administrative and Finance Services and was subsequently renamed the  '''Field Operations Service''' (FOS). In 1952, the guard functions were separated from the FOS, and in 1954 FOS was transferred into the Office of General Services. In 1982, FOS was incorporated into the Office for Field Operational and External Support Activities but—following the adoption of General Assembly resolution 41/213 of 19 December 1986, it became a separate '''Field Operations Division''' (FOD) reporting to the Under-Secretary-General for Administration and Management&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/ORGANIZATION/SECTION:DAM/FOD ST/SGB/ORGANIZATION/SECTION:DAM/FOD] ''Field Operations Division''&lt;/ref&gt; before its formal transfer into the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]] in January 1993&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/255 ST/SGB/255] ''Organization of the Department of Administration and Management''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/44/605 A/44/605] ''Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peace-keeping operations'' (paragraph 5)&lt;/ref&gt;.

In September 1993, the Field Operations Division was transferred into the [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/264 ST/SGB/264] ''Organization of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt;, where it was subsequently renamed the '''Field Administration and Logistics Division''' (FALD). FALD was later incorporated into the Office of Planning and Support&lt;ref&gt;ST/SGB/ORGANIZATION SECTION: DPKO ''Functions and Organization of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt; and then into the Office of Logistics, Management and Mine Action&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] ''Functions and organization of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations''&lt;/ref&gt;, which was later restructured into the '''Office of Mission Support'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ''Implementation of the recommendations of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations and the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations''&lt;/ref&gt; as part of the follow-up to the implementation of the [[Brahimi report]]. 

The '''Department of Field Support''' was established on 1 July 2007 through the separation of the Office of Mission Support from the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. The General Assembly approved the creation of the new Department through the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 resolution 61/279] of 29 June 2007, as part of the [[Strengthening the capacity of the United Nations to manage and sustain peacekeeping operations]] reform agenda.

On 1 January 2019, the Department of Field Support and the [[Department of Management]] were replaced with the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]] as part of the [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]] reform agenda. 

== Secretary-General's Bulletin ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2]

== References ==

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  <title>Department of Management</title>
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    <text bytes="1409" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management''' was established in 1997&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/a/52/1(supp) A/52/1(SUPP)] Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization (1997)&lt;/ref&gt; out of the former Department of Administration and Management. It—along with the [[Department of Field Support]]—were re-engineered into the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]] on 1 January 2019.

== Organizational Bulletins ==

=== Department of Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] (6 December 2010)
* ST/SGB/2005/8 (13 April 2005)
* ST/SGB/2003/15 (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1997/11 (15 September 1997)

=== Office of Central Support Services ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] (3 January 2013)
* ST/SGB/1998/11 (18 June 1998)

=== Office of Human Resources Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] (20 July 2011)
* ST/SGB/2004/8 (7 April 2004)
* ST/SGB/1998/12 (2 November 1998)

=== Office of Information and Communications Technology ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] (21 September 2016)

=== Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts ===
Commonly referred to as the Controller's Office.
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1998/13 (18 June 1998)

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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    <comment>Added reference from A/52/1 and link to OIOS evaluation of OHRM</comment>
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    <text bytes="2199" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management''' was established in 1997&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/a/52/1(supp) A/52/1(SUPP)] Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization (1997)&lt;/ref&gt; out of the former Department of Administration and Management. It—along with the [[Department of Field Support]]—were re-engineered into the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]] on 1 January 2019.

As indicated in the report of the SG on the Work of the Organization for 1997&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/a/52/1(supp) A/52/1]&lt;/ref&gt;:
&lt;blockquote&gt;156. The Department of Management, as its new name indicates, is now poised to shift to a more proactive management culture, moving away from purely administrative control systems, and from piecemeal management improvements, to fundamental reform of the management practices of the Organization. Under this new approach, substantive units will have greater administrative flexibility, leaving the central management to concentrate on policy development, support services and compliance monitoring. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Organizational Bulletins ==

=== Department of Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] (6 December 2010)
* ST/SGB/2005/8 (13 April 2005)
* ST/SGB/2003/15 (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1997/11 (15 September 1997)

=== Office of Central Support Services ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] (3 January 2013)
* ST/SGB/1998/11 (18 June 1998)

=== Office of Human Resources Management ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] (20 July 2011)
* ST/SGB/2004/8 (7 April 2004)
* ST/SGB/1998/12 (2 November 1998)

=== Office of Information and Communications Technology ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] (21 September 2016)

=== Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts ===
Commonly referred to as the Controller's Office.
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] (21 November 2003)
* ST/SGB/1998/13 (18 June 1998)

== See also ==
* [https://oios.un.org/page/download2/id/58 OIOS Evaluation of the Office of Human Resources Management] (6 March 2018)

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9290" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD) and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279]
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st and 72nd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the agenda item under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

Over the years, the Fourth Committee has considered a number of reports submitted under this agenda item, as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Summary records !! Resolution 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] of 11 December 2013 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] of 5 December 2014 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] of 9 December 2015
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] of 6 December 2016
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] of 7 December 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337] ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] of 7 December 2018
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Administrative issuance</title>
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    <text bytes="1137" xml:space="preserve">Administrative policies are issued by the Secretary-General through the promulgation of '''administrative issuances''', which can be formally issued either as Secretary-General's bulletins (ST/SGB-series) or as administrative issuances (ST/AI-series). 

The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate the text of [[regulations and rules]], to communicate decisions on policy and to provide information on the functions and organization of the Secretariat and its constituent entities. 

The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

An index of all administrative issuances is issued regularly. The most recent edition is [https://undocs.org/st/ic/2018/1 ST/IC/2018/1].

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Management reform</title>
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    <text bytes="4383" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1968" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. 

== Key regulations and rules ==

* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning|Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials|Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission]]
* [https://undocs.org/en/st/sgb/107/rev.6 Rules Governing Payment of Travel Expenses In Respect Of Members of Organs or Subsidiary Organs of the United Nations]

== Delegation of authority ==

'''Delegation''' is the process by which authority for implementation of regulations or rules can be granted, in whole or in part, by one individual vested with this authority to another individual. 

The framework for enhanced delegation of authority under the [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations|new management paradigm]] is reflected in [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 '''ST/SGB/2019/2''']. As a result of this shift, heads of entities across the Secretariat receive authority directly from the Secretary-General rather than receiving authorities through sub-delegations through the [[Department of Management]].

[[File:delegation_old.png|400px|Flow of delegation under the old system]] Flow of delegation of authority prior to 1 January 2019

[[File:delegation_new.png|400px|Flow of delegation under the new system]] Flow of delegation of authority after 1 January 2019

== See also ==
* [[Administrative issuances]]

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  <title>Programme budget</title>
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    <text bytes="1883" xml:space="preserve">The '''programme budget''', or '''regular budget''', is the budget of the United Nations prepared by the Secretary-General in his capacity as chief administrative officer of the Organization&lt;ref&gt;Article 97 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt; and approved by the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;Article 17 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt;. It does not cover the expenses of large peacekeeping missions funded through [[peacekeeping financing|separate special accounts]]. The appropriation for the approved budget is apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]].

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library has an excellent guide to the programme budget and the many different documents and intergovernmental bodies involved in the budget process: [https://research.un.org/en/docs/budget '''UN Documentation: Regular Budget''']

== Budget period ==
The programme budget runs from 1 January to 31 December, unlike peacekeeping budgets, which run from 1 July to 30 June. 

The budget was originally produced and approved on an annual basis. In General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3043(XXVII) 3043 (XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, the General Assembly approved, "on an experimental basis" the move to a biennial (two-year) budget. The first biennial budget, covering calendar years 1974 and 1975, was approved in General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3199(XXVIII) 3199 (XXVIII)] of 18 December 1973. As part of the [[management reform]], the General Assembly approved "the proposed change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020", in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. 

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]; includes [[Scale of assessments#Assessments for Member States and non-Member States|list of budget resolutions]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1908" xml:space="preserve">The '''programme budget''', or '''regular budget''', is the budget of the United Nations prepared by the Secretary-General in his capacity as chief administrative officer of the Organization&lt;ref&gt;Article 97 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt; and approved by the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;Article 17 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt;. It does not cover the expenses of large peacekeeping missions funded through [[peacekeeping financing|separate special accounts]]. The appropriation for the approved budget is apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]].

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library has an excellent guide to the programme budget and the many different documents and intergovernmental bodies involved in the budget process: [https://research.un.org/en/docs/budget '''UN Documentation: Regular Budget''']

== Budget period ==
The programme budget runs from 1 January to 31 December, unlike peacekeeping budgets, which run from 1 July to 30 June. 

The budget was originally produced and approved on an annual basis. In General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3043(XXVII) 3043 (XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, the General Assembly approved, "on an experimental basis" the move to a biennial (two-year) budget. The first biennial budget, covering calendar years 1974 and 1975, was approved in General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3199(XXVIII) 3199 (XXVIII)] of 18 December 1973. As part of the [[management reform]], the General Assembly approved "the proposed change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020", in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. 

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]; includes [[Scale of assessments#Assessments for Member States and non-Member States|list of budget resolutions]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Commitment authority</title>
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    <text bytes="5499" xml:space="preserve">'''Commitment authority''' is approval for the Secretary-General to enter into financial commitments of up to a certain amount in absence of an appropriation from the General Assembly. It is usually used as a temporary measure until a full or revised budget can be prepared and an appropriation provided by the General Assembly.

Commitment authority can be with or without assessment, depending on immediate cash requirements.  

== Peacekeeping start-up or expansion ==
The use of commitment authority for peacekeeping missions was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233A resolution 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section IV, and draws upon the $150 million of the '''Peacekeeping Reserve Fund''' established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992. The applicable provisions, which have subsequently been amended&lt;ref&gt;Including by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;, are currently contained in [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations 4.6 through 4.9]]

&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.6.''' If a decision of the Security Council relating to the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations results in the need to meet expenses and capital requirements, the Secretary-General is authorized, with the prior concurrence of the Advisory Committee and subject to regulation 4.8, to enter into commitments not to exceed the balance of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, and not to exceed $100 million per decision of the Security Council. The cumulative total of outstanding commitment authority in respect of the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations is not to exceed the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund at any one time; however, the appropriation by the General Assembly of any outstanding commitments shall automatically restore this commitment authority to the extent of the amount appropriated.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.7.''' Advances made from the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund shall be reimbursed as soon as receipts from contributions are available for those purposes.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.8.''' If a decision of the Security Council results in the need for the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations in an amount exceeding $100 million per decision of the Security Council or exceeding the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, the matter shall be brought to the General Assembly as soon as possible for a decision on commitment authority and assessment.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.9.''' The Secretary-General and the Advisory Committee shall report to the General Assembly on any exercise of a commitment authority given under regulation 4.6, together with the circumstances relating thereto, in the context of the next report submitted to the Assembly on the financing of the relevant peacekeeping operation.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Peacekeeping missions are also able to draw upon up to $50 million from the '''Strategic Deployment Stocks''' to support start-up and expansion, with reimbursement after an appropriation has been received.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Peacekeeping mandate change ==
Since the 2010s, it has become common for the General Assembly to not approve the full budget of a peacekeeping mission that is undergoing a mandate review or where circumstances have changed since a budget was prepared. In these situations, the General Assembly has frequently approved commitment authority (with assessment) for six months until a revised budget is submitted for consideration, generally during the fall, with adoption in December. 

== Political mission start-up or expansion ==
Start-up of special political missions relies on the '''unforeseen and extraordinary expenses''' (UEE) mechanism in the [[regular budget]], which is governed by a separate UEE resolution for each budget period. The UEE resolution for the 2018-2019 biennium is General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/264 72/264] of 24 December 2017.

Resolution 72/264 provides for expedited approval of commitment authority for the start-up or expansion of an SPM with just the concurrence of ACABQ without the requirement of going to the General Assembly if the requirements are below $10 million.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/264 72/264], paragraph 3. UEE also allows the SG to enter into a total of $8 million in commitments without going to ACABQ, but this envelope is generally insufficient for the start-up of new field missions.&lt;/ref&gt; Requirements above $10 million require General Assembly approval. Commitment authority under UEE does not, however, come with assessment. 

While special political missions have access to the Strategic Deployment Stocks, they have to replenish the costs up-front, thus reducing the available commitment authority for other requirements. This is in contrast with the situation in peacekeeping missions, where SDS replenishment is only required after an appropriation is received.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/240 A/66/340] ''Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>Reflected final summary table for 2018/19</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="5223" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5223" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181228195639|204">
  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="12577" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established bythe Preparatory Commission of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

=== Process ===
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to [[Article 19]] of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

=== Methodology ===
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
=== Other proposals ===
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== Assessments for Member States and non-Member States ==
The Secretariat issues document each year indicating in dollar terms the assessment of each Member and non-Member State for the regular budget. 

Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;
This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || Resolution specified that $45 mil related to the capital master plan was to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181228195639|204">
  <title>Fifth Committee</title>
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    <text bytes="12725" xml:space="preserve">The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat. As one of the six Main Committees, all UN Member States (193, as of this writing), are represented in the Committee, though as a matter of practice most Member States are represented through blocs such as the Group of 77 and China (G77), which consists of over 130 developing countries. 

Since the adoption of [http://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], the Committee has generally taken most decisions by consensus.

== Role ==

As indicated in section VI of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/248 resolution 45/248B], 
&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. &lt;em&gt;Reaffirms&lt;/em&gt; that the Fifth Committee is the appropriate Main Committee of the General Assembly entrusted with responsibilities for administrative and budgetary matters;&lt;br /&gt;
2. &lt;em&gt;Reaffirms also&lt;/em&gt; the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions;&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;em&gt;Expresses its concern&lt;/em&gt; at the tendency of its substantive Committees and other intergovernmental bodies to involve themselves in administrative and budgetary matters;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Rule 153 of the [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/ropga/ General Assembly Rules of Procedure] states:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
No resolution involving expenditure shall be recommended by a committee for approval by the General Assembly unless it is accompanied by an estimate of expenditures prepared by the Secretary-General. No resolution in respect of which expenditures are anticipated by the Secretary-General shall be voted by the General Assembly until the Administrative and Budgetary Committee (Fifth Committee) has had an opportunity of stating the effect of the proposal upon the budget estimates of the United Nations.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Blocs ==

=== Group of 77 and China ===

Developing countries coordinate in the G77 format in intergovernmental bodies responsible for economic and financial issues (such as the Fifth Committee) and in the NAM format on bodies responsible for peace and security issues. The primary difference in membership is that many large Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, are members of the G77 but not the NAM. 

The G77 adopts a common position on nearly all Fifth Committee issues, with two notable exceptions: peacekeeping mission budgets and issues pertaining to the permanent members of the Security Council. On peacekeeping mission budgets, the African Group negotiates as a bloc, while other G77 members negotiate in their national capacity. 

Leadership of the G77 rotates on an annual basis, and the Chair is responsible for coordinating G77 positions as well as delivering common statements of position on behalf of the Group. 

=== Major Financial Contributors ===
Major financial contributors refer to themselves as the "like-minded group" and are referred to as "the partners" by the G77 and China. 

==== European Union ====
The Member States of the European Union generally adopt a common position on Fifth Committee matters. Since the adoption of resolution 65/276 on the participation of the European Union in the work of the United Nations in May 2011, the positions of EU Member States are jointly coordinated by (and its negotiation “burden-sharing” teams are jointly led by) the EU Delegation and the delegation holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 

==== CANZ ====
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand generally adopt a common position and negotiate in a bloc referred to as CANZ.  

==== JUSCANZ ====
The informal JUSCANZ alignment of Japan, the United States, CANZ, and Israel  is sometimes used in the Fifth Committee for coordination purposes.

=== Other delegations active in the Fifth Committee ===
* Norway 
* Switzerland
* Russia 
* Mexico

== Process ==
Below is an explanation of the Fifth Committee negotiation process.
 
=== Website ===

The Fifth Committee website is available at [http://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/ www.un.org/en/ga/fifth] and includes invaluable information, including contact information for the Bureau and Secretariat, the program of work (i.e. schedule of meetings), the text of statements delivered in Committee, and resolutions. 

=== Bureau === 
The Bureau of the Fifth Committee consists of the Chair, three Vice-Chairs, and one Rapporteur elected by the Committee; each of the five regional groups has one representative on the Bureau. The Bureau is responsible for setting the program of work  for the Committee and deciding on issues of process. By convention, the five permanent members of the Security Council never seek election to the office of PGA or to the Chair or Vice-Chair of any of the six Main Committees of the General Assembly.	

=== Secretariat ===
The Secretariat of the Fifth Committee, technically part of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Management, consists of UN staff members responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the Committee. They are led by the Secretary of the Committee (who also serves as the Secretary of the Committee on Program and Coordination), who supports the Chair of the Committee and who attends Bureau meetings, and include a Deputy Secretary and a number of officers who provide administrative support for negotiations on each of the individual agenda items assigned to the Committee, including activities such as managing the list of speakers, compiling draft resolutions, and serving as an impartial resource on the rules of procedure and working methods of the Committee.

=== Coordinators === 
Coordinators are Fifth Committee delegates who are responsible for facilitating the negotiations on individual agenda items. In selecting coordinators, the Bureau generally tries to ensure that coordinators for the key issues in each session are balanced between the G77 and like-minded delegations.  

It is extremely rare, but not unprecedented, for permanent members of the Security Council to serve as coordinators. 

=== Organization of Work ===
The Fifth Committee meets three times a year. The main part of its session runs from October through December, the first part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in March, and the second part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in May (though the Committee generally does not complete its work until June). Issues pertaining to the biennial [[programme budget]] (i.e. the “regular budget”), which runs from 1 January of the first year through 31 December of the second, and general management policy issues are generally handled during the main session. Non time-bound management policy issues (and overflow from the main session) are generally tackled during the first resumed session. Issues related to the [[peacekeeping financing|financing of peacekeeping operations]] are handled during the second resumed session, as the peacekeeping financial period runs from 1 July to 30 June. 

The first meeting of any session begins with a formal meeting on the Organization of Work to approve the agenda and provisional program of work. Groups and delegations generally also use this meeting to deliver statements complaining about the late issuance of documents or to identify their priorities for the session. 

=== Negotiation process ===
Negotiations on each draft resolution is based on one or more reports submitted by the Secretary-General and/or a body such as the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the [[Board of Auditors]], the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], the [[International Civil Service Commission]], the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]], the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] or the [[programme budget|Committee on Programme and Coordination]]. The specific practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on these reports is outlined in a [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|separate article]].

Because the Fifth Committee takes decisions by consensus, draft resolutions are generally not sponsored by individual delegations but are submitted on behalf of the Committee by the Chair. The process of negotiating resolutions is outlined below.

; Formal introduction of an agenda item
: Discussion of an agenda item in the Fifth Committee begins with a formal meeting chaired by a member of the Bureau in which a senior UN official—usually from the Department of Management—presents the report of the Secretary-General by providing a brief summary of the report. This is then followed by a presentation of the related report of the ACABQ by either the Chair or Vice-Chair of the ACABQ. Groups and delegations then have an opportunity to make statements for the record on the agenda item. 
: Member States speaking on behalf of groups (e.g. the G77, its constituent regional groups, or CANZ) always speak first, followed by the EU Delegation on behalf of the EU Member States, and then individual delegations in the order they appear on the list of speakers. 
: Formal meetings of all Main Committees are open and webcast on [http://webtv.un.org WebTV]. 

; Q&amp;A
: Following formal introduction of an agenda item, the Committee then meets in informal consultations chaired by the coordinator of the agenda item. The first stage of informal consultations are the Q&amp;A, in which members of the Committee have the opportunity to ask questions of representatives of the Secretariat about the issue at hand. Responses can be requested in writing.
	 
; Skeleton and language submission 
: Once Q&amp;A has been exhausted, the coordinator will circulate what is generally referred to as the “skeleton” or “rev. 0” of the draft resolution, which contains the standard paragraphs required to take a decision on the basis of the ACABQ recommendation (the default course of action). The coordinator will also set a language submission deadline. Delegations have until the deadline to submit additional paragraphs for the draft resolution, after which all of submissions are compiled into the “rev. 1” text. During the first informal consultation following the language submission deadline, each delegation is given an opportunity to present their language submission; this can be as detailed or cursory as the presenting delegate wishes. 	

; First reading 
: Once all language proposals have been submitted and introduced, the Committee undertakes a first reading of the rev. 1 text, going paragraph by paragraph. This is an opportunity for delegations to ask factual or grammatical questions about the language proposals either to the proponent of the language or to the Secretariat. 

; Second reading
: Once the first reading is completed, the Committee then starts again from the top with the second reading. For each paragraph, the coordinator will ask whether the paragraph can be adopted ad referendum. Although it is technically true that all agreements are provisional and that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, it is generally considered a sign of bad faith to re-open a paragraph after it has been adopted ad ref. Any delegations with objections to a paragraph can request that it be “bracketed”, and any delegation can withdraw or amend any paragraph they proposed. At the end of the second reading, delegates generally try to work offline in order to craft amendments or compromise proposals in order to overcome objections. The process then iterates through a third reading (and more, if necessary) until all remaining paragraphs have been agreed. 

; Chair’s text 
: If the Committee is stuck, the coordinator and/or Chair may submit a compromise proposal as an attempt to bridge the gap. 
 
; Adoption
: Once a draft resolution as a whole has been agreed to in informal consultations (i.e. adopted informally), the Chair then formally submits it to the Secretariat on behalf of the Committee. The Secretariat then issues it as an L-document for action by the Committee during a formal session. After the Committee approves the draft resolution, the text is included verbatim in a Report of the Fifth Committee to the General Assembly for adoption by a plenary session of the General Assembly, after which it is assigned a resolution number. 

; No consensus
: If the Committee is unable to reach consensus on an issue, it often defers consideration to a subsequent session. In exceptional circumstances, delegations have tabled draft resolutions as L-documents (or threatened to do so) to force a decision on a deadlocked issue.

== See also ==
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
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    <text bytes="9460" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==
The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the report of the Secretary-General and receives a closed briefing from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Measures to address past financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter and the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]].

In the mid-1980s, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget||regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which resulted in adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Article 19]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9603" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==
The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the report of the Secretary-General and receives a closed briefing from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Measures to address past financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter and the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]].

In the mid-1980s, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget||regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which resulted in adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Article 19]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <id>237</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Fixed formatting</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9632" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==
The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the report of the Secretary-General and receives a closed briefing from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Measures to address past financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter and the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]].

In the mid-1980s, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Article 19]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181228195639|204">
  <title>Article 19</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="2273" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item. These exemptions cover the entirety of the session.

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not subject to Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session.

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7835" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia, Gabon, Libya, Palau, Vietnam
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181228195639|204">
  <title>High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="1188" xml:space="preserve">The '''High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations''', or '''HIPPO''', was established by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in 2014 to to "take a comprehensive look at how United Nations peace operations could continue to contribute to the prevention and resolution of conflicts and be best designed and equipped to deal with the challenges of tomorrow". 

== Relevant documents ==
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/95 Report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (A/70/95–S/2015/446)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/357 Implementation of the HIPPO report: Report of the Secretary-General (A/70/357–S/2015/682)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/6 General Assembly resolution 70/6 of 3 November 2015] 
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/19 Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (A/70/19)]
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/268 General Assembly resolution 70/268 of 14 June 2016]
* [http://undocs.org/s/prst/2015/22 Statement by the President of the Security Council on 25 November 2015 (S/PRST/2015/22)]

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1592" xml:space="preserve">The '''High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations''', or '''HIPPO''', was established by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on 14 October 2014 to take a comprehensive look at how United Nations peace operations could continue to contribute to the prevention and resolution of conflicts and be best designed and equipped to deal with the challenges of tomorrow. 

== Relevant documents ==
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/95 A/70/95–S/2015/446] Report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682] Implementation of the HIPPO report: Report of the Secretary-General 
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/6 General Assembly resolution 70/6 of 3 November 2015] 
*: Procedural plenary resolution that indicated that relevant aspects would be considered by the [[C34]], Fourth Committee, [[Fifth Committee]] and other relevant bodies.
* [http://undocs.org/a/70/19 A/70/19] Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (2016 substantive session)
* [http://undocs.org/a/res/70/268 General Assembly resolution 70/268 of 14 June 2016]
*: Boilerplate resolution from the Fourth Committee endorsing the proposals, recommendations and conclusions contained in the C34 report. 
* [http://undocs.org/s/prst/2015/22 Statement by the President of the Security Council on 25 November 2015 (S/PRST/2015/22)]
*: Took note of the recommendations in the HIPPO and SG reports. 

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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</page>
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  <title>Arrears</title>
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    <text bytes="24" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Article 19]]</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20181228195639|204">
  <title>Financial Regulations and Rules</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>33</id>
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    <parentid>189</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-02-07T04:25:42Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
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    <text bytes="3682" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] as amended in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 '''Amend.1'''] to facilitate the new delegation of authority framework entering into effect on 1 January 2019.

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). 

== Authority ==
Financial regulations are established by the General Assembly as per rule 152 of the General Assembly rules of procedure, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The General Assembly shall establish regulations for the financial administration of the United Nations.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Financial rules are established by the Secretary-General on the basis of Financial Regulation 5.8, which states (inter alia) that the Secretary-General shall: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) Establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Related documents ==
=== Delegation of authority ===
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules (until 31 December 2018)

=== Supplements ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/4/Amend.1 Amend.1] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees

=== Subordinate policies ===
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <id>243</id>
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    <text bytes="3694" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] as amended in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 '''Amend.1'''] to facilitate the new delegation of authority framework entering into effect on 1 January 2019.

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). 

== Authority ==
'''Financial regulations''' are established by the General Assembly as per rule 152 of the General Assembly rules of procedure, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The General Assembly shall establish regulations for the financial administration of the United Nations.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Financial rules''' are established by the Secretary-General on the basis of Financial Regulation 5.8, which states (inter alia) that the Secretary-General shall: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) Establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Related documents ==
=== Delegation of authority ===
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules (until 31 December 2018)

=== Supplements ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/4/Amend.1 Amend.1] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees

=== Subordinate policies ===
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20181228195639|204">
  <title>Staff Regulations and Rules</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>35</id>
  <revision>
    <id>242</id>
    <parentid>179</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-02-07T04:31:40Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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    <minor/>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2765" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff Regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff Rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
    <sha1>9831c815be25b2627b32af2f8862a4b221b59133</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>244</id>
    <parentid>242</parentid>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Formatting</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="2765" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Assessed contributions</title>
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    <text bytes="970" xml:space="preserve">'''Assessed contributions''' are expenses of the United Nations that Member States are obligated to finance under Article 17, paragraph 2, of the United Nations Charter:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly.&lt;/blockquote&gt; 

Both the [[regular budget]] and the [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] are financed through assessed contributions. Assessed contributions are apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the scales of assessments for the [[scale of assessments|regular]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping]] budgets.

Requirements not financed under assessed contributions (i.e. those funded through voluntary contributions) are considered [[extrabudgetary resources]].

== See also ==
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art17_2.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 17(2)] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Development system reform</title>
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    <text bytes="2408" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of UN country teams''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A '''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator''' system with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | General Assembly resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]

== References ==

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    <text bytes="6722" xml:space="preserve">A '''memorandum of understanding''' (MOU) is an agreement between two parties. In the context of peacekeeping operations, the term generally refers to the agreement between a troop- or police-contributing country and the United Nations with regard to the personnel, major equipment and self-sustainment capability to be deployed as part of a single military or police contingent to a specific peacekeeping mission. 

== Model memorandum of understanding ==

MOUs are based on the model MOU agreed by the General Assembly; there are separate MOUs for military contingents and police contingents because of the different [[categories of personnel|legal status]] of troops and members of [[formed police units]]. The text of the model MOU is contained in the [[contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]].

== Key elements of the MOU ==
The MOU sets forth the responsibilities of the United Nations and the contributing country. In addition to addressing contributions of personnel and equipment and the associated [[reimbursement]] and support, the MOU also spells out responsibilities related to conduct, discipline, investigations and accountability. These latter elements are relevant in cases of misconduct, such as allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].

Specific issues relevant to deployment, such as reimbursement rates and standards, as well as copies of relevant policy documents are appended to the MOU in annexes. The annexes currently appended to MOUs (since 1 July 2017) are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Military annex 
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | FPU annex
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Description
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| A
| A
| Personnel
| Includes appendix on individual kit of soldiers and FPU members, respectively
|-
| B
| B
| Major equipment
| 
|-
| C
| C
| Self-sustainment
| 
|-
| D
| D
| Principles of verification and performance standards for major equipment
| 
|-
| E
| E
| Principles of verification and performance standards for self-sustainment
| 
|-
| F
| F
| Principles of verification and performance standards for medical support
| 
|-
| G
| G
| [[Statement of unit requirement]]
| Included as an annex based on a recommendation by the [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
|-
| H
| H
| Definitions
| 
|-
| I
| 
| Guidelines for troop-contributing countries
| 
|-
| 
| I
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/13 Bulletin on observance by United Nations forces of international humanitarian law]
| 
|-
| 
| J
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 Regulations governing the status, basic rights and duties of officials other than Secretariat officials and experts on mission]
| 
|-
| 
| K
| Guidelines for formed police units on assignment with peace operations
| 
|-
| 
| L
| Directives for disciplinary matters involving civilian police officers and military observers
| Establishes procedures to be followed for breaches of conduct by civilian police officers and military observers
|-
| J
| M
| We are United Nations peacekeeping personnel
| Code of conduct for peacekeepers distributed to each soldier and police officer
|-
| K
| N
| Environmental policy for United Nations field missions
| 
|}

== Historical overview ==
The MOU began as the "Contribution Agreement" setting out the respective responsibilities of the United Nations and a troop-contributing countries. In the 2000s, the MOU underwent significant development following revelations of significant number of allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] against peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Fourth Committee (through the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]), the Fifth Committee (through the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Working Group]]) and the Sixth Committee have all played roles in the development of the MOU as it currently exists today. 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]] report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | COE manual
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|ACABQ]] report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E]
| 17 June 1997
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/995 A/50/995]
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/646 A/51/646]
| SG report contains proposed text of Contribution Agreement
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/967 A/51/967], [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.1 Corr.1] and [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.2 Corr.2]
| [http://undocs.org/a/52/410 A/52/410]
| SG report contains revised model Contribution Agreement, now called the model MOU
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/57/314 57/314]
| 18 June 2003
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/56/939 A/56/939]
| [http://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772]
| SG report requests GA approval of model MOU; includes MOU process map
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/300 59/300]
| 22 June 2005
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/19/rev.1 A/59/19/Rev.1]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 39 of part 2
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/263 60/263]
| 6 June 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19 A/60/19]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 74
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/289 60/289]
| 8 September 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19/add.1 A/60/19/Add.1]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraphs 5 and 8
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/29 61/29]
| 4 December 2006
| 
| 
| 
| 
| Resolution on criminal accountability; took note of recommendation of Group of Legal Experts ([http://undocs.org/a/60/980 A/60/980], para 65) to establish separate MOUs for military and police
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
| 
| 
| 2005 COE Manual; chapter 9 was basis for negotiation by ad hoc group of experts
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/267B 61/267B]
| 24 July 2007
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/19/Rev.1 A/61/19/Rev.1]
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/494 A/61/494]
| 
| Resolution approved amendments to model MOU. A/61/494 is an SG report to C-34
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
| 
| 
| 2008 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
| 
| 
| 2011 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
| 
| 
| 2014 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
| 
| 
| 2017 COE Manual
|}

== See also ==
* [[Force generation]]
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]

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    <text bytes="5265" xml:space="preserve">This is a guide to commonly-used '''terminology used in United Nations budget documents'''.

== Budget ==

'''Redeployment'''
: The transfer of funds between groups, classes or objects of expenditure by the Secretariat within an approved budget.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/a/66/5(vol.ii) A/66/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors, Volume II: United Nations peacekeeping operations (2010/11), paras 45-49 &lt;/ref&gt;

'''Vacancy rate'''
: The percentage of posts not filled during a budget period. Budgets are prepared on the basis of historical or projected vacancy rates. The vacancy rates actually used in the calculation of the approved resources are the budgeted rates approved by the General Assembly, usually on the basis of recommendations by the ACABQ. The actual vacancy rates for a financial period are reported in the associated budget performance report. Vacancy rates are calculated separately for national and international staff. 

'''Delayed deployment factor'''
: A factor, usually expressed in percentage terms, applied to the costs associated with military and police personnel to reflect expected delays in reaching the full planned strength during a budget period. 

'''Appropriation'''
: An authorization granted by a legislative body to allocate funds for purposes specified by the legislature or a similar authority. For the United Nations, appropriations are voted upon by the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ic/2013/36 ST/IC/2013/36] United Nations policy framework for International Public Sector Accounting Standards, Appendix II&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Apportionment'''
: The amount to be divided amongst Member States on the basis of the applicable [[scale of assessments]].

== Human resources ==

'''Post''' (fr: post)
: An authorization to employ a person, or a succession of persons, for the performance of work required by the Organization.&lt;ref&gt;ACC/1983/FB/1 Glossary of financial and budgetary terms by the CCAQ, May 1983&lt;/ref&gt; Once a post has been established by the General Assembly, it remains in existence until the General Assembly decides to abolish it. 

'''Position''' (fr: poste temporaire)
: In [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] and [[special political missions|special political mission]] budgets, positions are understood to be temporary posts funded through general temporary assistance. Unlike posts, positions only last until the end of the financial period unless the General Assembly extends 

'''General temporary assistance'''
: In the [[regular budget]], general temporary assistance (GTA) funding is primarily used to meet exceptional and/or peak workload circumstances or for replacement of staff on maternity leave or sick leave.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/c.5/54/33 A/C.5/54/33] Use of general temporary assistance for specific positions&lt;/ref&gt; In peacekeeping and special political missions, GTA is used to finance temporary positions. 

'''Post establishment'''
: A new post is proposed to be established when additional resources are necessary and when it is not possible to redeploy resources from other offices or otherwise accommodate specific activities from within existing resources.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] Overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations, Annex II&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post reassignment'''
: An approved post that was intended to cover a certain function is proposed to implement other priority mandated activities unrelated to the original function. While a post reassignment may involve a change of location or office, it does not change the category or level of the post.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post redeployment'''
: An approved post is proposed to be redeployed to cover comparable or related functions in another office.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post reclassification'''
: An approved post is proposed to be reclassified (upgraded or downgraded) when the duties and responsibilities of the post have changed substantially. &lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post abolishment'''
: An approved post is proposed to be abolished if it is no longer needed to implement the activities for which it was approved or to implement other priority mandated activities within the mission.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post conversion''' 
: Three possible options for post conversion are as follows: 
:* Conversion of general temporary assistance positions to posts: approved positions financed under general temporary assistance are proposed for conversion to posts if the functions being performed are of a continuing nature. 
:* Conversion of individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts to national staff posts: taking into account the continuing nature of certain functions, in line with section VIII, paragraph 11, of General Assembly resolution 59/296, individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts. 
:* Conversion of international staff posts to national staff posts: approved international staff posts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning]]

== References ==

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    <text bytes="12445" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft peacekeeping financing resolutions for each mission can only be drafted after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget, usually during mission start-up or expansion. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12512" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft [[Peacekeeping financing resolution|financing resolutions]] for each mission can only be finalized after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget, usually during mission start-up or expansion. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolution]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12492" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for each mission can only be finalized after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget, usually during mission start-up or expansion. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]]</text>
    <sha1>a3f72503d644ef51a3e7b1921a4c209877c771d5</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <comment>Added reference to S/PRST/2009/24</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12951" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Mandate ===
The mandate of each peacekeeping mission is established by the Security Council. Since 2009, the Security Council has requested an estimate of resource implications from the Secretariat whenever a new peacekeeping mission is proposed, or where significant change to a mandate is envisaged.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/24] Statement by the President of the Security Council, 5 August 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for each mission can only be finalized after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget, usually during mission start-up or expansion. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12966" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual peacekeeping financial period of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Mandate ===
The mandate of each peacekeeping mission is established by the Security Council. Since 2009, the Security Council has requested an estimate of resource implications from the Secretariat whenever a new peacekeeping mission is proposed, or where significant change to a mandate is envisaged.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/24 S/PRST/2009/24] Statement by the President of the Security Council, 5 August 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for each mission can only be finalized after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget, usually during mission start-up or expansion. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="8563" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China became the 34th member of the Committee, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C-34". The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.   

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| 		First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| 		Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Committee of 34 */</comment>
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    <text bytes="9048" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| 		First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| 		Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>31ef3940dee234ba58f89713224b85865c4a41d4</sha1>
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    <comment>/* Recent C-34 reports */</comment>
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    <text bytes="9150" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || A/72/19 || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| 		First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| 		Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>8051fbba5ef4122e2a905668a88cd6fda47c8a75</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <comment>/* Recent C-34 reports */ Added links to meetings coverage</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="9585" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || A/73/19 || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>Added PRST and reports on UN-AU cooperation</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6157" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Includes AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
=== Financing ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations

=== Cooperation with the AU ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Inter-mission cooperation</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''Inter-mission cooperation''' (IMC) refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or joint implementation of a broader..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="5164" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' (IMC) refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or joint implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

IMC also refers to a specific type of inter-mission cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible if the following conditions are met:
* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

== Background ==

Since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions prohibiting cross-borrowing between missions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228]Twenty-first report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
(a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
(d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments of units or assets ==

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation through the temporary deployment of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUSCO  ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2004/135 S/2004/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="9311" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' (IMC) refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. 

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission cooperation is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions prohibiting cross-borrowing between missions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
(a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
(d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council resolution !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)) to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Request for Secretary-General to explore the possibility of IMC transfer of troops and assets to MONUSCO
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2004/135 S/2004/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="9716" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' (IMC) refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission cooperation is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions prohibiting cross-borrowing between missions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
(a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
(d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council resolution !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)) to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Request for Secretary-General to explore the possibility of IMC transfer of troops and assets to MONUSCO
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2004/135 S/2004/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="9768" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' (IMC) refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission cooperation is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions prohibiting cross-borrowing between missions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
(a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
(d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council resolution !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)) to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Request for Secretary-General to explore the possibility of IMC transfer of troops and assets to MONUSCO
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2004/135 S/2004/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
    <sha1>91a4538b0c2d3af04c2ae44b33def99b18c217ff</sha1>
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    <text bytes="9782" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' ('''IMC''') refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission cooperation is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions prohibiting cross-borrowing between missions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
: (a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
: (b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
: (c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
: (d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council resolution !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)) to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Request for Secretary-General to explore the possibility of IMC transfer of troops and assets to MONUSCO
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2004/135 S/2004/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
    <sha1>3fb009a11c2d1b7c1d53995a68d1e49e322a4945</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>263</id>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9857" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' ('''IMC''') refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission transfer between missions is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions to prohibit cross-borrowing:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
: (a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
: (b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
: (c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
: (d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

A similar arrangement was authorized for ONUB and MONUC shortly afterwards. 

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council resolution !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)) to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Request for Secretary-General to explore the possibility of IMC transfer of troops and assets to MONUSCO
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2004/135 S/2004/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9922" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' ('''IMC''') refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission transfer between missions is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions to prohibit cross-borrowing:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
: (a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
: (b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
: (c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
: (d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

A similar arrangement was authorized for ONUB and MONUC in resolution [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] of 21 December 2005. 

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council resolution !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)) to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Request for Secretary-General to explore the possibility of IMC transfer of troops and assets to MONUSCO
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2004/135 S/2004/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>IMC</title>
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    <text bytes="39" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Inter-mission cooperation]]</text>
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  <title>Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership</title>
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    <text bytes="3268" xml:space="preserve">The '''Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership (OPSP)''' was established by the General Assembly as a resource to advise the Under-Secretaries-General for [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|Peacekeeping Operations]] and [[Department of Field Support|Field Support]] on issues affecting the participation of troop- and police-contributing countries in peacekeeping operations. Under the [[peace and security reform]], the Office will be moved into the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. 

== Mandate ==
The mandate for OPSP is contained in [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 resolution 67/287] of 28 June 2013. Paragraph 28 specified that the functions of OPSP would initially consist of: 
&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) Strengthening the peacekeeping partnership by assisting in identifying gaps that have an impact on the delivery of mandates by United Nations peacekeeping missions by making recommendations on systemic issues relating to
United Nations peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;
(b) Making recommendations to ensure the safety, security and welfare of, and the Organization’s provision of adequate support services to, uniformed field personnel; &lt;br /&gt;
(c) Working closely with troop- and police-contributing countries and senior leadership, both in the field and at Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;
(d) Making recommendations to incorporate lessons learned and best practices from peacekeeping missions into peacekeeping operations;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly decided in paragraph 32 to review the mandate and functions of the Office during the 69th session. However, no changes were made to either the mandate and functions during the 69th session.

== Legislative history ==
In 2013, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of the "Office of the Director, Evaluation of Field Uniformed Personnel" reporting to the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations as "An independent evaluation function of field uniformed personnel…to assist the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations through the provision of objective and independent reviews, analysis, advice and recommendations on the effectiveness and efficiency of uniformed personnel in the field."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/756 A/67/756] Support account 2012/13, paragraph 84&lt;/ref&gt; The establishment of this Office was proposed as neither the [[Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training]] in DPKO–DFS nor the Office of Internal Oversight Services had the capacity or specialized expertise to perform these specialized functions. 

Troop-contributing countries, however, were concerned about the similarities between the proposed functions of the Office and those of an inspector-general. To address these concerns, the name of the Office was changed and its functions specified in the text of the resolution, though the resources originally requested were approved. In addition, the General Assembly specified that the Director of the Office must come from a troop-contributing country and have leadership experience in a peacekeeping mission and—in a departure from the original proposal of the Secretary-General—a dual reporting line to the Under-Secretaries-General for Peacekeeping Operations and Field Support.

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
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    <text bytes="3055" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping overview report. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <text bytes="9374" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE) and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] (Adds. 1-6)
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st and 72nd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the agenda item under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

Over the years, the Fourth Committee has considered a number of reports submitted under this agenda item, as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Summary records !! Resolution 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] of 11 December 2013 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] of 5 December 2014 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] of 9 December 2015
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] of 6 December 2016
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] of 7 December 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337] ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] of 7 December 2018
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>102f887d0b35c529019daf16a5f00126c7d58a20</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>293</id>
    <parentid>267</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-03-25T15:34:53Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Comprehensive review of special political missions */ Added summary records for 73rd session</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9515" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE) and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] (Adds. 1-6)
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st and 72nd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the agenda item under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

Over the years, the Fourth Committee has considered a number of reports submitted under this agenda item, as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Summary records !! Resolution 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] of 11 December 2013 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] of 5 December 2014 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] of 9 December 2015
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] of 6 December 2016
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] of 7 December 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] of 7 December 2018
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>f5051aeec2a9da852a6952b14c534bfb542d0acd</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>294</id>
    <parentid>293</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-03-26T14:57:07Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Comprehensive review of special political missions */ Changed format to align with those of the C34 and XC resolutions</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9794" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the second part of the resumed session (May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Chapeau !! Cluster I !! Cluster II !! Cluster III !! Other !! General Assembly resolution 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE) and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] (Adds. 1-6)
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] (Adds.1-8)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] (Adds.9-10)
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia); &lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] (Adds.1-7)&lt;br&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] (Adds.8-9) 
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st and 72nd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions on this agenda item are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives */</comment>
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    <text bytes="9972" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD);
|-
| 73 || || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st and 72nd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions on this agenda item are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="10052" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==
The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the report of the Secretary-General and receives a closed briefing from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Measures to address past financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter and the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]].

In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Article 19]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="5263" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolution]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5264" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>Article 19</title>
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    <text bytes="7843" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia, Gabon, Libya, Palau, Vietnam
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>Peacekeeping financing resolutions</title>
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    <text bytes="5938" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Additional standard paragraphs ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Paragraph
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Session introduced
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session; language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing cross-cutting resolutions
|-
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission/Force is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Paragraph
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Session introduced
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Force by certain Governments, 
| 48th session
| Preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/244 resolution 48/244]; reflects the fact that, as per [https://undocs.org/a/47/1001 A/47/1001], voluntary contributions are provided on a continuing basis by the Government of Cyprus and the Government of Greece to cover 1/3 and $6.5 million in requirements for UNFICYP, respectively
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5938" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Additional standard paragraphs ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Paragraph
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Session introduced
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session; language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing cross-cutting resolutions
|-
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission/Force is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Paragraph
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Session introduced
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Force by certain Governments, 
| 48th session
| Preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/244 resolution 48/244]; reflects the fact that, as per [https://undocs.org/a/47/1001 A/47/1001], voluntary contributions are provided on a continuing basis by the Government of Cyprus and the Government of Greece to cover 1/3 and $6.5 million in requirements for UNFICYP, respectively
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]</text>
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    <text bytes="14967" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Standard paragraphs ==

=== Preambular ===

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Having considered'' the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of '''MISSION NAME''' and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,
|
| This paragraph references the reports under consideration during the current session. 
|-
| 2
| ''Recalling'' Security Council resolution '''RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING MISSION'''…and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was '''MOST RECENT SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION''', by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission until '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''',
|
| This paragraph references the mandate of the mission as decided by the Security Council.
|-
| 3
| ''Recalling also'' its resolution '''FIRST FINANCING RESOLUTION FOR MISSION''' on the financing of the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution '''MOST RECENT FINANCING RESOLUTION''', 
|
| This paragraph references the previous financing resolutions for the mission approved by the General Assembly.
|-
| 4
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| 5
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Mission, 
| 43th session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/229 resolution 43/229] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions 
|-
| 6
| ''Mindful'' of the fact that it is essential to provide the Mission with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,
| 42nd session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/223 resolution 42/223] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions
|}

=== Operative ===
The tables below provide explanations for standard paragraphs that appear in peacekeeping financing resolutions. The paragraph numbers are for reference only for the purpose of this article and will not necessarily correspond to the actual paragraph numbers in actual resolutions. 

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| 2
| ''Takes note'' of the status of contributions to '''MISSION NAME''' as at '''DATE OF MOST RECENT DATA FROM SECRETARIAT''', including the contributions outstanding in the amount of '''DATA PROVIDED BY SECRETARIAT''', notes with concern that only '''NUMBER''' Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions;
| 44th session
| The first appearance of language urging Member States "to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions" appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/190 44/190] on UNAVEM
|-
| 3
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| 4
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| 5
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session; language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| 6
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 7
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 8
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| 9
| ''Endorses'' the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; 
|
| Standard text endorsing ACABQ recommendations except where recommendations are taken note of or otherwise superseded in the text. See [[practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]].
|-
| 10
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing [[cross-cutting resolutions]] adopted since the 59th session
|-
| 11
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| 12
| ''Takes note'' of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Mission for the period from '''PREVIOUS FINANCIAL PERIOD''';
|
| This paragraph references the most recent performance report, if applicable.
|- 
| 13
| Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for '''MISSION NAME''' the amount of '''TOTAL APPROPRIATION''' for the period from '''NEXT FINANCIAL PERIOD''', inclusive of '''APPROVED LEVEL OF MISSION''' for the maintenance of the Mission, '''MISSION SHARE OF SUPPORT ACCOUNT''' for the support account for peacekeeping operations, '''MISSION SHARE OF UNLB''' for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, and '''MISSION SHARE OF RSCE''' for the Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, Uganda;
|
| Member States do not receive separate assessments for the support account, UNLB and RSCE. Instead, these accounts are financed, pro rata, through missions. The total appropriation for each mission includes the actual requirements for the mission plus the mission's share of the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets, as calculated by the Secretariat. Fifth Committee negotiation of an individual mission budget only determines the approved level of that specific mission; the other figures (the total appropriation and the mission share of the the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets) can only be filled in after the Fifth Committee has reached agreement on the level of the support account, UNLB and RSCE.
|-
| 14
| ''Decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from 1 July '''CURRENT YEAR''' to '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| The Secretariat is only authorized to send assessment letters to finance the activities of a mission until the expiration of its current mandate, even though the budget is approved for the full year. The amount in this paragraph is a prorated amount reflecting the portion of the budget falling within the current mandate period. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 15
| ''Also decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''14''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
| 
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 14 corresponding to the TEF, which was established in [https://undocs.org/a/res/973(X) resolution 973 (X)]. The Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee
|-
| 16
| ''Further decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from '''THE DAY AFTER DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''' to 30 June '''NEXT YEAR''' in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''', subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission;
|
| This amount represents the remainder of the budget. The amount in this paragraph, when added to the amount in paragraph 14, should yield the total appropriation in paragraph 13. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 17
| ''Decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''16''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
|
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 16 corresponding to the TEF. As with paragraph 15, the Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee.
|-
| 18
| Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 14 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| This paragraph returns the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period to Member States based on their share under the scale of assessments rate applicable the previous year. 
|-
| 19
| ''Further decides'' that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 18 above;
|
| This paragraph credits Member States with outstanding contributions for their share of the unencumbered balance rather than returning the money to them.
|-
| 20
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 21
| ''Invites'' voluntary contributions to the Mission in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly;
|
| A request for voluntary contributions has been included in resolutions at least since the 1970s, including with the financing of UNIFIL in [https://undocs.org/a/res/s-8/2 resolution S-8/2].
|-
| 22
| Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its '''NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION''' the item entitled “Financing of '''MISSION NAME'''”.
|
| Includes this agenda item in the programme for the next session of the General Assembly
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]</text>
    <sha1>4f2c9b516037bba1b803448088e1b99c33caece5</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>285</id>
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    <minor/>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="15283" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Standard paragraphs ==

=== Preambular ===

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Having considered'' the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of '''MISSION NAME''' and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,
|
| This paragraph references the reports under consideration during the current session. 
|-
| 2
| ''Recalling'' Security Council resolution '''RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING MISSION'''…and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was '''MOST RECENT SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION''', by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission until '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''',
|
| This paragraph references the mandate of the mission as decided by the Security Council.
|-
| 3
| ''Recalling also'' its resolution '''FIRST FINANCING RESOLUTION FOR MISSION''' on the financing of the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution '''MOST RECENT FINANCING RESOLUTION''', 
|
| This paragraph references the previous financing resolutions for the mission approved by the General Assembly.
|-
| 4
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| 5
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Mission, 
| 43th session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/229 resolution 43/229] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions 
|-
| 6
| ''Mindful'' of the fact that it is essential to provide the Mission with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,
| 42nd session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/223 resolution 42/223] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions
|}

=== Operative ===
The tables below provide explanations for standard paragraphs that appear in peacekeeping financing resolutions. The paragraph numbers are for reference only for the purpose of this article and will not necessarily correspond to the actual paragraph numbers in actual resolutions. 

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| 2
| ''Takes note'' of the status of contributions to '''MISSION NAME''' as at '''DATE OF MOST RECENT DATA FROM SECRETARIAT''', including the contributions outstanding in the amount of '''DATA PROVIDED BY SECRETARIAT''', notes with concern that only '''NUMBER''' Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions;
| 44th session
| The first appearance of language urging Member States "to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions" appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/190 44/190] on UNAVEM
|-
| 3
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| 4
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| 5
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session; language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| 6
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 7
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 8
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| 9
| ''Endorses'' the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; 
|
| Standard text endorsing ACABQ recommendations except where recommendations are taken note of or otherwise superseded in the text. See [[practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]].
|-
| 10
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing [[cross-cutting resolutions]] adopted since the 59th session
|-
| 11
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| 12
| ''Takes note'' of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Mission for the period from '''PREVIOUS FINANCIAL PERIOD''';
|
| This paragraph references the most recent performance report, if applicable.
|- 
| 13
| Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for '''MISSION NAME''' the amount of '''TOTAL APPROPRIATION''' for the period from '''NEXT FINANCIAL PERIOD''', inclusive of '''APPROVED LEVEL OF MISSION''' for the maintenance of the Mission, '''MISSION SHARE OF SUPPORT ACCOUNT''' for the support account for peacekeeping operations, '''MISSION SHARE OF UNLB''' for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, and '''MISSION SHARE OF RSCE''' for the Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, Uganda;
|
| Member States do not receive separate assessments for the support account, UNLB and RSCE. Instead, these accounts are financed, pro rata, through missions. The total appropriation for each mission includes the actual requirements for the mission plus the mission's share of the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets, as calculated by the Secretariat. Fifth Committee negotiation of an individual mission budget only determines the approved level of that specific mission; the other figures (the total appropriation and the mission share of the the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets) can only be filled in after the Fifth Committee has reached agreement on the level of the support account, UNLB and RSCE.
|-
| 14
| ''Decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from 1 July '''CURRENT YEAR''' to '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| The Secretariat is only authorized to send assessment letters to finance the activities of a mission until the expiration of its current mandate, even though the budget is approved for the full year. The amount in this paragraph is a prorated amount reflecting the portion of the budget falling within the current mandate period. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 15
| ''Also decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''14''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
| 
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 14 corresponding to the TEF, which was established in [https://undocs.org/a/res/973(X) resolution 973 (X)]. The Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee
|-
| 16
| ''Further decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from '''THE DAY AFTER DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''' to 30 June '''NEXT YEAR''' in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''', subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission;
|
| This amount represents the remainder of the budget. The amount in this paragraph, when added to the amount in paragraph 14, should yield the total appropriation in paragraph 13. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 17
| ''Decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''16''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
|
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 16 corresponding to the TEF. As with paragraph 15, the Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee.
|-
| 18
| Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 14 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| For Member States without outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be credited against their assessment for the next financial period.  
|-
| 19
| ''Further decides'' that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 18 above;
| 50th session
| For Member States with outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be used to meet those outstanding obligations. Before the 50th session, no distinction was made between Member States with or without outstanding contributions, and each Member State's share of the unencumbered balance was applied to the assessment for the next financial period. 
|-
| 20
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 21
| ''Invites'' voluntary contributions to the Mission in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly;
|
| A request for voluntary contributions has been included in resolutions at least since the 1970s, including with the financing of UNIFIL in [https://undocs.org/a/res/s-8/2 resolution S-8/2].
|-
| 22
| Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its '''NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION''' the item entitled “Financing of '''MISSION NAME'''”.
|
| Includes this agenda item in the programme for the next session of the General Assembly
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping Reserve Fund</title>
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    <text bytes="1575" xml:space="preserve">The '''Peacekeeping Reserve Fund''' was established on 1 January 1993 following the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992 "as a cash flow mechanism to ensure the rapid response of the Organization to the needs of peacekeeping operations". The level of the Fund was set at $150 million, and the use of the Fund is governed by [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations]] 4.5-4.9.

== Relevant resolutions ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 Resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992
*: Established the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund at the level of $150 million.

* [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 Resolution 49/233] of 23 December 1994
*: Decided "to limit the utilization of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund to the start-up phase of new peacekeeping operations, to the expansion of existing ones or to unforeseen and extraordinary expenditures related to peacekeeping."&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 2 of section XI of 49/233&lt;/ref&gt;
*: Authorized the Secretary-General to enter into commitments not to exceed $50 million per decision of the Security Council, with the concurrence of the ACABQ.&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 1 of section IV of 49/233&lt;/ref&gt;

* [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 Resolution 64/269] of 24 June 2010
*: Increased the maximum amount of commitment authority from $50 million to $100 million, but not to exceed the available balance of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund.&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 8 of section VI of 64/269&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also == 
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Strategic Deployment Stocks]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>Cross-cutting resolutions</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the fina..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="3139" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''', though the "cross-cutting" label was only adopted in 2005, during the 59th session.  

== List of resolutions ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || [[Death and disability compensation]]
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || Peacekeeping budget process and presentation
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 ||
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || [[Contingent-owned equipment]]; set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Peacekeeping budget process and presentation
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || [[Staff Regulations and Rules|300-series contracts]]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First time resolution explicitly called "cross-cutting issues"; cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; DDR [[programmatic activities]]; [[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5846" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''', though the "cross-cutting" label was only adopted in 2005, during the 59th session.  

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || [[Death and disability compensation]]
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || Peacekeeping budget process and presentation
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 ||
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || [[Contingent-owned equipment]]; set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Peacekeeping budget process and presentation
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || [[Staff Regulations and Rules|300-series contracts]]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First time resolution explicitly called "cross-cutting issues"; cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; DDR [[programmatic activities]]; [[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; [[integrated mission|integrated missions]]
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established [[Senior Advisory Group]] on reimbursement; provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; established withholding of reimbursement on account of sexual exploitation and abuse
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || [[Senior Advisory Group]] recommendations on troop reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]; recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]; SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="6593" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 ||
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="6612" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>d3038f4fc21326555a109b8adac6eae887d29d2e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>290</id>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="6741" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Approved measures on disposition of assets following liquidation ([[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Reg 5.14]]); &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>97e8cc0ed9f088b6a62be99785d5c637412ad47a</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <comment>/* See also */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="6855" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Approved measures on disposition of assets following liquidation ([[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Reg 5.14]]); &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] (Fourth Committee/[[C34]] resolution)

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>d66a1831284115a9bc12ceb353568b81fc2a8651</sha1>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>/* Contingent-owned equipment working group */</comment>
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    <text bytes="8582" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the T/PCC and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Types of contingent-owned equipment ==
All COE falls under one of two types, which are reimbursed in different ways: '''major equipment''', or equipment used by a contingent to support the mission mandate (e.g. vehicles, and '''self-sustainment''', or equipment used by the contingent to support itself (e.g. catering, laundry, office supplies). Some categories of equipment can be reimbursed as either major equipment or self-sustainment based on how it is used, e.g. electrical and medical equipment. 

=== Major equipment ===
Major equipment is reimbursed per item or set of equipment using a monthly rate calculated based on the total cost of the equipment and its estimated useful life. If the contingent is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a wet lease), a maintenance factor is included in the reimbursement rate. Otherwise, the UN is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a dry lease). The reimbursement rate also includes a no-fault incident factor, which addresses costs that may be incurred in dealing with damage resulting from no-fault incidents. No reimbursement is paid on account of equipment that is not present or serviceable. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex A&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Self-sustainment ===
In the MOU, the UN and the T/PCC agree on which categories of self-sustainment will be provided by the UN and which by the contingent. For those categories provided by the contingent, reimbursement is paid on a per-person, per-month basis if the agreed service is provided to UN standard. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex B&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Factors ===
Reimbursement rates also take into account a number of factors that provide additional reimbursement. These include
* '''Mission factors'''&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 7&lt;/ref&gt;
** Extreme environmental conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Intensified operational conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Hostile action or forced abandonment factor (maximum of 5% bonus to self-sustainment rates or half of the maintenance rate for major equipment)
* '''Incremental transportation factor''' &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;
** Calculated based on the distance between port of embarkation for in the T/PCC and the port of entry of the mission area, to account for the costs of maintaining supply lines for spare parts, consumables, etc. Applies to the maintenance rate for major equipment only. 

== Loss or damage == 
Loss or damage due to no-fault incidents is covered under the no-fault incident factor.

Loss or damage due to hostile action is covered under the hostile action or forced abandonment mission factor for low-value loss/damage. For high-value single incidents or cumulative losses, the T/PCC can file a claim with the UN.&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 6&lt;/ref&gt; 

== COE Working Group ==
The COE Working Group meets for a two-week session every three years and makes recommendations to the [[Fifth Committee]] of the General Assembly on the basis of issue papers submitted either by Member States or the Secretariat. These recommendations are contained in a report transmitted in a letter from the Chair of the Working Group to the Chair of the Fifth Committee. In recent years, the COE Working Group has divided its work amongst three sub-working groups, one covering major equipment, one covering self-sustainment and one covering medical issues (given the level of specialized expertise required). 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [http://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. The COE Manual is issued after the General Assembly has taken action on the recommendations of the COE Working Group and reflects the updated policies, procedures and rates related to COE, as well as the text of the model [[memorandum of understanding]].

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2017 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis s..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="5645" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis since 1965. These reports generally relate to the work of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], or C34. 

== List of resolutions ==

The following table lists resolutions titled "Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects". Note that the shorthand "C34" is used in this table to refer to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, even though the Committee was not known as such until after it reached 34 members in the late 1980s. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|- 
| 19 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2006(XIX) 2006(XIX)] || 18 February 1965 || Authorized the establishment of the C34
|-
| 20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2053(XX) 2053(XX)] || 15 December 1965 || Noted C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/5915 A/5915] and [https://undocs.org/A/5915/Add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5916]
|-
| 21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2220(XXI) 2220(XXI)] || 19 December 1966 || Referred C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/6603 A/6603] to the fifth special session of the GA
|-
| S-V || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2249(S-V) 2249(S-V)] || 23 May 1967 || Requested C34 to consider (a) methods of financing future peacekeeping operations and (b) voluntary in-kind contributions to peacekeeping operations
|-
| 22 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2308(XXII) 2308(XXII)] || 13 December 1967 || 
|-
| 23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2451(XXIII) 2451(XXIII)] || 19 December 1968 || Received and examined C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/7131 A/7131] and [https://undocs.org/a/7396 A/7396]
|-
| 24 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2576(XXIV) 2576(XXIV)] || 15 December 1969 || Received and examined C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/7742 A/7742]
|-
| 25 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2670(XXV) 2670(XXV)] || 8 December 1970 || Took note of C34 [https://undocs.org/A/8081 A/8081]
|-
| 26 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2835(XXVI) 2835(XXVI)] || 18 December 1971 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/8550 A/8550]
|-
| 27 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2965(XXVII) 2965(XXVII)] || 13 December 1972 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/8888 A/8888]
|-
| 28 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3091(XXVIII) 3091(XXVIII)] || 7 December 1973 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9236 A/9236]
|-
| 29 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3239(XXIX) 3239(XXIX)] || 29 November 1974 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9827 A/9827]
|-
| 30 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3457(XXX) 3457(XXX)] || 10 December 1975 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/10366 A/10366]
|-
| 31 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/31/105 31/105] || 15 December 1976 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/31/337 A/31/337]
|-
| 32 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/32/106 32/106] || 15 December 1977 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/32/394 A/32/394]
|-
| 33 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/33/114 33/114] || 18 December 1978 || No substantive C34 report; &lt;br /&gt;Invited Member States to submit information about national peacekeeping training programmes and standby capacities to the C34
|-
| 34 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/53 34/53] || 23 November 1979 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/34/592 A/34/592]
|-
| 35 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/35/121 35/121] || 11 December 1980 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/35/532 A/35/532]
|-
| 36 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/36/37 36/37] || 18 November 1981 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/36/469 A/36/469]
|-
| 37 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/37/93 37/93] || 10 December 1982 || No C34 report
|-
| 38 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/38/81 38/81] || 15 December 1983 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/38/381 A/38/381]; &lt;br /&gt;Expressed conviction that peacekeeping operations are an essential function of the UN, though not a substitute for the peaceful settlement of disputes and therefore of a temporary nature
|-
| 39 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/39/97 39/97] || 14 December 1984 || No C34 report
|-
| 40 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/40/163 40/163] || 16 December 1985 || No C34 report
|-
| 41 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/41/67 41/67] || 3 December 1986 || No C34 report
|-
| 42 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/161 42/161] || 8 December 1987 || No C34 report
|-
| 43 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/59 43/59] || 6 December 1988 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/43/566 A/43/566]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved request of the PRC to join the C34, bringing membership to 34
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/49 44/49] || 8 December 1989 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/44/301 A/44/301]; &lt;br /&gt;Encouraged Member States to establish national peacekeeping training programmes and the Secretariat to prepare training materials; &lt;br /&gt;Urged host countries to conclude [[status of forces agreement|status of forces agreements]] and requested Secretariat to prepare a model SOFA; &lt;br /&gt;Decided to allow participation of observers in the C34
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/75 45/75] || 11 December 1990 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/45/330 A/45/330]; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that the composition of UN peacekeeping operations should be on a wide geographical basis, while the composition of each operation would be consistent with particular requirements thereof
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]
* [[Special Political Missions]]

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5645" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis since 1965. These reports generally relate to the work of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], or C34. 

== List of resolutions ==

The following table lists resolutions titled "Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects". Note that the shorthand "C34" is used in this table to refer to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, even though the Committee was not known as such until after it reached 34 members in the late 1980s. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|- 
| 19 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2006(XIX) 2006(XIX)] || 18 February 1965 || Authorized the establishment of the C34
|-
| 20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2053(XX) 2053(XX)] || 15 December 1965 || Noted C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/5915 A/5915] and [https://undocs.org/A/5915/Add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5916]
|-
| 21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2220(XXI) 2220(XXI)] || 19 December 1966 || Referred C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/6603 A/6603] to the fifth special session of the GA
|-
| S-V || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2249(S-V) 2249(S-V)] || 23 May 1967 || Requested C34 to consider (a) methods of financing future peacekeeping operations and (b) voluntary in-kind contributions to peacekeeping operations
|-
| 22 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2308(XXII) 2308(XXII)] || 13 December 1967 || 
|-
| 23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2451(XXIII) 2451(XXIII)] || 19 December 1968 || Received and examined C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/7131 A/7131] and [https://undocs.org/a/7396 A/7396]
|-
| 24 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2576(XXIV) 2576(XXIV)] || 15 December 1969 || Received and examined C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/7742 A/7742]
|-
| 25 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2670(XXV) 2670(XXV)] || 8 December 1970 || Took note of C34 [https://undocs.org/A/8081 A/8081]
|-
| 26 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2835(XXVI) 2835(XXVI)] || 18 December 1971 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/8550 A/8550]
|-
| 27 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2965(XXVII) 2965(XXVII)] || 13 December 1972 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/8888 A/8888]
|-
| 28 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3091(XXVIII) 3091(XXVIII)] || 7 December 1973 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9236 A/9236]
|-
| 29 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3239(XXIX) 3239(XXIX)] || 29 November 1974 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9827 A/9827]
|-
| 30 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3457(XXX) 3457(XXX)] || 10 December 1975 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/10366 A/10366]
|-
| 31 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/31/105 31/105] || 15 December 1976 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/31/337 A/31/337]
|-
| 32 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/32/106 32/106] || 15 December 1977 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/32/394 A/32/394]
|-
| 33 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/33/114 33/114] || 18 December 1978 || No substantive C34 report; &lt;br /&gt;Invited Member States to submit information about national peacekeeping training programmes and standby capacities to the C34
|-
| 34 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/53 34/53] || 23 November 1979 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/34/592 A/34/592]
|-
| 35 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/35/121 35/121] || 11 December 1980 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/35/532 A/35/532]
|-
| 36 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/36/37 36/37] || 18 November 1981 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/36/469 A/36/469]
|-
| 37 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/37/93 37/93] || 10 December 1982 || No C34 report
|-
| 38 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/38/81 38/81] || 15 December 1983 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/38/381 A/38/381]; &lt;br /&gt;Expressed conviction that peacekeeping operations are an essential function of the UN, though not a substitute for the peaceful settlement of disputes and therefore of a temporary nature
|-
| 39 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/39/97 39/97] || 14 December 1984 || No C34 report
|-
| 40 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/40/163 40/163] || 16 December 1985 || No C34 report
|-
| 41 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/41/67 41/67] || 3 December 1986 || No C34 report
|-
| 42 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/161 42/161] || 8 December 1987 || No C34 report
|-
| 43 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/59 43/59] || 6 December 1988 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/43/566 A/43/566]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved request of the PRC to join the C34, bringing membership to 34
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/49 44/49] || 8 December 1989 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/44/301 A/44/301]; &lt;br /&gt;Encouraged Member States to establish national peacekeeping training programmes and the Secretariat to prepare training materials; &lt;br /&gt;Urged host countries to conclude [[status of forces agreement|status of forces agreements]] and requested Secretariat to prepare a model SOFA; &lt;br /&gt;Decided to allow participation of observers in the C34
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/75 45/75] || 11 December 1990 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/45/330 A/45/330]; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that the composition of UN peacekeeping operations should be on a wide geographical basis, while the composition of each operation would be consistent with particular requirements thereof
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="11440" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis since 1965. These reports generally relate to the work of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], or C34. 

== List of resolutions ==

The following table lists resolutions titled "Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects". Note that the shorthand "C34" is used in this table to refer to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, even though the Committee was not known as such until after it reached 34 members in the late 1980s. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|- 
| 19 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2006(XIX) 2006(XIX)] || 18 February 1965 || Authorized the establishment of the C34
|-
| 20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2053(XX) 2053(XX)] || 15 December 1965 || Noted C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/5915 A/5915] and [https://undocs.org/A/5915/Add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5916]
|-
| 21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2220(XXI) 2220(XXI)] || 19 December 1966 || Referred C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/6603 A/6603] to the fifth special session of the GA
|-
| S-V || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2249(S-V) 2249(S-V)] || 23 May 1967 || Requested C34 to consider (a) methods of financing future peacekeeping operations and (b) voluntary in-kind contributions to peacekeeping operations
|-
| 22 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2308(XXII) 2308(XXII)] || 13 December 1967 || 
|-
| 23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2451(XXIII) 2451(XXIII)] || 19 December 1968 || Received and examined C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/7131 A/7131] and [https://undocs.org/a/7396 A/7396]
|-
| 24 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2576(XXIV) 2576(XXIV)] || 15 December 1969 || Received and examined C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/7742 A/7742]
|-
| 25 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2670(XXV) 2670(XXV)] || 8 December 1970 || Took note of C34 [https://undocs.org/A/8081 A/8081]
|-
| 26 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2835(XXVI) 2835(XXVI)] || 18 December 1971 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/8550 A/8550]
|-
| 27 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2965(XXVII) 2965(XXVII)] || 13 December 1972 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/8888 A/8888]
|-
| 28 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3091(XXVIII) 3091(XXVIII)] || 7 December 1973 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9236 A/9236]
|-
| 29 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3239(XXIX) 3239(XXIX)] || 29 November 1974 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9827 A/9827]
|-
| 30 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3457(XXX) 3457(XXX)] || 10 December 1975 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/10366 A/10366]
|-
| 31 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/31/105 31/105] || 15 December 1976 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/31/337 A/31/337]
|-
| 32 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/32/106 32/106] || 15 December 1977 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/32/394 A/32/394]
|-
| 33 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/33/114 33/114] || 18 December 1978 || No substantive C34 report; &lt;br /&gt;Invited Member States to submit information about national peacekeeping training programmes and standby capacities to the C34
|-
| 34 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/53 34/53] || 23 November 1979 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/34/592 A/34/592]
|-
| 35 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/35/121 35/121] || 11 December 1980 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/35/532 A/35/532]
|-
| 36 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/36/37 36/37] || 18 November 1981 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/36/469 A/36/469]
|-
| 37 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/37/93 37/93] || 10 December 1982 || No C34 report
|-
| 38 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/38/81 38/81] || 15 December 1983 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/38/381 A/38/381]; &lt;br /&gt;Expressed conviction that peacekeeping operations are an essential function of the UN, though not a substitute for the peaceful settlement of disputes and therefore of a temporary nature
|-
| 39 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/39/97 39/97] || 14 December 1984 || No C34 report
|-
| 40 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/40/163 40/163] || 16 December 1985 || No C34 report
|-
| 41 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/41/67 41/67] || 3 December 1986 || No C34 report
|-
| 42 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/161 42/161] || 8 December 1987 || No C34 report
|-
| 43 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/59 43/59] || 6 December 1988 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/43/566 A/43/566]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved request of the PRC to join the C34, bringing membership to 34
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/49 44/49] || 8 December 1989 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/44/301 A/44/301]; &lt;br /&gt;Encouraged Member States to establish national peacekeeping training programmes and the Secretariat to prepare training materials; &lt;br /&gt;Urged host countries to conclude [[status of forces agreement|status of forces agreements]] and requested Secretariat to prepare a model SOFA; &lt;br /&gt;Decided to allow participation of observers in the C34
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/75 45/75] || 11 December 1990 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/45/330 A/45/330]; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that the composition of UN peacekeeping operations should be on a wide geographical basis, while the composition of each operation would be consistent with particular requirements thereof
|-
| 46 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/48 46/48] || 9 December 1991 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/46/254 A/46/254]; &lt;br /&gt; Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/45/502 A/45/502] on use of civilian personnel in peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/46/169 A/46/169] and [https://undocs.org/a/46/169/add.1 Add.1] on Secretariat units dealing with peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Considered it important to study financial questions seriously, particularly at the planning stage, to ensure the most cost-effective and efficient conduct of operations and strict control of expenditures; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of possibility of holding inter-sessional open-ended informal consultations to have an exchange of views and to receive briefings from the Secretariat; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized that peacekeeping operations are an evolving concept calling for increased attention and ongoing evaluation by Member States
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/71 47/71] || 14 December 1992 || Took note of C34 reports [https://undocs.org/a/47/243 A/47/253] and [https://undocs.org/a/47/386 A/47/386] (Special report on An Agenda for Peace); &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need for the UN to be given resources commensurate with its growing responsibilities in peacekeeping, particularly with reference to resources needed for start-up phases; &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need to delegated increased financial and administrative authority to FCs and SRSGs to increase missions' capacity to adjust to new situations and specific requirements; &lt;br /&gt;Encourages consideration of the establishment of a [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund|reserve fund]] to improve start-up financing of peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Acknowledged the competence of the General Assembly for appropriation and apportionment, and the importance of the Security Council being informed of cost implications; &lt;br /&gt;Emphasized importance of making a clear distinction between peacekeeping operations and assistance from the specialized agencies and departments of the UN not an integral part of the operation; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the creation of [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the decision to appoint a Senior Police Adviser; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of report [https://undocs.org/a/47/604 A/47/604] on the feasibility of establishing an annual peacekeeping fellowship programme for national peacekeeping trainers; &lt;br /&gt;Invited the SG to review, with a view to streamlining procedures and enhancing effectiveness, the applicable financial and administrative regulations concerning peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 A/47/277] of the Secretary-General on strengthening the capacity of the UN for preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping ([[An Agenda for Peace]])
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/42 48/42] || 10 December 1993 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/48/173 A/48/173]; &lt;br /&gt;Noted with appreciation establishment of a stand-by forces planning team; &lt;br /&gt;Requested Secretariat to develop guidelines concerning the disposition of UN equipment upon termination of a peacekeeping operation; &lt;br /&gt;Noted report [https://undocs.org/a/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/503/add.1 Add.1] on improving the [[financial situation of the United Nations]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of the transfer of the [[Department of Field Support|Field Operations Division]] from the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]] to [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment in DPKO of a 24/7 situation centre; &lt;br /&gt;Noted the importance of concluding [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] between the UN and troop contributors before deployment; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of a focal point for peacekeeping training in DPKO; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized importance of public information and called for significant enhancement of the rpess and public information function for peacekeeping missions; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that any State in whose territory a UN peacekeeping operation is conducted should act promptly to deter and prosecute those responsible for attacks and other acts of violence against UN personnel; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/48/349 A/48/349] on measures and proposals to ensure and enhance security of UN operations
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/49/37 49/37] || 9 December 1994 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/49/136 A/49/136]; &lt;br /&gt;Confirmed that a peacekeeping operation should be under the operational control of the UN and that the appropriate channel for raising national concerns is through Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of proposals of the Secretary-General on rationalization of the budgetary process [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/403 A/48/403] and on planning, budgeting and administration of peacekeeping operations [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed creation of Policy and Analysis Unit and Planning Division within DPKO;&lt;br /&gt;Welcomed adoption of the Convention on the Safety of UN and Associated Personnel (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/49/59 resolution 49/59])
|-
| 50 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/50/30 50/30] || 6 December 1995 || Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/50/230 A/50/230]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/RES/51/136 51/136] || 13 December 1996 || Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/51/130 A/51/130] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/130/corr.1 Corr.1]
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/69 52/69] || 10 December 1997 || Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/52/209 A/52/209]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>7f89878ea8f589a2c1805516977869dd2b2393dd</sha1>
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    <text bytes="11628" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis since 1965. These reports generally relate to the work of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], or C34. 

== List of resolutions ==

The following table lists resolutions titled "Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects". Note that the shorthand "C34" is used in this table to refer to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, even though the Committee was not known as such until after it reached 34 members in the late 1980s. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|- 
| 19 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2006(XIX) 2006(XIX)] || 18 February 1965 || Authorized the establishment of the C34
|-
| 20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2053(XX) 2053(XX)] || 15 December 1965 || Noted C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/5915 A/5915] and [https://undocs.org/A/5915/Add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5916]
|-
| 21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2220(XXI) 2220(XXI)] || 19 December 1966 || Referred C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/6603 A/6603] to the fifth special session of the GA
|-
| S-V || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2249(S-V) 2249(S-V)] || 23 May 1967 || Requested C34 to consider (a) methods of financing future peacekeeping operations and (b) voluntary in-kind contributions to peacekeeping operations
|-
| 22 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2308(XXII) 2308(XXII)] || 13 December 1967 || 
|-
| 23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2451(XXIII) 2451(XXIII)] || 19 December 1968 || Received and examined C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/7131 A/7131] and [https://undocs.org/a/7396 A/7396]
|-
| 24 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2576(XXIV) 2576(XXIV)] || 15 December 1969 || Received and examined C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/7742 A/7742]
|-
| 25 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2670(XXV) 2670(XXV)] || 8 December 1970 || Took note of C34 [https://undocs.org/A/8081 A/8081]
|-
| 26 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2835(XXVI) 2835(XXVI)] || 18 December 1971 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/8550 A/8550]
|-
| 27 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2965(XXVII) 2965(XXVII)] || 13 December 1972 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/8888 A/8888]
|-
| 28 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3091(XXVIII) 3091(XXVIII)] || 7 December 1973 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9236 A/9236]
|-
| 29 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3239(XXIX) 3239(XXIX)] || 29 November 1974 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9827 A/9827]
|-
| 30 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3457(XXX) 3457(XXX)] || 10 December 1975 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/10366 A/10366]
|-
| 31 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/31/105 31/105] || 15 December 1976 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/31/337 A/31/337]
|-
| 32 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/32/106 32/106] || 15 December 1977 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/32/394 A/32/394]
|-
| 33 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/33/114 33/114] || 18 December 1978 || No substantive C34 report; &lt;br /&gt;Invited Member States to submit information about national peacekeeping training programmes and standby capacities to the C34
|-
| 34 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/53 34/53] || 23 November 1979 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/34/592 A/34/592]
|-
| 35 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/35/121 35/121] || 11 December 1980 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/35/532 A/35/532]
|-
| 36 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/36/37 36/37] || 18 November 1981 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/36/469 A/36/469]
|-
| 37 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/37/93 37/93] || 10 December 1982 || No C34 report
|-
| 38 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/38/81 38/81] || 15 December 1983 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/38/381 A/38/381]; &lt;br /&gt;Expressed conviction that peacekeeping operations are an essential function of the UN, though not a substitute for the peaceful settlement of disputes and therefore of a temporary nature
|-
| 39 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/39/97 39/97] || 14 December 1984 || No C34 report
|-
| 40 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/40/163 40/163] || 16 December 1985 || No C34 report
|-
| 41 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/41/67 41/67] || 3 December 1986 || No C34 report
|-
| 42 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/161 42/161] || 8 December 1987 || No C34 report
|-
| 43 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/59 43/59] || 6 December 1988 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/43/566 A/43/566]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved request of the PRC to join the C34, bringing membership to 34
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/49 44/49] || 8 December 1989 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/44/301 A/44/301]; &lt;br /&gt;Encouraged Member States to establish national peacekeeping training programmes and the Secretariat to prepare training materials; &lt;br /&gt;Urged host countries to conclude [[status of forces agreement|status of forces agreements]] and requested Secretariat to prepare a model SOFA; &lt;br /&gt;Decided to allow participation of observers in the C34
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/75 45/75] || 11 December 1990 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/45/330 A/45/330]; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that the composition of UN peacekeeping operations should be on a wide geographical basis, while the composition of each operation would be consistent with particular requirements thereof
|-
| 46 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/48 46/48] || 9 December 1991 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/46/254 A/46/254]; &lt;br /&gt; Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/45/502 A/45/502] on use of civilian personnel in peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/46/169 A/46/169] and [https://undocs.org/a/46/169/add.1 Add.1] on Secretariat units dealing with peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Considered it important to study financial questions seriously, particularly at the planning stage, to ensure the most cost-effective and efficient conduct of operations and strict control of expenditures; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of possibility of holding inter-sessional open-ended informal consultations to have an exchange of views and to receive briefings from the Secretariat; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized that peacekeeping operations are an evolving concept calling for increased attention and ongoing evaluation by Member States
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/71 47/71] || 14 December 1992 || Took note of C34 reports [https://undocs.org/a/47/243 A/47/253] and [https://undocs.org/a/47/386 A/47/386] (Special report on An Agenda for Peace); &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need for the UN to be given resources commensurate with its growing responsibilities in peacekeeping, particularly with reference to resources needed for start-up phases; &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need to delegated increased financial and administrative authority to FCs and SRSGs to increase missions' capacity to adjust to new situations and specific requirements; &lt;br /&gt;Encourages consideration of the establishment of a [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund|reserve fund]] to improve start-up financing of peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Acknowledged the competence of the General Assembly for appropriation and apportionment, and the importance of the Security Council being informed of cost implications; &lt;br /&gt;Emphasized importance of making a clear distinction between peacekeeping operations and assistance from the specialized agencies and departments of the UN not an integral part of the operation; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the creation of [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the decision to appoint a Senior Police Adviser; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of report [https://undocs.org/a/47/604 A/47/604] on the feasibility of establishing an annual peacekeeping fellowship programme for national peacekeeping trainers; &lt;br /&gt;Invited the SG to review, with a view to streamlining procedures and enhancing effectiveness, the applicable financial and administrative regulations concerning peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 A/47/277] of the Secretary-General on strengthening the capacity of the UN for preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping ([[An Agenda for Peace]])
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/42 48/42] || 10 December 1993 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/48/173 A/48/173]; &lt;br /&gt;Noted with appreciation establishment of a stand-by forces planning team; &lt;br /&gt;Requested Secretariat to develop guidelines concerning the disposition of UN equipment upon termination of a peacekeeping operation; &lt;br /&gt;Noted report [https://undocs.org/a/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/503/add.1 Add.1] on improving the [[financial situation of the United Nations]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of the transfer of the [[Department of Field Support|Field Operations Division]] from the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]] to [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment in DPKO of a 24/7 situation centre; &lt;br /&gt;Noted the importance of concluding [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] between the UN and troop contributors before deployment; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of a focal point for peacekeeping training in DPKO; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized importance of public information and called for significant enhancement of the rpess and public information function for peacekeeping missions; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that any State in whose territory a UN peacekeeping operation is conducted should act promptly to deter and prosecute those responsible for attacks and other acts of violence against UN personnel; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/48/349 A/48/349] on measures and proposals to ensure and enhance security of UN operations
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/49/37 49/37] || 9 December 1994 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/49/136 A/49/136]; &lt;br /&gt;Confirmed that a peacekeeping operation should be under the operational control of the UN and that the appropriate channel for raising national concerns is through Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of proposals of the Secretary-General on rationalization of the budgetary process [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/403 A/48/403] and on planning, budgeting and administration of peacekeeping operations [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed creation of Policy and Analysis Unit and Planning Division within DPKO;&lt;br /&gt;Welcomed adoption of the Convention on the Safety of UN and Associated Personnel (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/49/59 resolution 49/59])
|-
| 50 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/50/30 50/30] || 6 December 1995 || Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/50/230 A/50/230]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/RES/51/136 51/136] || 13 December 1996 || Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/51/130 A/51/130] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/130/corr.1 Corr.1]
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/69 52/69] || 10 December 1997 || Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/52/209 A/52/209]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]
* [[Special political missions#Comprehensive_review_of_special_political_missions|Comprehensive review of special political missions]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions|Cross-cutting issues]] ([[Fifth Committee]] resolution)

== References ==

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="15830" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis since 1965. These reports generally relate to the work of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], or C34. 

== List of resolutions ==

The following table lists resolutions titled "Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects". Note that the shorthand "C34" is used in this table to refer to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, even though the Committee was not known as such until after it reached 34 members in the late 1980s. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|- 
| 19 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2006(XIX) 2006(XIX)] || 18 February 1965 || Authorized the establishment of the C34
|-
| 20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2053(XX) 2053(XX)] || 15 December 1965 || Noted C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/5915 A/5915] and [https://undocs.org/A/5915/Add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5916]
|-
| 21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2220(XXI) 2220(XXI)] || 19 December 1966 || Referred C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/6603 A/6603] to the fifth special session of the GA
|-
| S-V || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2249(S-V) 2249(S-V)] || 23 May 1967 || Requested C34 to consider (a) methods of financing future peacekeeping operations and (b) voluntary in-kind contributions to peacekeeping operations
|-
| 22 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2308(XXII) 2308(XXII)] || 13 December 1967 || 
|-
| 23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2451(XXIII) 2451(XXIII)] || 19 December 1968 || Received and examined C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/7131 A/7131] and [https://undocs.org/a/7396 A/7396]
|-
| 24 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2576(XXIV) 2576(XXIV)] || 15 December 1969 || Received and examined C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/7742 A/7742]
|-
| 25 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2670(XXV) 2670(XXV)] || 8 December 1970 || Took note of C34 [https://undocs.org/A/8081 A/8081]
|-
| 26 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2835(XXVI) 2835(XXVI)] || 18 December 1971 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/8550 A/8550]
|-
| 27 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2965(XXVII) 2965(XXVII)] || 13 December 1972 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/8888 A/8888]
|-
| 28 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3091(XXVIII) 3091(XXVIII)] || 7 December 1973 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9236 A/9236]
|-
| 29 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3239(XXIX) 3239(XXIX)] || 29 November 1974 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9827 A/9827]
|-
| 30 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3457(XXX) 3457(XXX)] || 10 December 1975 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/10366 A/10366]
|-
| 31 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/31/105 31/105] || 15 December 1976 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/31/337 A/31/337]
|-
| 32 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/32/106 32/106] || 15 December 1977 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/32/394 A/32/394]
|-
| 33 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/33/114 33/114] || 18 December 1978 || No substantive C34 report; &lt;br /&gt;Invited Member States to submit information about national peacekeeping training programmes and standby capacities to the C34
|-
| 34 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/53 34/53] || 23 November 1979 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/34/592 A/34/592]
|-
| 35 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/35/121 35/121] || 11 December 1980 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/35/532 A/35/532]
|-
| 36 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/36/37 36/37] || 18 November 1981 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/36/469 A/36/469]
|-
| 37 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/37/93 37/93] || 10 December 1982 || No C34 report
|-
| 38 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/38/81 38/81] || 15 December 1983 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/38/381 A/38/381]; &lt;br /&gt;Expressed conviction that peacekeeping operations are an essential function of the UN, though not a substitute for the peaceful settlement of disputes and therefore of a temporary nature
|-
| 39 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/39/97 39/97] || 14 December 1984 || No C34 report
|-
| 40 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/40/163 40/163] || 16 December 1985 || No C34 report
|-
| 41 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/41/67 41/67] || 3 December 1986 || No C34 report
|-
| 42 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/161 42/161] || 8 December 1987 || No C34 report
|-
| 43 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/59 43/59] || 6 December 1988 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/43/566 A/43/566]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved request of the PRC to join the C34, bringing membership to 34
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/49 44/49] || 8 December 1989 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/44/301 A/44/301]; &lt;br /&gt;Encouraged Member States to establish national peacekeeping training programmes and the Secretariat to prepare training materials; &lt;br /&gt;Urged host countries to conclude [[status of forces agreement|status of forces agreements]] and requested Secretariat to prepare a model SOFA; &lt;br /&gt;Decided to allow participation of observers in the C34
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/75 45/75] || 11 December 1990 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/45/330 A/45/330]; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that the composition of UN peacekeeping operations should be on a wide geographical basis, while the composition of each operation would be consistent with particular requirements thereof
|-
| 46 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/48 46/48] || 9 December 1991 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/46/254 A/46/254]; &lt;br /&gt; Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/45/502 A/45/502] on use of civilian personnel in peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/46/169 A/46/169] and [https://undocs.org/a/46/169/add.1 Add.1] on Secretariat units dealing with peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Considered it important to study financial questions seriously, particularly at the planning stage, to ensure the most cost-effective and efficient conduct of operations and strict control of expenditures; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of possibility of holding inter-sessional open-ended informal consultations to have an exchange of views and to receive briefings from the Secretariat; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized that peacekeeping operations are an evolving concept calling for increased attention and ongoing evaluation by Member States
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/71 47/71] || 14 December 1992 || Took note of C34 reports [https://undocs.org/a/47/243 A/47/253] and [https://undocs.org/a/47/386 A/47/386] (Special report on An Agenda for Peace); &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need for the UN to be given resources commensurate with its growing responsibilities in peacekeeping, particularly with reference to resources needed for start-up phases; &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need to delegated increased financial and administrative authority to FCs and SRSGs to increase missions' capacity to adjust to new situations and specific requirements; &lt;br /&gt;Encourages consideration of the establishment of a [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund|reserve fund]] to improve start-up financing of peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Acknowledged the competence of the General Assembly for appropriation and apportionment, and the importance of the Security Council being informed of cost implications; &lt;br /&gt;Emphasized importance of making a clear distinction between peacekeeping operations and assistance from the specialized agencies and departments of the UN not an integral part of the operation; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the creation of [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the decision to appoint a Senior Police Adviser; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of report [https://undocs.org/a/47/604 A/47/604] on the feasibility of establishing an annual peacekeeping fellowship programme for national peacekeeping trainers; &lt;br /&gt;Invited the SG to review, with a view to streamlining procedures and enhancing effectiveness, the applicable financial and administrative regulations concerning peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 A/47/277] of the Secretary-General on strengthening the capacity of the UN for preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping ([[An Agenda for Peace]])
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/42 48/42] || 10 December 1993 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/48/173 A/48/173]; &lt;br /&gt;Noted with appreciation establishment of a stand-by forces planning team; &lt;br /&gt;Requested Secretariat to develop guidelines concerning the disposition of UN equipment upon termination of a peacekeeping operation; &lt;br /&gt;Noted report [https://undocs.org/a/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/503/add.1 Add.1] on improving the [[financial situation of the United Nations]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of the transfer of the [[Department of Field Support|Field Operations Division]] from the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]] to [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment in DPKO of a 24/7 situation centre; &lt;br /&gt;Noted the importance of concluding [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] between the UN and troop contributors before deployment; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of a focal point for peacekeeping training in DPKO; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized importance of public information and called for significant enhancement of the rpess and public information function for peacekeeping missions; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that any State in whose territory a UN peacekeeping operation is conducted should act promptly to deter and prosecute those responsible for attacks and other acts of violence against UN personnel; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/48/349 A/48/349] on measures and proposals to ensure and enhance security of UN operations
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/49/37 49/37] || 9 December 1994 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/49/136 A/49/136]; &lt;br /&gt;Confirmed that a peacekeeping operation should be under the operational control of the UN and that the appropriate channel for raising national concerns is through Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of proposals of the Secretary-General on rationalization of the budgetary process [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/403 A/48/403] and on planning, budgeting and administration of peacekeeping operations [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed creation of Policy and Analysis Unit and Planning Division within DPKO;&lt;br /&gt;Welcomed adoption of the Convention on the Safety of UN and Associated Personnel (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/49/59 resolution 49/59])
|-
| 50 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/50/30 50/30] || 6 December 1995 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/50/230 A/50/230]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/RES/51/136 51/136] || 13 December 1996 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/51/130 A/51/130] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/130/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Expanded membership of the C34 to past and present personnel contributors and observers during the 1996 session; &lt;br /&gt;Decided that membership should be open to Member States who become personnel contributors or who participate as observers for three years
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/69 52/69] || 10 December 1997 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/52/209 A/52/209]
|-
| 53 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/53/58 53/58] || 3 December 1998 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81 54/81A] || 6 December 1999 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81B 54/81B] || 25 May 2000 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839]
|-
| 55 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/135 55/135] || 8 December 2000 || ''Note: The C34 convened in an extraordinary session to consider the [[Brahimi report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225 56/225A] || 24 December 2001 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/corr.1 Corr.1] 
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/241 56/241] || 24 December 2001 || ''Note: This was a [[Fifth Committee]] resolution related to resource requirements associated with implementation of the recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]].''&lt;br /&gt;Took note of the statement of financial implications of draft resolution [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/L.23 A/C.4/55/L.23] ([https://undocs.org/a/res/56/225 56/225A]) [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46 A/C.5/55/46], [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/add.1 Add.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved an additional 7 posts in the regular budget and 121 posts under the support account
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225B 56/225B] || 22 May 2002 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57/336 57/336] || 18 June 2003 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767]
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/58/315 58/315] || 1 July 2004 || ''Note: this was the first year that the C-34 report was issued under the reserved document number '19'.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(supp) A/58/19]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/281 59/281] || 29 March 2005 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/300 59/300] || 22 June 2005 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 4-8 April to consider the [[Zeid report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of the C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/263 60/263] || 6 June 2006 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/289 60/289] || 8 September 2006 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 26-27 June to consider the [[sexual exploitation and abuse|victims assistance strategy]] and model [[memorandum of understanding]].''&lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267 61/267] || 16 May 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a second resumed session in 2006 on 18 December.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/291 61/291] || 24 July 2007 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267B 61/267B] || 24 July 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session on 11 June 2007 to consider the revised draft model [[memorandum of understanding]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part III]
|-
| 62 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/273 62/273] || 11 September 2008 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) A/62/19]
|-
| 63 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/280 63/280] || 8 May 2009 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(supp) A/63/19]
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/266 64/266] || 21 May 2010 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]
* [[Special political missions#Comprehensive_review_of_special_political_missions|Comprehensive review of special political missions]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions|Cross-cutting issues]] ([[Fifth Committee]] resolution)

== References ==

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190208165642|254">
  <title>United Nations reform</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="2782" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) 
: Established the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]].
* '''The [[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* [[Civilian Capacity Review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
: Proposed measures to improve United Nations approaches to peacebuilding
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports</title>
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    <comment>/* Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ) */ Added references to resolutions in which the GA took note of entire ACABQ report</comment>
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    <text bytes="8742" xml:space="preserve">The '''[[Fifth Committee]]''' has developed different practices when taking action on reports submitted by different individuals or bodies. The below is adapted from a working document maintained by the Secretariat of the Fifth Committee.

=== Reports of the Secretary-General ===
When the General Assembly “takes note” of reports of the Secretary-General or recommendations contained in these reports this means that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.
The General Assembly traditionally either “takes note”, or “takes note with appreciation” or “welcomes” reports of the Secretary-General. By doing so the Assembly is effectively indicating that it has seen these reports and that they are no longer on the list of documents to be considered by the Assembly.

=== Reports of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] (ACABQ) === 
It is the practice of the General Assembly to “endorse” the recommendations contained in the reports of the ACABQ, usually “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. This effectively means that the Assembly agrees with all of the observations and recommendations contained in bold in the Advisory Committee’s reports, and where it does not agree the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse.
Since the report of the Advisory Committee is endorsed overall, when the Assembly “takes note” of a particular paragraph of the Advisory Committee’s report, this indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.&lt;ref&gt;There have been a number of instances in which the General Assembly has disagreed with all conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ by taking note of entire ACABQ reports, including [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/251 resolution 61/251] on the Capital Master Plan and [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/241 64/241] on ASHI&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Reports of the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]] (OIOS) === 
When the General Assembly “takes note” of an OIOS report, which contains the comments of the Secretary-General, the Assembly is effectively requesting the Secretary-General to implement the recommendations of OIOS, taking into account the comments of the Secretary-General’s. As a result, “takes note” is equal to “endorsement” of the report but any departure from the comments of the Secretary-General would need to be clearly articulated in the resolution.

=== Recommendations of the [[Board of Auditors]] (BOA) === 
The General Assembly usually “accepts” the financial report and audited financial statements of the BOA and normally “approves” the recommendations and conclusions contained in the Board’s reports, in their entirety. In cases where the Assembly cannot reach agreement on specific recommendations of the BOA, rather than single out these specific sections, it has been the practice of the General Assembly to recall previous relevant resolutions relating to the substance of the issue under discussion (for example on human resources). It is then the understanding that the Secretary-General should not implement those recommendations. 
The General Assembly does not make direct requests to the BOA. In accordance with article VII, regulation 7.7 of the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations, the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions may request the BOA to perform certain specific examinations and issue separate reports on the results. Therefore the General Assembly may request the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions to request the BOA to undertake particular action.

=== Reports of the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] (IAAC) === 
It is the understanding of the Fifth Committee (see Summary Records of 28th meeting of the sixty-third session – (A/C.5/63/SR.28) that if the Committee “takes note” of recommendations of the IAAC related to the Office of Internal Oversight Services it agrees with these recommendations and will then further request the Secretary-General to implement them.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to subjects other than the Office of Internal Oversight Services then the Committee considers these in the context of General Assembly decision 55/488, whereby “takes note” indicates that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.

It is the understanding of the Committee that observations and recommendations of the IAAC relating to the review of the mandate of the Office of Internal Oversight Services will be “endorsed” and, if modified by the Fifth Committee, this will be “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. As with reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, where the Committee does not agree with a recommendation of the IAAC the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse by using “takes note” of a particular paragraph. This indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to the budget of the Office of Internal Oversight Services, these will be submitted through the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the Committee will decide on these recommendations in the context of the ACABQ’s recommendations on the proposals.

=== Reports of the [[Joint Inspection Unit]] (JIU) === 
; Annual report and programme of work of the JIU
: The Annual Report of the Joint Inspection Unit along with its programme of work for the coming year is presented annually to the General Assembly at the Fifth Committee’s first resumed session (resolution 61/260). The Assembly “takes note (usually with appreciation) of the JIU’s annual report.

; Reports of the JIU
: According to Article 11.4 (d) of the Statute of the JIU, the Secretary-General can present his comments in an addendum to the JIU report, where he will indicate how he intends to address the recommendations. In cases where recommendations of the JIU require policy decisions by the General Assembly these will require action in the relevant resolution to “request the Secretary-General to implement.”

=== Reports of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] (ICSC) ===
When considering the reports of the International Civil Service Commission, the General Assembly “takes note” of the report and of any decisions that are within the competence of the Commission (such as to keep under its review particular questions). Any decisions or recommendations of the ICSC that require action by the General Assembly, for example regarding remuneration or increases to allowances, the General Assembly, if it agrees, will “approve” the ICSC’s recommendations.

=== Reports of the [[United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board]] (UNJSPF) ===
The General Assembly “takes note” of the report of the Pension Board and the information it contains. In the case of proposals or recommendations by the Board that require decision of the Assembly, such as any proposed changes to regulations or provisions of the Pension Fund, the General Assembly will “approve”.

In addition, the Secretary-General prepares a report on the administrative and financial implications of any decisions by the UN Joint Staff Pension Board. This report is considered by the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the General Assembly will therefore also “endorse” the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee (see above).

=== Reports of the [[Committee on Contributions]] (COC) ===
The General Assembly will consider the reports of the Committee on Contributions in its preamblular part i.e. “having considered”. Where there are specific observations or recommendations in the Committee’s report that the General Assembly approves, it will “endorse” the relevant section or paragraph in the report.

=== Reports of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] (CPC) ===
The General Assembly “endorses” the conclusions and recommendations of the Committee for Programme and Coordination contained in each chapter of its report. If the Assembly does not agree with any recommendation or conclusion of the Committee this will be reflected in the resolution (for example further changes to the Strategic Framework – see the Annex to resolution 61/235). Any additional requests or decisions by the Assembly will be contained in the text of the draft resolution.

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="8760" xml:space="preserve">The '''[[Fifth Committee]]''' has developed different practices when taking action on reports submitted by different individuals or bodies. The below is adapted from a working document maintained by the Secretariat of the Fifth Committee.

=== Reports of the Secretary-General ===
When the General Assembly “takes note” of reports of the Secretary-General or recommendations contained in these reports this means that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.
The General Assembly traditionally either “takes note”, or “takes note with appreciation” or “welcomes” reports of the Secretary-General. By doing so the Assembly is effectively indicating that it has seen these reports and that they are no longer on the list of documents to be considered by the Assembly.

=== Reports of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] (ACABQ) === 
It is the practice of the General Assembly to “endorse” the recommendations contained in the reports of the ACABQ, usually “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. This effectively means that the Assembly agrees with all of the observations and recommendations contained in bold in the Advisory Committee’s reports, and where it does not agree the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse.
Since the report of the Advisory Committee is endorsed overall, when the Assembly “takes note” of a particular paragraph of the Advisory Committee’s report, this indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.&lt;ref&gt;There have been a number of instances in which the General Assembly has disagreed with all conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ by taking note of entire ACABQ reports, including [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/251 resolution 61/251] on the Capital Master Plan and [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/241 64/241] on ASHI&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Reports of the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]] (OIOS) === 
When the General Assembly “takes note” of an OIOS report, which contains the comments of the Secretary-General, the Assembly is effectively requesting the Secretary-General to implement the recommendations of OIOS, taking into account the comments of the Secretary-General’s. As a result, “takes note” is equal to “endorsement” of the report but any departure from the comments of the Secretary-General would need to be clearly articulated in the resolution.

=== Recommendations of the [[Board of Auditors]] (BOA) === 
The General Assembly usually “accepts” the financial report and audited financial statements of the BOA and normally “approves” the recommendations and conclusions contained in the Board’s reports, in their entirety. In cases where the Assembly cannot reach agreement on specific recommendations of the BOA, rather than single out these specific sections, it has been the practice of the General Assembly to recall previous relevant resolutions relating to the substance of the issue under discussion (for example on human resources). It is then the understanding that the Secretary-General should not implement those recommendations. 
The General Assembly does not make direct requests to the BOA. In accordance with article VII, regulation 7.7 of the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations, the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions may request the BOA to perform certain specific examinations and issue separate reports on the results. Therefore the General Assembly may request the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions to request the BOA to undertake particular action.

=== Reports of the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] (IAAC) === 
It is the understanding of the Fifth Committee (see Summary Records of 28th meeting of the sixty-third session – (A/C.5/63/SR.28) that if the Committee “takes note” of recommendations of the IAAC related to the Office of Internal Oversight Services it agrees with these recommendations and will then further request the Secretary-General to implement them.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to subjects other than the Office of Internal Oversight Services then the Committee considers these in the context of General Assembly decision 55/488, whereby “takes note” indicates that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.

It is the understanding of the Committee that observations and recommendations of the IAAC relating to the review of the mandate of the Office of Internal Oversight Services will be “endorsed” and, if modified by the Fifth Committee, this will be “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. As with reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, where the Committee does not agree with a recommendation of the IAAC the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse by using “takes note” of a particular paragraph. This indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to the budget of the Office of Internal Oversight Services, these will be submitted through the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the Committee will decide on these recommendations in the context of the ACABQ’s recommendations on the proposals.

=== Reports of the [[Joint Inspection Unit]] (JIU) === 
; Annual report and programme of work of the JIU
: The Annual Report of the Joint Inspection Unit along with its programme of work for the coming year is presented annually to the General Assembly at the Fifth Committee’s first resumed session (resolution 61/260). The Assembly “takes note (usually with appreciation) of the JIU’s annual report.

; Reports of the JIU
: According to Article 11.4 (d) of the Statute of the JIU, the Secretary-General can present his comments in an addendum to the JIU report, where he will indicate how he intends to address the recommendations. In cases where recommendations of the JIU require policy decisions by the General Assembly these will require action in the relevant resolution to “request the Secretary-General to implement.”

=== Reports of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] (ICSC) ===
When considering the reports of the International Civil Service Commission, the General Assembly “takes note” of the report and of any decisions that are within the competence of the Commission (such as to keep under its review particular questions). Any decisions or recommendations of the ICSC that require action by the General Assembly, for example regarding remuneration or increases to allowances, the General Assembly, if it agrees, will “approve” the ICSC’s recommendations.

=== Reports of the [[United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board]] (UNJSPF) ===
The General Assembly “takes note” of the report of the Pension Board and the information it contains. In the case of proposals or recommendations by the Board that require decision of the Assembly, such as any proposed changes to regulations or provisions of the Pension Fund, the General Assembly will “approve”.

In addition, the Secretary-General prepares a report on the administrative and financial implications of any decisions by the UN Joint Staff Pension Board. This report is considered by the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the General Assembly will therefore also “endorse” the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee (see above).

=== Reports of the [[Committee on Contributions]] (COC) ===
The General Assembly will consider the reports of the Committee on Contributions in its preamblular part i.e. “having considered”. Where there are specific observations or recommendations in the Committee’s report that the General Assembly approves, it will “endorse” the relevant section or paragraph in the report.

=== Reports of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] (CPC) ===
The General Assembly “endorses” the conclusions and recommendations of the Committee for Programme and Coordination contained in each chapter of its report. If the Assembly does not agree with any recommendation or conclusion of the Committee this will be reflected in the resolution (for example further changes to the Strategic Framework – see the Annex to resolution 61/235). Any additional requests or decisions by the Assembly will be contained in the text of the draft resolution.

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions</title>
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    <text bytes="3481" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of sixteen members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the Fifth Committee. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the 

established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)] and the current sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103]. 

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;

In current practice, three members come from the African Group, four from the Asian Group, two from the Eastern European Group, three from the Latin America and the Caribbean Group and four from the Western Europe and Others Group.

== See also ==
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]] [[category: organization]]</text>
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  <title>ACABQ</title>
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  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
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    <text bytes="10334" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter and the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]].

In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to issue an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/a/73/809 A/73/809]) containing proposals to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets.

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Article 19]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11783" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"; and the creation of a special account to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

In the 1970s, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to establish&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt; a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations. Following its consideration of the report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) 3049A (XXVII)] which established a special account—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit. 

In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to issue an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/a/73/809 A/73/809]) containing proposals to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets.

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Article 19]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>f3e3744b2cc40cbe4cc1d3c7eed7d22b70f73945</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <comment>Added reference to resolution resolution 1731 (XVI) which requested the ICJ advisory opinion</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="11889" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations])&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] of 20 December 1961&lt;/ref&gt;; the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"; and the creation of a special account to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

In the 1970s, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to establish&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt; a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations. Following its consideration of the report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) 3049A (XXVII)] which established a special account—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit. 

In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to issue an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/a/73/809 A/73/809]) containing proposals to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets.

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Article 19]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>4ac723d05f0b1882a1dc9965dffb3ffd7f259261</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>310</id>
    <parentid>306</parentid>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11902" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations])&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] of 20 December 1961&lt;/ref&gt;; the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"; and the creation of a special account to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

In the 1970s, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to establish&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt; a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations. Following its consideration of the report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) 3049A (XXVII)] which established a special account—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit. 

In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]).

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Article 19]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>460a69986a77a4ad2e7033e9da8d86e0c0e6fb0b</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>316</id>
    <parentid>310</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-04-25T20:26:58Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* See also */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11954" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations])&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] of 20 December 1961&lt;/ref&gt;; the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"; and the creation of a special account to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

In the 1970s, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to establish&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt; a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations. Following its consideration of the report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) 3049A (XXVII)] which established a special account—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit. 

In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]).

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>8ce9e409702727b994681ac2af2c953439514377</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>320</id>
    <parentid>316</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-05-13T14:13:42Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Reports and presentations */ Added link to statement to 73 2R</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12165" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations])&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] of 20 December 1961&lt;/ref&gt;; the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"; and the creation of a special account to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

In the 1970s, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to establish&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt; a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations. Following its consideration of the report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) 3049A (XXVII)] which established a special account—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit. 

In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]).

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12286" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

In the 1960s, disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted a request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations])&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] of 20 December 1961&lt;/ref&gt;; the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"; and the creation of a special account to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

In the 1970s, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to establish&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt; a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations. Following its consideration of the report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) 3049A (XXVII)] which established a special account—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit. 

In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]).

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="9614" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9828" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus. 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
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    <comment>/* Budget requests for programmatic activities */ Added 2019/20</comment>
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    <text bytes="3135" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping overview report. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <comment>/* Summary table */ Added 2019/20 request from A/73/776</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="5306" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,637,085,700 ||  ||  || 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/33 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5350" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] ||  || 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190416135141|304">
  <title>Peacekeeping financing resolutions</title>
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    <text bytes="15397" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Standard paragraphs ==

=== Preambular ===

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Having considered'' the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of '''MISSION NAME''' and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,
|
| This paragraph references the reports under consideration during the current session. 
|-
| 2
| ''Recalling'' Security Council resolution '''RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING MISSION'''…and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was '''MOST RECENT SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION''', by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission until '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''',
|
| This paragraph references the mandate of the mission as decided by the Security Council.
|-
| 3
| ''Recalling also'' its resolution '''FIRST FINANCING RESOLUTION FOR MISSION''' on the financing of the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution '''MOST RECENT FINANCING RESOLUTION''', 
|
| This paragraph references the previous financing resolutions for the mission approved by the General Assembly.
|-
| 4
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| 5
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Mission, 
| 43th session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/229 resolution 43/229] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions 
|-
| 6
| ''Mindful'' of the fact that it is essential to provide the Mission with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,
| 42nd session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/223 resolution 42/223] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions
|}

=== Operative ===
The tables below provide explanations for standard paragraphs that appear in peacekeeping financing resolutions. The paragraph numbers are for reference only for the purpose of this article and will not necessarily correspond to the actual paragraph numbers in actual resolutions. 

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| 2
| ''Takes note'' of the status of contributions to '''MISSION NAME''' as at '''DATE OF MOST RECENT DATA FROM SECRETARIAT''', including the contributions outstanding in the amount of '''DATA PROVIDED BY SECRETARIAT''', notes with concern that only '''NUMBER''' Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions;
| 44th session
| The first appearance of language urging Member States "to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions" appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/190 44/190] on UNAVEM
|-
| 3
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| 4
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| 5
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session; language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| 6
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/53/SR.68 A/C.5/53/SR.68] and [https://undocs.org/A_53_PV.105 A_53_PV.105]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 7
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 8
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| 9
| ''Endorses'' the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; 
|
| Standard text endorsing ACABQ recommendations except where recommendations are taken note of or otherwise superseded in the text. See [[practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]].
|-
| 10
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing [[cross-cutting resolutions]] adopted since the 59th session
|-
| 11
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| 12
| ''Takes note'' of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Mission for the period from '''PREVIOUS FINANCIAL PERIOD''';
|
| This paragraph references the most recent performance report, if applicable.
|- 
| 13
| Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for '''MISSION NAME''' the amount of '''TOTAL APPROPRIATION''' for the period from '''NEXT FINANCIAL PERIOD''', inclusive of '''APPROVED LEVEL OF MISSION''' for the maintenance of the Mission, '''MISSION SHARE OF SUPPORT ACCOUNT''' for the support account for peacekeeping operations, '''MISSION SHARE OF UNLB''' for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, and '''MISSION SHARE OF RSCE''' for the Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, Uganda;
|
| Member States do not receive separate assessments for the support account, UNLB and RSCE. Instead, these accounts are financed, pro rata, through missions. The total appropriation for each mission includes the actual requirements for the mission plus the mission's share of the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets, as calculated by the Secretariat. Fifth Committee negotiation of an individual mission budget only determines the approved level of that specific mission; the other figures (the total appropriation and the mission share of the the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets) can only be filled in after the Fifth Committee has reached agreement on the level of the support account, UNLB and RSCE.
|-
| 14
| ''Decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from 1 July '''CURRENT YEAR''' to '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| The Secretariat is only authorized to send assessment letters to finance the activities of a mission until the expiration of its current mandate, even though the budget is approved for the full year. The amount in this paragraph is a prorated amount reflecting the portion of the budget falling within the current mandate period. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 15
| ''Also decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''14''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
| 
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 14 corresponding to the TEF, which was established in [https://undocs.org/a/res/973(X) resolution 973 (X)]. The Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee
|-
| 16
| ''Further decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from '''THE DAY AFTER DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''' to 30 June '''NEXT YEAR''' in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''', subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission;
|
| This amount represents the remainder of the budget. The amount in this paragraph, when added to the amount in paragraph 14, should yield the total appropriation in paragraph 13. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 17
| ''Decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''16''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
|
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 16 corresponding to the TEF. As with paragraph 15, the Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee.
|-
| 18
| Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 14 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| For Member States without outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be credited against their assessment for the next financial period.  
|-
| 19
| ''Further decides'' that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 18 above;
| 50th session
| For Member States with outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be used to meet those outstanding obligations. Before the 50th session, no distinction was made between Member States with or without outstanding contributions, and each Member State's share of the unencumbered balance was applied to the assessment for the next financial period. 
|-
| 20
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 21
| ''Invites'' voluntary contributions to the Mission in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly;
|
| A request for voluntary contributions has been included in resolutions at least since the 1970s, including with the financing of UNIFIL in [https://undocs.org/a/res/s-8/2 resolution S-8/2].
|-
| 22
| Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its '''NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION''' the item entitled “Financing of '''MISSION NAME'''”.
|
| Includes this agenda item in the programme for the next session of the General Assembly
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]</text>
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    <text bytes="15397" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Standard paragraphs ==

=== Preambular ===

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Having considered'' the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of '''MISSION NAME''' and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,
|
| This paragraph references the reports under consideration during the current session. 
|-
| 2
| ''Recalling'' Security Council resolution '''RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING MISSION'''…and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was '''MOST RECENT SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION''', by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission until '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''',
|
| This paragraph references the mandate of the mission as decided by the Security Council.
|-
| 3
| ''Recalling also'' its resolution '''FIRST FINANCING RESOLUTION FOR MISSION''' on the financing of the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution '''MOST RECENT FINANCING RESOLUTION''', 
|
| This paragraph references the previous financing resolutions for the mission approved by the General Assembly.
|-
| 4
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| 5
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Mission, 
| 43th session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/229 resolution 43/229] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions 
|-
| 6
| ''Mindful'' of the fact that it is essential to provide the Mission with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,
| 42nd session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/223 resolution 42/223] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions
|}

=== Operative ===
The tables below provide explanations for standard paragraphs that appear in peacekeeping financing resolutions. The paragraph numbers are for reference only for the purpose of this article and will not necessarily correspond to the actual paragraph numbers in actual resolutions. 

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| 2
| ''Takes note'' of the status of contributions to '''MISSION NAME''' as at '''DATE OF MOST RECENT DATA FROM SECRETARIAT''', including the contributions outstanding in the amount of '''DATA PROVIDED BY SECRETARIAT''', notes with concern that only '''NUMBER''' Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions;
| 44th session
| The first appearance of language urging Member States "to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions" appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/190 44/190] on UNAVEM
|-
| 3
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| 4
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| 5
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session; language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| 6
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/53/SR.68 A/C.5/53/SR.68] and [https://undocs.org/A/53/PV.105 A/53/PV.105]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 7
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 8
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| 9
| ''Endorses'' the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; 
|
| Standard text endorsing ACABQ recommendations except where recommendations are taken note of or otherwise superseded in the text. See [[practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]].
|-
| 10
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing [[cross-cutting resolutions]] adopted since the 59th session
|-
| 11
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| 12
| ''Takes note'' of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Mission for the period from '''PREVIOUS FINANCIAL PERIOD''';
|
| This paragraph references the most recent performance report, if applicable.
|- 
| 13
| Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for '''MISSION NAME''' the amount of '''TOTAL APPROPRIATION''' for the period from '''NEXT FINANCIAL PERIOD''', inclusive of '''APPROVED LEVEL OF MISSION''' for the maintenance of the Mission, '''MISSION SHARE OF SUPPORT ACCOUNT''' for the support account for peacekeeping operations, '''MISSION SHARE OF UNLB''' for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, and '''MISSION SHARE OF RSCE''' for the Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, Uganda;
|
| Member States do not receive separate assessments for the support account, UNLB and RSCE. Instead, these accounts are financed, pro rata, through missions. The total appropriation for each mission includes the actual requirements for the mission plus the mission's share of the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets, as calculated by the Secretariat. Fifth Committee negotiation of an individual mission budget only determines the approved level of that specific mission; the other figures (the total appropriation and the mission share of the the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets) can only be filled in after the Fifth Committee has reached agreement on the level of the support account, UNLB and RSCE.
|-
| 14
| ''Decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from 1 July '''CURRENT YEAR''' to '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| The Secretariat is only authorized to send assessment letters to finance the activities of a mission until the expiration of its current mandate, even though the budget is approved for the full year. The amount in this paragraph is a prorated amount reflecting the portion of the budget falling within the current mandate period. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 15
| ''Also decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''14''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
| 
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 14 corresponding to the TEF, which was established in [https://undocs.org/a/res/973(X) resolution 973 (X)]. The Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee
|-
| 16
| ''Further decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from '''THE DAY AFTER DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''' to 30 June '''NEXT YEAR''' in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''', subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission;
|
| This amount represents the remainder of the budget. The amount in this paragraph, when added to the amount in paragraph 14, should yield the total appropriation in paragraph 13. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 17
| ''Decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''16''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
|
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 16 corresponding to the TEF. As with paragraph 15, the Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee.
|-
| 18
| Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 14 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| For Member States without outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be credited against their assessment for the next financial period.  
|-
| 19
| ''Further decides'' that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 18 above;
| 50th session
| For Member States with outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be used to meet those outstanding obligations. Before the 50th session, no distinction was made between Member States with or without outstanding contributions, and each Member State's share of the unencumbered balance was applied to the assessment for the next financial period. 
|-
| 20
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 21
| ''Invites'' voluntary contributions to the Mission in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly;
|
| A request for voluntary contributions has been included in resolutions at least since the 1970s, including with the financing of UNIFIL in [https://undocs.org/a/res/s-8/2 resolution S-8/2].
|-
| 22
| Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its '''NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION''' the item entitled “Financing of '''MISSION NAME'''”.
|
| Includes this agenda item in the programme for the next session of the General Assembly
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]</text>
    <sha1>03f15c426e6b87a4337e94bf0dc475d44f195826</sha1>
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    <id>313</id>
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    <comment>Added background on cross-borrowing</comment>
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    <text bytes="16094" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Standard paragraphs ==

=== Preambular ===

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Having considered'' the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of '''MISSION NAME''' and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,
|
| This paragraph references the reports under consideration during the current session. 
|-
| 2
| ''Recalling'' Security Council resolution '''RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING MISSION'''…and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was '''MOST RECENT SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION''', by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission until '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''',
|
| This paragraph references the mandate of the mission as decided by the Security Council.
|-
| 3
| ''Recalling also'' its resolution '''FIRST FINANCING RESOLUTION FOR MISSION''' on the financing of the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution '''MOST RECENT FINANCING RESOLUTION''', 
|
| This paragraph references the previous financing resolutions for the mission approved by the General Assembly.
|-
| 4
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| 5
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Mission, 
| 43th session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/229 resolution 43/229] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions 
|-
| 6
| ''Mindful'' of the fact that it is essential to provide the Mission with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,
| 42nd session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/223 resolution 42/223] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions
|}

=== Operative ===
The tables below provide explanations for standard paragraphs that appear in peacekeeping financing resolutions. The paragraph numbers are for reference only for the purpose of this article and will not necessarily correspond to the actual paragraph numbers in actual resolutions. 

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| 2
| ''Takes note'' of the status of contributions to '''MISSION NAME''' as at '''DATE OF MOST RECENT DATA FROM SECRETARIAT''', including the contributions outstanding in the amount of '''DATA PROVIDED BY SECRETARIAT''', notes with concern that only '''NUMBER''' Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions;
| 44th session
| The first appearance of language urging Member States "to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions" appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/190 44/190] on UNAVEM
|-
| 3
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| 4
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| 5
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session; language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| 6
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/53/SR.68 A/C.5/53/SR.68] and [https://undocs.org/A/53/PV.105 A/53/PV.105]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 7
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 8
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| 9
| ''Endorses'' the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; 
|
| Standard text endorsing ACABQ recommendations except where recommendations are taken note of or otherwise superseded in the text. See [[practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]].
|-
| 10
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing [[cross-cutting resolutions]] adopted since the 59th session
|-
| 11
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| 12
| ''Takes note'' of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Mission for the period from '''PREVIOUS FINANCIAL PERIOD''';
|
| This paragraph references the most recent performance report, if applicable.
|- 
| 13
| Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for '''MISSION NAME''' the amount of '''TOTAL APPROPRIATION''' for the period from '''NEXT FINANCIAL PERIOD''', inclusive of '''APPROVED LEVEL OF MISSION''' for the maintenance of the Mission, '''MISSION SHARE OF SUPPORT ACCOUNT''' for the support account for peacekeeping operations, '''MISSION SHARE OF UNLB''' for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, and '''MISSION SHARE OF RSCE''' for the Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, Uganda;
|
| Member States do not receive separate assessments for the support account, UNLB and RSCE. Instead, these accounts are financed, pro rata, through missions. The total appropriation for each mission includes the actual requirements for the mission plus the mission's share of the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets, as calculated by the Secretariat. Fifth Committee negotiation of an individual mission budget only determines the approved level of that specific mission; the other figures (the total appropriation and the mission share of the the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets) can only be filled in after the Fifth Committee has reached agreement on the level of the support account, UNLB and RSCE.
|-
| 14
| ''Decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from 1 July '''CURRENT YEAR''' to '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| The Secretariat is only authorized to send assessment letters to finance the activities of a mission until the expiration of its current mandate, even though the budget is approved for the full year. The amount in this paragraph is a prorated amount reflecting the portion of the budget falling within the current mandate period. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 15
| ''Also decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''14''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
| 
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 14 corresponding to the TEF, which was established in [https://undocs.org/a/res/973(X) resolution 973 (X)]. The Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee
|-
| 16
| ''Further decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from '''THE DAY AFTER DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''' to 30 June '''NEXT YEAR''' in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''', subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission;
|
| This amount represents the remainder of the budget. The amount in this paragraph, when added to the amount in paragraph 14, should yield the total appropriation in paragraph 13. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 17
| ''Decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''16''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
|
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 16 corresponding to the TEF. As with paragraph 15, the Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee.
|-
| 18
| Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 14 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| For Member States without outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be credited against their assessment for the next financial period.  
|-
| 19
| ''Further decides'' that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 18 above;
| 50th session
| For Member States with outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be used to meet those outstanding obligations. Before the 50th session, no distinction was made between Member States with or without outstanding contributions, and each Member State's share of the unencumbered balance was applied to the assessment for the next financial period. 
|-
| 20
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid''. Note that prior to the 53rd session, the Secretary-General did temporarily borrow across mission accounts to meet liquidity challenges, as noted in paragraph 5 of [https://undocs.org/A/46/600 A/46/600] ("I was obliged to borrow from the few peace-keeping funds which had cash in excess of their immediate requirements in order to meet both regular budget obligations and the cash requirements of other new peace-keeping operations.") and paragraph 28 of [https://undocs.org/A/50/666 A/50/666] ("In order to continue operating at all, it was necessary, for long periods of time, to borrow cash temporarily available from other missions or fromt he Peace-keeping Reserve Fund").&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21
| ''Invites'' voluntary contributions to the Mission in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly;
|
| A request for voluntary contributions has been included in resolutions at least since the 1970s, including with the financing of UNIFIL in [https://undocs.org/a/res/s-8/2 resolution S-8/2].
|-
| 22
| Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its '''NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION''' the item entitled “Financing of '''MISSION NAME'''”.
|
| Includes this agenda item in the programme for the next session of the General Assembly
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]</text>
    <sha1>ca0b04541f2a97d4c5f3c6030ab6ab2416dcba57</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>328</id>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="16112" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Standard paragraphs ==

=== Preambular ===

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Having considered'' the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of '''MISSION NAME''' and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,
|
| This paragraph references the reports under consideration during the current session. 
|-
| 2
| ''Recalling'' Security Council resolution '''RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING MISSION'''…and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was '''MOST RECENT SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION''', by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission until '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''',
|
| This paragraph references the mandate of the mission as decided by the Security Council.
|-
| 3
| ''Recalling also'' its resolution '''FIRST FINANCING RESOLUTION FOR MISSION''' on the financing of the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution '''MOST RECENT FINANCING RESOLUTION''', 
|
| This paragraph references the previous financing resolutions for the mission approved by the General Assembly.
|-
| 4
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| 5
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Mission, 
| 43th session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/229 resolution 43/229] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions 
|-
| 6
| ''Mindful'' of the fact that it is essential to provide the Mission with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,
| 42nd session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/223 resolution 42/223] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions
|}

=== Operative ===
The tables below provide explanations for standard paragraphs that appear in peacekeeping financing resolutions. The paragraph numbers are for reference only for the purpose of this article and will not necessarily correspond to the actual paragraph numbers in actual resolutions. 

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| 2
| ''Takes note'' of the status of contributions to '''MISSION NAME''' as at '''DATE OF MOST RECENT DATA FROM SECRETARIAT''', including the contributions outstanding in the amount of '''DATA PROVIDED BY SECRETARIAT''', notes with concern that only '''NUMBER''' Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions;
| 44th session
| The first appearance of language urging Member States "to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions" appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/190 44/190] on UNAVEM
|-
| 3
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| 4
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| 5
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session; language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| 6
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/53/SR.68 A/C.5/53/SR.68] and [https://undocs.org/A/53/PV.105 A/53/PV.105]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 7
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 8
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| 9
| ''Endorses'' the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; 
|
| Standard text endorsing ACABQ recommendations except where recommendations are taken note of or otherwise superseded in the text. See [[practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]].
|-
| 10
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing [[cross-cutting resolutions]] adopted since the 59th session
|-
| 11
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| 12
| ''Takes note'' of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Mission for the period from '''PREVIOUS FINANCIAL PERIOD''';
|
| This paragraph references the most recent performance report, if applicable.
|- 
| 13
| Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for '''MISSION NAME''' the amount of '''TOTAL APPROPRIATION''' for the period from '''NEXT FINANCIAL PERIOD''', inclusive of '''APPROVED LEVEL OF MISSION''' for the maintenance of the Mission, '''MISSION SHARE OF SUPPORT ACCOUNT''' for the support account for peacekeeping operations, '''MISSION SHARE OF UNLB''' for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, and '''MISSION SHARE OF RSCE''' for the Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, Uganda;
|
| Member States do not receive separate assessments for the support account, UNLB and RSCE. Instead, these accounts are financed, pro rata, through missions. The total appropriation for each mission includes the actual requirements for the mission plus the mission's share of the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets, as calculated by the Secretariat. Fifth Committee negotiation of an individual mission budget only determines the approved level of that specific mission; the other figures (the total appropriation and the mission share of the the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets) can only be filled in after the Fifth Committee has reached agreement on the level of the support account, UNLB and RSCE.
|-
| 14
| ''Decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from 1 July '''CURRENT YEAR''' to '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| The Secretariat is only authorized to send assessment letters to finance the activities of a mission until the expiration of its current mandate, even though the budget is approved for the full year. The amount in this paragraph is a prorated amount reflecting the portion of the budget falling within the current mandate period. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 15
| ''Also decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''14''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
| 
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 14 corresponding to the TEF, which was established in [https://undocs.org/a/res/973(X) resolution 973 (X)]. The Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee
|-
| 16
| ''Further decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from '''THE DAY AFTER DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''' to 30 June '''NEXT YEAR''' in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''', subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission;
|
| This amount represents the remainder of the budget. The amount in this paragraph, when added to the amount in paragraph 14, should yield the total appropriation in paragraph 13. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 17
| ''Decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''16''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
|
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 16 corresponding to the TEF. As with paragraph 15, the Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee.
|-
| 18
| Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 14 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| For Member States without outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be credited against their assessment for the next financial period.  
|-
| 19
| ''Further decides'' that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 18 above;
| 50th session
| For Member States with outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be used to meet those outstanding obligations. Before the 50th session, no distinction was made between Member States with or without outstanding contributions, and each Member State's share of the unencumbered balance was applied to the assessment for the next financial period. 
|-
| 20
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid''. Note that prior to the 53rd session, the Secretary-General did temporarily borrow across mission accounts to meet liquidity challenges, as noted in paragraph 5 of [https://undocs.org/A/46/600 A/46/600] ("I was obliged to borrow from the few peace-keeping funds which had cash in excess of their immediate requirements in order to meet both regular budget obligations and the cash requirements of other new peace-keeping operations.") and paragraph 28 of [https://undocs.org/A/50/666 A/50/666] ("In order to continue operating at all, it was necessary, for long periods of time, to borrow cash temporarily available from other missions or fromt he Peace-keeping Reserve Fund").&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21
| ''Invites'' voluntary contributions to the Mission in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly;
|
| A request for voluntary contributions has been included in resolutions at least since the 1970s, including with the financing of UNIFIL in [https://undocs.org/a/res/s-8/2 resolution S-8/2].
|-
| 22
| Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its '''NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION''' the item entitled “Financing of '''MISSION NAME'''”.
|
| Includes this agenda item in the programme for the next session of the General Assembly
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190416135141|304">
  <title>Administrative issuance</title>
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    <text bytes="1137" xml:space="preserve">Administrative policies are issued by the Secretary-General through the promulgation of '''administrative issuances''', which can be formally issued either as Secretary-General's bulletins (ST/SGB-series) or as administrative issuances (ST/AI-series). 

The Secretary-General promulgates '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) for various reasons, including to communicate the text of [[regulations and rules]], to communicate decisions on policy and to provide information on the functions and organization of the Secretariat and its constituent entities. 

The Secretary-General promulgates instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules, through '''administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series). &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

An index of all administrative issuances is issued regularly. The most recent edition is [https://undocs.org/st/ic/2019/1 ST/IC/2019/1].

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190416135141|304">
  <title>Peacekeeping scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="7523" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Rates !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/272 73/272] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/350/add.1 A/73/350/Add.1] || 2019-2021 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia afforded exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/PV.65 A/73/PV.65] General Assembly, 73rd session, 65th plenary meeting, Friday 21 December 2018, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1] || 2016-2018 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman afforded exceptional 7.5% discount; Saudi Arabia receives 7.5% discount for 2018 only&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/PV.82 A/70/PV.82] General Assembly, 70th session, 82nd plenary meeting, Wednesday 23 December 2015, 4 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1] || 2013-2015 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman receive exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/PV.62 A/67/PV.62] General Assembly, 67th session, 62nd plenary meeting, Friday 21 December 2012, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1] || 2010-2012 || Level B countries Bahamas and Bahrain exceptionally treated as level C&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/PV.68 A/64/PV.68] General Assembly, 64th session, 68th plenary meeting, Wednesday 23 December 2009, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256] of 23 December 2003|| [https://undocs.org/a/58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/236] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1] || 2001-2003 || New system of discounts established
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Fifth Committee</title>
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    <text bytes="12791" xml:space="preserve">The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat. As one of the six Main Committees, all UN Member States (193, as of this writing), are represented in the Committee, though as a matter of practice most Member States are represented through blocs such as the Group of 77 and China (G77), which consists of over 130 developing countries. 

Since the adoption of [http://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], the Committee has generally taken most decisions by consensus.

== Role ==

As indicated in section VI of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/248 resolution 45/248B], 
&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. &lt;em&gt;Reaffirms&lt;/em&gt; that the Fifth Committee is the appropriate Main Committee of the General Assembly entrusted with responsibilities for administrative and budgetary matters;&lt;br /&gt;
2. &lt;em&gt;Reaffirms also&lt;/em&gt; the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions;&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;em&gt;Expresses its concern&lt;/em&gt; at the tendency of its substantive Committees and other intergovernmental bodies to involve themselves in administrative and budgetary matters;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Rule 153 of the [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/ropga/ General Assembly Rules of Procedure] states:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
No resolution involving expenditure shall be recommended by a committee for approval by the General Assembly unless it is accompanied by an estimate of expenditures prepared by the Secretary-General. No resolution in respect of which expenditures are anticipated by the Secretary-General shall be voted by the General Assembly until the Administrative and Budgetary Committee (Fifth Committee) has had an opportunity of stating the effect of the proposal upon the budget estimates of the United Nations.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Blocs ==

=== Group of 77 and China ===

Developing countries coordinate in the G77 format in intergovernmental bodies responsible for economic and financial issues (such as the Fifth Committee) and in the NAM format on bodies responsible for peace and security issues. The primary difference in membership is that many large Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, are members of the G77 but not the NAM. 

The G77 adopts a common position on nearly all Fifth Committee issues, with two notable exceptions: peacekeeping mission budgets and issues pertaining to the permanent members of the Security Council. On peacekeeping mission budgets, the African Group negotiates as a bloc, while other G77 members negotiate in their national capacity. 

Leadership of the G77 rotates on an annual basis, and the Chair is responsible for coordinating G77 positions as well as delivering common statements of position on behalf of the Group. 

=== Major Financial Contributors ===
Major financial contributors refer to themselves as the "like-minded group" and are referred to as "the partners" by the G77 and China. 

==== European Union ====
The Member States of the European Union generally adopt a common position on Fifth Committee matters. Since the adoption of resolution 65/276 on the participation of the European Union in the work of the United Nations in May 2011, the positions of EU Member States are jointly coordinated by (and its negotiation “burden-sharing” teams are jointly led by) the EU Delegation and the delegation holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 

==== CANZ ====
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand generally adopt a common position and negotiate in a bloc referred to as CANZ.  

==== JUSCANZ ====
The informal JUSCANZ alignment of Japan, the United States, CANZ, and Israel  is sometimes used in the Fifth Committee for coordination purposes.

=== Other delegations active in the Fifth Committee ===
* Norway 
* Switzerland
* Russia 
* Mexico

== Process ==
Below is an explanation of the Fifth Committee negotiation process.
 
=== Website ===

The Fifth Committee website is available at [http://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/ www.un.org/en/ga/fifth] and includes invaluable information, including contact information for the Bureau and Secretariat, the program of work (i.e. schedule of meetings), the text of statements delivered in Committee, and resolutions. 

=== Bureau === 
The Bureau of the Fifth Committee consists of the Chair, three Vice-Chairs, and one Rapporteur elected by the Committee; each of the five regional groups has one representative on the Bureau. The Bureau is responsible for setting the program of work  for the Committee and deciding on issues of process. By convention, the five permanent members of the Security Council never seek election to the office of PGA or to the Chair or Vice-Chair of any of the six Main Committees of the General Assembly.	

=== Secretariat ===
The Secretariat of the Fifth Committee, technically part of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for [[DMSPC|Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]], consists of UN staff members responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the Committee. They are led by the Secretary of the Committee (who also serves as the Secretary of the Committee on Program and Coordination), who supports the Chair of the Committee and who attends Bureau meetings, and include a Deputy Secretary and a number of officers who provide administrative support for negotiations on each of the individual agenda items assigned to the Committee, including activities such as managing the list of speakers, compiling language submissions for draft resolutions and serving as an impartial resource on the rules of procedure and working methods of the Committee.

=== Coordinators === 
Coordinators are Fifth Committee delegates who are responsible for facilitating the negotiations on individual agenda items. In selecting coordinators, the Bureau generally tries to ensure that coordinators for the key issues in each session are balanced between the G77 and like-minded delegations.  

It is extremely rare, but not unprecedented, for permanent members of the Security Council to serve as coordinators. 

=== Organization of Work ===
The Fifth Committee meets three times a year. The main part of its session runs from October through December, the first part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in March, and the second part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in May (though the Committee generally does not complete its work until June). Issues pertaining to the biennial [[programme budget]] (i.e. the “regular budget”), which runs from 1 January of the first year through 31 December of the second, and general management policy issues are generally handled during the main session. Non time-bound management policy issues (and overflow from the main session) are generally tackled during the first resumed session. Issues related to the [[peacekeeping financing|financing of peacekeeping operations]] are handled during the second resumed session, as the peacekeeping financial period runs from 1 July to 30 June. 

The first meeting of any session begins with a formal meeting on the Organization of Work to approve the agenda and provisional program of work. Groups and delegations generally also use this meeting to deliver statements complaining about the late issuance of documents or to identify their priorities for the session. 

=== Negotiation process ===
Negotiations on each draft resolution is based on one or more reports submitted by the Secretary-General and/or a body such as the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the [[Board of Auditors]], the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], the [[International Civil Service Commission]], the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]], the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] or the [[programme budget|Committee on Programme and Coordination]]. The specific practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on these reports is outlined in a [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|separate article]].

Because the Fifth Committee takes decisions by consensus, draft resolutions are generally not sponsored by individual delegations but are submitted on behalf of the Committee by the Chair. The process of negotiating resolutions is outlined below.

; Formal introduction of an agenda item
: Discussion of an agenda item in the Fifth Committee begins with a formal meeting chaired by a member of the Bureau in which a senior UN official—usually from the Department of Management—presents the report of the Secretary-General by providing a brief summary of the report. This is then followed by a presentation of the related report of the ACABQ by either the Chair or Vice-Chair of the ACABQ. Groups and delegations then have an opportunity to make statements for the record on the agenda item. 
: Member States speaking on behalf of groups (e.g. the G77, its constituent regional groups, or CANZ) always speak first, followed by the EU Delegation on behalf of the EU Member States, and then individual delegations in the order they appear on the list of speakers. 
: Formal meetings of all Main Committees are open and webcast on [http://webtv.un.org WebTV]. 

; Q&amp;A
: Following formal introduction of an agenda item, the Committee then meets in informal consultations chaired by the coordinator of the agenda item. The first stage of informal consultations are the Q&amp;A, in which members of the Committee have the opportunity to ask questions of representatives of the Secretariat about the issue at hand. Responses can be requested in writing.
	 
; Skeleton and language submission 
: Once Q&amp;A has been exhausted, the coordinator will circulate what is generally referred to as the “skeleton” or “rev. 0” of the draft resolution, which contains the standard paragraphs required to take a decision on the basis of the ACABQ recommendation (the default course of action). The coordinator will also set a language submission deadline. Delegations have until the deadline to submit additional paragraphs for the draft resolution, after which all of submissions are compiled into the “rev. 1” text. During the first informal consultation following the language submission deadline, each delegation is given an opportunity to present their language submission; this can be as detailed or cursory as the presenting delegate wishes. 	

; First reading 
: Once all language proposals have been submitted and introduced, the Committee undertakes a first reading of the rev. 1 text, going paragraph by paragraph. This is an opportunity for delegations to ask factual or grammatical questions about the language proposals either to the proponent of the language or to the Secretariat. 

; Second reading
: Once the first reading is completed, the Committee then starts again from the top with the second reading. For each paragraph, the coordinator will ask whether the paragraph can be adopted ad referendum. Although it is technically true that all agreements are provisional and that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, it is generally considered a sign of bad faith to re-open a paragraph after it has been adopted ad ref. Any delegations with objections to a paragraph can request that it be “bracketed”, and any delegation can withdraw or amend any paragraph they proposed. At the end of the second reading, delegates generally try to work offline in order to craft amendments or compromise proposals in order to overcome objections. The process then iterates through a third reading (and more, if necessary) until all remaining paragraphs have been agreed. 

; Chair’s text 
: If the Committee is stuck, the coordinator and/or Chair may submit a compromise proposal as an attempt to bridge the gap. 
 
; Adoption
: Once a draft resolution as a whole has been agreed to in informal consultations (i.e. adopted informally), the Chair then formally submits it to the Secretariat on behalf of the Committee. The Secretariat then issues it as an L-document for action by the Committee during a formal session. After the Committee approves the draft resolution, the text is included verbatim in a Report of the Fifth Committee to the General Assembly for adoption by a plenary session of the General Assembly, after which it is assigned a resolution number. 

; No consensus
: If the Committee is unable to reach consensus on an issue, it often defers consideration to a subsequent session. In exceptional circumstances, delegations have tabled draft resolutions as L-documents (or threatened to do so) to force a decision on a deadlocked issue.

== See also ==
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <text bytes="10049" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD);
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st and 72nd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions on this agenda item are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>8e58e511be1ab3160b9f4a970fc42c022bed188d</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>331</id>
    <parentid>321</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-05-30T20:27:13Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10190" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD);
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>456b0f866a07d8acc20ecf5c5e099769946df9f1</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <id>332</id>
    <parentid>331</parentid>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10319" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD);
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions</title>
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    <text bytes="3454" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of sixteen members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the Fifth Committee. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the 

established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)] and the current sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103]. 

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;

In current practice, three members come from the African Group, four from the Asian Group, two from the Eastern European Group, three from the Latin America and the Caribbean Group and four from the Western Europe and Others Group.

== See also ==
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190416135141|304">
  <title>Development system reform</title>
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    <text bytes="3110" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of UN country teams''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A '''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator''' system with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14]
| 
| Implementation of resolution 71/243 on QCPR; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1]
|
| Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2]
|
| Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3]
|
| Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62]
|
| Report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190416135141|304">
  <title>Agenda for Peace</title>
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    <text bytes="2166" xml:space="preserve">'''Agenda for Peace''' was the signature reform initiative of Secretary-General Kofi Annan, launched to better position the United Nations to deliver in the area of peace and security following the end of the Cold War. The associated report is contained in document [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 '''A/47/277–S/24111'''].

== Legislative history == 
The report on Agenda for Peace was issued in response to the request of the Security Council, during a meeting at the level of Heads of State on 31 January 1992, for the Secretary-General "to prepare…his analysis and recommendations on ways of strengthening and making more efficient within the framework and provisions of the Charter the capacity of the United Nations for preventative diplomacy, for peacemaking and for peace-keeping."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/23500 S/23500] Note by the President of the Security Council&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The proposals under Agenda for Peace were closely related to the concurrent effort to [[Restructuring of the Secretariat|restructure the Secretariat]], which, inter alia, established the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]. 

The General Assembly adopted a number of resolutions on Agenda for Peace, including:
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/71 47/71] of 14 December 1992 on the [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] on the basis of reports of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/47/253 A/47/253] and [https://undocs.org/a/47/386 A/47/386]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/120 47/120A] of 18 December 1992 on An Agenda for Peace: preventative diplomacy and related matters
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/120b 47/120B] of 20 September 1993 on An Agenda for Peace

== Documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 A/47/277–S/24111] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping
* [https://undocs.org/a/47/965 A/47/965–S/25944] Implementation of the recommendations contained in "An Agenda for Peace"

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Restructuring of the Secretariat]]

== References ==

[[Category: Reform]]</text>
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  <title>United Nations reform</title>
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    <text bytes="2924" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' and '''[[Restructuring of the Secretariat]]''' (1992) 
: Re-positioned the UN to more effectively address peace and security issues after the Cold War; established the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]].
* '''The [[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* [[Civilian Capacity Review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
: Proposed measures to improve United Nations approaches to peacebuilding
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Support account</title>
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    <text bytes="7892" xml:space="preserve">The '''support account''' for peacekeeping operations finances the post- and non-post resources at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. 

== Financing ==

The requirements for the support account are presented by the Secretary-General and considered by the General Assembly separately from the requirements of peacekeeping missions. However, the support account is financed through the assessments for individual peacekeeping missions rather than through a separate set of dedicated assessments for the support account. This arrangement was approved by the General Assembly in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/50/221B 50/221B] of 7 June 1996.

Each mission's share of the support account is reflected in its individual [[peacekeeping financing resolutions|financing resolution]], and the breakdown of the budget by mission is summarized in a dedicated note submitted to the Fifth Committee each year, which also captures the similar arrangements for the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]. The note for the 2018/19 financial period is contained in [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/24 A/C.5/72/24].

== History ==
The support account for peacekeeping operations was established by the General Assembly in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] as a means of consolidating “overload posts” at Headquarters providing backstopping support to peacekeeping operations which, before 1990, had been funded through the budgets of individual missions. The overall level of the support account was initially pegged at 8.5 per cent of the total civilian personnel requirements within missions and was funded through a dedicated line item in each of the six active missions funded at the time through special accounts.

In 1992, the ACABQ recommended that an annual budget be established for the support account rather than using the standard charge to missions, due in large part to the significant increase in the scale of peacekeeping activity. The resulting proposal of the Secretary-General introduced the concept of “continuing posts”, to be funded from both the regular budget and support account, and “flexible posts”, to be funded from the support account, to meet on-going and temporary requirements, respectively. The ACABQ, however, found that “the Secretary-General’s proposals have not provided a clear delineation of the criteria for which support activities should be funded from the regular budget and which from the support account”.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/48/955 A/48/955], paragraph 21&lt;/ref&gt;  

In 1994, the Secretary-General proposed defining “core functions” as executive direction; policy formulation and guidance; data collection, research and analysis; liaison with Member States and international, regional and non-governmental bodies and coordination within the United Nations system; operational planning; administrative planning; and start-up capacity. These were proposed to be financed through the regular budget. All other requirements related to the number and size of peacekeeping operations would be financed through the support account.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/717 A/49/717], paragraph 14&lt;/ref&gt;

The ACABQ, however, found that criteria proposed by the Secretary-General and their application to be confusing and therefore concluded that “it may no longer be useful to continue to try to compose arbitrary and, in the end, inevitably rigid and artificial criteria for core and non-core posts and activities” and that attempts to consider whether to finance posts on the basis of whether they were core or non core activities would be counter-productive given the conflicting Member State interests associated with the different scales of assessments. Instead, the ACABQ recommended a pragmatic approach in which proposals for variations in the number of posts should be justified on an individual basis.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/904 A/49/904], paragraph 21 and [https://undocs.org/a/50/897 A/50/897], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt; This was the basis on which the General Assembly, in resolution 50/221 B, approved the switch to an annual budget for the support account beginning 1 July 1996. 

By 2006, the ACABQ and Board of Auditors were concerned that the growth in the support account did not appear to have any relation to the overall level of peacekeeping requirements. In particular, the ACABQ was concerned that the support account was being used as “a vehicle to propose the establishment of posts that more properly should be proposed under the regular budget”. 

== Recent legislative history ==

The General Assembly has made a number of requests to the Secretariat related to the use of the support account. 

* Resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/268 60/268] requested the Secretary-General to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the support account, the results of which were presented in [https://undocs.org/a/63/767 A/63/767]
* Resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/287 63/287] requested a re-justification of the totality of posts funded under the support account during the 64th session, which was presented in [https://undocs.org/a/64/697 A/64/697],  [https://undocs.org/a/64/697/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/64/697/add.2 Add.2]
* Resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/265 66/265] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 67/287] encouraged the Secretary-General “to determine what constitutes a core or basic capacity to effectively manage and backstop peacekeeping operations”
* Resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 67/287] emphasized that “there should be a relationship between the level of backstopping capacity provided through the support account and the number, size and complexity of peacekeeping operations”
* Resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/287 70/287] requested the Secretary-General to present a comprehensive review of the support account “to ensure that the support account broadly corresponds to the evolving mandate, number, size and complexity of peacekeeping missions and to the implementation of organizational transformation initiatives”

== Key reports ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/45/493 A/45/493] Support account for peacekeeping operations: report of the Secretary-General (18 September 1990)
* [https://undocs.org/a/45/801 A/45/801] Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the UN peacekeeping operations: report of the ACABQ (28 November 1990)
* [https://undocs.org/a/47/655 A/57/655] Support account for peacekeeping operations: report of the Secretary-General (12 November 1992)
* [https://undocs.org/a/47/757 A/47/747] Support account for peacekeeping operations: report of the ACABQ (7 December 1992)
* [https://undocs.org/a/48/470 A/48/470] [https://undocs.org/a/48/470/add.1 Add.1] and Support account for peacekeeping operations: report of the Secretary-General (22 October 1993 and 27 May 1994)
* [https://undocs.org/a/48/955 A/48/955] Support account for peacekeeping operations: report of the ACABQ (24 June 1994)
* [https://undocs.org/a/49/717 A/49/717] Support account for peacekeeping operations: report of the Secretary-General (28 November 1994)
* [https://undocs.org/a/49/904 A/49/904] Support account for peacekeeping operations: report of the ACABQ (24 May 1995)
* [https://undocs.org/a/50/897 A/50/897] Support account for peacekeeping operations: report of the ACABQ (22 March 1996)
: Discussion of the pro-rated financing scheme for the support account, including letter from the Controller reproduced in Annex II
* [https://undocs.org/a/72/814 A/72/814] Comprehensive review of the support account for peacekeeping operations: report of the Secretary-General (2 April 2018)
: Overview of the history and trends in the support account.

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Peacekeeping start-up or expansion */</comment>
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    <text bytes="5497" xml:space="preserve">'''Commitment authority''' is approval for the Secretary-General to enter into financial commitments of up to a certain amount in absence of an appropriation from the General Assembly. It is usually used as a temporary measure until a full or revised budget can be prepared and an appropriation provided by the General Assembly.

Commitment authority can be with or without assessment, depending on immediate cash requirements.  

== Peacekeeping start-up or expansion ==
The use of commitment authority for peacekeeping missions was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233A resolution 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section IV, and draws upon the $150 million of the '''Peacekeeping Reserve Fund''' established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992. The applicable provisions, which have subsequently been amended&lt;ref&gt;Including by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;, are currently contained in [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations 4.6 through 4.9]]

&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.6.''' If a decision of the Security Council relating to the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations results in the need to meet expenses and capital requirements, the Secretary-General is authorized, with the prior concurrence of the Advisory Committee and subject to regulation 4.8, to enter into commitments not to exceed the balance of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, and not to exceed $100 million per decision of the Security Council. The cumulative total of outstanding commitment authority in respect of the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations is not to exceed the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund at any one time; however, the appropriation by the General Assembly of any outstanding commitments shall automatically restore this commitment authority to the extent of the amount appropriated.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.7.''' Advances made from the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund shall be reimbursed as soon as receipts from contributions are available for those purposes.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.8.''' If a decision of the Security Council results in the need for the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations in an amount exceeding $100 million per decision of the Security Council or exceeding the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, the matter shall be brought to the General Assembly as soon as possible for a decision on commitment authority and assessment.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.9.''' The Secretary-General and the Advisory Committee shall report to the General Assembly on any exercise of a commitment authority given under regulation 4.6, together with the circumstances relating thereto, in the context of the next report submitted to the Assembly on the financing of the relevant peacekeeping operation.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Peacekeeping missions are also able to draw upon up to $50 million from the [[Strategic Deployment Stocks]] to support start-up and expansion, with reimbursement after an appropriation has been received.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Peacekeeping mandate change ==
Since the 2010s, it has become common for the General Assembly to not approve the full budget of a peacekeeping mission that is undergoing a mandate review or where circumstances have changed since a budget was prepared. In these situations, the General Assembly has frequently approved commitment authority (with assessment) for six months until a revised budget is submitted for consideration, generally during the fall, with adoption in December. 

== Political mission start-up or expansion ==
Start-up of special political missions relies on the '''unforeseen and extraordinary expenses''' (UEE) mechanism in the [[regular budget]], which is governed by a separate UEE resolution for each budget period. The UEE resolution for the 2018-2019 biennium is General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/264 72/264] of 24 December 2017.

Resolution 72/264 provides for expedited approval of commitment authority for the start-up or expansion of an SPM with just the concurrence of ACABQ without the requirement of going to the General Assembly if the requirements are below $10 million.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/264 72/264], paragraph 3. UEE also allows the SG to enter into a total of $8 million in commitments without going to ACABQ, but this envelope is generally insufficient for the start-up of new field missions.&lt;/ref&gt; Requirements above $10 million require General Assembly approval. Commitment authority under UEE does not, however, come with assessment. 

While special political missions have access to the Strategic Deployment Stocks, they have to replenish the costs up-front, thus reducing the available commitment authority for other requirements. This is in contrast with the situation in peacekeeping missions, where SDS replenishment is only required after an appropriation is received.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/240 A/66/340] ''Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Strategic deployment stocks</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The '''Strategic Deployment Stocks''' were established in 2002 with the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/292 56/292] of 27 June 2002 to support the rapid de..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="1171" xml:space="preserve">The '''Strategic Deployment Stocks''' were established in 2002 with the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/292 56/292] of 27 June 2002 to support the rapid deployment of a peacekeeping operation by providing equipment for a minimum operational capability. They have also been drawn upon to support the deployment of [[special political missions]].

== Relevant reports ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/56/870 A/56/870] The concept of strategic deployment stocks and its implementation (14 March 2002)
* [https://undocs.org/A/64/633 A/64/633] [[Global Field Support Strategy]] (26 January 2010); see paragraphs 56-58
* [https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340] Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions (12 October 2011); see paragraph 26
* [https://undocs.org/A/71/798 A/71/798] Office of Internal Oversight Services: review and evaluation of strategic deployment stocks (17 February 2017)
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/774 A/73/774] Budget for the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] for 2019/20 (27 February 2019); see Annex III: Review of the concept of operations for strategic deployment stocks 

[[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="15830" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis since 1965. These reports generally relate to the work of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], or C34. 

== List of resolutions ==

The following table lists resolutions titled "Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects". Note that the shorthand "C34" is used in this table to refer to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, even though the Committee was not known as such until after it reached 34 members in the late 1980s. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|- 
| 19 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2006(XIX) 2006(XIX)] || 18 February 1965 || Authorized the establishment of the C34
|-
| 20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2053(XX) 2053(XX)] || 15 December 1965 || Noted C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/5915 A/5915] and [https://undocs.org/A/5915/Add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5916]
|-
| 21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2220(XXI) 2220(XXI)] || 19 December 1966 || Referred C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/6603 A/6603] to the fifth special session of the GA
|-
| S-V || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2249(S-V) 2249(S-V)] || 23 May 1967 || Requested C34 to consider (a) methods of financing future peacekeeping operations and (b) voluntary in-kind contributions to peacekeeping operations
|-
| 22 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2308(XXII) 2308(XXII)] || 13 December 1967 || 
|-
| 23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2451(XXIII) 2451(XXIII)] || 19 December 1968 || Received and examined C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/7131 A/7131] and [https://undocs.org/a/7396 A/7396]
|-
| 24 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2576(XXIV) 2576(XXIV)] || 15 December 1969 || Received and examined C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/7742 A/7742]
|-
| 25 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2670(XXV) 2670(XXV)] || 8 December 1970 || Took note of C34 [https://undocs.org/A/8081 A/8081]
|-
| 26 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2835(XXVI) 2835(XXVI)] || 18 December 1971 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/8550 A/8550]
|-
| 27 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2965(XXVII) 2965(XXVII)] || 13 December 1972 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/8888 A/8888]
|-
| 28 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3091(XXVIII) 3091(XXVIII)] || 7 December 1973 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9236 A/9236]
|-
| 29 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3239(XXIX) 3239(XXIX)] || 29 November 1974 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9827 A/9827]
|-
| 30 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3457(XXX) 3457(XXX)] || 10 December 1975 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/10366 A/10366]
|-
| 31 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/31/105 31/105] || 15 December 1976 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/31/337 A/31/337]
|-
| 32 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/32/106 32/106] || 15 December 1977 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/32/394 A/32/394]
|-
| 33 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/33/114 33/114] || 18 December 1978 || No substantive C34 report; &lt;br /&gt;Invited Member States to submit information about national peacekeeping training programmes and standby capacities to the C34
|-
| 34 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/53 34/53] || 23 November 1979 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/34/592 A/34/592]
|-
| 35 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/35/121 35/121] || 11 December 1980 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/35/532 A/35/532]
|-
| 36 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/36/37 36/37] || 18 November 1981 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/36/469 A/36/469]
|-
| 37 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/37/93 37/93] || 10 December 1982 || No C34 report
|-
| 38 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/38/81 38/81] || 15 December 1983 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/38/381 A/38/381]; &lt;br /&gt;Expressed conviction that peacekeeping operations are an essential function of the UN, though not a substitute for the peaceful settlement of disputes and therefore of a temporary nature
|-
| 39 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/39/97 39/97] || 14 December 1984 || No C34 report
|-
| 40 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/40/163 40/163] || 16 December 1985 || No C34 report
|-
| 41 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/41/67 41/67] || 3 December 1986 || No C34 report
|-
| 42 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/161 42/161] || 8 December 1987 || No C34 report
|-
| 43 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/59 43/59] || 6 December 1988 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/43/566 A/43/566]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved request of the PRC to join the C34, bringing membership to 34
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/49 44/49] || 8 December 1989 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/44/301 A/44/301]; &lt;br /&gt;Encouraged Member States to establish national peacekeeping training programmes and the Secretariat to prepare training materials; &lt;br /&gt;Urged host countries to conclude [[status of forces agreement|status of forces agreements]] and requested Secretariat to prepare a model SOFA; &lt;br /&gt;Decided to allow participation of observers in the C34
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/75 45/75] || 11 December 1990 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/45/330 A/45/330]; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that the composition of UN peacekeeping operations should be on a wide geographical basis, while the composition of each operation would be consistent with particular requirements thereof
|-
| 46 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/48 46/48] || 9 December 1991 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/46/254 A/46/254]; &lt;br /&gt; Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/45/502 A/45/502] on use of civilian personnel in peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/46/169 A/46/169] and [https://undocs.org/a/46/169/add.1 Add.1] on Secretariat units dealing with peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Considered it important to study financial questions seriously, particularly at the planning stage, to ensure the most cost-effective and efficient conduct of operations and strict control of expenditures; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of possibility of holding inter-sessional open-ended informal consultations to have an exchange of views and to receive briefings from the Secretariat; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized that peacekeeping operations are an evolving concept calling for increased attention and ongoing evaluation by Member States
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/71 47/71] || 14 December 1992 || Took note of C34 reports [https://undocs.org/a/47/253 A/47/253] and [https://undocs.org/a/47/386 A/47/386] (Special report on An Agenda for Peace); &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need for the UN to be given resources commensurate with its growing responsibilities in peacekeeping, particularly with reference to resources needed for start-up phases; &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need to delegated increased financial and administrative authority to FCs and SRSGs to increase missions' capacity to adjust to new situations and specific requirements; &lt;br /&gt;Encourages consideration of the establishment of a [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund|reserve fund]] to improve start-up financing of peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Acknowledged the competence of the General Assembly for appropriation and apportionment, and the importance of the Security Council being informed of cost implications; &lt;br /&gt;Emphasized importance of making a clear distinction between peacekeeping operations and assistance from the specialized agencies and departments of the UN not an integral part of the operation; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the creation of [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the decision to appoint a Senior Police Adviser; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of report [https://undocs.org/a/47/604 A/47/604] on the feasibility of establishing an annual peacekeeping fellowship programme for national peacekeeping trainers; &lt;br /&gt;Invited the SG to review, with a view to streamlining procedures and enhancing effectiveness, the applicable financial and administrative regulations concerning peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 A/47/277] of the Secretary-General on strengthening the capacity of the UN for preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping ([[An Agenda for Peace]])
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/42 48/42] || 10 December 1993 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/48/173 A/48/173]; &lt;br /&gt;Noted with appreciation establishment of a stand-by forces planning team; &lt;br /&gt;Requested Secretariat to develop guidelines concerning the disposition of UN equipment upon termination of a peacekeeping operation; &lt;br /&gt;Noted report [https://undocs.org/a/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/503/add.1 Add.1] on improving the [[financial situation of the United Nations]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of the transfer of the [[Department of Field Support|Field Operations Division]] from the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]] to [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment in DPKO of a 24/7 situation centre; &lt;br /&gt;Noted the importance of concluding [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] between the UN and troop contributors before deployment; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of a focal point for peacekeeping training in DPKO; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized importance of public information and called for significant enhancement of the rpess and public information function for peacekeeping missions; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that any State in whose territory a UN peacekeeping operation is conducted should act promptly to deter and prosecute those responsible for attacks and other acts of violence against UN personnel; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/48/349 A/48/349] on measures and proposals to ensure and enhance security of UN operations
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/49/37 49/37] || 9 December 1994 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/49/136 A/49/136]; &lt;br /&gt;Confirmed that a peacekeeping operation should be under the operational control of the UN and that the appropriate channel for raising national concerns is through Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of proposals of the Secretary-General on rationalization of the budgetary process [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/403 A/48/403] and on planning, budgeting and administration of peacekeeping operations [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed creation of Policy and Analysis Unit and Planning Division within DPKO;&lt;br /&gt;Welcomed adoption of the Convention on the Safety of UN and Associated Personnel (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/49/59 resolution 49/59])
|-
| 50 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/50/30 50/30] || 6 December 1995 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/50/230 A/50/230]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/RES/51/136 51/136] || 13 December 1996 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/51/130 A/51/130] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/130/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Expanded membership of the C34 to past and present personnel contributors and observers during the 1996 session; &lt;br /&gt;Decided that membership should be open to Member States who become personnel contributors or who participate as observers for three years
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/69 52/69] || 10 December 1997 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/52/209 A/52/209]
|-
| 53 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/53/58 53/58] || 3 December 1998 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81 54/81A] || 6 December 1999 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81B 54/81B] || 25 May 2000 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839]
|-
| 55 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/135 55/135] || 8 December 2000 || ''Note: The C34 convened in an extraordinary session to consider the [[Brahimi report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225 56/225A] || 24 December 2001 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/corr.1 Corr.1] 
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/241 56/241] || 24 December 2001 || ''Note: This was a [[Fifth Committee]] resolution related to resource requirements associated with implementation of the recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]].''&lt;br /&gt;Took note of the statement of financial implications of draft resolution [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/L.23 A/C.4/55/L.23] ([https://undocs.org/a/res/56/225 56/225A]) [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46 A/C.5/55/46], [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/add.1 Add.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved an additional 7 posts in the regular budget and 121 posts under the support account
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225B 56/225B] || 22 May 2002 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57/336 57/336] || 18 June 2003 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767]
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/58/315 58/315] || 1 July 2004 || ''Note: this was the first year that the C-34 report was issued under the reserved document number '19'.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(supp) A/58/19]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/281 59/281] || 29 March 2005 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/300 59/300] || 22 June 2005 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 4-8 April to consider the [[Zeid report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of the C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/263 60/263] || 6 June 2006 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/289 60/289] || 8 September 2006 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 26-27 June to consider the [[sexual exploitation and abuse|victims assistance strategy]] and model [[memorandum of understanding]].''&lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267 61/267] || 16 May 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a second resumed session in 2006 on 18 December.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/291 61/291] || 24 July 2007 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267B 61/267B] || 24 July 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session on 11 June 2007 to consider the revised draft model [[memorandum of understanding]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part III]
|-
| 62 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/273 62/273] || 11 September 2008 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) A/62/19]
|-
| 63 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/280 63/280] || 8 May 2009 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(supp) A/63/19]
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/266 64/266] || 21 May 2010 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]
* [[Special political missions#Comprehensive_review_of_special_political_missions|Comprehensive review of special political missions]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions|Cross-cutting issues]] ([[Fifth Committee]] resolution)

== References ==

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Social media</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''Social media''' creates dynamic new opportunities for United Nations communicators, enabling direct and real-time interactivity with UN audiences. The Secretariat has polic..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="488" xml:space="preserve">'''Social media''' creates dynamic new opportunities for United Nations communicators, enabling direct and real-time interactivity with UN audiences. The Secretariat has policies and guidelines for the use of social media in different contexts.

== Documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/5 ST/SGB/2019/5] Institutional use of social media (21 May 2019)
* Guidelines for the personal use of social media (February 2019)
* DPI social media guidelines (June 2011)

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="576" xml:space="preserve">'''Social media''' creates dynamic new opportunities for United Nations communicators, enabling direct and real-time interactivity with UN audiences. The Secretariat has policies and guidelines for the use of social media in different contexts.

== Documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/5 ST/SGB/2019/5] Institutional use of social media (21 May 2019)
* [https://www.un.org/fr/ethics/pdf/UN_Personal_Use_Social_Media_Guidelines_Feb_2019.pdf Guidelines for the personal use of social media] (February 2019)
* DPI social media guidelines (June 2011)

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>XC</title>
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  <title>Integration</title>
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  <title>Categories of personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="11886" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either tasks that are of a more analytical or conceptual nature or tasks that are in general procedural, operational and technical&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4 Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations
common system &lt;/ref&gt;. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Descriptions of the various categories are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the Noblemaire principle). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the Flemming principle) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== Seconded military and police personnel ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Committee for Programme and Coordination</title>
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    <text bytes="2373" xml:space="preserve">The '''Committee for Programme and Coordination''' ('''CPC''') is an intergovernmental body reporting to both the General Assembly and ECOSOC. Under the [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning|Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget]], the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation (PPBME), the CPC is responsible for reviewing the programmatic aspects of the strategic framework and [[programme budget|programme budgets]] and for considering the results of evaluation reports. The conclusions and recommendations of the CPC are contained in its annual report, which is taken into consideration by the General Assembly in its consideration of the programme budget. 

== Mandate ==
The CPC was established by ECOSOC in resolution [https://undocs.org/E/RES/920(XXXIV) 920(XXXIV)] of 3 August 1962 as the Special Committee on Co-ordination. It was re-named the CPC in 1966, in ECOSOC resolution [https://undocs.org/1171(XLI) 1171(XLI)]. The terms of reference of the CPC were approved in 1976 by both ECOSOC, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2008(LX) 2008(LX)], and the General Assembly, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/31/93 31/93]; the text of the terms of reference are contained in an annex to ECOSOC resolution 2008(LX).

As per General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 5 July 2018 which approved annualization of the programme budget on a pilot basis, the CPC is responsible for reviewing Part I (the plan outline) and Part II (the programme plan) of the annual budget while Part III (post and non-post requirements) are submitted through the [[ACABQ]]. 

== Membership ==
The CPC consists of 34 members: 9 from the African Group, 7 from the Asia Pacific Group, 7 from GRULAC, 7 from WEOG and 4 from Eastern Europe.

== Working methods ==
The CPC takes decisions by consensus. &lt;ref&gt;The General Assembly, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 41/213], agreed that "the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination should continue its existing practice of reaching decisions by consensus; explanatory views, if any, shall be presented to the General Assembly"&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/cpc/index.shtml Website of the Committee for Programme and Coordination]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2462" xml:space="preserve">The '''Committee for Programme and Coordination''' ('''CPC''') is an intergovernmental body reporting to both the General Assembly and ECOSOC. Under the [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning|Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget]], the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation (PPBME), the CPC is responsible for reviewing the programmatic aspects of the strategic framework and [[programme budget|programme budgets]] and for considering the results of evaluation reports. The conclusions and recommendations of the CPC are contained in its annual report, which is taken into consideration by the General Assembly in its consideration of the programme budget. 

== Mandate ==
The CPC was established by ECOSOC in resolution [https://undocs.org/E/RES/920(XXXIV) 920(XXXIV)] of 3 August 1962 as the Special Committee on Co-ordination. It was re-named the CPC in 1966, in ECOSOC resolution [https://undocs.org/1171(XLI) 1171(XLI)]. The terms of reference of the CPC were approved in 1976 by both ECOSOC, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2008(LX) 2008(LX)], and the General Assembly, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/31/93 31/93]; the text of the terms of reference are contained in an annex to ECOSOC resolution 2008(LX).

As per General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 5 July 2018 which approved annualization of the programme budget on a pilot basis, the CPC is responsible for reviewing Part I (the plan outline) and Part II (the programme plan) of the annual budget while Part III (post and non-post requirements) are submitted through the [[ACABQ]]. 

== Membership ==
Since 1988, the CPC has consisted of 34 members: 9 from the African Group, 7 from the Asia Pacific Group, 7 from GRULAC, 7 from WEOG and 4 from Eastern Europe.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly decision [https://undocs.org/A/42/49 42/450]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Working methods ==
The CPC takes decisions by consensus. &lt;ref&gt;The General Assembly, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 41/213], agreed that "the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination should continue its existing practice of reaching decisions by consensus; explanatory views, if any, shall be presented to the General Assembly"&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/cpc/index.shtml Website of the Committee for Programme and Coordination]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2675" xml:space="preserve">The '''Committee for Programme and Coordination''' ('''CPC''') is an intergovernmental body reporting to both the General Assembly and ECOSOC. Under the [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning|Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget]], the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation (PPBME), the CPC is responsible for reviewing the programmatic aspects of the strategic framework and [[programme budget|programme budgets]] and for considering the results of evaluation reports. The conclusions and recommendations of the CPC are contained in its annual report, which is taken into consideration by the General Assembly in its consideration of the programme budget. 

== Mandate ==
The CPC was established by ECOSOC in resolution [https://undocs.org/E/RES/920(XXXIV) 920(XXXIV)] of 3 August 1962 as the Special Committee on Co-ordination. It was re-named the CPC in 1966, in ECOSOC resolution [https://undocs.org/1171(XLI) 1171(XLI)]. The terms of reference of the CPC were approved in 1976 by both ECOSOC, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2008(LX) 2008(LX)], and the General Assembly, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/31/93 31/93]; the text of the terms of reference are contained in an annex to ECOSOC resolution 2008(LX).

As per General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 5 July 2018 which approved annualization of the programme budget on a pilot basis, the CPC is responsible for reviewing Part I (the plan outline) and Part II (the programme plan) of the annual budget while Part III (post and non-post requirements) are submitted through the [[ACABQ]]. 

== Membership ==
Since 1988, the CPC has consisted of 34 members: 9 from the African Group, 7 from the Asia Pacific Group, 7 from GRULAC, 7 from WEOG and 4 from Eastern Europe.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly decision [https://undocs.org/A/42/49 42/450]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Working methods ==
The CPC meets each year for four weeks in June to produce a report (with the [[document symbol|reserved number]] 16) which is considered in the fall by the [[Fifth Committee]] during the main part of its session.

The CPC takes decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;The General Assembly, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 41/213], agreed that "the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination should continue its existing practice of reaching decisions by consensus; explanatory views, if any, shall be presented to the General Assembly"&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/cpc/index.shtml Website of the Committee for Programme and Coordination]

== References ==

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  <title>Document symbol</title>
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    <text bytes="7893" xml:space="preserve">The '''document symbol''' is the unique identifier assigned to every official United Nations document. It identifies the organ associated with the document as well as the type of document.

== Syntax ==
Each document symbol has a number of components, separated by forward slashes (/). The first component identifies the associated organ, as such:
* '''A''':	General Assembly
* '''S''':	Security Council
* '''E''':	Economic and Social Council
* '''ST''':	Secretariat

The final component of the document symbol can be one or more of the following modifiers:
* Addendum
*: '''/Add.'''(number)
* Amendment: Alteration by decision of a competent authority, of a portion of an adopted formal text
*: '''/Amend.'''(number)	
* Corrigendum 
*: '''/Corr.'''(number)
* Revision (replacing texts previously issued)
*: '''/Rev.'''(number)
* Reissuance of a document for technical reasons
*: '''*'''	

=== General Assembly documents ===

* Report
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''A/RES/'''(session)'''/'''(resolution number)&lt;ref&gt;Before 1976, resolution numbers were not reset each session, and the symbol followed the following syntax: '''A/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(session number in roman numerals)''')'''&lt;/ref&gt;
* Proposal
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Official record
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/PV.'''(meeting number)

* Committee document
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Committee proposal
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Committee summary record
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/SR.'''(meeting number)

* Subsidiary body document
*: '''A/AC.'''(subsidiary body number)'''/'''(year)'''/'''(document number)&lt;ref&gt;For a list of subsidiary bodies and their numbers, see [https://undocs.org/ST/LIB/SER.B/5/Rev.5]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== General Assembly documents with standardized symbols ====
Some General Assembly documents are issued regularly with the same number, in the format '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number). These are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number   !! Report !! In use !! Notes
|-
| 1	|| Report of the Secretary-General of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 2 	|| Report of the Security Council || Yes ||
|-
| 3 	|| Report of the Economic and Social Council || Yes ||
|-
| 4 	|| Report of the International Court of Justice || Yes ||
|-
| 5 	|| Report of the [[Board of Auditors]] || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 6 	|| Proposed programme budget || Yes || Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 7 	|| Report of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] || Yes ||	Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 8	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || Yes || UN Habitat
|-
| 9	|| Report of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board || Yes ||
|-
| 10	|| Report of the International Law Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 11	|| Report of the Committee on Contributions || Yes ||
|-
| 12	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || Yes ||
|-
| 13	|| Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || Yes || UNRWA
|-
| 14	||  || No ||
|-
| 15	||  || No ||
|-
| 16	|| Report of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] || Yes ||
|-
| 17	|| Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law || Yes ||
|-
| 18	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination || Yes ||
|-
| 19	|| Report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] || Yes || a.k.a. C34
|-
| 20	|| Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space || Yes ||
|-
| 21	|| Report of the Committee on Information || Yes ||
|-
| 23	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples || Yes || a.k.a C24
|-
| 24	|| Report of the United Nations Council for Namibia || No || Body defunct
|-
| 25	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme || No ||	Document now issued under UNEP symbol
|-
| 26	|| Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country || Yes ||
|-
| 27	|| Report of the Conference on Disarmament || Yes ||
|-
| 28	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference || No || Body defunct
|-
| 29	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean || Yes ||
|-
| 30	|| Report of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] || Yes ||
|-
| 32	|| Report of the Committee on Conferences || Yes ||
|-
| 33	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and the Strengthening of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 34	|| Report of the Joint Inspection Unit || Yes ||
|-
| 35	|| Report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People || Yes ||
|-
| 36	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || Yes ||
|-
| 37	|| Report of the Intergovernmental Committee on Science and Technology for Development || No || body defunct
|-
| 38	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women || Yes ||
|-
| 39	|| Report of the High-level Committee on the Review of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries || No || Later reports issued under TCDC symbol
|-
| 40	|| Report of the Human Rights Committee || Yes ||
|-
| 41	|| Report of the Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Principle of Non-Use of Force in International Relations || No || Body defunct
|-
| 42	|| Report of the Disarmament Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 43	||  ||  ||
|-
| 44	|| Report of the Committee against Torture || Yes ||
|-
| 45	||  ||  ||
|-
| 46	|| Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation || Yes ||
|-
| 47	||  ||  ||
|-
| 48	|| Report of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers And their Familes || Yes ||
|-
| 49	|| Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the General Assembly || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 50	|| Preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda  || Yes ||
|-
| 51	||  ||  ||
|-
| 52	||  ||  ||
|-
| 53	|| Report of the Human Rights Council || Yes ||
|-
| 54	||  ||  ||
|-
| 55	|| Report of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities || Yes ||
|-
| 56	|| Report of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances || Yes ||
|-
| 100	|| Annotated preliminary lists of items to be included in the provisional agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 150	|| Provisional agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 200	|| List of supplementary items proposed for inclusion in the agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 250	|| Organization of the ### regular session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 300	|| Notification by the Secretary-General under Article 12, paragraph 2, of the Charter || Yes ||
|}

=== Security Council documents ===
* Document
*: '''S/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''S/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(year)''')'''
* Presidential statement
*: '''S/PRST/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Meeting records
*: '''S/PV.'''(meeting number)

=== Secretariat documents ===
* [[Administrative issuances|Secretary-General's Bulletin]]
*: '''ST/SGB/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances|Administrative instruction]]
*: '''ST/IC/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Information circular
*: '''ST/IC/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Assessment of Member States
*: '''ST/ADM/SER.B/'''(number)

== Accessing documents ==
Official documents can be located through the Official Document System (ODS) website: [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org]. 

If you know the document symbol of the official document you are looking for, you can access it directly from [https://undocs.org undocs.org]/(document symbol)

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Report</title>
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  <title>Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning</title>
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    <text bytes="1193" xml:space="preserve">'''The Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation''' are generally referred to by the acronym "'''PPBME'''" because the full title is such a mouthful. The current version of the PPBME is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016).

As with all regulations, the PPBME regulations can only be issued or amended by decision of the General Assembly. With regards to the PPBME rules, under General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/207 53/207] of 18 December 1998, the Secretary-General is instructed to "bring them to the attention of the General Assembly through the Committee before promulgation" &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/207 53/207], section III paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/8 ST/SGB/2000/8] (issued 19 April 2000)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987) ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1] (issued March 1987)

== See also ==
* [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]]
* [[Regulations and rules]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Personnel reimbursement</title>
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    <text bytes="4678" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations provides '''personnel reimbursement''' for the troop- and police-contributing countries on account of the military and police contingents deployed to United Nations peace operations. 

Since 1 July 2018, the reimbursement rate has been 1,428 United States dollars per person per month.&lt;ref&gt;Resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Principles of reimbursement ==
In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] of 14 June 2001, the General Assembly established the following elements and guidelines for the reimbursement system:
:(a) [[categories of personnel|Troops, formed civilian police units and staff officers]] serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations shall be reimbursed on an equal basis for identical services;
:(b) Reimbursement for troop costs shall take into consideration, inter alia, general principles such as simplicity, equity, transparency, comprehensiveness, portability, financial control and audit and confirmed delivery of specified services, all ow which shall be built into the [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] entered into by the United Nations with the participating States;
:(c) The data for this survey shall identify the common and essential additional costs from existing troop levels related to personnel that are incurred by troop-contributing countries due to their participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations…;
:(d) The methodology shall ensure that no double payment is made with respect to reimbursement between the various levels of [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]], components of troop costs and any other allowances;

The current reimbursement system has been in place since 1 July 2013, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013, which endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the '''Senior Advisory Group''' established pursuant to General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/10 A/C.5/67/10] Report of the Senior Advisory Group on rates of reimbursement to troop-contributing countries and other related issues &lt;/ref&gt;  

== Reimbursement rates ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Date !! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Effective date !! Base rate !! Supp. !! Kit !! Weap. !! Notes
|-
| 29/xxx || 29 November 1974 ||  ||  || 25 October 1973 || 500 || 150 ||  ||  || See A/PV.2303, para 128.
|-
| 30/xxx || 15 December 1975 ||  ||  || 15 December 1975 || 500 || 150 || 65 || 5 || Approved usage factor
|-
| 32/416 || 2 December 1977 || A/32/339 || || 25 October 1977 || 680 || 200 || 65 || 5 ||  	
|-
| 35/44 || 1 December 1980 || A/C.5/35/38 || A/35/653 || 1 December 1980 || 950 || 280 || 65 || 5	 || 
|-
| 40/247 || 18 December 1985 || A/40/845 || A/40/xxx	 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
| 42/224 || 21 December 1987 || A/42/374 || A/42/791 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
|  	 ||  || A/44/500 || A/44/725 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Overview of rates
|-
| 45/258 || 3 May 1991 || A/45/582 || A/45/801 || 1 July 1991 || 988 || 291 || 65 || 5 || 	
|-
| 51/218E || 17 June 1997 || A/48/912 || A/50/1012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Req for new survey
|-
| 55/229 || 23 December 2000 || A/54/763 || A/54/859 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Req to post-Phase V Working Group
|-
| 55/274 || 14 June 2001 || A/55/815 || A/55/887 || 1 July 2001 || 1,008 || 297 || 66 || 5 || Rates in A/C.5/55/47
|-
| 55/274 ||  ||  ||  || 1 Jan 2002 || 1,028 || 303 || 68 || 5	 || 
|-
| 62/252 || 20 June 2008 || A/60/725 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for updated methodology
|-
| 63/285 || 30 June 2009 || A/63/697 || A/63/746	 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved new survey
|-
| 65/289 || 30 June 2011 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Established SAG, approved supp payment of $85 mil
|-
| 66/264 || 21 June 2012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved supp payment of $60 mil
|-
| 67/261 || 10 May 2013 || A/67/713, A/67/956 || A/67/749 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved recs of SAG A/C.5/67/10, inc. 6.75% supp payment
|-
| 68/281 || 30 June 2014 || A/68/813 || A/68/859 || 1 July 2014 || 1,332 ||  ||  ||  || First survey under new methodology
|-
| 68/281 ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2016 || 1,365 ||  ||  ||  ||  	
|-
| 68/281 ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2017 || 1,410 ||  ||  ||  || 	
|-
| 72/285 || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/728 A/72/728] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/771 A/72/771] || 1 July 2018 || 1,428 ||  ||  ||  || Second survey under new methodology
|}

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="8055" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations provides '''personnel reimbursement''' for the troop- and police-contributing countries on account of the military and police contingents deployed to United Nations peace operations. 

Since 1 July 2018, the reimbursement rate has been 1,428 United States dollars per person per month.&lt;ref&gt;Resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Principles of reimbursement ==
In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] of 14 June 2001, the General Assembly established the following elements and guidelines for the reimbursement system:
:(a) [[categories of personnel|Troops, formed civilian police units and staff officers]] serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations shall be reimbursed on an equal basis for identical services;
:(b) Reimbursement for troop costs shall take into consideration, inter alia, general principles such as simplicity, equity, transparency, comprehensiveness, portability, financial control and audit and confirmed delivery of specified services, all ow which shall be built into the [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] entered into by the United Nations with the participating States;
:(c) The data for this survey shall identify the common and essential additional costs from existing troop levels related to personnel that are incurred by troop-contributing countries due to their participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations…;
:(d) The methodology shall ensure that no double payment is made with respect to reimbursement between the various levels of [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]], components of troop costs and any other allowances;

== Current structure of reimbursement ==

The current reimbursement system has been in place since 1 July 2013, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013, which endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the '''Senior Advisory Group''' established pursuant to General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/10 A/C.5/67/10] Report of the Senior Advisory Group on rates of reimbursement to troop-contributing countries and other related issues &lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Survey ===
The reimbursement rate is based on a quadrennial survey of a representative sample of troop- and police-contributing countries. The "common and essential additional costs" covered in the survey are (1) allowances; (2) clothing, gear and equipment; (3) pre-deployment medical expenses; and (4) inland travel.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 67&lt;/ref&gt; The sample consists of 10 of the top 20 contributors over the prior three-year period. These countries should be drawn from the four World Bank income categories (high, high-medium, low-medium and low) in proportion to the total number of troops and members of formed police units deployed from each of these income categories.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 62-63&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Deduction for absent or non-functioning equipment ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly endorsed the SAG recommendation that, "to the extent that major equipment specified in relevant [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]] is absent or non-functional, thereby affecting the ability of a contingent to perform the responsibilities required of it, the rate of reimbursement to the troop- or police-contributing countries be reduced proportionally". However, it also introduced a number of caveats, as follows:

:(a) No deduction will be applied until after two consecutive unsatisfactory quarterly contingent-owned equipment verification reports…;
:(b) No deduction will be made for major equipment that is absent or non-functional for reasons deemed by the Secretariat to be beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country; 
:(c) No deduction will be made related to absent or non-functional vehicles unless over 10 per cent of the vehicles specified in relevant memorandums of understanding are absent or non-functional;
:(d) Deduction on account of absent or non-functional contingent-owned equipment shall not exceed 35 per cent of reimbursements for any unit in any case; 

=== Risk premium ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly also endorsed the SAG recommendation "to award bonuses to individual units that are operating without restrictions and caveats imposed by troop- and police-contributing countries
and that have acquitted themselves well despite exceptional levels of risk. The annual aggregate amount of such awards would be no greater than an amount equal to a 10 per cent premium paid to 10 per cent of the average
number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year. Those awards would be paid at the conclusion of service directly to the relevant individual contingent members."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 111-113&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Enabling capabilities premium ===
The General Assembly also introduced a premium to be paid to incentivize the deployment of key enabling capabilities in high demand and short supply. As recommended by the SAG, "The Secretary-General would decide from time to
time and mission by mission which enabling capacities, if any, would qualify and the size of the premium in each case. The annual aggregate amount of such premiums would be no greater than an amount equal to a 15 per cent premium paid to 20 per cent of the average number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 114&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reimbursement rates ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Date !! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Effective date !! Base rate !! Supp. !! Kit !! Weap. !! Notes
|-
| 29/xxx || 29 November 1974 ||  ||  || 25 October 1973 || 500 || 150 ||  ||  || See A/PV.2303, para 128.
|-
| 30/xxx || 15 December 1975 ||  ||  || 15 December 1975 || 500 || 150 || 65 || 5 || Approved usage factor
|-
| 32/416 || 2 December 1977 || A/32/339 || || 25 October 1977 || 680 || 200 || 65 || 5 ||  	
|-
| 35/44 || 1 December 1980 || A/C.5/35/38 || A/35/653 || 1 December 1980 || 950 || 280 || 65 || 5	 || 
|-
| 40/247 || 18 December 1985 || A/40/845 || A/40/xxx	 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
| 42/224 || 21 December 1987 || A/42/374 || A/42/791 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
|  	 ||  || A/44/500 || A/44/725 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Overview of rates
|-
| 45/258 || 3 May 1991 || A/45/582 || A/45/801 || 1 July 1991 || 988 || 291 || 65 || 5 || 	
|-
| 51/218E || 17 June 1997 || A/48/912 || A/50/1012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Req for new survey
|-
| 55/229 || 23 December 2000 || A/54/763 || A/54/859 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Req to post-Phase V Working Group
|-
| 55/274 || 14 June 2001 || A/55/815 || A/55/887 || 1 July 2001 || 1,008 || 297 || 66 || 5 || Rates in A/C.5/55/47
|-
| 55/274 ||  ||  ||  || 1 Jan 2002 || 1,028 || 303 || 68 || 5	 || 
|-
| 62/252 || 20 June 2008 || A/60/725 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for updated methodology
|-
| 63/285 || 30 June 2009 || A/63/697 || A/63/746	 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved new survey
|-
| 65/289 || 30 June 2011 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Established SAG, approved supp payment of $85 mil
|-
| 66/264 || 21 June 2012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved supp payment of $60 mil
|-
| 67/261 || 10 May 2013 || A/67/713, A/67/956 || A/67/749 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved recs of SAG A/C.5/67/10, inc. 6.75% supp payment
|-
| 68/281 || 30 June 2014 || A/68/813 || A/68/859 || 1 July 2014 || 1,332 ||  ||  ||  || First survey under new methodology
|-
| 68/281 ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2016 || 1,365 ||  ||  ||  ||  	
|-
| 68/281 ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2017 || 1,410 ||  ||  ||  || 	
|-
| 72/285 || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/728 A/72/728] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/771 A/72/771] || 1 July 2018 || 1,428 ||  ||  ||  || Second survey under new methodology
|}

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Reimbursement</title>
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    <text bytes="594" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations pays different types of '''reimbursement''' to troop- and police-contributing countries for capabilities deployed to peace operations, namely [[personnel reimbursement|'''personnel''']], [[contingent-owned equipment|'''major equipment''' and '''self sustainment''']]. Reimbursement costs are reflected as expenditures under group 1 of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]]. 

Member States are also paid for capabilities provided under [[letter of assist]]. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Death and disability compensation]]

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Self-sustainment</title>
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  <title>Troop cost</title>
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  <title>Death and disability compensation</title>
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    <text bytes="4327" xml:space="preserve">'''Death and disability compensation''' is paid by the United Nations for military and police personnel killed or injured in service. The current maximum rate of compensation is $77,000&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Principles of compensation ==

The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Prior to the adoption of the current system of uniform compensation in resolution 51/218E of 17 June 1997, compensation for military and police [[categories of personnel|contingent personnel]] was paid by their respective national authorities based on the relevant national legislation, who in turn were reimbursed by the United Nations upon receipt of a claim duly certified by the national auditor-general (or official of similar rank). This meant that troops or their beneficiaries were reimbursed different amounts based on national origin.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 68&lt;/ref&gt; 

From 1991, [[categories of personnel|individually-deployed uniformed experts]] (e.g. military observers and police officers) or their beneficiaries were reimbursed up to twice the annual salary excluding allowances or $50,000, whichever is higher&lt;ref&gt;Note that [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 71, says "whichever is lower". This must have been an error, as all other reports, including the associated ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664], say "whichever is higher".&lt;/ref&gt;; before 1991, the threshold was $20,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/746 A/63/746], table 2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The compensation levels for contingent personnel and individually-deployed were unified in July 2010 with the adoption of resolution 64/269, which set a maximum level of $70,000 for all uniformed personnel. 

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018 (paragraph 4) increased the rate by 10%
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] of 24 June 2010 (section II, paragraph 3) increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/177 52/177] of 18 December 1997 approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218e 51/218E] of 17 June 1997 (section II) set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994 (section III) established the principles for the payment of death and disability

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
Information on death and disability claims has, since the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/316 57/316] of 18 June 2003, been included in the annual report on the [[Overview report|overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations]]. Prior to that, a separate report titled "Death and disability benefits" was issued on an annual basis.  
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/550 A/63/550] ''Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/52/369 A/52/369] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented proposals for administrative and payment procedures
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/906 A/59/906] and [https://undocs.org/A/49/906/corr.1 Corr.1] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented options for providing compensation to troops
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/664 A/49/664] ''Annex VII: Compensation for Death, Injury and Disability''
* [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] ''Effective planning, budgeting and administration of peace-keeping operations''—requested guidance from the General Assembly for providing compensation to troops

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="13106" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual [[peacekeeping financial period]] of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. 

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Mandate ===
The mandate of each peacekeeping mission is established by the Security Council. Since 2009, the Security Council has requested an estimate of resource implications from the Secretariat whenever a new peacekeeping mission is proposed, or where significant change to a mandate is envisaged.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/24 S/PRST/2009/24] Statement by the President of the Security Council, 5 August 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for each mission can only be finalized after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which the missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget. During mission start-up or expansion, missions can use commitment authority to draw against the balance of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping financial period]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3573" xml:space="preserve">'''Commitment authority''' is approval for the Secretary-General to enter into financial commitments of up to a certain amount in absence of an appropriation from the General Assembly. It is usually used as a temporary measure until a full or revised budget can be prepared and an appropriation provided by the General Assembly.

Commitment authority can be with or without assessment, depending on immediate cash requirements.  

== Peacekeeping start-up or expansion ==
The use of commitment authority for peacekeeping missions was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233A resolution 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section IV, and draws upon the $150 million of the '''[[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]''' established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992. The applicable provisions, which have subsequently been amended&lt;ref&gt;Including by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;, are currently contained in [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations 4.6 through 4.9]].

Peacekeeping missions are also able to draw upon up to $50 million from the [[Strategic Deployment Stocks]] to support start-up and expansion, with reimbursement after an appropriation has been received.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Peacekeeping mandate change ==
Since the 2010s, it has become common for the General Assembly to not approve the full budget of a peacekeeping mission that is undergoing a mandate review or where circumstances have changed since a budget was prepared. In these situations, the General Assembly has frequently approved commitment authority (with assessment) for six months until a revised budget is submitted for consideration, generally during the fall, with adoption in December. 

== Political mission start-up or expansion ==
Start-up of special political missions relies on the '''unforeseen and extraordinary expenses''' (UEE) mechanism in the [[regular budget]], which is governed by a separate UEE resolution for each budget period. The UEE resolution for the 2018-2019 biennium is General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/264 72/264] of 24 December 2017.

Resolution 72/264 provides for expedited approval of commitment authority for the start-up or expansion of an SPM with just the concurrence of ACABQ without the requirement of going to the General Assembly if the requirements are below $10 million.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/264 72/264], paragraph 3. UEE also allows the SG to enter into a total of $8 million in commitments without going to ACABQ, but this envelope is generally insufficient for the start-up of new field missions.&lt;/ref&gt; Requirements above $10 million require General Assembly approval. Commitment authority under UEE does not, however, come with assessment. 

While special political missions have access to the Strategic Deployment Stocks, they have to replenish the costs up-front, thus reducing the available commitment authority for other requirements. This is in contrast with the situation in peacekeeping missions, where SDS replenishment is only required after an appropriation is received.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/240 A/66/340] ''Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3620" xml:space="preserve">'''Commitment authority''' is approval for the Secretary-General to enter into financial commitments of up to a certain amount in absence of an appropriation from the General Assembly. It is usually used as a temporary measure until a full or revised budget can be prepared and an appropriation provided by the General Assembly.

Commitment authority can be with or without assessment, depending on immediate cash requirements.  

== Peacekeeping start-up or expansion ==
The use of commitment authority for peacekeeping missions was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233A resolution 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section IV, and draws upon the $150 million of the '''[[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]''' established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992. The applicable provisions, which have subsequently been amended&lt;ref&gt;Including by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;, are currently contained in [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations 4.6 through 4.9]].

Peacekeeping missions are also able to draw upon up to $50 million from the [[Strategic Deployment Stocks]] to support start-up and expansion, with reimbursement after an appropriation has been received.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Peacekeeping mandate change ==
Since the 2010s, it has become common for the General Assembly to not approve the full budget of a peacekeeping mission that is undergoing a mandate review or where circumstances have changed since a budget was prepared. In these situations, the General Assembly has frequently approved commitment authority (with assessment) for six months until a revised budget is submitted for consideration, generally during the fall, with adoption in December. 

== Political mission start-up or expansion ==
Start-up of special political missions relies on the '''unforeseen and extraordinary expenses''' (UEE) mechanism in the [[regular budget]], which is governed by a separate UEE resolution for each budget period. The UEE resolution for the 2018-2019 biennium is General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/264 72/264] of 24 December 2017.

UEE allows the SG to enter into commitments related to peace and security totaling $8 million per year without any review&lt;ref&gt;In colloquial usage, the term UEE is often used to refer only to this specific provision of the UEE resolution.&lt;/ref&gt; as well as expedited approval of commitment authority for the start-up or expansion of an SPM with the concurrence of ACABQ without the requirement of going to the General Assembly if the requirements are below $10 million. Requirements above $10 million require General Assembly approval. Commitment authority under UEE does not come with assessment, and supplementary estimates are required to be submitted related to commitments entered under the UEE resolution.

While special political missions have access to the Strategic Deployment Stocks, they have to replenish the costs up-front, thus reducing the available commitment authority for other requirements. This is in contrast with the situation in peacekeeping missions, where SDS replenishment is only required after an appropriation is received.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/240 A/66/340] ''Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3768" xml:space="preserve">The '''Peacekeeping Reserve Fund''' was established on 1 January 1993 following the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992 "as a cash flow mechanism to ensure the rapid response of the Organization to the needs of peacekeeping operations". The level of the Fund was set at $150 million.

[[Special political missions]] do not have access to the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/340 A/66/340] Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions&lt;/ref&gt;

== Relevant regulations ==
The use of the Fund is governed by [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations]] 4.5-4.9.

&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.6.''' If a decision of the Security Council relating to the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations results in the need to meet expenses and capital requirements, the Secretary-General is authorized, with the prior concurrence of the Advisory Committee and subject to regulation 4.8, to enter into commitments not to exceed the balance of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, and not to exceed $100 million per decision of the Security Council. The cumulative total of outstanding commitment authority in respect of the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations is not to exceed the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund at any one time; however, the appropriation by the General Assembly of any outstanding commitments shall automatically restore this commitment authority to the extent of the amount appropriated.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.7.''' Advances made from the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund shall be reimbursed as soon as receipts from contributions are available for those purposes.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.8.''' If a decision of the Security Council results in the need for the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations in an amount exceeding $100 million per decision of the Security Council or exceeding the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, the matter shall be brought to the General Assembly as soon as possible for a decision on commitment authority and assessment.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.9.''' The Secretary-General and the Advisory Committee shall report to the General Assembly on any exercise of a commitment authority given under regulation 4.6, together with the circumstances relating thereto, in the context of the next report submitted to the Assembly on the financing of the relevant peacekeeping operation.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant resolutions ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 Resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992
*: Established the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund at the level of $150 million.

* [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 Resolution 49/233] of 23 December 1994
*: Decided "to limit the utilization of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund to the start-up phase of new peacekeeping operations, to the expansion of existing ones or to unforeseen and extraordinary expenditures related to peacekeeping."&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 2 of section XI of 49/233&lt;/ref&gt;
*: Authorized the Secretary-General to enter into commitments not to exceed $50 million per decision of the Security Council, with the concurrence of the ACABQ.&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 1 of section IV of 49/233&lt;/ref&gt;

* [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 Resolution 64/269] of 24 June 2010
*: Increased the maximum amount of commitment authority from $50 million to $100 million, but not to exceed the available balance of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund.&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 8 of section VI of 64/269&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also == 
* [[Commitment authority]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Strategic Deployment Stocks]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5446" xml:space="preserve">Many United Nations bodies take decisions by '''consensus''', i.e. without a vote. 

== Fifth Committee ==
In the mid-1980s, United States legislation generally referred to as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment required the reduction of the United States contribution to the regular budget to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html RL33848] United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In response, The General Assembly adopted resolution 40/237 of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49 A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213] of 19 December 1986, which introduced the current practice of consensus-based decision-making in the [[Fifth Committee]] through the following operative paragraph:

&lt;blockquote&gt;7. ''Considers it desirable'' that the Fifth Committee, before submitting its recommendations on the outline of the [[programme budget]] to the General Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Charter and the rules of procedure of the Assembly, should continue to make all possible efforts with a view to establishing the broadest possible agreement;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although consensus only originally covered negotiations over the budget outline, it soon expanded to become the standard practice of the Fifth Committee on decisions other than elections, as seen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] of 23 December 1994:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Reaffirming'' the role of the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly with regard to budgetary and financial matters and the importance of making every effort to establish the broadest possible agreement in accordance with the practice established in the Fifth Committee and in conformity with Assembly resolution 41/213 of 19 December 1986,&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Routine votes ===
Despite the general practice of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee, there are a number of annual resolutions for which voting has become a routine ritual:
* '''Financing of UNDOF'''
: Since 2018, Syria has proposed an oral amendment related to civilian posts approved in the mission staffing table. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].
* '''Financing of UNIFIL'''
: Annual G77 draft resolution with paragraphs stressing “that Israel shall pay the amount of  1,117,005  dollars  resulting  from  the  incident at Qana on 18 April 1996” and recalling previous resolutions on this matter, to which Israel proposes an amendment deleting the relevant paragraphs, on which a vote is requested by the Chair of the G77. Prior to the 73rd session, a vote would also be called on the draft resolution as a whole.
* '''Estimates in respect of special political missions'''
: Annual oral amendment proposed from the floor by Cuba and supported by delegations such as Iran, Nicaragua and Syria, proposing deletion of references to the concept of responsibility to protect and the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Responsibility to protect. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].

=== Exceptions ===
There have been a number of contentious issues for which no consensus could be reached, including:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Agenda item !! Issue
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/268B 73/268B] || 3 July 2019 || Board of Auditors || G77 and Russia opposed a number of BoA recommendations prompted submission of an L-document requesting SG not to implement those recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/73/671/Add.1 A/73/671/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 67 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/243 67/243] || 24 December 2012 || Financing of ICTY || Russia raised concerns about financing parameters for ICTY&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/675 A/67/675]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/257 66/257] || 9 April 2012 || Accountability || G77 opposed reforms under the Change Management initiative&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/638/add.1 66/638/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] || 24 December 2009 || [[Scale of assessments]] || Russia proposal alternative set of rates for regular budget scale&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/482/Add.1 A/64/482/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Committee for Programme and Coordination ==
The legal basis for consensus-based decision-making in the [[CPC]] is also [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;6. ''Agrees'' that…the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination should continue its existing practice of reaching decisions by consensus; explanatory views, if any, shall be presented to the General Assembly;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations ==
The longstanding practice of the [[C34]] is to adopt its annual report by consensus. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]

== References ==

[[category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5452" xml:space="preserve">Many United Nations bodies take decisions by '''consensus''', i.e. without a vote. 

== Fifth Committee ==
In the mid-1980s, United States legislation generally referred to as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment required the reduction of the United States contribution to the regular budget to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process.&lt;ref&gt;[http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/99/93.pdf Public Law No. 99-93, Section 143] Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987, August 16, 1985.&lt;/ref&gt; In response, The General Assembly adopted resolution 40/237 of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49 A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213] of 19 December 1986, which introduced the current practice of consensus-based decision-making in the [[Fifth Committee]] through the following operative paragraph:

&lt;blockquote&gt;7. ''Considers it desirable'' that the Fifth Committee, before submitting its recommendations on the outline of the [[programme budget]] to the General Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Charter and the rules of procedure of the Assembly, should continue to make all possible efforts with a view to establishing the broadest possible agreement;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although consensus only originally covered negotiations over the budget outline, it soon expanded to become the standard practice of the Fifth Committee on decisions other than elections, as seen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] of 23 December 1994:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Reaffirming'' the role of the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly with regard to budgetary and financial matters and the importance of making every effort to establish the broadest possible agreement in accordance with the practice established in the Fifth Committee and in conformity with Assembly resolution 41/213 of 19 December 1986,&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Routine votes ===
Despite the general practice of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee, there are a number of annual resolutions for which voting has become a routine ritual:
* '''Financing of UNDOF'''
: Since 2018, Syria has proposed an oral amendment related to civilian posts approved in the mission staffing table. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].
* '''Financing of UNIFIL'''
: Annual G77 draft resolution with paragraphs stressing “that Israel shall pay the amount of  1,117,005  dollars  resulting  from  the  incident at Qana on 18 April 1996” and recalling previous resolutions on this matter, to which Israel proposes an amendment deleting the relevant paragraphs, on which a vote is requested by the Chair of the G77. Prior to the 73rd session, a vote would also be called on the draft resolution as a whole.
* '''Estimates in respect of special political missions'''
: Annual oral amendment proposed from the floor by Cuba and supported by delegations such as Iran, Nicaragua and Syria, proposing deletion of references to the concept of responsibility to protect and the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Responsibility to protect. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].

=== Exceptions ===
There have been a number of contentious issues for which no consensus could be reached, including:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Agenda item !! Issue
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/268B 73/268B] || 3 July 2019 || Board of Auditors || G77 and Russia opposed a number of BoA recommendations prompted submission of an L-document requesting SG not to implement those recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/73/671/Add.1 A/73/671/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 67 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/243 67/243] || 24 December 2012 || Financing of ICTY || Russia raised concerns about financing parameters for ICTY&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/675 A/67/675]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/257 66/257] || 9 April 2012 || Accountability || G77 opposed reforms under the Change Management initiative&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/638/add.1 66/638/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] || 24 December 2009 || [[Scale of assessments]] || Russia proposal alternative set of rates for regular budget scale&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/482/Add.1 A/64/482/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Committee for Programme and Coordination ==
The legal basis for consensus-based decision-making in the [[CPC]] is also [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;6. ''Agrees'' that…the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination should continue its existing practice of reaching decisions by consensus; explanatory views, if any, shall be presented to the General Assembly;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations ==
The longstanding practice of the [[C34]] is to adopt its annual report by consensus. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]

== References ==

[[category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Fifth Committee</title>
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    <text bytes="12860" xml:space="preserve">The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat. As one of the six Main Committees, all UN Member States (193, as of this writing), are represented in the Committee, though as a matter of practice most Member States are represented through blocs such as the Group of 77 and China (G77), which consists of over 130 developing countries. 

Since the adoption of [http://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], the Committee has generally taken most decisions by [[consensus]].

== Role ==

As indicated in section VI of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/248 resolution 45/248B], 
&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. &lt;em&gt;Reaffirms&lt;/em&gt; that the Fifth Committee is the appropriate Main Committee of the General Assembly entrusted with responsibilities for administrative and budgetary matters;&lt;br /&gt;
2. &lt;em&gt;Reaffirms also&lt;/em&gt; the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions;&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;em&gt;Expresses its concern&lt;/em&gt; at the tendency of its substantive Committees and other intergovernmental bodies to involve themselves in administrative and budgetary matters;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Rule 153 of the [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/ropga/ General Assembly Rules of Procedure] states:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
No resolution involving expenditure shall be recommended by a committee for approval by the General Assembly unless it is accompanied by an estimate of expenditures prepared by the Secretary-General. No resolution in respect of which expenditures are anticipated by the Secretary-General shall be voted by the General Assembly until the Administrative and Budgetary Committee (Fifth Committee) has had an opportunity of stating the effect of the proposal upon the budget estimates of the United Nations.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Blocs ==

=== Group of 77 and China ===

Developing countries coordinate in the G77 format in intergovernmental bodies responsible for economic and financial issues (such as the Fifth Committee) and in the NAM format on bodies responsible for peace and security issues. The primary difference in membership is that many large Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, are members of the G77 but not the NAM. 

The G77 adopts a common position on nearly all Fifth Committee issues, with two notable exceptions: peacekeeping mission budgets and issues pertaining to the permanent members of the Security Council. On peacekeeping mission budgets, the African Group negotiates as a bloc, while other G77 members negotiate in their national capacity. 

Leadership of the G77 rotates on an annual basis, and the Chair is responsible for coordinating G77 positions as well as delivering common statements of position on behalf of the Group. 

=== Major Financial Contributors ===
Major financial contributors refer to themselves as the "like-minded group" and are referred to as "the partners" by the G77 and China. 

==== European Union ====
The Member States of the European Union generally adopt a common position on Fifth Committee matters. Since the adoption of resolution 65/276 on the participation of the European Union in the work of the United Nations in May 2011, the positions of EU Member States are jointly coordinated by (and its negotiation “burden-sharing” teams are jointly led by) the EU Delegation and the delegation holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 

==== CANZ ====
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand generally adopt a common position and negotiate in a bloc referred to as CANZ.  

==== JUSCANZ ====
The informal JUSCANZ alignment of Japan, the United States, CANZ, and Israel  is sometimes used in the Fifth Committee for coordination purposes.

=== Other delegations active in the Fifth Committee ===
* Norway 
* Switzerland
* Russia 
* Mexico

== Process ==
Below is an explanation of the Fifth Committee negotiation process.
 
=== Website ===

The Fifth Committee website is available at [http://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/ www.un.org/en/ga/fifth] and includes invaluable information, including contact information for the Bureau and Secretariat, the program of work (i.e. schedule of meetings), the text of statements delivered in Committee, and resolutions. 

=== Bureau === 
The Bureau of the Fifth Committee consists of the Chair, three Vice-Chairs, and one Rapporteur elected by the Committee; each of the five regional groups has one representative on the Bureau. The Bureau is responsible for setting the program of work  for the Committee and deciding on issues of process. By convention, the five permanent members of the Security Council never seek election to the office of PGA or to the Chair or Vice-Chair of any of the six Main Committees of the General Assembly.	

=== Secretariat ===
The Secretariat of the Fifth Committee, technically part of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for [[DMSPC|Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]], consists of UN staff members responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the Committee. They are led by the Secretary of the Committee (who also serves as the Secretary of the Committee on Program and Coordination), who supports the Chair of the Committee and who attends Bureau meetings, and include a Deputy Secretary and a number of officers who provide administrative support for negotiations on each of the individual agenda items assigned to the Committee, including activities such as managing the list of speakers, compiling language submissions for draft resolutions and serving as an impartial resource on the rules of procedure and working methods of the Committee.

=== Coordinators === 
Coordinators are Fifth Committee delegates who are responsible for facilitating the negotiations on individual agenda items. In selecting coordinators, the Bureau generally tries to ensure that coordinators for the key issues in each session are balanced between the G77 and like-minded delegations.  

It is extremely rare, but not unprecedented, for permanent members of the Security Council to serve as coordinators. 

=== Organization of Work ===
The Fifth Committee meets three times a year. The main part of its session runs from October through December, the first part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in March, and the second part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in May (though the Committee generally does not complete its work until June). Issues pertaining to the biennial [[programme budget]] (i.e. the “regular budget”), which runs from 1 January of the first year through 31 December of the second, and general management policy issues are generally handled during the main session. Non time-bound management policy issues (and overflow from the main session) are generally tackled during the first resumed session. Issues related to the [[peacekeeping financing|financing of peacekeeping operations]] are handled during the second resumed session, as the peacekeeping financial period runs from 1 July to 30 June. 

The first meeting of any session begins with a formal meeting on the Organization of Work to approve the agenda and provisional program of work. Groups and delegations generally also use this meeting to deliver statements complaining about the late issuance of documents or to identify their priorities for the session. 

=== Negotiation process ===
Negotiations on each draft resolution is based on one or more reports submitted by the Secretary-General and/or a body such as the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the [[Board of Auditors]], the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], the [[International Civil Service Commission]], the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]], the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] or the [[programme budget|Committee on Programme and Coordination]]. The specific practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on these reports is outlined in a [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|separate article]].

Because the Fifth Committee takes decisions by consensus, draft resolutions are generally not sponsored by individual delegations but are submitted on behalf of the Committee by the Chair. The process of negotiating resolutions is outlined below.

; Formal introduction of an agenda item
: Discussion of an agenda item in the Fifth Committee begins with a formal meeting chaired by a member of the Bureau in which a senior UN official—usually from the Department of Management—presents the report of the Secretary-General by providing a brief summary of the report. This is then followed by a presentation of the related report of the ACABQ by either the Chair or Vice-Chair of the ACABQ. Groups and delegations then have an opportunity to make statements for the record on the agenda item. 
: Member States speaking on behalf of groups (e.g. the G77, its constituent regional groups, or CANZ) always speak first, followed by the EU Delegation on behalf of the EU Member States, and then individual delegations in the order they appear on the list of speakers. 
: Formal meetings of all Main Committees are open and webcast on [http://webtv.un.org WebTV]. 

; Q&amp;A
: Following formal introduction of an agenda item, the Committee then meets in informal consultations chaired by the coordinator of the agenda item. The first stage of informal consultations are the Q&amp;A, in which members of the Committee have the opportunity to ask questions of representatives of the Secretariat about the issue at hand. Responses can be requested in writing.
	 
; Skeleton and language submission 
: Once Q&amp;A has been exhausted, the coordinator will circulate what is generally referred to as the “skeleton” or “rev. 0” of the draft resolution, which contains the standard paragraphs required to take a decision on the basis of the ACABQ recommendation (the default course of action). The coordinator will also set a language submission deadline. Delegations have until the deadline to submit additional paragraphs for the draft resolution, after which all of submissions are compiled into the “rev. 1” text. During the first informal consultation following the language submission deadline, each delegation is given an opportunity to present their language submission; this can be as detailed or cursory as the presenting delegate wishes. 	

; First reading 
: Once all language proposals have been submitted and introduced, the Committee undertakes a first reading of the rev. 1 text, going paragraph by paragraph. This is an opportunity for delegations to ask factual or grammatical questions about the language proposals either to the proponent of the language or to the Secretariat. 

; Second reading
: Once the first reading is completed, the Committee then starts again from the top with the second reading. For each paragraph, the coordinator will ask whether the paragraph can be adopted ad referendum. Although it is technically true that all agreements are provisional and that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, it is generally considered a sign of bad faith to re-open a paragraph after it has been adopted ad ref. Any delegations with objections to a paragraph can request that it be “bracketed”, and any delegation can withdraw or amend any paragraph they proposed. At the end of the second reading, delegates generally try to work offline in order to craft amendments or compromise proposals in order to overcome objections. The process then iterates through a third reading (and more, if necessary) until all remaining paragraphs have been agreed. 

; Chair’s text 
: If the Committee is stuck, the coordinator and/or Chair may submit a compromise proposal as an attempt to bridge the gap. 
 
; Adoption
: Once a draft resolution as a whole has been agreed to in informal consultations (i.e. adopted informally), the Chair then formally submits it to the Secretariat on behalf of the Committee. The Secretariat then issues it as an L-document for action by the Committee during a formal session. After the Committee approves the draft resolution, the text is included verbatim in a Report of the Fifth Committee to the General Assembly for adoption by a plenary session of the General Assembly, after which it is assigned a resolution number. 

; No consensus
: If the Committee is unable to reach consensus on an issue, it often defers consideration to a subsequent session. In exceptional circumstances, delegations have tabled draft resolutions as L-documents (or threatened to do so) to force a decision on a deadlocked issue.

== See also ==
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Consensus#Fifth Committee|Consensus in the Fifth Committee]]

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping financial period</title>
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    <text bytes="2826" xml:space="preserve">The '''peacekeeping financial period''' runs the 12-month period from 1 July to 30 June. It was established by the General Assembly in [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] of 23 December 1994, with effect from 1 July 1995. Establishment of a separate financial period for peacekeeping operations was established to address the increasing workload for the Secretariat, the [[ACABQ]] and the [[Fifth Committee]], and was linked to a rearrangement of the annual Fifth Committee session between a main and resumed sessions.

== Missed deadlines ==
In three instances, the General Assembly has not been able to adopt [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] before the start of the financial period. It has taken two different approaches to this situation.

=== Approach 1: Stopping the clock === 
In the 68th session, the 99th plenary meeting of the General Assembly was called to order at 3:15 PM on 30 June 2014 (before the end of the 2013/14 financial period), suspended ten minutes later, and resumed at 3:45 PM on 3 July to consider the reports of the Fifth Committee. The resolutions adopted on calendar date 3 July were still dated 30 June because they were considered to have been adopted during the meeting that began on 30 June.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/PV.99 A/68/PV.99]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Approach 2: Retroactive appropriation ===
'''72nd session'''

The Fifth Committee did not reach agreement on peacekeeping financing resolutions until 5 July 2018. As a result, the General Assembly adopted decision 72/558&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/49(VOL.III) A/72/49 (Vol.III)]&lt;/ref&gt; indicating that the resolutions were effective as of 1 July:

&lt;blockquote&gt;'''72/558 Effective date of resolutions relating to the peacekeeping budget and special political missions'''&lt;br /&gt;
At its 104th plenary meeting, on 5 July 2018, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Fifth Committee, decided that all resolutions relating to the peacekeeping budget and special political missions adopted at its 104th meeting, on 5 July 2018, under agenda items 136, 149 to 154 and 156 to 165, would be effective as from 1 July 2018.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''73rd session'''

The Fifth Committee also did not reach agreement on peacekeeping financing resolutions until 3 July 2019. As a result, the General Assembly adopted decision 73/555 indicating that the resolutions were effective as of 1 July.

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

=== Documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/664 A/49/664] Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peace-keeping operations (ACABQ report; see section III C)
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/723 A/73/723] Opening of the regular sessions of the General Assembly

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Cross-cutting resolutions</title>
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    <text bytes="6887" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Approved measures on disposition of assets following liquidation ([[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Reg 5.14]]); &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|-
| 73 || No resolution || || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] (Fourth Committee/[[C34]] resolution)

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7164" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Approved measures on disposition of assets following liquidation ([[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Reg 5.14]]); &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|-
| 73 || No resolution || || ''Identical paragraphs related to oversight body recommendations and risk management and internal controls inserted into all mission financing resolutions. &lt;br /&gt;Identical paragraphs on [[programmatic activities]] also inserted into financing resolutions of relevant missions''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] (Fourth Committee/[[C34]] resolution)

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping financing resolutions</title>
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    <text bytes="17435" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Standard paragraphs ==

=== Preambular ===

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Having considered'' the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of '''MISSION NAME''' and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,
|
| This paragraph references the reports under consideration during the current session. 
|-
| 2
| ''Recalling'' Security Council resolution '''RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING MISSION'''…and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was '''MOST RECENT SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION''', by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission until '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''',
|
| This paragraph references the mandate of the mission as decided by the Security Council.
|-
| 3
| ''Recalling also'' its resolution '''FIRST FINANCING RESOLUTION FOR MISSION''' on the financing of the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution '''MOST RECENT FINANCING RESOLUTION''', 
|
| This paragraph references the previous financing resolutions for the mission approved by the General Assembly.
|-
| 4
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| 5
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Mission, 
| 43th session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/229 resolution 43/229] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions 
|-
| 6
| ''Mindful'' of the fact that it is essential to provide the Mission with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,
| 42nd session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/223 resolution 42/223] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions
|}

=== Operative ===
The tables below provide explanations for standard paragraphs that appear in peacekeeping financing resolutions. The paragraph numbers are for reference only for the purpose of this article and will not necessarily correspond to the actual paragraph numbers in actual resolutions. 

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| 2
| ''Takes note'' of the status of contributions to '''MISSION NAME''' as at '''DATE OF MOST RECENT DATA FROM SECRETARIAT''', including the contributions outstanding in the amount of '''DATA PROVIDED BY SECRETARIAT''', notes with concern that only '''NUMBER''' Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions;
| 44th session
| The first appearance of language urging Member States "to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions" appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/190 44/190] on UNAVEM
|-
| 3
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| 4
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| 5
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session; &lt;br /&gt;dropped during 65th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session.&lt;br /&gt;Language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| 6
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/53/SR.68 A/C.5/53/SR.68] and [https://undocs.org/A/53/PV.105 A/53/PV.105]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 7
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 8
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| 9
| ''Endorses'' the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; 
|
| Standard text endorsing ACABQ recommendations except where recommendations are taken note of or otherwise superseded in the text. See [[practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]].
|-
| 
| ''(Mission-specific policy paragraphs are usually inserted here)''
|
| 
|-
| 10
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing [[cross-cutting resolutions]] adopted since the 59th session
|-
| 11
| ''Also requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| 12
| ''Takes note'' of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Mission for the period from '''PREVIOUS FINANCIAL PERIOD''';
|
| This paragraph references the most recent performance report, if applicable.
|- 
| 13
| Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for '''MISSION NAME''' the amount of '''TOTAL APPROPRIATION''' for the period from '''NEXT FINANCIAL PERIOD''', inclusive of '''APPROVED LEVEL OF MISSION''' for the maintenance of the Mission, '''MISSION SHARE OF SUPPORT ACCOUNT''' for the support account for peacekeeping operations, '''MISSION SHARE OF UNLB''' for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, and '''MISSION SHARE OF RSCE''' for the Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, Uganda;
|
| Member States do not receive separate assessments for the support account, UNLB and RSCE. Instead, these accounts are financed, pro rata, through missions. The total appropriation for each mission includes the actual requirements for the mission plus the mission's share of the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets, as calculated by the Secretariat. Fifth Committee negotiation of an individual mission budget only determines the approved level of that specific mission; the other figures (the total appropriation and the mission share of the the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets) can only be filled in after the Fifth Committee has reached agreement on the level of the support account, UNLB and RSCE.
|-
| 14
| ''Decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from 1 July '''CURRENT YEAR''' to '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| The Secretariat is only authorized to send assessment letters to finance the activities of a mission until the expiration of its current mandate, even though the budget is approved for the full year. The amount in this paragraph is a prorated amount reflecting the portion of the budget falling within the current mandate period. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 15
| ''Also decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''14''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
| 
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 14 corresponding to the TEF, which was established in [https://undocs.org/a/res/973(X) resolution 973 (X)]. The Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee
|-
| 16
| ''Further decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from '''THE DAY AFTER DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''' to 30 June '''NEXT YEAR''' in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''', subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission;
|
| This amount represents the remainder of the budget. The amount in this paragraph, when added to the amount in paragraph 14, should yield the total appropriation in paragraph 13. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 17
| ''Decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''16''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
|
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 16 corresponding to the TEF. As with paragraph 15, the Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee.
|-
| 18
| Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 14 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| For Member States without outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be credited against their assessment for the next financial period.  
|-
| 19
| ''Further decides'' that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 18 above;
| 50th session
| For Member States with outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be used to meet those outstanding obligations. Before the 50th session, no distinction was made between Member States with or without outstanding contributions, and each Member State's share of the unencumbered balance was applied to the assessment for the next financial period. 
|-
| 20
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; 
| 53rd session; &lt;br /&gt;dropped during 73rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid''. Note that prior to the 53rd session, the Secretary-General did temporarily borrow across mission accounts to meet liquidity challenges, as noted in paragraph 5 of [https://undocs.org/A/46/600 A/46/600] ("I was obliged to borrow from the few peace-keeping funds which had cash in excess of their immediate requirements in order to meet both regular budget obligations and the cash requirements of other new peace-keeping operations.") and paragraph 28 of [https://undocs.org/A/50/666 A/50/666] ("In order to continue operating at all, it was necessary, for long periods of time, to borrow cash temporarily available from other missions or fromt he Peace-keeping Reserve Fund").&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Paragraph was dropped during the 73rd session, during which the General Assembly adopted [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/307 resolution 73/307] approving the management of cash balances of all active peacekeeping missions as a pool in . 
|-
| 21
| ''Encourages'' the Secretary-General to continue to take additional measures to ensure the safety and security of all personnel under the auspices of the United Nations participating in the Mission, bearing in mind paragraphs 5 and 6 of Security Council resolution 1502(2003) of 26 August 2003;
| 59th session
| The current formulation, which includes the clause referencing [https://undocs.org/s/res/1502(2003) resolution 1502] dates from the resumed part of the 59th session in 2005.&lt;ref&gt;It was not included, for example, in the UNAMSIL financing resolution from the main session ([https://undocs.org/a/res/59/14 resolution 59/14A]), but included in the resolution during the resumed session ([https://undocs.org/a/res/59/14B resolution 59/14B]).&lt;/ref&gt; The first part of the paragraph has been standard since 1999.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241] on UNMIK&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| 22
| ''Invites'' voluntary contributions to the Mission in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly;
|
| A request for voluntary contributions has been included in resolutions at least since the 1970s, including with the financing of UNIFIL in [https://undocs.org/a/res/s-8/2 resolution S-8/2].
|-
| 23
| Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its '''NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION''' the item entitled “Financing of '''MISSION NAME'''”.
|
| Includes this agenda item in the programme for the next session of the General Assembly
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="17626" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Standard paragraphs ==

=== Preambular ===

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Having considered'' the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of '''MISSION NAME''' and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,
|
| This paragraph references the reports under consideration during the current session. 
|-
| 2
| ''Recalling'' Security Council resolution '''RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING MISSION'''…and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was '''MOST RECENT SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION''', by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission until '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''',
|
| This paragraph references the mandate of the mission as decided by the Security Council.
|-
| 3
| ''Recalling also'' its resolution '''FIRST FINANCING RESOLUTION FOR MISSION''' on the financing of the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution '''MOST RECENT FINANCING RESOLUTION''', 
|
| This paragraph references the previous financing resolutions for the mission approved by the General Assembly.
|-
| 4
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| 5
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Mission, 
| 43th session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/229 resolution 43/229] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions 
|-
| 6
| ''Mindful'' of the fact that it is essential to provide the Mission with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,
| 42nd session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/223 resolution 42/223] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions
|}

=== Operative ===
The tables below provide explanations for standard paragraphs that appear in peacekeeping financing resolutions. The paragraph numbers are for reference only for the purpose of this article and will not necessarily correspond to the actual paragraph numbers in actual resolutions. 

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| 2
| ''Takes note'' of the status of contributions to '''MISSION NAME''' as at '''DATE OF MOST RECENT DATA FROM SECRETARIAT''', including the contributions outstanding in the amount of '''DATA PROVIDED BY SECRETARIAT''', notes with concern that only '''NUMBER''' Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions;
| 44th session
| The first appearance of language urging Member States "to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions" appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/190 44/190] on UNAVEM
|-
| 3
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| 4
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| 5
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session; &lt;br /&gt;dropped during 65th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session.&lt;br /&gt;Language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| 6
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/53/SR.68 A/C.5/53/SR.68] and [https://undocs.org/A/53/PV.105 A/53/PV.105]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 7
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 8
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| 9
| ''Endorses'' the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; 
|
| Standard text endorsing ACABQ recommendations except where recommendations are taken note of or otherwise superseded in the text. See [[practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]].
|-
| 
| ''(Mission-specific policy paragraphs are usually inserted here)''
|
| 
|-
| 10
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing [[cross-cutting resolutions]] adopted since the 59th session
|-
| 11
| ''Also requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| 12
| ''Takes note'' of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Mission for the period from '''PREVIOUS FINANCIAL PERIOD''';
|
| This paragraph references the most recent performance report, if applicable.
|- 
| 13
| Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for '''MISSION NAME''' the amount of '''TOTAL APPROPRIATION''' for the period from '''NEXT FINANCIAL PERIOD''', inclusive of '''APPROVED LEVEL OF MISSION''' for the maintenance of the Mission, '''MISSION SHARE OF SUPPORT ACCOUNT''' for the support account for peacekeeping operations, '''MISSION SHARE OF UNLB''' for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, and '''MISSION SHARE OF RSCE''' for the Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, Uganda;
|
| Member States do not receive separate assessments for the support account, UNLB and RSCE. Instead, these accounts are financed, pro rata, through missions. The total appropriation for each mission includes the actual requirements for the mission plus the mission's share of the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets, as calculated by the Secretariat. Fifth Committee negotiation of an individual mission budget only determines the approved level of that specific mission; the other figures (the total appropriation and the mission share of the the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets) can only be filled in after the Fifth Committee has reached agreement on the level of the support account, UNLB and RSCE.
|-
| 14
| ''Decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from 1 July '''CURRENT YEAR''' to '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| The Secretariat is only authorized to send assessment letters to finance the activities of a mission until the expiration of its current mandate, even though the budget is approved for the full year. The amount in this paragraph is a prorated amount reflecting the portion of the budget falling within the current mandate period. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 15
| ''Also decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''14''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
| 
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 14 corresponding to the TEF, which was established in [https://undocs.org/a/res/973(X) resolution 973 (X)]. The Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee
|-
| 16
| ''Further decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from '''THE DAY AFTER DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''' to 30 June '''NEXT YEAR''' in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''', subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission;
|
| This amount represents the remainder of the budget. The amount in this paragraph, when added to the amount in paragraph 14, should yield the total appropriation in paragraph 13. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 17
| ''Decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''16''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
|
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 16 corresponding to the TEF. As with paragraph 15, the Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee.
|-
| 18
| Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 14 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| For Member States without outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be credited against their assessment for the next financial period.  
|-
| 19
| ''Further decides'' that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 18 above;
| 50th session
| For Member States with outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be used to meet those outstanding obligations. Before the 50th session, no distinction was made between Member States with or without outstanding contributions, and each Member State's share of the unencumbered balance was applied to the assessment for the next financial period. 
|-
| 20
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; 
| 53rd session; &lt;br /&gt;dropped during 73rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid''. Note that prior to the 53rd session, the Secretary-General did temporarily borrow across mission accounts to meet liquidity challenges, as noted in paragraph 5 of [https://undocs.org/A/46/600 A/46/600] ("I was obliged to borrow from the few peace-keeping funds which had cash in excess of their immediate requirements in order to meet both regular budget obligations and the cash requirements of other new peace-keeping operations.") and paragraph 28 of [https://undocs.org/A/50/666 A/50/666] ("In order to continue operating at all, it was necessary, for long periods of time, to borrow cash temporarily available from other missions or fromt he Peace-keeping Reserve Fund").&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Paragraph was dropped during the 73rd session, during which the General Assembly adopted [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/307 resolution 73/307] approving the management of cash balances of all active peacekeeping missions as a pool in . 
|-
| 21
| ''Encourages'' the Secretary-General to continue to take additional measures to ensure the safety and security of all personnel under the auspices of the United Nations participating in the Mission, bearing in mind paragraphs 5 and 6 of Security Council resolution 1502(2003) of 26 August 2003;
| 59th session
| The current formulation, which includes the clause referencing [https://undocs.org/s/res/1502(2003) resolution 1502] dates from the resumed part of the 59th session in 2005.&lt;ref&gt;It was not included, for example, in the UNAMSIL financing resolution from the main session ([https://undocs.org/a/res/59/14 resolution 59/14A]), but included in the resolution during the resumed session ([https://undocs.org/a/res/59/14B resolution 59/14B]).&lt;/ref&gt; The first part of the paragraph has been standard since 1999.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241] on UNMIK&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| 22
| ''Invites'' voluntary contributions to the Mission in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly;
|
| A request for voluntary contributions has been included in resolutions at least since the 1970s, including with the financing of UNIFIL in [https://undocs.org/a/res/s-8/2 resolution S-8/2].
|-
| 23
| Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its '''NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION''' the item entitled “Financing of '''MISSION NAME'''”.
|
| Includes this agenda item in the programme for the next session of the General Assembly
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

=== UNIFIL ===
A number of paragraphs related to the 1996 Qana incident are included in the UNIFIL financing resolutions. See [[Consensus#Fifth Committee|Consensus in the Fifth Committee]].

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190704132245|355">
  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
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    <text bytes="3878" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping overview report. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <text bytes="10374" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD);
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190704132245|355">
  <title>Personnel reimbursement</title>
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    <text bytes="8654" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations provides '''personnel reimbursement''' for the troop- and police-contributing countries on account of the military and police contingents deployed to United Nations peace operations. 

Since 1 July 2018, the reimbursement rate has been 1,428 United States dollars per person per month.&lt;ref&gt;Resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Principles of reimbursement ==
In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] of 14 June 2001, the General Assembly established the following elements and guidelines for the reimbursement system:
:(a) [[categories of personnel|Troops, formed civilian police units and staff officers]] serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations shall be reimbursed on an equal basis for identical services;
:(b) Reimbursement for troop costs shall take into consideration, inter alia, general principles such as simplicity, equity, transparency, comprehensiveness, portability, financial control and audit and confirmed delivery of specified services, all ow which shall be built into the [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] entered into by the United Nations with the participating States;
:(c) The data for this survey shall identify the common and essential additional costs from existing troop levels related to personnel that are incurred by troop-contributing countries due to their participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations…;
:(d) The methodology shall ensure that no double payment is made with respect to reimbursement between the various levels of [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]], components of troop costs and any other allowances;

== Current structure of reimbursement ==
The current reimbursement system has been in place since 1 July 2013, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013, which endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the '''Senior Advisory Group''' established pursuant to General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/10 A/C.5/67/10] Report of the Senior Advisory Group on rates of reimbursement to troop-contributing countries and other related issues &lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Survey ===
The reimbursement rate is based on a quadrennial survey of a representative sample of troop- and police-contributing countries. The "common and essential additional costs" covered in the survey are (1) allowances; (2) clothing, gear and equipment; (3) pre-deployment medical expenses; and (4) inland travel.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 67&lt;/ref&gt; The sample consists of 10 of the top 20 contributors over the prior three-year period. These countries should be drawn from the four World Bank income categories (high, high-medium, low-medium and low) in proportion to the total number of troops and members of formed police units deployed from each of these income categories.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 62-63&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Deduction for absent or non-functioning equipment ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly endorsed the SAG recommendation that, "to the extent that major equipment specified in relevant [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]] is absent or non-functional, thereby affecting the ability of a contingent to perform the responsibilities required of it, the rate of reimbursement to the troop- or police-contributing countries be reduced proportionally". However, it also introduced a number of caveats, as follows:

:(a) No deduction will be applied until after two consecutive unsatisfactory quarterly contingent-owned equipment verification reports…;
:(b) No deduction will be made for major equipment that is absent or non-functional for reasons deemed by the Secretariat to be beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country; 
:(c) No deduction will be made related to absent or non-functional vehicles unless over 10 per cent of the vehicles specified in relevant memorandums of understanding are absent or non-functional;
:(d) Deduction on account of absent or non-functional contingent-owned equipment shall not exceed 35 per cent of reimbursements for any unit in any case; 

=== Risk premium ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly also endorsed the SAG recommendation "to award bonuses to individual units that are operating without restrictions and caveats imposed by troop- and police-contributing countries
and that have acquitted themselves well despite exceptional levels of risk. The annual aggregate amount of such awards would be no greater than an amount equal to a 10 per cent premium paid to 10 per cent of the average
number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year. Those awards would be paid at the conclusion of service directly to the relevant individual contingent members."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 111-113&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Enabling capabilities premium ===
The General Assembly also introduced a premium to be paid to incentivize the deployment of key enabling capabilities in high demand and short supply. As recommended by the SAG, "The Secretary-General would decide from time to
time and mission by mission which enabling capacities, if any, would qualify and the size of the premium in each case. The annual aggregate amount of such premiums would be no greater than an amount equal to a 15 per cent premium paid to 20 per cent of the average number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 114&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reimbursement rates ==
Personnel reimbursement rates are set by the General Assembly on the basis of deliberations within the [[Fifth Committee]]. The adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] set a four-year review cycle for personnel reimbursement rates by the General Assembly. Deliberations on personnel reimbursement are separate from those of reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|major equipment and self-sustainment]], which occur every three years on the basis of recommendations of the [[contingent-owned equipment#COE Working Group|Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Date !! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Effective date !! Base rate !! Supp. !! Kit !! Weap. !! Notes
|-
| 29/xxx || 29 November 1974 ||  ||  || 25 October 1973 || 500 || 150 ||  ||  || See A/PV.2303, para 128.
|-
| 30/xxx || 15 December 1975 ||  ||  || 15 December 1975 || 500 || 150 || 65 || 5 || Approved usage factor
|-
| 32/416 || 2 December 1977 || A/32/339 || || 25 October 1977 || 680 || 200 || 65 || 5 ||  	
|-
| 35/44 || 1 December 1980 || A/C.5/35/38 || A/35/653 || 1 December 1980 || 950 || 280 || 65 || 5	 || 
|-
| 40/247 || 18 December 1985 || A/40/845 || A/40/xxx	 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
| 42/224 || 21 December 1987 || A/42/374 || A/42/791 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
|  	 ||  || A/44/500 || A/44/725 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Overview of rates
|-
| 45/258 || 3 May 1991 || A/45/582 || A/45/801 || 1 July 1991 || 988 || 291 || 65 || 5 || 	
|-
| 51/218E || 17 June 1997 || A/48/912 || A/50/1012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Req for new survey
|-
| 55/229 || 23 December 2000 || A/54/763 || A/54/859 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Req to post-Phase V Working Group
|-
| 55/274 || 14 June 2001 || A/55/815 || A/55/887 || 1 July 2001 || 1,008 || 297 || 66 || 5 || Rates in A/C.5/55/47
|-
| 55/274 ||  ||  ||  || 1 Jan 2002 || 1,028 || 303 || 68 || 5	 || 
|-
| 62/252 || 20 June 2008 || A/60/725 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for updated methodology
|-
| 63/285 || 30 June 2009 || A/63/697 || A/63/746	 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved new survey
|-
| 65/289 || 30 June 2011 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Established SAG, approved supp payment of $85 mil
|-
| 66/264 || 21 June 2012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved supp payment of $60 mil
|-
| 67/261 || 10 May 2013 || A/67/713, A/67/956 || A/67/749 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved recs of SAG A/C.5/67/10, inc. 6.75% supp payment
|-
| 68/281 || 30 June 2014 || A/68/813 || A/68/859 || 1 July 2014 || 1,332 ||  ||  ||  || First survey under new methodology
|-
| 68/281 ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2016 || 1,365 ||  ||  ||  ||  	
|-
| 68/281 ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2017 || 1,410 ||  ||  ||  || 	
|-
| 72/285 || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/728 A/72/728] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/771 A/72/771] || 1 July 2018 || 1,428 ||  ||  ||  || Second survey under new methodology
|}

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10485" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations provides '''personnel reimbursement''' for the troop- and police-contributing countries on account of the military and police contingents deployed to United Nations peace operations. 

Since 1 July 2018, the reimbursement rate has been 1,428 United States dollars per person per month.&lt;ref&gt;Resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Principles of reimbursement ==
In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] of 14 June 2001, the General Assembly established the following elements and guidelines for the reimbursement system:
:(a) [[categories of personnel|Troops, formed civilian police units and staff officers]] serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations shall be reimbursed on an equal basis for identical services;
:(b) Reimbursement for troop costs shall take into consideration, inter alia, general principles such as simplicity, equity, transparency, comprehensiveness, portability, financial control and audit and confirmed delivery of specified services, all ow which shall be built into the [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] entered into by the United Nations with the participating States;
:(c) The data for this survey shall identify the common and essential additional costs from existing troop levels related to personnel that are incurred by troop-contributing countries due to their participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations…;
:(d) The methodology shall ensure that no double payment is made with respect to reimbursement between the various levels of [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]], components of troop costs and any other allowances;

== Current structure of reimbursement ==
The current reimbursement system has been in place since 1 July 2013, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013, which endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the '''Senior Advisory Group''' established pursuant to General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/10 A/C.5/67/10] Report of the Senior Advisory Group on rates of reimbursement to troop-contributing countries and other related issues &lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Survey ===
The reimbursement rate is based on a quadrennial survey of a representative sample of troop- and police-contributing countries. The "common and essential additional costs" covered in the survey are (1) allowances; (2) clothing, gear and equipment; (3) pre-deployment medical expenses; and (4) inland travel.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 67&lt;/ref&gt; The sample consists of 10 of the top 20 contributors over the prior three-year period. These countries should be drawn from the four World Bank income categories (high, high-medium, low-medium and low) in proportion to the total number of troops and members of formed police units deployed from each of these income categories.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 62-63&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Deduction for absent or non-functioning equipment ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly endorsed the SAG recommendation that, "to the extent that major equipment specified in relevant [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]] is absent or non-functional, thereby affecting the ability of a contingent to perform the responsibilities required of it, the rate of reimbursement to the troop- or police-contributing countries be reduced proportionally". However, it also introduced a number of caveats, as follows:

:(a) No deduction will be applied until after two consecutive unsatisfactory quarterly contingent-owned equipment verification reports…;
:(b) No deduction will be made for major equipment that is absent or non-functional for reasons deemed by the Secretariat to be beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country; 
:(c) No deduction will be made related to absent or non-functional vehicles unless over 10 per cent of the vehicles specified in relevant memorandums of understanding are absent or non-functional;
:(d) Deduction on account of absent or non-functional contingent-owned equipment shall not exceed 35 per cent of reimbursements for any unit in any case; 

=== Risk premium ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly also endorsed the SAG recommendation "to award bonuses to individual units that are operating without restrictions and caveats imposed by troop- and police-contributing countries
and that have acquitted themselves well despite exceptional levels of risk. The annual aggregate amount of such awards would be no greater than an amount equal to a 10 per cent premium paid to 10 per cent of the average
number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year. Those awards would be paid at the conclusion of service directly to the relevant individual contingent members."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 111-113&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Enabling capabilities premium ===
The General Assembly also introduced a premium to be paid to incentivize the deployment of key enabling capabilities in high demand and short supply. As recommended by the SAG, "The Secretary-General would decide from time to
time and mission by mission which enabling capacities, if any, would qualify and the size of the premium in each case. The annual aggregate amount of such premiums would be no greater than an amount equal to a 15 per cent premium paid to 20 per cent of the average number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 114&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reimbursement rates ==
Personnel reimbursement rates are set by the General Assembly on the basis of deliberations within the [[Fifth Committee]]. The adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] set a four-year review cycle for personnel reimbursement rates by the General Assembly. Deliberations on personnel reimbursement are separate from those of reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|major equipment and self-sustainment]], which occur every three years on the basis of recommendations of the [[contingent-owned equipment#COE Working Group|Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Date !! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Effective date !! Base rate !! Supp. !! Kit !! Weap. !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/9631%5Bvol.I%5D(supp) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 140&lt;/ref&gt; || 29 November 1974 ||  ||  || 25 October 1973 || 500 || 150 ||  ||  || See A/PV.2303, para 128.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/10034(SUPP) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 148&lt;/ref&gt; || 15 December 1975 ||  ||  || 15 December 1975 || 500 || 150 || 65 || 5 || Approved usage factor
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/32/45(SUPP) Decision 32/416]&lt;ref&gt;See page 238&lt;/ref&gt; || 2 December 1977 || [https://undocs.org/a/32/339 A/32/339] || || 25 October 1977 || 680 || 200 || 65 || 5 ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/35/44 35/44] || 1 December 1980 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/35/38 A/C.5/35/38] || [https://undocs.org/a/35/653 A/35/653] || 1 December 1980 || 950 || 280 || 65 || 5 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/247 40/247] || 18 December 1985 || [https://undocs.org/a/40/845 A/40/845] || [https://undocs.org/a/40/954 A/40/954] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/224 42/224] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/a/42/374 A/42/374] || [https://undocs.org/a/42/791 A/42/791] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
|  	 ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/44/500 A/44/500] || [https://undocs.org/a/44/725 A/44/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Overview of rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || [https://undocs.org/a/45/582 A/45/582] || [https://undocs.org/a/45/801 A/45/801] || 1 July 1991 || 988 || 291 || 65 || 5 || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E] || 17 June 1997 || [https://undocs.org/a/48/912 A/48/912] || [https://undocs.org/a/50/1012 A/50/1012] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for new survey
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/229 55/229] || 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/54/763 A/54/763] || [https://undocs.org/a/54/859 A/54/859] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request to [[Contingent-owned equipment|post-Phase V Working Group]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] || 14 June 2001 || [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815] || [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887] || 1 July 2001 || 1,008 || 297 || 66 || 5 || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] ||  ||  ||  || 1 Jan 2002 || 1,028 || 303 || 68 || 5	 || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252] || 20 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/a/60/725 A/60/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for updated methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285] || 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/63/697 A/63/697] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved new survey, which was never implemented
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Established SAG, approved supplemental payment of $85 million to T/PCCs for 2011/12
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved supplemental payment of $60 million to T/PCCs for 2012/13
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261] || 10 May 2013 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/713 A/67/713], [https://undocs.org/a/67/956 A/67/956] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/749 A/67/749] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/67/10 SAG recommendations] including new methodology and 6.75% supplemental payment to T/PCCs for 2013/14
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] || 30 June 2014 || [https://undocs.org/a/68/813 A/68/813] || [https://undocs.org/A/68/859 A/68/859] || 1 July 2014 || 1,332 ||  ||  ||  || First survey under new methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2016 || 1,365 ||  ||  ||  ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2017 || 1,410 ||  ||  ||  || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/728 A/72/728] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/771 A/72/771] || 1 July 2018 || 1,428 ||  ||  ||  || Second survey under new methodology
|}

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <id>398</id>
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    <comment>Added section on withholding for SEA</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11549" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations provides '''personnel reimbursement''' for the troop- and police-contributing countries on account of the military and police contingents deployed to United Nations peace operations. 

Since 1 July 2018, the reimbursement rate has been 1,428 United States dollars per person per month.&lt;ref&gt;Resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Principles of reimbursement ==
In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] of 14 June 2001, the General Assembly established the following elements and guidelines for the reimbursement system:
:(a) [[categories of personnel|Troops, formed civilian police units and staff officers]] serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations shall be reimbursed on an equal basis for identical services;
:(b) Reimbursement for troop costs shall take into consideration, inter alia, general principles such as simplicity, equity, transparency, comprehensiveness, portability, financial control and audit and confirmed delivery of specified services, all ow which shall be built into the [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] entered into by the United Nations with the participating States;
:(c) The data for this survey shall identify the common and essential additional costs from existing troop levels related to personnel that are incurred by troop-contributing countries due to their participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations…;
:(d) The methodology shall ensure that no double payment is made with respect to reimbursement between the various levels of [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]], components of troop costs and any other allowances;

== Current structure of reimbursement ==
The current reimbursement system has been in place since 1 July 2013, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013, which endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the '''Senior Advisory Group''' established pursuant to General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/10 A/C.5/67/10] Report of the Senior Advisory Group on rates of reimbursement to troop-contributing countries and other related issues &lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Survey ===
The General Assembly currently decides on the reimbursement rate based on the results of a quadrennial survey of a representative sample of troop- and police-contributing countries. The "common and essential additional costs" covered in the survey are (1) allowances; (2) clothing, gear and equipment; (3) pre-deployment medical expenses; and (4) inland travel.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 67&lt;/ref&gt; The sample consists of 10 of the top 20 contributors over the prior three-year period. These countries should be drawn from the four World Bank income categories (high, high-medium, low-medium and low) in proportion to the total number of troops and members of formed police units deployed from each of these income categories.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 62-63&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Deduction for absent or non-functioning equipment ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly endorsed the SAG recommendation that, "to the extent that major equipment specified in relevant [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]] is absent or non-functional, thereby affecting the ability of a contingent to perform the responsibilities required of it, the rate of reimbursement to the troop- or police-contributing countries be reduced proportionally". However, it also introduced a number of caveats, as follows:

:(a) No deduction will be applied until after two consecutive unsatisfactory quarterly contingent-owned equipment verification reports…;
:(b) No deduction will be made for major equipment that is absent or non-functional for reasons deemed by the Secretariat to be beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country; 
:(c) No deduction will be made related to absent or non-functional vehicles unless over 10 per cent of the vehicles specified in relevant memorandums of understanding are absent or non-functional;
:(d) Deduction on account of absent or non-functional contingent-owned equipment shall not exceed 35 per cent of reimbursements for any unit in any case; 

=== Risk premium ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly also endorsed the SAG recommendation "to award bonuses to individual units that are operating without restrictions and caveats imposed by troop- and police-contributing countries
and that have acquitted themselves well despite exceptional levels of risk. The annual aggregate amount of such awards would be no greater than an amount equal to a 10 per cent premium paid to 10 per cent of the average
number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year. Those awards would be paid at the conclusion of service directly to the relevant individual contingent members."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 111-113&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Enabling capabilities premium ===
The General Assembly also introduced a premium to be paid to incentivize the deployment of key enabling capabilities in high demand and short supply. As recommended by the SAG, "The Secretary-General would decide from time to
time and mission by mission which enabling capacities, if any, would qualify and the size of the premium in each case. The annual aggregate amount of such premiums would be no greater than an amount equal to a 15 per cent premium paid to 20 per cent of the average number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 114&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reimbursement rates ==
Personnel reimbursement rates are set by the General Assembly on the basis of deliberations within the [[Fifth Committee]]. The adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] set a four-year review cycle for personnel reimbursement rates by the General Assembly. Deliberations on personnel reimbursement are separate from those of reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|major equipment and self-sustainment]], which occur every three years on the basis of recommendations of the [[contingent-owned equipment#COE Working Group|Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Date !! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Effective date !! Base rate !! Supp. !! Kit !! Weap. !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/9631%5Bvol.I%5D(supp) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 140&lt;/ref&gt; || 29 November 1974 ||  ||  || 25 October 1973 || 500 || 150 ||  ||  || See A/PV.2303, para 128.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/10034(SUPP) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 148&lt;/ref&gt; || 15 December 1975 ||  ||  || 15 December 1975 || 500 || 150 || 65 || 5 || Approved usage factor
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/32/45(SUPP) Decision 32/416]&lt;ref&gt;See page 238&lt;/ref&gt; || 2 December 1977 || [https://undocs.org/a/32/339 A/32/339] || || 25 October 1977 || 680 || 200 || 65 || 5 ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/35/44 35/44] || 1 December 1980 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/35/38 A/C.5/35/38] || [https://undocs.org/a/35/653 A/35/653] || 1 December 1980 || 950 || 280 || 65 || 5 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/247 40/247] || 18 December 1985 || [https://undocs.org/a/40/845 A/40/845] || [https://undocs.org/a/40/954 A/40/954] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/224 42/224] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/a/42/374 A/42/374] || [https://undocs.org/a/42/791 A/42/791] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
|  	 ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/44/500 A/44/500] || [https://undocs.org/a/44/725 A/44/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Overview of rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || [https://undocs.org/a/45/582 A/45/582] || [https://undocs.org/a/45/801 A/45/801] || 1 July 1991 || 988 || 291 || 65 || 5 || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E] || 17 June 1997 || [https://undocs.org/a/48/912 A/48/912] || [https://undocs.org/a/50/1012 A/50/1012] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for new survey
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/229 55/229] || 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/54/763 A/54/763] || [https://undocs.org/a/54/859 A/54/859] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request to [[Contingent-owned equipment|post-Phase V Working Group]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] || 14 June 2001 || [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815] || [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887] || 1 July 2001 || 1,008 || 297 || 66 || 5 || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] ||  ||  ||  || 1 Jan 2002 || 1,028 || 303 || 68 || 5	 || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252] || 20 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/a/60/725 A/60/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for updated methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285] || 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/63/697 A/63/697] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved new survey, which was never implemented
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Established SAG, approved supplemental payment of $85 million to T/PCCs for 2011/12
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved supplemental payment of $60 million to T/PCCs for 2012/13
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261] || 10 May 2013 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/713 A/67/713], [https://undocs.org/a/67/956 A/67/956] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/749 A/67/749] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/67/10 SAG recommendations] including new methodology and 6.75% supplemental payment to T/PCCs for 2013/14
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] || 30 June 2014 || [https://undocs.org/a/68/813 A/68/813] || [https://undocs.org/A/68/859 A/68/859] || 1 July 2014 || 1,332 ||  ||  ||  || First survey under new methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2016 || 1,365 ||  ||  ||  ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2017 || 1,410 ||  ||  ||  || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/728 A/72/728] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/771 A/72/771] || 1 July 2018 || 1,428 ||  ||  ||  || Second survey under new methodology
|}

== Withholding of reimbursement ==
The General Assembly authorized the withholding of reimbursement for disciplinary reasons, including [[sexual exploitation and abuse]], in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 resolution 65/289] of 30 June 2011&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 59&lt;/ref&gt;. In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 resolution 70/286] of 17 June 2016, the General Assembly decided that withheld reimbursements in substantiated cases of sexual exploitation and abuse would be transferred to the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 75: ''Highlights'' the importance of providing expeditious support to victims, notes with appreciation the establishment of the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, recalls paragraph59of its resolution 65/289, and decides  to  approve  the  transfer  of  withheld  payments  in  substantiated  cases  of sexual exploitation and abuse by civilian, military and police personnel to the Trust Fund;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>5185cb264dd226096e4b0fa8d88c8bad07e5faa8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>399</id>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11551" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations provides '''personnel reimbursement''' for the troop- and police-contributing countries on account of the military and police contingents deployed to United Nations peace operations. 

Since 1 July 2018, the reimbursement rate has been 1,428 United States dollars per person per month.&lt;ref&gt;Resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Principles of reimbursement ==
In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] of 14 June 2001, the General Assembly established the following elements and guidelines for the reimbursement system:
:(a) [[categories of personnel|Troops, formed civilian police units and staff officers]] serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations shall be reimbursed on an equal basis for identical services;
:(b) Reimbursement for troop costs shall take into consideration, inter alia, general principles such as simplicity, equity, transparency, comprehensiveness, portability, financial control and audit and confirmed delivery of specified services, all ow which shall be built into the [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] entered into by the United Nations with the participating States;
:(c) The data for this survey shall identify the common and essential additional costs from existing troop levels related to personnel that are incurred by troop-contributing countries due to their participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations…;
:(d) The methodology shall ensure that no double payment is made with respect to reimbursement between the various levels of [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]], components of troop costs and any other allowances;

== Current structure of reimbursement ==
The current reimbursement system has been in place since 1 July 2013, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013, which endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the '''Senior Advisory Group''' established pursuant to General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/10 A/C.5/67/10] Report of the Senior Advisory Group on rates of reimbursement to troop-contributing countries and other related issues &lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Survey ===
The General Assembly currently decides on the reimbursement rate based on the results of a quadrennial survey of a representative sample of troop- and police-contributing countries. The "common and essential additional costs" covered in the survey are (1) allowances; (2) clothing, gear and equipment; (3) pre-deployment medical expenses; and (4) inland travel.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 67&lt;/ref&gt; The sample consists of 10 of the top 20 contributors over the prior three-year period. These countries should be drawn from the four World Bank income categories (high, high-medium, low-medium and low) in proportion to the total number of troops and members of formed police units deployed from each of these income categories.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 62-63&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Deduction for absent or non-functioning equipment ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly endorsed the SAG recommendation that, "to the extent that major equipment specified in relevant [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]] is absent or non-functional, thereby affecting the ability of a contingent to perform the responsibilities required of it, the rate of reimbursement to the troop- or police-contributing countries be reduced proportionally". However, it also introduced a number of caveats, as follows:

:(a) No deduction will be applied until after two consecutive unsatisfactory quarterly contingent-owned equipment verification reports…;
:(b) No deduction will be made for major equipment that is absent or non-functional for reasons deemed by the Secretariat to be beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country; 
:(c) No deduction will be made related to absent or non-functional vehicles unless over 10 per cent of the vehicles specified in relevant memorandums of understanding are absent or non-functional;
:(d) Deduction on account of absent or non-functional contingent-owned equipment shall not exceed 35 per cent of reimbursements for any unit in any case; 

=== Risk premium ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly also endorsed the SAG recommendation "to award bonuses to individual units that are operating without restrictions and caveats imposed by troop- and police-contributing countries
and that have acquitted themselves well despite exceptional levels of risk. The annual aggregate amount of such awards would be no greater than an amount equal to a 10 per cent premium paid to 10 per cent of the average
number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year. Those awards would be paid at the conclusion of service directly to the relevant individual contingent members."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 111-113&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Enabling capabilities premium ===
The General Assembly also introduced a premium to be paid to incentivize the deployment of key enabling capabilities in high demand and short supply. As recommended by the SAG, "The Secretary-General would decide from time to
time and mission by mission which enabling capacities, if any, would qualify and the size of the premium in each case. The annual aggregate amount of such premiums would be no greater than an amount equal to a 15 per cent premium paid to 20 per cent of the average number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 114&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reimbursement rates ==
Personnel reimbursement rates are set by the General Assembly on the basis of deliberations within the [[Fifth Committee]]. The adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] set a four-year review cycle for personnel reimbursement rates by the General Assembly. Deliberations on personnel reimbursement are separate from those of reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|major equipment and self-sustainment]], which occur every three years on the basis of recommendations of the [[contingent-owned equipment#COE Working Group|Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Date !! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Effective date !! Base rate !! Supp. !! Kit !! Weap. !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/9631%5Bvol.I%5D(supp) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 140&lt;/ref&gt; || 29 November 1974 ||  ||  || 25 October 1973 || 500 || 150 ||  ||  || See A/PV.2303, para 128.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/10034(SUPP) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 148&lt;/ref&gt; || 15 December 1975 ||  ||  || 15 December 1975 || 500 || 150 || 65 || 5 || Approved usage factor
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/32/45(SUPP) Decision 32/416]&lt;ref&gt;See page 238&lt;/ref&gt; || 2 December 1977 || [https://undocs.org/a/32/339 A/32/339] || || 25 October 1977 || 680 || 200 || 65 || 5 ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/35/44 35/44] || 1 December 1980 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/35/38 A/C.5/35/38] || [https://undocs.org/a/35/653 A/35/653] || 1 December 1980 || 950 || 280 || 65 || 5 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/247 40/247] || 18 December 1985 || [https://undocs.org/a/40/845 A/40/845] || [https://undocs.org/a/40/954 A/40/954] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/224 42/224] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/a/42/374 A/42/374] || [https://undocs.org/a/42/791 A/42/791] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
|  	 ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/44/500 A/44/500] || [https://undocs.org/a/44/725 A/44/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Overview of rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || [https://undocs.org/a/45/582 A/45/582] || [https://undocs.org/a/45/801 A/45/801] || 1 July 1991 || 988 || 291 || 65 || 5 || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E] || 17 June 1997 || [https://undocs.org/a/48/912 A/48/912] || [https://undocs.org/a/50/1012 A/50/1012] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for new survey
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/229 55/229] || 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/54/763 A/54/763] || [https://undocs.org/a/54/859 A/54/859] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request to [[Contingent-owned equipment|post-Phase V Working Group]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] || 14 June 2001 || [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815] || [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887] || 1 July 2001 || 1,008 || 297 || 66 || 5 || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] ||  ||  ||  || 1 Jan 2002 || 1,028 || 303 || 68 || 5	 || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252] || 20 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/a/60/725 A/60/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for updated methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285] || 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/63/697 A/63/697] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved new survey, which was never implemented
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Established SAG, approved supplemental payment of $85 million to T/PCCs for 2011/12
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved supplemental payment of $60 million to T/PCCs for 2012/13
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261] || 10 May 2013 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/713 A/67/713], [https://undocs.org/a/67/956 A/67/956] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/749 A/67/749] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/67/10 SAG recommendations] including new methodology and 6.75% supplemental payment to T/PCCs for 2013/14
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] || 30 June 2014 || [https://undocs.org/a/68/813 A/68/813] || [https://undocs.org/A/68/859 A/68/859] || 1 July 2014 || 1,332 ||  ||  ||  || First survey under new methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2016 || 1,365 ||  ||  ||  ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2017 || 1,410 ||  ||  ||  || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/728 A/72/728] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/771 A/72/771] || 1 July 2018 || 1,428 ||  ||  ||  || Second survey under new methodology
|}

== Withholding of reimbursement ==
The General Assembly authorized the withholding of reimbursement for disciplinary reasons, including [[sexual exploitation and abuse]], in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 resolution 65/289] of 30 June 2011&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 59&lt;/ref&gt;. In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 resolution 70/286] of 17 June 2016, the General Assembly decided that withheld reimbursements in substantiated cases of sexual exploitation and abuse would be transferred to the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 75: ''Highlights'' the importance of providing expeditious support to victims, notes with appreciation the establishment of the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, recalls paragraph 59 of its resolution 65/289, and decides  to  approve  the  transfer  of  withheld  payments  in  substantiated  cases  of sexual exploitation and abuse by civilian, military and police personnel to the Trust Fund;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>475708efe090b1f924d859f648a2cf833504ad18</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20190704132245|355">
  <title>Document symbol</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* General Assembly documents with standardized symbols */ Added programme budget and CoC links</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="7922" xml:space="preserve">The '''document symbol''' is the unique identifier assigned to every official United Nations document. It identifies the organ associated with the document as well as the type of document.

== Syntax ==
Each document symbol has a number of components, separated by forward slashes (/). The first component identifies the associated organ, as such:
* '''A''':	General Assembly
* '''S''':	Security Council
* '''E''':	Economic and Social Council
* '''ST''':	Secretariat

The final component of the document symbol can be one or more of the following modifiers:
* Addendum
*: '''/Add.'''(number)
* Amendment: Alteration by decision of a competent authority, of a portion of an adopted formal text
*: '''/Amend.'''(number)	
* Corrigendum 
*: '''/Corr.'''(number)
* Revision (replacing texts previously issued)
*: '''/Rev.'''(number)
* Reissuance of a document for technical reasons
*: '''*'''	

=== General Assembly documents ===

* Report
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''A/RES/'''(session)'''/'''(resolution number)&lt;ref&gt;Before 1976, resolution numbers were not reset each session, and the symbol followed the following syntax: '''A/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(session number in roman numerals)''')'''&lt;/ref&gt;
* Proposal
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Official record
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/PV.'''(meeting number)

* Committee document
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Committee proposal
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Committee summary record
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/SR.'''(meeting number)

* Subsidiary body document
*: '''A/AC.'''(subsidiary body number)'''/'''(year)'''/'''(document number)&lt;ref&gt;For a list of subsidiary bodies and their numbers, see [https://undocs.org/ST/LIB/SER.B/5/Rev.5]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== General Assembly documents with standardized symbols ====
Some General Assembly documents are issued regularly with the same number, in the format '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number). These are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number   !! Report !! In use !! Notes
|-
| 1	|| Report of the Secretary-General of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 2 	|| Report of the Security Council || Yes ||
|-
| 3 	|| Report of the Economic and Social Council || Yes ||
|-
| 4 	|| Report of the International Court of Justice || Yes ||
|-
| 5 	|| Report of the [[Board of Auditors]] || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 6 	|| Proposed [[programme budget]] || Yes || Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 7 	|| Report of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] || Yes ||	Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 8	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || Yes || UN Habitat
|-
| 9	|| Report of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board || Yes ||
|-
| 10	|| Report of the International Law Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 11	|| Report of the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]] || Yes ||
|-
| 12	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || Yes ||
|-
| 13	|| Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || Yes || UNRWA
|-
| 14	||  || No ||
|-
| 15	||  || No ||
|-
| 16	|| Report of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] || Yes ||
|-
| 17	|| Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law || Yes ||
|-
| 18	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination || Yes ||
|-
| 19	|| Report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] || Yes || a.k.a. C34
|-
| 20	|| Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space || Yes ||
|-
| 21	|| Report of the Committee on Information || Yes ||
|-
| 23	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples || Yes || a.k.a C24
|-
| 24	|| Report of the United Nations Council for Namibia || No || Body defunct
|-
| 25	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme || No ||	Document now issued under UNEP symbol
|-
| 26	|| Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country || Yes ||
|-
| 27	|| Report of the Conference on Disarmament || Yes ||
|-
| 28	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference || No || Body defunct
|-
| 29	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean || Yes ||
|-
| 30	|| Report of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] || Yes ||
|-
| 32	|| Report of the Committee on Conferences || Yes ||
|-
| 33	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and the Strengthening of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 34	|| Report of the Joint Inspection Unit || Yes ||
|-
| 35	|| Report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People || Yes ||
|-
| 36	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || Yes ||
|-
| 37	|| Report of the Intergovernmental Committee on Science and Technology for Development || No || body defunct
|-
| 38	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women || Yes ||
|-
| 39	|| Report of the High-level Committee on the Review of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries || No || Later reports issued under TCDC symbol
|-
| 40	|| Report of the Human Rights Committee || Yes ||
|-
| 41	|| Report of the Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Principle of Non-Use of Force in International Relations || No || Body defunct
|-
| 42	|| Report of the Disarmament Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 43	||  ||  ||
|-
| 44	|| Report of the Committee against Torture || Yes ||
|-
| 45	||  ||  ||
|-
| 46	|| Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation || Yes ||
|-
| 47	||  ||  ||
|-
| 48	|| Report of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers And their Familes || Yes ||
|-
| 49	|| Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the General Assembly || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 50	|| Preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda  || Yes ||
|-
| 51	||  ||  ||
|-
| 52	||  ||  ||
|-
| 53	|| Report of the Human Rights Council || Yes ||
|-
| 54	||  ||  ||
|-
| 55	|| Report of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities || Yes ||
|-
| 56	|| Report of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances || Yes ||
|-
| 100	|| Annotated preliminary lists of items to be included in the provisional agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 150	|| Provisional agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 200	|| List of supplementary items proposed for inclusion in the agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 250	|| Organization of the ### regular session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 300	|| Notification by the Secretary-General under Article 12, paragraph 2, of the Charter || Yes ||
|}

=== Security Council documents ===
* Document
*: '''S/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''S/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(year)''')'''
* Presidential statement
*: '''S/PRST/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Meeting records
*: '''S/PV.'''(meeting number)

=== Secretariat documents ===
* [[Administrative issuances|Secretary-General's Bulletin]]
*: '''ST/SGB/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances|Administrative instruction]]
*: '''ST/IC/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Information circular
*: '''ST/IC/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Assessment of Member States
*: '''ST/ADM/SER.B/'''(number)

== Accessing documents ==
Official documents can be located through the Official Document System (ODS) website: [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org]. 

If you know the document symbol of the official document you are looking for, you can access it directly from [https://undocs.org undocs.org]/(document symbol)

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>dfd0a20f6fde8bac87ca7b36dfd1c4346bc69e72</sha1>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Secretariat documents */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="7917" xml:space="preserve">The '''document symbol''' is the unique identifier assigned to every official United Nations document. It identifies the organ associated with the document as well as the type of document.

== Syntax ==
Each document symbol has a number of components, separated by forward slashes (/). The first component identifies the associated organ, as such:
* '''A''':	General Assembly
* '''S''':	Security Council
* '''E''':	Economic and Social Council
* '''ST''':	Secretariat

The final component of the document symbol can be one or more of the following modifiers:
* Addendum
*: '''/Add.'''(number)
* Amendment: Alteration by decision of a competent authority, of a portion of an adopted formal text
*: '''/Amend.'''(number)	
* Corrigendum 
*: '''/Corr.'''(number)
* Revision (replacing texts previously issued)
*: '''/Rev.'''(number)
* Reissuance of a document for technical reasons
*: '''*'''	

=== General Assembly documents ===

* Report
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''A/RES/'''(session)'''/'''(resolution number)&lt;ref&gt;Before 1976, resolution numbers were not reset each session, and the symbol followed the following syntax: '''A/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(session number in roman numerals)''')'''&lt;/ref&gt;
* Proposal
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Official record
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/PV.'''(meeting number)

* Committee document
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Committee proposal
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Committee summary record
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/SR.'''(meeting number)

* Subsidiary body document
*: '''A/AC.'''(subsidiary body number)'''/'''(year)'''/'''(document number)&lt;ref&gt;For a list of subsidiary bodies and their numbers, see [https://undocs.org/ST/LIB/SER.B/5/Rev.5]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== General Assembly documents with standardized symbols ====
Some General Assembly documents are issued regularly with the same number, in the format '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number). These are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number   !! Report !! In use !! Notes
|-
| 1	|| Report of the Secretary-General of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 2 	|| Report of the Security Council || Yes ||
|-
| 3 	|| Report of the Economic and Social Council || Yes ||
|-
| 4 	|| Report of the International Court of Justice || Yes ||
|-
| 5 	|| Report of the [[Board of Auditors]] || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 6 	|| Proposed [[programme budget]] || Yes || Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 7 	|| Report of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] || Yes ||	Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 8	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || Yes || UN Habitat
|-
| 9	|| Report of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board || Yes ||
|-
| 10	|| Report of the International Law Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 11	|| Report of the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]] || Yes ||
|-
| 12	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || Yes ||
|-
| 13	|| Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || Yes || UNRWA
|-
| 14	||  || No ||
|-
| 15	||  || No ||
|-
| 16	|| Report of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] || Yes ||
|-
| 17	|| Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law || Yes ||
|-
| 18	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination || Yes ||
|-
| 19	|| Report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] || Yes || a.k.a. C34
|-
| 20	|| Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space || Yes ||
|-
| 21	|| Report of the Committee on Information || Yes ||
|-
| 23	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples || Yes || a.k.a C24
|-
| 24	|| Report of the United Nations Council for Namibia || No || Body defunct
|-
| 25	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme || No ||	Document now issued under UNEP symbol
|-
| 26	|| Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country || Yes ||
|-
| 27	|| Report of the Conference on Disarmament || Yes ||
|-
| 28	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference || No || Body defunct
|-
| 29	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean || Yes ||
|-
| 30	|| Report of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] || Yes ||
|-
| 32	|| Report of the Committee on Conferences || Yes ||
|-
| 33	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and the Strengthening of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 34	|| Report of the Joint Inspection Unit || Yes ||
|-
| 35	|| Report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People || Yes ||
|-
| 36	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || Yes ||
|-
| 37	|| Report of the Intergovernmental Committee on Science and Technology for Development || No || body defunct
|-
| 38	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women || Yes ||
|-
| 39	|| Report of the High-level Committee on the Review of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries || No || Later reports issued under TCDC symbol
|-
| 40	|| Report of the Human Rights Committee || Yes ||
|-
| 41	|| Report of the Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Principle of Non-Use of Force in International Relations || No || Body defunct
|-
| 42	|| Report of the Disarmament Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 43	||  ||  ||
|-
| 44	|| Report of the Committee against Torture || Yes ||
|-
| 45	||  ||  ||
|-
| 46	|| Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation || Yes ||
|-
| 47	||  ||  ||
|-
| 48	|| Report of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers And their Familes || Yes ||
|-
| 49	|| Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the General Assembly || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 50	|| Preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda  || Yes ||
|-
| 51	||  ||  ||
|-
| 52	||  ||  ||
|-
| 53	|| Report of the Human Rights Council || Yes ||
|-
| 54	||  ||  ||
|-
| 55	|| Report of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities || Yes ||
|-
| 56	|| Report of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances || Yes ||
|-
| 100	|| Annotated preliminary lists of items to be included in the provisional agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 150	|| Provisional agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 200	|| List of supplementary items proposed for inclusion in the agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 250	|| Organization of the ### regular session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 300	|| Notification by the Secretary-General under Article 12, paragraph 2, of the Charter || Yes ||
|}

=== Security Council documents ===
* Document
*: '''S/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''S/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(year)''')'''
* Presidential statement
*: '''S/PRST/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Meeting records
*: '''S/PV.'''(meeting number)

=== Secretariat documents ===
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/SGB/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/AI/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances#Information circulars|Information circular]]
*: '''ST/IC/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Assessment of Member States
*: '''ST/ADM/SER.B/'''(number)

== Accessing documents ==
Official documents can be located through the Official Document System (ODS) website: [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org]. 

If you know the document symbol of the official document you are looking for, you can access it directly from [https://undocs.org undocs.org]/(document symbol)

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>54798ec8069dc0e8b664914bf8d421e66fdf3775</sha1>
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    <text bytes="12390" xml:space="preserve">The [[administrative issuances|Secretary-General's Bulletin]] on the '''Organization of the Secretariat''' sets out the organizational structure of the Secretariat, the main coordination bodies, and the responsibilities of heads of departments/offices, programme managers and executive offices/administrative units. 

== Organization of the Secretariat ==
The current bulletin on the Organization of the Secretariat is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/3 '''ST/SGB/2015/3'''].

Previous bulletins:
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5], amended by [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/11 ST/SGB/2002/11]
* ST/SGB/Organization

== Departments and Offices ==

=== Current departments and offices ===
The bulletins for current departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Current bulletin !! Previous bulletins&lt;ref&gt;i.e. those issued after the abolishment of the Organization Manual by ST/SGB/1997/5&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| Executive Office of the Secretary-General || EOSG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/18 ST/SGB/1998/18] || N/A ||  
|-
| Department for General Assembly and Conference Management || DGACM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/9 ST/SGB/2005/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 ST/SGB/1997/6] || Renamed from Department of General Assembly and Conference Services
|-
| [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] || DPPA || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office for Disarmament Affairs || ODA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/8 ST/SGB/2008/8] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/12 ST/SGB/2004/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/10 ST/SGB/1998/10] ||
|-
| [[Department of Peace Operations]] || DPO || N/A || N/A || 
|-
| [[Department of Operational Support]] || DOS || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office of Legal Affairs || OLA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/13 ST/SGB/2008/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/12 ST/SGB/2006/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/8 ST/SGB/1997/8] ||
|-
| Department of Economic and Social Affairs || DESA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/9 ST/SGB/1997/9] || N/A ||
|- 
| Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development || UNCTAD || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/1 ST/SGB/1998/1] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme || UNEP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/21 ST/SGB/1999/21] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || UN-Habitat || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/14 ST/SGB/2002/14] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/22 ST/SGB/1999/22] || Renamed from United Nations Centre for Human Settlements on 1 January 2002&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/206 resolution 56/206]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Office on Drugs and Crime || UNODC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/6 ST/SGB/2004/6] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/17 ST/SGB/1998/17] || Renamed from United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention on 1 October 2002
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Africa || ECA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/12 ST/SGB/2005/12] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/4 ST/SGB/1998/4] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific || ESCAP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/11 ST/SGB/2005/11] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/12 ST/SGB/2000/12] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Europe || ECE || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/9 ST/SGB/2008/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/3 ST/SGB/1998/3] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean || ECLAC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/5 ST/SGB/2000/5] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia || ESCWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/7 ST/SGB/2010/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/16 ST/SGB/2002/16], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/1 ST/SGB/1999/1] ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || OHCHR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/10 ST/SGB/1997/10] || N/A ||
|-
| Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs || OCHA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/8 ST/SGB/1999/8] || N/A || Reorganized from the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) in 1998&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/950] Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Department of Global Communications || DGC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/10 ST/SGB/1999/10] || N/A || Renamed from Department of Public Information (DPI) on 1 January 2019
|-
| [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] || DMSPC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Geneva || UNOG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/4 ST/SGB/2000/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/14 ST/SGB/1999/14] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Vienna || UNOV || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/5 ST/SGB/2004/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/16 ST/SGB/1998/16] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Nairobi || UNON || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/3 ST/SGB/2009/3] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/7 ST/SGB/2008/7], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/13 ST/SGB/2000/13], ST/SGB/1999/20 ||
|-
| Office of Internal Oversight Services || OIOS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/7 ST/SGB/2002/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/2 ST/SGB/1998/2] ||
|-
| Department of Safety and Security || DSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] (OCSS), section 5 || Also referred to as UNDSS
|-
| Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States || OHRLLS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2007/7 ST/SGB/2007/7] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser on Africa || OSAA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/6 ST/SGB/2003/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict || OSRSG CAAC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict || OSRSG SVC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Ethics Office || N/A || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/22 ST/SGB/2005/22] || N/A ||
|- 
| United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services || UNOMS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/12 ST/SGB/2002/12] ||
|-
| Office of Administration of Justice || OAJ || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/3 ST/SGB/2010/3] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Partnerships || UNOP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/14 ST/SGB/2009/14] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction || UNDRR || N/A || N/A || Short form was UNISDR until March 2019
|}

=== Departments and offices formerly part of the Secretariat ===
The bulletins for entities no longer considered part of the Secretariat are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || UNRWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/6 ST/SGB/2000/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || UNHCR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/9 ST/SGB/1998/9] || N/A ||
|}

=== Defunct departments and offices ===
The bulletins for select defunct departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| [[Department of Political Affairs ]] || DPA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13 ST/SGB/2009/13] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/10 ST/SGB/2000/10], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/14 ST/SGB/1998/14], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/7 ST/SGB/1997/7] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] || DPKO || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/1 ST/SGB/2010/2] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Field Support]] || DFS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2] || N/A || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Management]] || DM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/8 ST/SGB/2005/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/15 ST/SGB/2003/15], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/11 ST/SGB/1997/11] || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts || OPPBA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/13 ST/SGB/1998/13] || 
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Human Resources Management || OHRM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/8 ST/SGB/2004/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/12 ST/SGB/1998/12] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Central Support Services || OCSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Information and Communications Technology || OICT || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] || N/A || New OICT reports to [[DMSPC]] and [[DOS]]
|-
| Peacebuilding Support Office || PBSO || N/A || N/A || Merged into new [[DPPA]]
|-
| United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace || UNOSDP || N/A || N/A || Closed in 2017
|}

== Organizational Nomenclature ==
The norms established for organizational nomenclature are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! Level
! Element
! Description&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1
| Department, Secretariat or Office
| A minimum of 30 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an Under-Secretary-General. For regional commissions, the title of Executive Secretary is used.&lt;ref&gt;As noted in paragraph 6 of [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6], “In addition to the use of the terms secretariat, office and centre to designated hierarchical levels 1 and 2 respectively, it was recognized that these terms would have to continue to be used on the basis of established practice (e.g. United Nations Information Centres) or to designate the immediate staff attached to senior officials of the Secretariat or bodies such as functional commissions, boards, committees, etc. The working group recommended, however, and the Secretary-General has agreed that the use of the term “office” in the generic sense should be limited to use only at hierarchical level 3 (division) and above.”&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2
| Centre
| A minimum of 20 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-2 level, and exceptionally at the ASG level. The term is to be used in exceptional circumstances, e.g., as a result of a decision of the General Assembly or other organs.
|-
| 3
| Division
| A minimum of 15 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Director at the D-2 level. (For regional commissions, a minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Chief at the D-1 level.)
|-
| 4
| Branch/Service
| A minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-1 level with the title “Head of Branch”. The term “Service” is to be used for elements whose work is essentially of an administrative support or service nature. The terms “Branch/Service” should not be used in the regional commissions.
|-
| 5
| Section
| A minimum of four posts in the Professional category, headed by a Chief at the P-5 or P-4 level.
|-
| 6
| Unit
| A minimum of four posts and headed by Chief of Unit. For use of the term, there should be a demonstrated need for a designated supervisor and for recognition outside the department/office.
|}

In cases where an organizational element meets the criterion of number of posts, but the level of the head is above the criteria for that level, more weight should be given to number of posts than to level of head.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Administrative issuances]]

== References ==

[[category:Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12765" xml:space="preserve">The [[administrative issuances|Secretary-General's Bulletin]] on the '''Organization of the Secretariat''' sets out the organizational structure of the Secretariat, the main coordination bodies, and the responsibilities of heads of departments/offices, programme managers and executive offices/administrative units. 

== Organization of the Secretariat ==
The current bulletin on the Organization of the Secretariat is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/3 '''ST/SGB/2015/3'''].

Previous bulletins:
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5], amended by [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/11 ST/SGB/2002/11]
* ST/SGB/Organization

== Departments and offices ==

=== Current departments and offices ===
The bulletins for current departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Current bulletin !! Previous bulletins&lt;ref&gt;i.e. those issued after the abolishment of the Organization Manual by ST/SGB/1997/5&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| Executive Office of the Secretary-General || EOSG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/18 ST/SGB/1998/18] || N/A ||  
|-
| Department for General Assembly and Conference Management || DGACM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/9 ST/SGB/2005/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 ST/SGB/1997/6] || Renamed from Department of General Assembly and Conference Services
|-
| [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] || DPPA || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office for Disarmament Affairs || ODA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/8 ST/SGB/2008/8] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/12 ST/SGB/2004/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/10 ST/SGB/1998/10] ||
|-
| [[Department of Peace Operations]] || DPO || N/A || N/A || 
|-
| [[Department of Operational Support]] || DOS || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office of Legal Affairs || OLA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/13 ST/SGB/2008/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/12 ST/SGB/2006/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/8 ST/SGB/1997/8] ||
|-
| Department of Economic and Social Affairs || DESA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/9 ST/SGB/1997/9] || N/A ||
|- 
| Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development || UNCTAD || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/1 ST/SGB/1998/1] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme || UNEP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/21 ST/SGB/1999/21] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || UN-Habitat || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/14 ST/SGB/2002/14] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/22 ST/SGB/1999/22] || Renamed from United Nations Centre for Human Settlements on 1 January 2002&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/206 resolution 56/206]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Office on Drugs and Crime || UNODC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/6 ST/SGB/2004/6] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/17 ST/SGB/1998/17] || Renamed from United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention on 1 October 2002
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Africa || ECA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/12 ST/SGB/2005/12] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/4 ST/SGB/1998/4] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific || ESCAP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/11 ST/SGB/2005/11] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/12 ST/SGB/2000/12] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Europe || ECE || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/9 ST/SGB/2008/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/3 ST/SGB/1998/3] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean || ECLAC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/5 ST/SGB/2000/5] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia || ESCWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/7 ST/SGB/2010/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/16 ST/SGB/2002/16], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/1 ST/SGB/1999/1] ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || OHCHR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/10 ST/SGB/1997/10] || N/A ||
|-
| Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs || OCHA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/8 ST/SGB/1999/8] || N/A || Reorganized from the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) in 1998&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/950] Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Department of Global Communications || DGC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/10 ST/SGB/1999/10] || N/A || Renamed from Department of Public Information (DPI) on 1 January 2019
|-
| [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] || DMSPC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Geneva || UNOG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/4 ST/SGB/2000/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/14 ST/SGB/1999/14] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Vienna || UNOV || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/5 ST/SGB/2004/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/16 ST/SGB/1998/16] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Nairobi || UNON || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/3 ST/SGB/2009/3] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/7 ST/SGB/2008/7], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/13 ST/SGB/2000/13], ST/SGB/1999/20 ||
|-
| Office of Internal Oversight Services || OIOS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/7 ST/SGB/2002/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/2 ST/SGB/1998/2] ||
|-
| Department of Safety and Security || DSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] (OCSS), section 5 || Also referred to as UNDSS
|-
| Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States || OHRLLS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2007/7 ST/SGB/2007/7] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser on Africa || OSAA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/6 ST/SGB/2003/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict || OSRSG CAAC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict || OSRSG SVC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Ethics Office || N/A || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/22 ST/SGB/2005/22] || N/A ||
|- 
| United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services || UNOMS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/12 ST/SGB/2002/12] ||
|-
| Office of Administration of Justice || OAJ || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/3 ST/SGB/2010/3] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Partnerships || UNOP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/14 ST/SGB/2009/14] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction || UNDRR || N/A || N/A || Short form was UNISDR until March 2019
|}

=== Departments and offices formerly part of the Secretariat ===
The bulletins for entities no longer considered part of the Secretariat are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || UNRWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/6 ST/SGB/2000/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || UNHCR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/9 ST/SGB/1998/9] || N/A ||
|}

=== Defunct departments and offices ===
The bulletins for select defunct departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| [[Department of Political Affairs ]] || DPA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13 ST/SGB/2009/13] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/10 ST/SGB/2000/10], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/14 ST/SGB/1998/14], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/7 ST/SGB/1997/7] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] || DPKO || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/1 ST/SGB/2010/2] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Field Support]] || DFS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2] || N/A || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Management]] || DM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/8 ST/SGB/2005/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/15 ST/SGB/2003/15], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/11 ST/SGB/1997/11] || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts || OPPBA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/13 ST/SGB/1998/13] || 
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Human Resources Management || OHRM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/8 ST/SGB/2004/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/12 ST/SGB/1998/12] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Central Support Services || OCSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Information and Communications Technology || OICT || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] || N/A || New OICT reports to [[DMSPC]] and [[DOS]]
|-
| Peacebuilding Support Office || PBSO || N/A || N/A || Merged into new [[DPPA]]
|-
| United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace || UNOSDP || N/A || N/A || Closed in 2017
|}

== Organizational nomenclature ==
The norms established for organizational nomenclature are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! Level
! Element
! Description&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1
| Department, Secretariat or Office
| A minimum of 30 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an Under-Secretary-General. For regional commissions, the title of Executive Secretary is used.&lt;ref&gt;As noted in paragraph 6 of [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6], “In addition to the use of the terms secretariat, office and centre to designated hierarchical levels 1 and 2 respectively, it was recognized that these terms would have to continue to be used on the basis of established practice (e.g. United Nations Information Centres) or to designate the immediate staff attached to senior officials of the Secretariat or bodies such as functional commissions, boards, committees, etc. The working group recommended, however, and the Secretary-General has agreed that the use of the term “office” in the generic sense should be limited to use only at hierarchical level 3 (division) and above.”&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2
| Centre
| A minimum of 20 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-2 level, and exceptionally at the ASG level. The term is to be used in exceptional circumstances, e.g., as a result of a decision of the General Assembly or other organs.
|-
| 3
| Division
| A minimum of 15 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Director at the D-2 level. (For regional commissions, a minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Chief at the D-1 level.)
|-
| 4
| Branch/Service
| A minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-1 level with the title “Head of Branch”. The term “Service” is to be used for elements whose work is essentially of an administrative support or service nature. The terms “Branch/Service” should not be used in the regional commissions.
|-
| 5
| Section
| A minimum of four posts in the Professional category, headed by a Chief at the P-5 or P-4 level.
|-
| 6
| Unit
| A minimum of four posts and headed by Chief of Unit. For use of the term, there should be a demonstrated need for a designated supervisor and for recognition outside the department/office.
|}

In cases where an organizational element meets the criterion of number of posts, but the level of the head is above the criteria for that level, more weight should be given to number of posts than to level of head.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Administrative issuances]]
=== Documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/32/17 A/C.5/32/17] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409], Annex: Guidelines for the preparation of ST/SGB/Organization

== References ==

[[category:Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190704132245|355">
  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="10319" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: "As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10324" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || 
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || 
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || 
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || 
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || 
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || 
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1]	|| Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]	|| Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Financial Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <text bytes="3744" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] as amended in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 '''Amend.1'''] to facilitate the new [[regulations and rules#Delegation of authority|delegation of authority]] framework entering into effect on 1 January 2019.

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). 

== Authority ==
'''Financial regulations''' are established by the General Assembly as per rule 152 of the General Assembly rules of procedure, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The General Assembly shall establish regulations for the financial administration of the United Nations.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Financial rules''' are established by the Secretary-General on the basis of Financial Regulation 5.8, which states (inter alia) that the Secretary-General shall: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) Establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Related documents ==
=== Delegation of authority ===
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules (until 31 December 2018)

=== Supplements ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/4/Amend.1 Amend.1] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees

=== Subordinate policies ===
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Administrative issuance</title>
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    <text bytes="2163" xml:space="preserve">Administrative policies are issued by the Secretary-General through the promulgation of '''administrative issuances''', which can be formally issued either as Secretary-General's bulletins ('''ST/SGB''') or as administrative instructions ('''ST/AI'''). 

== Administrative issuances ==
There are two types of administrative issuances.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) are issued for various reasons, including to communicate the text of [[regulations and rules]], to communicate decisions on policy and to provide information on the functions and organization of the Secretariat and its constituent entities. 

* '''Administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series) are issued to promulgate instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules. 

The procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances are covered in [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2009/4 '''ST/SGB/2009/4''']. An OIOS audit of the process for promulgating administrative issuances was conducted in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[https://oios.un.org/page/download/id/703 2017/064] Audit of the process of promulgating administrative issuances in the United Nations Secretariat&lt;/ref&gt;

An index of all administrative issuances is issued regularly. The most recent edition is [https://undocs.org/st/ic/2019/1 '''ST/IC/2019/1'''].

== Information circulars ==
Information circulars (ST/IC-series) are documents issued by the Secretariat containing general information on, or explanation of, established rules, policies and procedures, as well as isolated announcements of one-time or temporary interest. They are not used for promulgating new rules, policies or procedures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/2 ST/SGB/1997/2] Information circulars&lt;/ref&gt;

An index of all information circulars is issued regularly. The most recent edition is [https://undocs.org/st/ic/2019/2 '''ST/IC/2019/2'''].

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Document symbol]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="5467" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || Resources for MINUJUSTH and UNAMID approved for 6 months
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="962" xml:space="preserve">United Nations police, or UNPOL, are frequently deployed as part of peacekeeping missions. UNPOL generally fall into two categories: individual police officers (IPOs) and members of formed police units (FPU).

== Reports of the Secretary-General ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/66/615 A/66/615] (2011) United Nations police
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/952 S/2016/952] United Nations policing
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1183 S/2018/1183] United Nations policing

== Relevant policies ==
* 2018.04 Community-oriented policing manual
* 2017.09 SOP on assessment of formed police units
* 2016.10 Policy on formed police units
* 2015.15 Guidelines on police operations
* 2015.14 Guidelines on police command
* 2015.08 Guidelines on police capacity-building and development
* 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in peacekeeping operations and special political missions

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]

[[Category: Mandated tasks]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2262" xml:space="preserve">'''United Nations police''', or UNPOL, are frequently deployed as part of peacekeeping missions. UNPOL generally fall into two categories: individual police officers (IPOs) and members of formed police units (FPU).

In larger missions, the head of the '''police component''' is the Police Commissioner.  

== Reports of the Secretary-General ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/66/615 A/66/615] (2011) United Nations police
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/952 S/2016/952] United Nations policing
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1183 S/2018/1183] United Nations policing

== Relevant policies ==
* 2018.04 Community-oriented policing manual
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400667 2017.14] Police Monitoring, Mentoring and Advising in Peace Operations (Manual)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400666 2017.13] Mission-based police planning in peace operations (Manual)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400658 2017.12] Guidelines on the role of UNPOL in [[protection of civilians]]
* 2017.09 SOP on assessment of formed police units
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400562 2016.26] Guidelines on police administration in United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions 
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10] Policy on formed police units in United Nations peacekeeping operations
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387383 2015.15] Guidelines on police operations in United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387384 2015.14] Guidelines on police command in United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/90511 2015.08] Guidelines on police capacity-building and development
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01] Policy on United Nations Police in peacekeeping operations and special political missions

In some cases, military units may perform tasks similar to those of the police component.
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/96199 Military Police manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400555 2016.23] Military Support for public order management in peacekeeping operations

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Military component]]

[[Category: Mandated tasks]]</text>
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  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
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    <text bytes="6180" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Includes AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
=== Financing ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations

=== Cooperation with the AU ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3113" xml:space="preserve">'''Liquidation''' is the process of closing down a mission. Liquidation generally occurs in two tracks. Technical liquidation is the physical closure of the mission while administrative liquidation, which is a longer-term process, is only completed after all assets are accounted for and a final performance report has been considered by the General Assembly. In colloquial usage, the term "liquidation" is generally used to describe technical liquidation.

== Asset disposal ==
Asset disposal is a significant part of technical liquidation, and is governed by [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulation]] 5.14. Asset disposal is performed on the basis of an asset disposal plan (ADP); as part of the ADP, United Nations-owned equipment (UNOE) is grouped into five categories of equipment:

* '''Group I''' 
*: Equipment in good condition that will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or placed in [[United Nations reserve|reserve]] for use by future missions.&lt;ref&gt;Regulation 5.14 (a)&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Group II'''
*: Equipment to be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions (e.g. [[special political missions]]), provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment.&lt;ref&gt;Regulation 5.14 (b)&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Group III'''
*: Equipment to be sold to [[United Nations country team|other United Nations agencies]], international organizations or non-governmental organizations.&lt;ref&gt;Regulation 5.14 (c)&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Group IV'''
*: Equipment not required or which is not feasible to be disposed of in groups I-III and which will therefore be subject to commercial disposal.&lt;ref&gt;Regulation 5.14 (d)&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Group V'''
*: Assets installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation  of that country, e.g. airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mine clearing equipment. Such assets are to be provided to the Government in return for agreed compensation or—with the prior approval of the General Assembly—contributed free of charge.

== Policies ==
The Liquidation Manual was last issued in 2012 and has since been superseded by guidelines for field entity closure:

* 2018.08 Guide for senior leadership on field entity closure
* 2018.09 Guidelines on end of mission report
* 2018.10 Transition process map in a closing mission
* 2018.11 Mission support division map for planning and conducting field entity closure (guidelines)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400912 2018.23] Closure task force organigram (guidelines)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400913 2018.24] Mission support division team organigram (guidelines)
* 2018.25 Guidelines on handover and checklist from mission to DOS/finance and budget units
* 2018.26 Guidelines for the development of mission support division closure plan
* 2018.27 Guidelines for the development of mission support division closure progress report
* 2019.07 Standard operating procedure for paper and digital records and archives for field entity closure

== See also ==
* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Development system reform</title>
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    <text bytes="3573" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of UN country teams''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A '''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator''' system with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Implementation of resolution 71/243 on QCPR; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Peacebuilding</title>
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    <text bytes="10364" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly decided to establish both as part of the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years. 

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Annual reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
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    <text bytes="2436" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2980" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' and '''[[Restructuring of the Secretariat]]''' (1992) 
: Re-positioned the UN to more effectively address peace and security issues after the Cold War; established the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]].
* '''The [[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* [[Peacebuilding#Civilian capacity review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
: Proposed measures to improve United Nations approaches to peacebuilding
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding#Key reports and resolutions|Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="657" xml:space="preserve">casquebleu.org is intended as a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. '''This is not an official United Nations website'''.

=== Indexes ===
[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1319" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Indexes ===
[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

=== Beta ===

[[:Category:Policy Compendium|Policy Compendium]]</text>
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  <title>Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials</title>
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    <text bytes="375" xml:space="preserve">The '''Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission''' were issued as [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 '''ST/SGB/2002/9'''] (18 June 2002).

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Categories of personnel]]

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11910" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either tasks that are of a more analytical or conceptual nature or tasks that are in general procedural, operational and technical&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4 Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations
common system &lt;/ref&gt;. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Descriptions of the various categories are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the Noblemaire principle). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the Flemming principle) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== Seconded military and police personnel ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11918" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either tasks that are of a more analytical or conceptual nature or tasks that are in general procedural, operational and technical&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4 Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations
common system &lt;/ref&gt;. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Descriptions of the various categories are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== Seconded military and police personnel ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Staff Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <text bytes="2789" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="118" xml:space="preserve">Articles in this category relate to human resources management and conditions of service for United Nations personnel.</text>
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    <text bytes="2935" xml:space="preserve">The '''Noblemaire principle''' is basis used for the determination of conditions of service of staff in the Professional and higher categories. 

Under the application of the Noblemaire principle, salaries of the Professional category are determined by reference to those applicable in the civil service of the country with the highest pay levels (the "comparator").  The
United States federal civil service has been used as the comparator since the inception of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

== History ==
In 1921, the Council of the League of Nations appointed a committee of five experts "to examine the organisation of the Permanent Secretariat and the International Labour Office"&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations, Official Journal 1921, pages 113-114 and 651-652&lt;/ref&gt;. This committee, chaired by the French diplomat Georges Noblemaire, established what is now known as the Noblemaire principle, to govern the salaries and conditions of service for the Permanent Secretariat of the League of Nations. The same principle was carried over to govern conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff in the United Nations Secretariat.

== Net remuneration margin ==
The relationship between the remuneration (base salary plus [[post adjustment]]) of United Nations staff in the Professional and higher categories and staff in the U.S. federal civil service is measured through the net remuneration margin, which is the average percentage difference in the remuneration of the two civil services, adjusted for the cost-of-living differential between New York and Washington, DC&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

In practice, the level of remuneration of the Professional and higher categories is maintained within a range above those of equivalent grades of the U.S. federal civil service with a midpoint of 15 per cent; this is based on a decision of the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/244 resolution 40/244] of 18 December 1985, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;2. ''Approves'' the range of 110 to 120, with a desirable midpoint of 115, for the margin between the net remuneration of officials in the Professional and higher categories of the United Nations in New York and that of officials in comparable positions in the United States federal civil service, on the understanding that the margin would be maintained at a level around the desirable mid-point of 115 over a period of time;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Flemming principle]] (the similar principle governing the conditions of service for staff in the General Service and other locally recruited categories)

== References ==

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    <text bytes="2993" xml:space="preserve">The '''Noblemaire principle''' is basis used for the determination of conditions of service of staff in the [[categories of personnel|Professional and higher categories]]. 

Under the application of the Noblemaire principle, salaries of the Professional category are determined by reference to those applicable in the civil service of the country with the highest pay levels (the "comparator").  The
United States federal civil service has been used as the comparator since the inception of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

== History ==
In 1921, the Council of the League of Nations appointed a committee of five experts "to examine the organisation of the Permanent Secretariat and the International Labour Office"&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations, Official Journal 1921, pages 113-114 and 651-652&lt;/ref&gt;. This committee, chaired by the French diplomat Georges Noblemaire, established what is now known as the Noblemaire principle, to govern the salaries and conditions of service for the Permanent Secretariat of the League of Nations. The same principle was carried over to govern conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff in the United Nations Secretariat.

== Net remuneration margin ==
The relationship between the remuneration (base salary plus [[post adjustment]]) of United Nations staff in the Professional and higher categories and staff in the U.S. federal civil service is measured through the net remuneration margin, which is the average percentage difference in the remuneration of the two civil services, adjusted for the cost-of-living differential between New York and Washington, DC&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

In practice, the level of remuneration of the Professional and higher categories is maintained within a range above those of equivalent grades of the U.S. federal civil service with a midpoint of 15 per cent; this is based on a decision of the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/244 resolution 40/244] of 18 December 1985, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;2. ''Approves'' the range of 110 to 120, with a desirable midpoint of 115, for the margin between the net remuneration of officials in the Professional and higher categories of the United Nations in New York and that of officials in comparable positions in the United States federal civil service, on the understanding that the margin would be maintained at a level around the desirable mid-point of 115 over a period of time;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Flemming principle]] (the similar principle governing the conditions of service for staff in the General Service and other locally recruited categories)
* [[Categories of personnel]]

== References ==

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="3933" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of sixteen members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the Fifth Committee. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the 

established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)] and the current sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103]. 

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

In current practice, three members come from the African Group, four from the Asian Group, two from the Eastern European Group, three from the Latin America and the Caribbean Group and four from the Western Europe and Others Group.

== See also ==
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>Flemming principle</title>
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    <text bytes="932" xml:space="preserve">The '''Flemming principle''' is the basis used for the determination of conditions of service of the [[categories of personnel|General Service and other locally recruited categories]] of staff. Under the application of the Flemming principle, General Service conditions of employment are based on best prevailing local conditions. 

The principle is named after Mr. Arthur Flemming, who served as chair of the Committee of Experts on Salary, Allowance, and Leave Systems in whose report the principle was first articulated&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/c.5/331 A/C.5/331] Report of the Committee of Experts on Salary, Allowance, and Leave Systems (see chapter III)&lt;/ref&gt;.

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Noblemaire principle]] (the principle governing the conditions of service for staff in the Professional and higher categories)
* [[Categories of personnel]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
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    <text bytes="3314" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''V. Utilization of Funds''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management''' &gt;&gt; '''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''' 

== Regulation 5.14 ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:
:(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;
:(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;
:(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;
:(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property;
:(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.
A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== History ==

This regulation was originally proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573]. It has not been subsequently amended.

An amendment to the regulation was proposed as part of the amendments to the Financial Regulations and Rules proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/73/717 A/73/717],  but these proposals were not acted upon by the General Assembly. 

== Associated Rules ==

There are no rules associated with this regulation.

== Associated Guidance ==

* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400908 2018.08] Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure&lt;ref&gt;2018.08 and associated guidance replaced the earlier DPKO/DFS Liquidation Manual (2012.18)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400915 2018.26] Development of Mission/Field Entity Support Division Closure Plan

== See also ==

* [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Rules)]] 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3314" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''V. Utilization of Funds''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management''' &gt;&gt; '''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''' 

== Regulation 5.14 ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:
:(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;
:(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;
:(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;
:(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property;
:(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.
A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== History ==

This regulation was originally proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573]. It has not been subsequently amended.

An amendment to the regulation was proposed as part of the amendments to the Financial Regulations and Rules proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/73/717 A/73/717],  but these proposals were not acted upon by the General Assembly. 

== Associated Rules ==

There are no rules associated with this regulation.

== Associated Guidance ==

* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400908 2018.08] Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure&lt;ref&gt;2018.08 and associated guidance replaced the earlier DPKO/DFS Liquidation Manual (2012.18)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400915 2018.26] Development of Mission/Field Entity Support Division Closure Plan

== See also ==

* [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Rules)]] 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>4ac94f85f3293c9bc4888b84651e4cb2c82f083f</sha1>
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    <text bytes="3314" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''V. Utilization of Funds''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management''' &gt;&gt; '''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''' 

== Regulation 5.14 ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:
:(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;
:(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;
:(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;
:(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property;
:(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.
A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Associated rules ==

There are no rules associated with this regulation.

== Associated guidance ==

* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400908 2018.08] Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure&lt;ref&gt;2018.08 and associated guidance replaced the earlier DPKO/DFS Liquidation Manual (2012.18)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400915 2018.26] Development of Mission/Field Entity Support Division Closure Plan

== History ==

This regulation was originally proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573]. It has not been subsequently amended.

An amendment to the regulation was proposed as part of the amendments to the Financial Regulations and Rules proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/73/717 A/73/717],  but these proposals were not acted upon by the General Assembly. 

== See also ==

* [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Rules)]] 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>29713e347c4135f3aa7c9c2bdb5cf2a2b9640fc4</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <text bytes="3313" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''V. Utilization of Funds''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management''' &gt;&gt; '''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''' 

== Text ==
: '''Regulation 5.14'''&lt;ref&gt;There are no rules associated with this regulation.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:
:(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;
:(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;
:(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;
:(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property;
:(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.
A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Associated guidance ==

* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400908 2018.08] Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure&lt;ref&gt;2018.08 and associated guidelines replace the earlier DPKO/DFS Liquidation Manual (2012.18)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400915 2018.26] Development of Mission/Field Entity Support Division Closure Plan

== History ==

This regulation was originally proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573]. It has not been subsequently amended.

An amendment to the regulation was proposed as part of the amendments to the Financial Regulations and Rules proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/73/717 A/73/717],  but these proposals were not acted upon by the General Assembly. 

== See also ==

* [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Rules)]] 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>b9437aa5146793e60bf8693a0c9606f14e6ee4d9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>425</id>
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    <text bytes="3430" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Property Management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|D. Property Management]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''' 

== Text ==
: '''Regulation 5.14'''&lt;ref&gt;There are no rules associated with this regulation.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:
:(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;
:(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;
:(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;
:(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property;
:(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.
A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Associated guidance ==

* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400908 2018.08] Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure&lt;ref&gt;2018.08 and associated guidelines replace the earlier DPKO/DFS Liquidation Manual (2012.18)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400915 2018.26] Development of Mission/Field Entity Support Division Closure Plan

== History ==

This regulation was originally proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573]. It has not been subsequently amended.

An amendment to the regulation was proposed as part of the amendments to the Financial Regulations and Rules proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/73/717 A/73/717],  but these proposals were not acted upon by the General Assembly. 

== See also ==

* [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Rules)]] 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>01caf168d9e975e2b6c58318714656e89d2877f8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>427</id>
    <parentid>425</parentid>
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    <text bytes="3859" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Property Management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|D. Property Management]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''' 

== Text ==
: '''Regulation 5.14'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4/amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;There are no rules associated with this regulation. &lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:
:(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;
:(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;
:(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;
:(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property;
:(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.
A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Delegation of authority ==
The following authorities are delegated '''to heads of entities''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex III of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]:
* Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (except for real property)
* Disposition of real property of peacekeeping operations

== Associated guidance ==

* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400908 2018.08] Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure&lt;ref&gt;2018.08 and associated guidelines replace the earlier DPKO/DFS Liquidation Manual (2012.18)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400915 2018.26] Development of Mission/Field Entity Support Division Closure Plan

== History ==

This regulation was originally proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573]. It has not been subsequently amended.

An amendment to the regulation was proposed as part of the amendments to the Financial Regulations and Rules proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/73/717 A/73/717],  but these proposals were not acted upon by the General Assembly. 

== See also ==

* [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Rules)]] 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>802fbfd4fabc7c4866141afd3aa63237ac1bc807</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>432</id>
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    <text bytes="3873" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Property Management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|D. Property Management]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''' 

== Text ==
: '''Regulation 5.14'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4/amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;There are no rules associated with this regulation. &lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:
:(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;
:(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;
:(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;
:(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property;
:(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.
A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Delegation of authority ==
The following authorities are delegated '''to heads of entities''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex III of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]:
* Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (except for real property)
* Disposition of real property of peacekeeping operations

== Associated guidance ==

* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400908 2018.08] Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure&lt;ref&gt;2018.08 and associated guidelines replace the earlier DPKO/DFS Liquidation Manual (2012.18)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400915 2018.26] Development of Mission/Field Entity Support Division Closure Plan

== History ==

This regulation was originally proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573]. It has not been subsequently amended.

An amendment to the regulation was proposed as part of the amendments to the Financial Regulations and Rules proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/73/717 A/73/717],  but these proposals were not acted upon by the General Assembly. 

== See also ==

* [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Rules)]] 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
    <sha1>be5bec037aa930a27e9d061566b104ccfb4bd669</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>General provisions (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3230" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''I. General provisions'''

== Applicability and authority ==
=== Regulation 1.1 ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;These Regulations shall govern the financial administration of the United Nations, including the International Court of Justice.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
=== Rule 101.1 === 
&lt;blockquote&gt;The Financial Rules are promulgated by the Secretary-General in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Regulations approved by the General Assembly. They shall govern all the financial management activities of the United Nations except as may otherwise explicitly be provided by the Assembly or unless specifically exempted therefrom by the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General may delegate authority and responsibility for the implementation of specified aspects of the Financial Regulations and Rules to those officials whom the Secretary-General designates and who shall be accountable to the Secretary-General for the effective and efficient stewardship of the Organization’s resources and the exercise of economy. The Secretary-General shall issue written instructions to such officials on the further delegation of authority for specified aspects of the Financial Regulations and Rules. Such written instructions will state whether the delegated official may further assign and delegate aspects of this authority to other officials. In the application of the Financial Regulations and Rules, officials shall be guided by the principles of effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Responsibility and accountability ==
=== Rule 101.2 ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;All United Nations staff are obligated to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules and with administrative instructions issued in connection with those Regulations and Rules. Any staff member who contravenes the Financial Regulations and Rules or corresponding administrative instructions may be held personally accountable and financially liable for his or her actions.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Definitions ==
=== Rule 101.3 &lt;ref&gt;Amended in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt; ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;For the purpose of these Rules, “Advisory Committee” shall mean the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== History ==

Regulation 1.1 was adopted by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950.

Rule 101.2 was established by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] following the approval by the General Assembly in its decision [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) 57/573] of revisions to the Financial Regulations, as proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/57/396 A/57/396].

Rule 101.1 and 101.3 were amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management and delegation of authority through the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>e017b4314f6dda3739edb82ee960ae01bd6e2cb5</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>423</id>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Changed formatting</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3162" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''I. General provisions'''

== Text ==
=== Applicability and authority ===
: '''Regulation 1.1''' 
&lt;blockquote&gt;These Regulations shall govern the financial administration of the United Nations, including the International Court of Justice.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
: '''Rule 101.1'''  
&lt;blockquote&gt;The Financial Rules are promulgated by the Secretary-General in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Regulations approved by the General Assembly. They shall govern all the financial management activities of the United Nations except as may otherwise explicitly be provided by the Assembly or unless specifically exempted therefrom by the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General may delegate authority and responsibility for the implementation of specified aspects of the Financial Regulations and Rules to those officials whom the Secretary-General designates and who shall be accountable to the Secretary-General for the effective and efficient stewardship of the Organization’s resources and the exercise of economy. The Secretary-General shall issue written instructions to such officials on the further delegation of authority for specified aspects of the Financial Regulations and Rules. Such written instructions will state whether the delegated official may further assign and delegate aspects of this authority to other officials. In the application of the Financial Regulations and Rules, officials shall be guided by the principles of effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Responsibility and accountability ===
: '''Rule 101.2'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;All United Nations staff are obligated to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules and with administrative instructions issued in connection with those Regulations and Rules. Any staff member who contravenes the Financial Regulations and Rules or corresponding administrative instructions may be held personally accountable and financially liable for his or her actions.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Definitions ===
: '''Rule 101.3'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;For the purpose of these Rules, “Advisory Committee” shall mean the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== History ==

Regulation 1.1 was adopted by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950.

Rule 101.2 was established by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] following the approval by the General Assembly in its decision [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) 57/573] of revisions to the Financial Regulations, as proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/57/396 A/57/396].

Rule 101.1 and 101.3 were amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management and delegation of authority through the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>530d1c2b578e3cc3c4f88f8ecba6cb2d60b49c58</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>428</id>
    <parentid>423</parentid>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added references</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3427" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''I. General provisions'''

== Text ==
=== Applicability and authority ===
: '''Regulation 1.1'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;These Regulations shall govern the financial administration of the United Nations, including the International Court of Justice.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
: '''Rule 101.1'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;The Financial Rules are promulgated by the Secretary-General in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Regulations approved by the General Assembly. They shall govern all the financial management activities of the United Nations except as may otherwise explicitly be provided by the Assembly or unless specifically exempted therefrom by the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General may delegate authority and responsibility for the implementation of specified aspects of the Financial Regulations and Rules to those officials whom the Secretary-General designates and who shall be accountable to the Secretary-General for the effective and efficient stewardship of the Organization’s resources and the exercise of economy. The Secretary-General shall issue written instructions to such officials on the further delegation of authority for specified aspects of the Financial Regulations and Rules. Such written instructions will state whether the delegated official may further assign and delegate aspects of this authority to other officials. In the application of the Financial Regulations and Rules, officials shall be guided by the principles of effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Responsibility and accountability ===
: '''Rule 101.2'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;All United Nations staff are obligated to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules and with administrative instructions issued in connection with those Regulations and Rules. Any staff member who contravenes the Financial Regulations and Rules or corresponding administrative instructions may be held personally accountable and financially liable for his or her actions.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Definitions ===
: '''Rule 101.3'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;For the purpose of these Rules, “Advisory Committee” shall mean the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== History ==

Regulation 1.1 was adopted by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950.

Rule 101.2 was established by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] following the approval by the General Assembly in its decision [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) 57/573] of revisions to the Financial Regulations, as proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/57/396 A/57/396].

Rule 101.1 and 101.3 were amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management and delegation of authority through the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>21e72bea513201a4d3c7321c3edd457ff1ddf151</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>431</id>
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    <comment>Changed category to policy compendium</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3441" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''I. General provisions'''

== Text ==
=== Applicability and authority ===
: '''Regulation 1.1'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;These Regulations shall govern the financial administration of the United Nations, including the International Court of Justice.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
: '''Rule 101.1'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;The Financial Rules are promulgated by the Secretary-General in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Regulations approved by the General Assembly. They shall govern all the financial management activities of the United Nations except as may otherwise explicitly be provided by the Assembly or unless specifically exempted therefrom by the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General may delegate authority and responsibility for the implementation of specified aspects of the Financial Regulations and Rules to those officials whom the Secretary-General designates and who shall be accountable to the Secretary-General for the effective and efficient stewardship of the Organization’s resources and the exercise of economy. The Secretary-General shall issue written instructions to such officials on the further delegation of authority for specified aspects of the Financial Regulations and Rules. Such written instructions will state whether the delegated official may further assign and delegate aspects of this authority to other officials. In the application of the Financial Regulations and Rules, officials shall be guided by the principles of effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Responsibility and accountability ===
: '''Rule 101.2'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;All United Nations staff are obligated to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules and with administrative instructions issued in connection with those Regulations and Rules. Any staff member who contravenes the Financial Regulations and Rules or corresponding administrative instructions may be held personally accountable and financially liable for his or her actions.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Definitions ===
: '''Rule 101.3'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;For the purpose of these Rules, “Advisory Committee” shall mean the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== History ==

Regulation 1.1 was adopted by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950.

Rule 101.2 was established by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] following the approval by the General Assembly in its decision [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) 57/573] of revisions to the Financial Regulations, as proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/57/396 A/57/396].

Rule 101.1 and 101.3 were amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management and delegation of authority through the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
    <sha1>441cf4c55d458e59a63f96920db5913dad2906d0</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>Property Management (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management'''   == Sub-..."</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1162" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management''' 

== Sub-sections ==
* [[Authority and responsibility (Financial Regulations and Rules)|'''Authority and responsibility''']]
** Rule 105.20
** Rule 105.21
* [[Review bodies related to property management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|'''Review bodies related to property management''']]
** Rule 105.22
* [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Regulations and Rules)|'''Sale/disposal of property''']]
** Rule 105.23
** Rule 105.24
* [[Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (Financial Regulations and Rules)|'''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''']]
** Regulation 5.14

== History ==
A dedicated section of the Financial Regulations and Rules on property management was first introduced in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] following the approval by the General Assembly in its decision [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) 57/573] of revisions to the Financial Regulations, as proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/57/396 A/57/396].

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>7818b85a52fbcce7d9e331993fa939d9ba9ab7d6</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>433</id>
    <parentid>426</parentid>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Changed category to policy compendium</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1176" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management''' 

== Sub-sections ==
* [[Authority and responsibility (Financial Regulations and Rules)|'''Authority and responsibility''']]
** Rule 105.20
** Rule 105.21
* [[Review bodies related to property management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|'''Review bodies related to property management''']]
** Rule 105.22
* [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Regulations and Rules)|'''Sale/disposal of property''']]
** Rule 105.23
** Rule 105.24
* [[Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (Financial Regulations and Rules)|'''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''']]
** Regulation 5.14

== History ==
A dedicated section of the Financial Regulations and Rules on property management was first introduced in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] following the approval by the General Assembly in its decision [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) 57/573] of revisions to the Financial Regulations, as proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/57/396 A/57/396].

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
    <sha1>b336d56dc43762386f11c79f7a67450cac784fc6</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <id>434</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Standardized formatting</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1170" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management''' 

== Sub-sections ==
=== [[Authority and responsibility (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Authority and responsibility]] ===
: Rule 105.20
: Rule 105.21
=== [[Review bodies related to property management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Review bodies related to property management]] ===
: Rule 105.22
=== [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Sale/disposal of property]] ===
: Rule 105.23
: Rule 105.24
=== [[Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations]] ===
: Regulation 5.14

== History ==
A dedicated section of the Financial Regulations and Rules on property management was first introduced in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] following the approval by the General Assembly in its decision [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) 57/573] of revisions to the Financial Regulations, as proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/57/396 A/57/396].

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>Peacekeeping operation budgets (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>135</id>
  <revision>
    <id>429</id>
    <timestamp>2019-08-08T23:51:22Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Budgets (Financial Regulations and Rules)|II. Budgets]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Peacekeeping operation budgets'''  == Text == === Authority,..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="2535" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Budgets (Financial Regulations and Rules)|II. Budgets]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Peacekeeping operation budgets'''

== Text ==
=== Authority, responsibility, submission and approval ===
: '''Regulation 2.12'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Budgets for peacekeeping operations setting out objectives, expected accomplishments and outputs shall be prepared by the Secretary-General for consideration and approval by the General Assembly.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Regulation 2.13'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;The Secretary-General shall submit twice a year to the General Assembly for informational purposes a table summarizing the budgetary requirements of each peacekeeping operation for the budget period from 1 July to 30 June, including a breakdown of expenditure by major line item and the aggregate total resource requirement.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Rule 102.8'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The Secretary-General shall decide on the objectives, expected accomplishments, outputs, activities and resource allocation in all peacekeeping operation budgets submitted to the General Assembly.&lt;br /&gt;

(b) Budget estimates for peacekeeping operations shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements of the General Assembly.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Delegation of authority ==
The following authority is delegated '''to heads of entity''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex I of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]:
* The authority for preparing peacekeeping budget proposals, in a format provided by [[DMSPC]], under Rule 102.8(b)

The Secretary-General retains the authority to decide on objectives, expected accomplishments, outputs, activites and resource allocation in all peacekeeping budgets submitted to the General Assembly. 

== History ==

Regulation 2.12 and 2.13 were proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573].

Rule 102.8 was amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: FRR]]</text>
    <sha1>74f3a999536653e4f971ba953c11d3739b325615</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <text bytes="2959" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Budgets (Financial Regulations and Rules)|II. Budgets]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Peacekeeping operation budgets'''

== Text ==
=== Authority, responsibility, submission and approval ===
: '''Regulation 2.12'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Budgets for peacekeeping operations setting out objectives, expected accomplishments and outputs shall be prepared by the Secretary-General for consideration and approval by the General Assembly.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Regulation 2.13'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;The Secretary-General shall submit twice a year to the General Assembly for informational purposes a table summarizing the budgetary requirements of each peacekeeping operation for the budget period from 1 July to 30 June, including a breakdown of expenditure by major line item and the aggregate total resource requirement.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Rule 102.8'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The Secretary-General shall decide on the objectives, expected accomplishments, outputs, activities and resource allocation in all peacekeeping operation budgets submitted to the General Assembly.&lt;br /&gt;

(b) Budget estimates for peacekeeping operations shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements of the General Assembly.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Delegation of authority ==
The following authority is delegated '''to heads of entity''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex I of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]:
* The authority for preparing peacekeeping budget proposals, in a format provided by [[DMSPC]], under Rule 102.8(b)

As indicated in the delegation of authority instrument:
&lt;blockquote&gt;2. As head of entity you are delegated authority to prepare budget proposals on an annual basis for the respective budget types relevant to your entity. Based on your decisions, and as approved by the Secretary-General, the Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance will issue the approved budgets.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General retains the authority to decide on objectives, expected accomplishments, outputs, activites and resource allocation in all peacekeeping budgets submitted to the General Assembly. 

== History ==

Regulation 2.12 and 2.13 were proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573].

Rule 102.8 was amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>Procurement (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''C. Procurement'''   == Sub-sections..."</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3375" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''C. Procurement''' 

== Sub-sections ==
=== General principles ===
: '''Regulation 5.12'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;Procurement functions include all actions necessary for the acquisition, by purchase or lease, of property, including products and real property, and of services, including works. The following general principles shall be given due consideration when exercising the procurement functions of the United Nations:
:(a) Best value for money;
:(b) Fairness, integrity and transparency;
:(c) Effective international competition;
:(d) The interest of the United Nations.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Regulation 5.13'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;Tenders for goods and services shall be invited by advertisement, except where the Secretary-General deems that, in the interests of the Organization, a departure from this regulation is desirable.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== [[Procurement authority and responsibility (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Authority and responsibility]] ===
: '''Rule 105.13'''
=== [[Competition (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Competition]] ===
: '''Rule 105.14'''
=== [[Formal methods of solicitation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Formal methods of solicitation]] ===
: '''Rule 105.15'''
=== [[Exceptions to the use of formal methods of solicitation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Exceptions to the use of formal methods of solicitation]] ===
: '''Rule 105.16'''
=== [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Cooperation]] ===
: '''Rule 105.17'''
=== [[Written contracts (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Written contracts]] ===
: '''Rule 105.18'''
=== [[Advance and progress payments (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Advance and progress payments]] ===
: '''Rule 105.19

== History ==
Regulation 5.12 was originally proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/396 A/57/396] and was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573]. The harmonized and simplified regulations and rules presented at that time were prepared by the inter-agency Task Force on Common Services (see [https://undocs.org/a/55/461 A/55/461], [https://undocs.org/a/52/534 A/52/534] and Corr.1 and [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/46 A/C.5/52/46]) and were also reflected in revisions to the financial regulations and rules of UNDP, UNFPA and UNOPS.&lt;ref&gt;The primary difference between the general principles in the financial regulations of the Secretariat and those of UNDP and UNOPS is the nature of the competition; the financial regulations of UNDP and UNOPS omit the word "international" from the third general principle.&lt;/ref&gt;

Regulation 5.13 (previously numbered as 10.5 in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) the 1985 revision] of the Financial Regulations) was amended in [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573] as proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/396 A/57/396] to replace the phrase "equipment, supplies and other requirements" with "goods and services" to improve clarity. 

A proposal by the Secretary-General, in [https://undocs.org/A/73/717 A/73/717], to amend regulation 5.13 to further clarify the language was not acted upon by the General Assembly. 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>Procurement authority and responsibility (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Procurement (Financial Regulation..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="12493" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Procurement (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Procurement]]''' &gt;&gt; Authority and responsibility

== Text ==
=== Authority and responsibility ===
: '''Rule 105.13'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
:(a) The Secretary-General is responsible for the procurement functions of the United Nations, shall establish all United Nations procurement systems and shall designate the officials responsible for performing procurement functions.

:(b) The Secretary-General shall establish review committees, at Headquarters and other locations, to render written advice to him or her on procurement actions leading to the award or amendment of procurement contracts, which, for purposes of these Regulations and Rules, includes agreements or other written instruments such as purchase orders and contracts that involve income to the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall establish the composition and the terms of reference of such committees, which shall include the types and monetary values of proposed procurement actions subject to review.

:(c) Where the advice of a review committee is required, no final action leading to the award or amendment of a procurement contract may be taken before such advice is received. In cases where the Secretary-General decides not to accept the advice of such a review committee, he or she shall record in writing the reasons for that decision.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Associated guidance ==
=== Procurement manual ===
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=215 Chapter 2: Organisation, Responsibilities and Functions of Procurement Offices]
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=27 Chapter 3: Delegation of Procurement Authority]
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=215 Chapter 12: Functions of, and Review by, the Headquarters Committee on Contracts and Local Committees on Contracts]

== Delegation of authority ==
Authority and responsibility for procurement is delegated '''to heads of entity''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex I of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]

=== Delegation of authority instrument ===
As indicated in the delegation of authority instrument:
: '''Authority and responsibility'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;1. As head of entity you are delegated the authorities set forth below for procurement under the Financial Regulations and Rules. This delegation to procure on behalf of the United Nations is granted with respect to your current function and must be exercised only by the authorities and at thresholds prescribed in the attached Delegation of Procurement Authority (Annex A) and Document Processing and Approval Matrix ([https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/policy/AnnexB_ProcessingMatrix Annex B]), as revised from time to time.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''I. Scope of this Delegation'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
2. Heads of entity are delegated the authority to enter into contracts up to the prescribed financial limits, based on their current function (role, level and entity), as detailed in Annex A, involving commitments to a single contractor for unrelated requirements based on the cumulative value of the requirement. The exercise of this delegation must be in accordance with the Document Processing and Approval Matrix (Annex B). 

3. The Under-Secretary-General, Department of Operational Support is delegated the authority to make decisions regarding any procurement actions and activities not specifically delegated to heads of entity.

4. Heads of entity shall seek authority to commence procurement action for Strategic Goods and Services (as defined under https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/policy/StrategicCommodities) regardless of the value or basis of award including all exceptions to formal methods of solicitation, from the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support1 through a Local Procurement Authority (LPA).

5. In addition, approval to commence any procurement action under [[Exceptions to the use of formal methods of solicitation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Financial Rules 105.16 (a) (i) - (x)]] and [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17 (a)]] exceeding the head of entity’s delegated authority specified in Annex A, is to be received in writing from the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, prior to commencing procurement action. Consistent with the principle of mutual recognition, review by a Committee on Contracts is not required when the procurement action is the result of cooperation pursuant to [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17 (a)]].

6. If approval to commence procurement action under the Financial Rules referenced in paragraph 5 or an LPA is obtained for the Strategic Goods and Services, the thresholds in the attached Annex A and Annex B shall apply with regards to the review/approval of the proposed contract.

'''''Ex post facto procurement'''''

7. Heads of entity must avoid entering into ex post facto cases unless the situation is exigent as defined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/54/49[VOL.III](SUPP) decision 54/468]. An “ex post facto” case is one where deliverables have already been either fully or partially furnished prior to the review and approval to enter into contract by the appropriate authority. Should the contract include optional contract extension(s), such extension(s) must be submitted for approval to the appropriate authority prior to further committing the Organization. Against the background of [[General provisions (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Financial Rule 101.2]], heads of entity shall be aware and remind all officials involved in the acquisition process under their authority that failure to abide with proper vetting and approval procedures demonstrates a disregard for the Financial Regulations and Rules. Ex post facto cases can be avoided through adequate internal controls, proper planning and timely action by end users, requisitioners, contract managers, certifying offices and procurement staff.

'''''Authority to sub-delegate'''''

8. Any sub-delegation must be to qualified&lt;ref&gt;To be considered “qualified” in the context of this delegation instrument completion of relevant procurement training (https://procuretrainingcampus.dfs.un.org/login/index.php) is required in addition to meeting requirements in the relevant classified job descriptions. As of 1 January 2021, all procurement officials (excluding the Director/Chief of Mission Support/Administration or equivalent) will be required to be professionally certified by an internationally recognized procurement certification authority (such as CIPS or equivalent) to the required level as authorized by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support.&lt;/ref&gt; staff only and in accordance with Annex A and Annex B, unless otherwise authorized in writing in advance by the Secretary-General or his/her designated representative. It is important to ensure proper segregation of duties and to avoid any conflict of interest.

9. To exercise this delegation, the head of entity must have sufficient procurement capacity and infrastructure, which includes the following, or access to the following (from another UN Secretariat entity for example): bid receiving and safeguarding; a Tender Opening Committee; a Local Committee on Contracts; and sufficient procurement capacity i.e. a minimum of two fully dedicated, trained and qualified UN procurement officials of which at least one staff shall be a Procurement Officer (minimum P3 or FS6 level), unless otherwise agreed to in writing in advance by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support.

10. Procurement Officers must be technically cleared by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support prior to selection.

11. The mandatory UN procurement training must be completed by all officials prior to their acceptance of a sub-delegation. It is the responsibility of each official to also complete all required Umoja training prior to being granted access to Umoja.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''II. Establishment of Local Committee on Contracts (LCC)'''

&lt;blockquote&gt;12. The provisions of the ST/AI/2011/8, as amended or superseded, shall apply fully to the present delegation and any resulting sub-delegations and includes the requirement for the head of entity to establish an LCC if that entity will undertake procurement action. At the discretion of the head of entity, they may authorize the D/CMS, D/CoA or equivalent to establish an LCC on their behalf. All cases above the Chief Procurement Officer’s authority will be subject to the review of either the LCC or the Headquarters Committee on Contracts (HCC) as specified in Annex B. All cases shall be submitted and processed only via the official online system as designated or otherwise authorized by the Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''III. Procurement Support by Other UN Secretariat Entities'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;13. If sufficient procurement capacity/infrastructure, does not exist in an entity, and another entity (procuring agent) has been approved by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, to undertake procurement on the entity’s behalf the procuring agent will undertake the procurement activity and approve entry into contract based on their own delegated authority, unless otherwise determined by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support. 

14. Cooperation with any entity outside of the Secretariat within the UN system is subject to approval under Financial Rule 105.16 (a)(iii) and 105.17(a) as detailed in Annex A and Annex B, provided that the regulations and rules of those entities are consistent with those of the United Nations and that their established procurement process is followed when procuring for the Secretariat entity.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''IV. Monitoring and Reporting'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
15. You are required to submit the following reports as specified: [https://iseek.un.org/delegation-authority-reporting-requirements link] (login required)

16. The Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance will monitor the functioning of the review committees on contracts.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Delegation thresholds ===

: '''Department of Operational Support''' 

The Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support has been delegated unlimited procurement authority. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Level !! Maximum sub-delegation 
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General for Supply Chain Management || Unlimited 
|-
| Director, Procurement Division (DOS/OSCM) || up to US$1,000,000 
|-
| D-1 || up to US$750,000 
|-
| P-5 Procurement Officer || up to US$500,000 
|-
| P-4 Procurement Officer || up to US$300,000  
|-
| P-3 Procurement Officer || up to US$100,000  
|-
| P-2 Procurement Officer || up to US$70,000 
|-
| P-1/G-7 Procurement Officer || up to US$50,000  
|-
| G-6 Procurement Assistant || up to US$25,000 
|-
| G-5 Procurement Assistant || up to US$15,000  
|}

: '''All other entities'''

The standard delegation to heads of entity includes unlimited procurement authority. However, strategic goods and services are subject to advance Local Procurement Authority approval.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Level !! Maximum sub-delegation 
|-
| Director/Chief of Mission Support, Director/Chief of Administration or equivalent || Unlimited
|-
| P-5 Procurement Officer || up to US$250,000 
|-
| P-4/FS-7/NO-D Procurement Officer || up to US$150,000
|-
| P-3/FS-6/NO-C Procurement Officer || up to US$100,000  
|-
| P-2/NO-B Procurement Officer || up to US$70,000 
|-
| P-1/NO-A/FS-5/G-7 Procurement Officer || up to US$50,000  
|-
| FS-4/G-6 Procurement Assistant || up to US$25,000 
|-
| FS-3/G-5 Procurement Assistant || up to US$15,000  
|}

== History ==

Rule 105.13 was amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Formatting</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12499" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Procurement (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Procurement]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Authority and responsibility'''

== Text ==
=== Authority and responsibility ===
: '''Rule 105.13'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
:(a) The Secretary-General is responsible for the procurement functions of the United Nations, shall establish all United Nations procurement systems and shall designate the officials responsible for performing procurement functions.

:(b) The Secretary-General shall establish review committees, at Headquarters and other locations, to render written advice to him or her on procurement actions leading to the award or amendment of procurement contracts, which, for purposes of these Regulations and Rules, includes agreements or other written instruments such as purchase orders and contracts that involve income to the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall establish the composition and the terms of reference of such committees, which shall include the types and monetary values of proposed procurement actions subject to review.

:(c) Where the advice of a review committee is required, no final action leading to the award or amendment of a procurement contract may be taken before such advice is received. In cases where the Secretary-General decides not to accept the advice of such a review committee, he or she shall record in writing the reasons for that decision.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Associated guidance ==
=== Procurement manual ===
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=215 Chapter 2: Organisation, Responsibilities and Functions of Procurement Offices]
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=27 Chapter 3: Delegation of Procurement Authority]
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=215 Chapter 12: Functions of, and Review by, the Headquarters Committee on Contracts and Local Committees on Contracts]

== Delegation of authority ==
Authority and responsibility for procurement is delegated '''to heads of entity''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex I of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]

=== Delegation of authority instrument ===
As indicated in the delegation of authority instrument:
: '''Authority and responsibility'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;1. As head of entity you are delegated the authorities set forth below for procurement under the Financial Regulations and Rules. This delegation to procure on behalf of the United Nations is granted with respect to your current function and must be exercised only by the authorities and at thresholds prescribed in the attached Delegation of Procurement Authority (Annex A) and Document Processing and Approval Matrix ([https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/policy/AnnexB_ProcessingMatrix Annex B]), as revised from time to time.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''I. Scope of this Delegation'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
2. Heads of entity are delegated the authority to enter into contracts up to the prescribed financial limits, based on their current function (role, level and entity), as detailed in Annex A, involving commitments to a single contractor for unrelated requirements based on the cumulative value of the requirement. The exercise of this delegation must be in accordance with the Document Processing and Approval Matrix (Annex B). 

3. The Under-Secretary-General, Department of Operational Support is delegated the authority to make decisions regarding any procurement actions and activities not specifically delegated to heads of entity.

4. Heads of entity shall seek authority to commence procurement action for Strategic Goods and Services (as defined under https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/policy/StrategicCommodities) regardless of the value or basis of award including all exceptions to formal methods of solicitation, from the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support1 through a Local Procurement Authority (LPA).

5. In addition, approval to commence any procurement action under [[Exceptions to the use of formal methods of solicitation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Financial Rules 105.16 (a) (i) - (x)]] and [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17 (a)]] exceeding the head of entity’s delegated authority specified in Annex A, is to be received in writing from the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, prior to commencing procurement action. Consistent with the principle of mutual recognition, review by a Committee on Contracts is not required when the procurement action is the result of cooperation pursuant to [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17 (a)]].

6. If approval to commence procurement action under the Financial Rules referenced in paragraph 5 or an LPA is obtained for the Strategic Goods and Services, the thresholds in the attached Annex A and Annex B shall apply with regards to the review/approval of the proposed contract.

'''''Ex post facto procurement'''''

7. Heads of entity must avoid entering into ex post facto cases unless the situation is exigent as defined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/54/49[VOL.III](SUPP) decision 54/468]. An “ex post facto” case is one where deliverables have already been either fully or partially furnished prior to the review and approval to enter into contract by the appropriate authority. Should the contract include optional contract extension(s), such extension(s) must be submitted for approval to the appropriate authority prior to further committing the Organization. Against the background of [[General provisions (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Financial Rule 101.2]], heads of entity shall be aware and remind all officials involved in the acquisition process under their authority that failure to abide with proper vetting and approval procedures demonstrates a disregard for the Financial Regulations and Rules. Ex post facto cases can be avoided through adequate internal controls, proper planning and timely action by end users, requisitioners, contract managers, certifying offices and procurement staff.

'''''Authority to sub-delegate'''''

8. Any sub-delegation must be to qualified&lt;ref&gt;To be considered “qualified” in the context of this delegation instrument completion of relevant procurement training (https://procuretrainingcampus.dfs.un.org/login/index.php) is required in addition to meeting requirements in the relevant classified job descriptions. As of 1 January 2021, all procurement officials (excluding the Director/Chief of Mission Support/Administration or equivalent) will be required to be professionally certified by an internationally recognized procurement certification authority (such as CIPS or equivalent) to the required level as authorized by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support.&lt;/ref&gt; staff only and in accordance with Annex A and Annex B, unless otherwise authorized in writing in advance by the Secretary-General or his/her designated representative. It is important to ensure proper segregation of duties and to avoid any conflict of interest.

9. To exercise this delegation, the head of entity must have sufficient procurement capacity and infrastructure, which includes the following, or access to the following (from another UN Secretariat entity for example): bid receiving and safeguarding; a Tender Opening Committee; a Local Committee on Contracts; and sufficient procurement capacity i.e. a minimum of two fully dedicated, trained and qualified UN procurement officials of which at least one staff shall be a Procurement Officer (minimum P3 or FS6 level), unless otherwise agreed to in writing in advance by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support.

10. Procurement Officers must be technically cleared by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support prior to selection.

11. The mandatory UN procurement training must be completed by all officials prior to their acceptance of a sub-delegation. It is the responsibility of each official to also complete all required Umoja training prior to being granted access to Umoja.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''II. Establishment of Local Committee on Contracts (LCC)'''

&lt;blockquote&gt;12. The provisions of the ST/AI/2011/8, as amended or superseded, shall apply fully to the present delegation and any resulting sub-delegations and includes the requirement for the head of entity to establish an LCC if that entity will undertake procurement action. At the discretion of the head of entity, they may authorize the D/CMS, D/CoA or equivalent to establish an LCC on their behalf. All cases above the Chief Procurement Officer’s authority will be subject to the review of either the LCC or the Headquarters Committee on Contracts (HCC) as specified in Annex B. All cases shall be submitted and processed only via the official online system as designated or otherwise authorized by the Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''III. Procurement Support by Other UN Secretariat Entities'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;13. If sufficient procurement capacity/infrastructure, does not exist in an entity, and another entity (procuring agent) has been approved by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, to undertake procurement on the entity’s behalf the procuring agent will undertake the procurement activity and approve entry into contract based on their own delegated authority, unless otherwise determined by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support. 

14. Cooperation with any entity outside of the Secretariat within the UN system is subject to approval under Financial Rule 105.16 (a)(iii) and 105.17(a) as detailed in Annex A and Annex B, provided that the regulations and rules of those entities are consistent with those of the United Nations and that their established procurement process is followed when procuring for the Secretariat entity.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''IV. Monitoring and Reporting'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
15. You are required to submit the following reports as specified: [https://iseek.un.org/delegation-authority-reporting-requirements link] (login required)

16. The Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance will monitor the functioning of the review committees on contracts.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Delegation thresholds ===

: '''Department of Operational Support''' 

The Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support has been delegated unlimited procurement authority. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Level !! Maximum sub-delegation 
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General for Supply Chain Management || Unlimited 
|-
| Director, Procurement Division (DOS/OSCM) || up to US$1,000,000 
|-
| D-1 || up to US$750,000 
|-
| P-5 Procurement Officer || up to US$500,000 
|-
| P-4 Procurement Officer || up to US$300,000  
|-
| P-3 Procurement Officer || up to US$100,000  
|-
| P-2 Procurement Officer || up to US$70,000 
|-
| P-1/G-7 Procurement Officer || up to US$50,000  
|-
| G-6 Procurement Assistant || up to US$25,000 
|-
| G-5 Procurement Assistant || up to US$15,000  
|}

: '''All other entities'''

The standard delegation to heads of entity includes unlimited procurement authority. However, strategic goods and services are subject to advance Local Procurement Authority approval.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Level !! Maximum sub-delegation 
|-
| Director/Chief of Mission Support, Director/Chief of Administration or equivalent || Unlimited
|-
| P-5 Procurement Officer || up to US$250,000 
|-
| P-4/FS-7/NO-D Procurement Officer || up to US$150,000
|-
| P-3/FS-6/NO-C Procurement Officer || up to US$100,000  
|-
| P-2/NO-B Procurement Officer || up to US$70,000 
|-
| P-1/NO-A/FS-5/G-7 Procurement Officer || up to US$50,000  
|-
| FS-4/G-6 Procurement Assistant || up to US$25,000 
|-
| FS-3/G-5 Procurement Assistant || up to US$15,000  
|}

== History ==

Rule 105.13 was amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12681" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Procurement (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Procurement]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Authority and responsibility'''

== Text ==
=== Authority and responsibility ===
: '''Rule 105.13'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
:(a) The Secretary-General is responsible for the procurement functions of the United Nations, shall establish all United Nations procurement systems and shall designate the officials responsible for performing procurement functions.

:(b) The Secretary-General shall establish review committees, at Headquarters and other locations, to render written advice to him or her on procurement actions leading to the award or amendment of procurement contracts, which, for purposes of these Regulations and Rules, includes agreements or other written instruments such as purchase orders and contracts that involve income to the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall establish the composition and the terms of reference of such committees, which shall include the types and monetary values of proposed procurement actions subject to review.

:(c) Where the advice of a review committee is required, no final action leading to the award or amendment of a procurement contract may be taken before such advice is received. In cases where the Secretary-General decides not to accept the advice of such a review committee, he or she shall record in writing the reasons for that decision.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Associated guidance ==
=== Procurement manual ===
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=215 Chapter 2: Organisation, Responsibilities and Functions of Procurement Offices]
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=27 Chapter 3: Delegation of Procurement Authority]
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=215 Chapter 12: Functions of, and Review by, the Headquarters Committee on Contracts and Local Committees on Contracts]

== Delegation of authority ==
Authority and responsibility for procurement is delegated '''to heads of entity''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex I of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]

=== Delegation of authority instrument ===
As indicated in the delegation of authority instrument:
: '''Authority and responsibility'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;1. As head of entity you are delegated the authorities set forth below for procurement under the Financial Regulations and Rules. This delegation to procure on behalf of the United Nations is granted with respect to your current function and must be exercised only by the authorities and at thresholds prescribed in the attached Delegation of Procurement Authority (Annex A) and Document Processing and Approval Matrix ([https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/policy/AnnexB_ProcessingMatrix Annex B]), as revised from time to time.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''I. Scope of this Delegation'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
2. Heads of entity are delegated the authority to enter into contracts up to the prescribed financial limits, based on their current function (role, level and entity), as detailed in Annex A, involving commitments to a single contractor for unrelated requirements based on the cumulative value of the requirement. The exercise of this delegation must be in accordance with the Document Processing and Approval Matrix (Annex B). 

3. The Under-Secretary-General, Department of Operational Support is delegated the authority to make decisions regarding any procurement actions and activities not specifically delegated to heads of entity.

4. Heads of entity shall seek authority to commence procurement action for Strategic Goods and Services (as defined under https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/policy/StrategicCommodities) regardless of the value or basis of award including all exceptions to formal methods of solicitation, from the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support1 through a Local Procurement Authority (LPA).

5. In addition, approval to commence any procurement action under [[Exceptions to the use of formal methods of solicitation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Financial Rules 105.16 (a) (i) - (x)]] and [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17 (a)]] exceeding the head of entity’s delegated authority specified in Annex A, is to be received in writing from the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, prior to commencing procurement action. Consistent with the principle of mutual recognition, review by a Committee on Contracts is not required when the procurement action is the result of cooperation pursuant to [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17 (a)]].

6. If approval to commence procurement action under the Financial Rules referenced in paragraph 5 or an LPA is obtained for the Strategic Goods and Services, the thresholds in the attached Annex A and Annex B shall apply with regards to the review/approval of the proposed contract.

'''''Ex post facto procurement'''''

7. Heads of entity must avoid entering into ex post facto cases unless the situation is exigent as defined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/54/49%5BVOL.III%5D(SUPP) decision 54/468]. An “ex post facto” case is one where deliverables have already been either fully or partially furnished prior to the review and approval to enter into contract by the appropriate authority. Should the contract include optional contract extension(s), such extension(s) must be submitted for approval to the appropriate authority prior to further committing the Organization. Against the background of [[General provisions (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Financial Rule 101.2]], heads of entity shall be aware and remind all officials involved in the acquisition process under their authority that failure to abide with proper vetting and approval procedures demonstrates a disregard for the Financial Regulations and Rules. Ex post facto cases can be avoided through adequate internal controls, proper planning and timely action by end users, requisitioners, contract managers, certifying offices and procurement staff.

'''''Authority to sub-delegate'''''

8. Any sub-delegation must be to qualified&lt;ref&gt;To be considered “qualified” in the context of this delegation instrument completion of relevant procurement training (https://procuretrainingcampus.dfs.un.org/login/index.php) is required in addition to meeting requirements in the relevant classified job descriptions. As of 1 January 2021, all procurement officials (excluding the Director/Chief of Mission Support/Administration or equivalent) will be required to be professionally certified by an internationally recognized procurement certification authority (such as CIPS or equivalent) to the required level as authorized by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support.&lt;/ref&gt; staff only and in accordance with Annex A and Annex B, unless otherwise authorized in writing in advance by the Secretary-General or his/her designated representative. It is important to ensure proper segregation of duties and to avoid any conflict of interest.

9. To exercise this delegation, the head of entity must have sufficient procurement capacity and infrastructure, which includes the following, or access to the following (from another UN Secretariat entity for example): bid receiving and safeguarding; a Tender Opening Committee; a Local Committee on Contracts; and sufficient procurement capacity i.e. a minimum of two fully dedicated, trained and qualified UN procurement officials of which at least one staff shall be a Procurement Officer (minimum P3 or FS6 level), unless otherwise agreed to in writing in advance by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support.

10. Procurement Officers must be technically cleared by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support prior to selection.

11. The mandatory UN procurement training must be completed by all officials prior to their acceptance of a sub-delegation. It is the responsibility of each official to also complete all required Umoja training prior to being granted access to Umoja.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''II. Establishment of Local Committee on Contracts (LCC)'''

&lt;blockquote&gt;12. The provisions of the [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2011/8 ST/AI/2011/8], as amended or superseded, shall apply fully to the present delegation and any resulting sub-delegations and includes the requirement for the head of entity to establish an LCC if that entity will undertake procurement action. At the discretion of the head of entity, they may authorize the D/CMS, D/CoA or equivalent to establish an LCC on their behalf. All cases above the Chief Procurement Officer’s authority will be subject to the review of either the LCC or the Headquarters Committee on Contracts (HCC) as specified in Annex B. All cases shall be submitted and processed only via the official online system as designated or otherwise authorized by the Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''III. Procurement Support by Other UN Secretariat Entities'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;13. If sufficient procurement capacity/infrastructure, does not exist in an entity, and another entity (procuring agent) has been approved by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, to undertake procurement on the entity’s behalf the procuring agent will undertake the procurement activity and approve entry into contract based on their own delegated authority, unless otherwise determined by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support. 

14. Cooperation with any entity outside of the Secretariat within the UN system is subject to approval under Financial Rule [[Exceptions to the use of formal methods of solicitation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.16 (a)(iii)]] and [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17(a)]] as detailed in Annex A and Annex B, provided that the regulations and rules of those entities are consistent with those of the United Nations and that their established procurement process is followed when procuring for the Secretariat entity.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''IV. Monitoring and Reporting'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
15. You are required to submit the following reports as specified: [https://iseek.un.org/delegation-authority-reporting-requirements link] (login required)

16. The Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance will monitor the functioning of the review committees on contracts.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Delegation thresholds ===

: '''Department of Operational Support''' 

The Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support has been delegated unlimited procurement authority. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Level !! Maximum sub-delegation 
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General for Supply Chain Management || Unlimited 
|-
| Director, Procurement Division (DOS/OSCM) || up to US$1,000,000 
|-
| D-1 || up to US$750,000 
|-
| P-5 Procurement Officer || up to US$500,000 
|-
| P-4 Procurement Officer || up to US$300,000  
|-
| P-3 Procurement Officer || up to US$100,000  
|-
| P-2 Procurement Officer || up to US$70,000 
|-
| P-1/G-7 Procurement Officer || up to US$50,000  
|-
| G-6 Procurement Assistant || up to US$25,000 
|-
| G-5 Procurement Assistant || up to US$15,000  
|}

: '''All other entities'''

The standard delegation to heads of entity includes unlimited procurement authority. However, strategic goods and services are subject to advance Local Procurement Authority approval.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Level !! Maximum sub-delegation 
|-
| Director/Chief of Mission Support, Director/Chief of Administration or equivalent || Unlimited
|-
| P-5 Procurement Officer || up to US$250,000 
|-
| P-4/FS-7/NO-D Procurement Officer || up to US$150,000
|-
| P-3/FS-6/NO-C Procurement Officer || up to US$100,000  
|-
| P-2/NO-B Procurement Officer || up to US$70,000 
|-
| P-1/NO-A/FS-5/G-7 Procurement Officer || up to US$50,000  
|-
| FS-4/G-6 Procurement Assistant || up to US$25,000 
|-
| FS-3/G-5 Procurement Assistant || up to US$15,000  
|}

== History ==

Rule 105.13 was amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5239" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Staff Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Article IX: Separation from service''' 

== Text ==
=== Separation from service ===
: '''Regulation 9.1'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Staff members may resign from service upon giving the Secretary-General the notice required under the terms of their appointment.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Regulation 9.2'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Staff members shall not be retained in active service beyond the age of 65 years. The Secretary-General may, in the interest of the Organization, retain staff members in service beyond this age limit in exceptional cases.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Regulation 9.3'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) The Secretary-General may, giving the reasons therefor, terminate the appointment of a staff member who holds a temporary, fixed-term or continuing appointment in accordance with the terms of his or her appointment or for any of the following reasons:
: (i) If the necessities of service require abolition of the post or reduction of the staff;
: (ii) If the services of the staff member prove unsatisfactory;
: (iii) If the staff member is, for reasons of health, incapacitated for further service;
: (iv) If the conduct of the staff member indicates that the staff member does not meet the highest standards of integrity required by Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter;
: (v) If facts anterior to the appointment of the staff member and relevant to his or her suitability come to light that, if they had been known at the time of his or her appointment, should, under the standards established in the Charter, have precluded his or her appointment;
: (vi) In the interest of the good administration of the Organization and in accordance with the standards of the Charter, provided that the action is not contested by the staff member concerned;

(b) In addition, in the case of a staff member holding a continuing appointment, the Secretary-General may terminate the appointment without the consent of the staff member if, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, such action would be in the interest of the good administration of the Organization, to be interpreted principally as a change or termination of a mandate, and in accordance with the standards of the Charter;

(c) If the Secretary-General terminates an appointment, the staff member shall be given such notice and such indemnity payment as may be applicable under the Staff Regulations and Rules. Payments of termination indemnity shall be made by the Secretary-General in accordance with the rates and conditions specified in annex III to the present Regulations;

(d) The Secretary-General may, where the circumstances warrant and he or she considers it justified, pay to a staff member whose appointment has been terminated, provided that the termination is not contested, a termination indemnity payment not more than 50 per cent higher than that which would otherwise be payable under the Staff Regulations.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Regulation 9.4'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;The Secretary-General shall establish a scheme for the payment of repatriation grants in accordance with the maximum rates and under the conditions specified in annex IV of these Regulations.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Associated rules ==

: '''Rule 9.1: Definition of separation'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Any of the following shall constitute separation from service:
: (i) Resignation;
: (ii) Abandonment of post;
: (iii) Expiration of appointment;
: (iv) Retirement;
: (v) Termination of appointment;
: (vi) Death.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''[[Resignation (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.2: Resignation]]'''
: '''[[Abandonment of post (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.3: Abandonment of post]]'''
: '''[[Expiration of appointments (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.4: Expiration of appointments]]'''
: '''[[Retirement (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.5: Retirement]]'''
: '''[[Termination (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.6: Termination]]'''
: '''[[Notice of termination (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.7: Notice of termination]]'''
: '''[[Termination indemnity (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.8: Termination indemnity]]'''
: '''[[Commutation of accrued annual leave (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.9: Commutation of accrued annual leave]]'''
: '''[[Restitution of advance annual and sick leave (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.10: Restitution of advance annual and sick leave]]'''
: '''[[Last day for pay purposes (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.11: Last day for pay purposes]]'''
: '''[[Certification of service (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.12: Certification of service]]'''

== History ==
The current regulations in Article IX were approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/271 resolution 63/271], on the basis of proposals by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/A/63/694 A/63/694] pursuant to section II of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250]. 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5238" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Staff Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Article IX: Separation from service''' 

== Article IX: Separation from service ==
: '''Regulation 9.1'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Staff members may resign from service upon giving the Secretary-General the notice required under the terms of their appointment.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Regulation 9.2'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Staff members shall not be retained in active service beyond the age of 65 years. The Secretary-General may, in the interest of the Organization, retain staff members in service beyond this age limit in exceptional cases.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Regulation 9.3'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) The Secretary-General may, giving the reasons therefor, terminate the appointment of a staff member who holds a temporary, fixed-term or continuing appointment in accordance with the terms of his or her appointment or for any of the following reasons:
: (i) If the necessities of service require abolition of the post or reduction of the staff;
: (ii) If the services of the staff member prove unsatisfactory;
: (iii) If the staff member is, for reasons of health, incapacitated for further service;
: (iv) If the conduct of the staff member indicates that the staff member does not meet the highest standards of integrity required by Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter;
: (v) If facts anterior to the appointment of the staff member and relevant to his or her suitability come to light that, if they had been known at the time of his or her appointment, should, under the standards established in the Charter, have precluded his or her appointment;
: (vi) In the interest of the good administration of the Organization and in accordance with the standards of the Charter, provided that the action is not contested by the staff member concerned;

(b) In addition, in the case of a staff member holding a continuing appointment, the Secretary-General may terminate the appointment without the consent of the staff member if, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, such action would be in the interest of the good administration of the Organization, to be interpreted principally as a change or termination of a mandate, and in accordance with the standards of the Charter;

(c) If the Secretary-General terminates an appointment, the staff member shall be given such notice and such indemnity payment as may be applicable under the Staff Regulations and Rules. Payments of termination indemnity shall be made by the Secretary-General in accordance with the rates and conditions specified in annex III to the present Regulations;

(d) The Secretary-General may, where the circumstances warrant and he or she considers it justified, pay to a staff member whose appointment has been terminated, provided that the termination is not contested, a termination indemnity payment not more than 50 per cent higher than that which would otherwise be payable under the Staff Regulations.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Regulation 9.4'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;The Secretary-General shall establish a scheme for the payment of repatriation grants in accordance with the maximum rates and under the conditions specified in annex IV of these Regulations.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Associated rules ==

: '''Rule 9.1: Definition of separation'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Any of the following shall constitute separation from service:
: (i) Resignation;
: (ii) Abandonment of post;
: (iii) Expiration of appointment;
: (iv) Retirement;
: (v) Termination of appointment;
: (vi) Death.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''[[Resignation (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.2: Resignation]]'''
: '''[[Abandonment of post (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.3: Abandonment of post]]'''
: '''[[Expiration of appointments (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.4: Expiration of appointments]]'''
: '''[[Retirement (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.5: Retirement]]'''
: '''[[Termination (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.6: Termination]]'''
: '''[[Notice of termination (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.7: Notice of termination]]'''
: '''[[Termination indemnity (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.8: Termination indemnity]]'''
: '''[[Commutation of accrued annual leave (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.9: Commutation of accrued annual leave]]'''
: '''[[Restitution of advance annual and sick leave (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.10: Restitution of advance annual and sick leave]]'''
: '''[[Last day for pay purposes (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.11: Last day for pay purposes]]'''
: '''[[Certification of service (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Rule 9.12: Certification of service]]'''

== History ==
The current regulations in Article IX were approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/271 resolution 63/271], on the basis of proposals by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/A/63/694 A/63/694] pursuant to section II of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250]. 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9274" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Staff Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Separation from service (Staff Regulations and Rules)|Article IX: Separation from service]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Rule 9.6: Termination''' 

== Rule 9.6: Termination ==
: '''Definitions'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) A termination within the meaning of the Staff Regulations and Rules is a separation from service initiated by the Secretary-General.

(b) Separation as a result of resignation, abandonment of post, expiration of appointment, retirement or death shall not be regarded as a termination within the meaning of the Staff Rules.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Reasons for termination'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
(c) The Secretary-General may, giving the reasons therefor, terminate the appointment of a staff member who holds a temporary, fixed-term or continuing appointment in accordance with the terms of the appointment or on any of the following grounds:
: (i) Abolition of posts or reduction of staff;
: (ii) Unsatisfactory service;
: (iii) If the staff member is, for reasons of health, incapacitated for further service;
: (iv) Disciplinary reasons in accordance with [[Disciplinary measures (Staff Regulations and Rules)|staff rule 10.2 (a) (viii) and (ix)]];
: (v) If facts anterior to the appointment of the staff member and relevant to his or her suitability come to light that, if they had been known at the time of his or her appointment, should, under the standards established in the Charter of the United Nations, have precluded his or her appointment;
: (vi) In the interest of the good administration of the Organization and in accordance with the standards of the Charter, provided that the action is not contested by the staff member concerned.
(d) In addition, in the case of a staff member holding a continuing appointment, the Secretary-General may terminate the appointment without the consent of the staff member if, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, such action would be in the interest of the good administration of the Organization, to be interpreted principally as a change or termination of a mandate, and in accordance with the standards of the Charter.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Termination for abolition of posts and reduction of staff'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
(e) Except as otherwise expressly provided in paragraph (f) below and [[Permanent appointment (Staff Regulations and Rules)|staff rule 13.1]], if the necessities of service require that appointments of staff members be terminated as a result of the abolition of a post or the reduction of staff, and subject to the availability of suitable posts in which their services can be effectively utilized, provided that due regard shall be given in all cases to relative competence, integrity and length of service, staff members shall be retained in the following order of preference:
: (i) Staff members holding continuing appointments;
: (ii) Staff members recruited through competitive examinations for a career appointment serving on a two-year fixed-term appointment;
: (iii) Staff members holding fixed-term appointments.
When the suitable posts available are subject to the principle of geographical distribution, due regard shall also be given to nationality in the case of staff members with less than five years of service and in the case of staff members who have changed their nationality within the preceding five years.
(f) The provisions of paragraph (e) above insofar as they relate to staff members in the General Service and related categories shall be deemed to have been satisfied if such staff members have received consideration for suitable posts available within their parent organization at their duty stations.
(g) Staff members specifically recruited for service with the United Nations Secretariat or with any programme, fund or subsidiary organ of the United Nations that enjoys a special status in matters of appointment under a resolution of the General Assembly or as a result of an agreement entered by the Secretary-General have no entitlement under this rule for consideration for posts outside the organ for which they were recruited.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Termination for unsatisfactory service'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;(h) The appointment of a staff member may be terminated for unsatisfactory service under conditions established by the Secretary-General.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Termination for health reasons'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;(i) The appointment of a staff member who has not attained the normal age of retirement as defined under article 1 (n) of the Regulations of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund but whose physical or mental condition or extended illness renders him or her incapacitated for further service may be terminated after exhaustion of any sick leave entitlement.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Delegation of authority ==
The following authorities are delegated to heads of entities, for staff at the D-2 level and below, under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex IV of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]:
* Separation from service: termination upon abolishment of post approved by the General Assembly or on disability following approval by the Pension Board.

The following authorities are delegated to the Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance, for staff at the D-2 level and below:
* Termination for disciplinary reasons, for facts anterior to appointment, in the interests of good administration or for unsatisfactory performance.

== Associated policies ==
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/9 ST/SGB/2011/9] Continuing appointments
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Section 6: Termination'''
: 6.1 The Secretary-General may terminate the appointment of a staff member who holds a continuing appointment in accordance with the terms of his or her appointment or for any of the reasons listed in [[Separation from service (Staff Regulations and Rules)|staff regulation 9.3]], including without the consent of the staff member if, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, such action would be in the interest of the good administration of the Organization, to be interpreted principally as a change or termination of a mandate, and in accordance with the standards of the Charter. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 ST/AI/2012/3] Administration of continuing appointments
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Section 5: Termination of appointment'''
: 5.1 The Secretary-General may terminate the appointment of a staff member who holds a continuing appointment in accordance with [[Separation from service (Staff Regulations and Rules)|staff regulation 9.3]] and as indicated in section 6 of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2011/9 ST/SGB/2011/9]. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 ST/AI/2013/1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 Corr.1] Administration of fixed-term appointments
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Section 7: Expiration of appointment and termination'''
: 7.1 A fixed-term appointment expires on the expiration date specified in the letter of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 ST/AI/2013/1/Corr.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
: 7.2 The Secretary-General may terminate the appointment of a staff member who holds a fixed-term appointment in accordance with the terms of his or her appointment or for any of the reasons listed in [[Separation from service (Staff Regulations and Rules)|staff regulation 9.3]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 ST/AI/2013/1]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1  ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1] Administration of temporary appointments 
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Section 15: Termination of a temporary appointment'''
: 15.1 A temporary appointment may be terminated in accordance with the Staff Regulations and Rules.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1999/16 ST/AI/1999/16] Termination of appointment for reasons of health

* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/222 ST/AI/222] Procedure to be followed in cases of termination of permanent appointment for unsatisfactory services

== History ==
Revised staff rules were promulgated by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] to replace the former 100, 200 and 300-series staff rules following the establishment of a new contractual framework by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250]. As indicated by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/A/64/230 A/64/230], Chapter IX on separation from service was reorganized in a more logical sequence and aligned to article IX of the amended Staff Regulations as approved by the General Assembly in its resolution 63/271. The new ground for termination “in the interest of the good administration of the Organization” for staff members holding continuing appointments, to apply also when the staff member is not in agreement, was reflected in accordance with paragraph 22 of section II of resolution 63/250 and consistent with the approved text of the amended Staff Regulations.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/230 A/64/230], paragraph 31&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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    <text bytes="218" xml:space="preserve">This page presents a number of mock-ups of what a Secretariat policy compendium should look like, with selections of topics from across the [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff]] and [[Financial Regulations and Rules]].</text>
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  <title>Strategic deployment stocks</title>
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    <text bytes="1307" xml:space="preserve">The '''strategic deployment stocks''' ('''SDS''') were established in 2002 with the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/292 56/292] of 27 June 2002 to support the rapid deployment of a peacekeeping operation by providing equipment for a minimum operational capability. They have also been drawn upon to support the deployment of [[special political missions]].

SDS are managed by the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] in Brindisi, Italy. 

== Relevant reports ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/56/870 A/56/870] The concept of strategic deployment stocks and its implementation (14 March 2002)
* [https://undocs.org/A/64/633 A/64/633] [[Global Field Support Strategy]] (26 January 2010); see paragraphs 56-58
* [https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340] Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions (12 October 2011); see paragraph 26
* [https://undocs.org/A/71/798 A/71/798] Office of Internal Oversight Services: review and evaluation of strategic deployment stocks (17 February 2017)
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/774 A/73/774] Budget for the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] for 2019/20 (27 February 2019); see Annex III: Review of the concept of operations for strategic deployment stocks 

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reserve]]

[[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1307" xml:space="preserve">The '''strategic deployment stocks''' ('''SDS''') were established in 2002 with the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/292 56/292] of 27 June 2002 to support the rapid deployment of a peacekeeping operation by providing equipment for a minimum operational capability. They have also been drawn upon to support the deployment of [[special political missions]].

SDS are managed by the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] in Brindisi, Italy. 

== Relevant reports ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/56/870 A/56/870] The concept of strategic deployment stocks and its implementation (14 March 2002)
* [https://undocs.org/A/64/633 A/64/633] [[Global Field Support Strategy]] (26 January 2010); see paragraphs 56-58
* [https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340] Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions (12 October 2011); see paragraph 26
* [https://undocs.org/A/71/798 A/71/798] Office of Internal Oversight Services: review and evaluation of strategic deployment stocks (17 February 2017)
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/774 A/73/774] Budget for the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] for 2019/20 (27 February 2019); see Annex III: Review of the concept of operations for strategic deployment stocks 

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reserve]]

[[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping Reserve Fund</title>
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    <text bytes="3768" xml:space="preserve">The '''Peacekeeping Reserve Fund''' was established on 1 January 1993 following the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992 "as a cash flow mechanism to ensure the rapid response of the Organization to the needs of peacekeeping operations". The level of the Fund was set at $150 million.

[[Special political missions]] do not have access to the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/340 A/66/340] Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions&lt;/ref&gt;

== Relevant regulations ==
The use of the Fund is governed by [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations]] 4.5-4.9.

&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.6.''' If a decision of the Security Council relating to the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations results in the need to meet expenses and capital requirements, the Secretary-General is authorized, with the prior concurrence of the Advisory Committee and subject to regulation 4.8, to enter into commitments not to exceed the balance of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, and not to exceed $100 million per decision of the Security Council. The cumulative total of outstanding commitment authority in respect of the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations is not to exceed the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund at any one time; however, the appropriation by the General Assembly of any outstanding commitments shall automatically restore this commitment authority to the extent of the amount appropriated.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.7.''' Advances made from the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund shall be reimbursed as soon as receipts from contributions are available for those purposes.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.8.''' If a decision of the Security Council results in the need for the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations in an amount exceeding $100 million per decision of the Security Council or exceeding the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, the matter shall be brought to the General Assembly as soon as possible for a decision on commitment authority and assessment.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.9.''' The Secretary-General and the Advisory Committee shall report to the General Assembly on any exercise of a commitment authority given under regulation 4.6, together with the circumstances relating thereto, in the context of the next report submitted to the Assembly on the financing of the relevant peacekeeping operation.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant resolutions ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 Resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992
*: Established the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund at the level of $150 million.

* [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 Resolution 49/233] of 23 December 1994
*: Decided "to limit the utilization of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund to the start-up phase of new peacekeeping operations, to the expansion of existing ones or to unforeseen and extraordinary expenditures related to peacekeeping."&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 2 of section XI of 49/233&lt;/ref&gt;
*: Authorized the Secretary-General to enter into commitments not to exceed $50 million per decision of the Security Council, with the concurrence of the ACABQ.&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 1 of section IV of 49/233&lt;/ref&gt;

* [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 Resolution 64/269] of 24 June 2010
*: Increased the maximum amount of commitment authority from $50 million to $100 million, but not to exceed the available balance of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund.&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 8 of section VI of 64/269&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also == 
* [[Commitment authority]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Strategic deployment stocks]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Commitment authority</title>
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    <text bytes="3618" xml:space="preserve">'''Commitment authority''' is approval for the Secretary-General to enter into financial commitments of up to a certain amount in absence of an appropriation from the General Assembly. It is usually used as a temporary measure until a full or revised budget can be prepared and an appropriation provided by the General Assembly.

Commitment authority can be with or without assessment, depending on immediate cash requirements.  

== Peacekeeping start-up or expansion ==
The use of commitment authority for peacekeeping missions was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233A resolution 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section IV, and draws upon the $150 million of the '''[[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]''' established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992. The applicable provisions, which have subsequently been amended&lt;ref&gt;Including by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;, are currently contained in [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations 4.6 through 4.9]].

Peacekeeping missions are also able to draw upon up to $50 million from the [[strategic deployment stocks]] to support start-up and expansion, with reimbursement after an appropriation has been received.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Peacekeeping mandate change ==
Since the 2010s, it has become common for the General Assembly to not approve the full budget of a peacekeeping mission that is undergoing a mandate review or where circumstances have changed since a budget was prepared. In these situations, the General Assembly has frequently approved commitment authority (with assessment) for six months until a revised budget is submitted for consideration, generally during the fall, with adoption in December. 

== Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses ==
Start-up of special political missions relies on the '''unforeseen and extraordinary expenses''' (UEE) mechanism in the [[regular budget]], which is governed by a separate UEE resolution for each budget period. The UEE resolution for the 2018-2019 biennium is General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/264 72/264] of 24 December 2017.

UEE allows the SG to enter into commitments related to peace and security totaling $8 million per year without any review&lt;ref&gt;In colloquial usage, the term UEE is often used to refer only to this specific provision of the UEE resolution.&lt;/ref&gt; as well as expedited approval of commitment authority for the start-up or expansion of an SPM with the concurrence of ACABQ without the requirement of going to the General Assembly if the requirements are below $10 million. Requirements above $10 million require General Assembly approval. Commitment authority under UEE does not come with assessment, and supplementary estimates are required to be submitted related to commitments entered under the UEE resolution.

While special political missions have access to the strategic deployment stocks, they have to replenish the costs up-front, thus reducing the available commitment authority for other requirements. This is in contrast with the situation in peacekeeping missions, where SDS replenishment is only required after an appropriation is received.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/240 A/66/340] ''Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Management reform</title>
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    <text bytes="5493" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5659" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
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    <text bytes="4011" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;.

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="17001" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis since 1965. These reports generally relate to the work of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], or C34. 

== List of resolutions ==

The following table lists resolutions titled "Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects". Note that the shorthand "C34" is used in this table to refer to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, even though the Committee was not known as such until after it reached 34 members in the late 1980s. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|- 
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/293 73/293] || 20 May 2019  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19]
|- 
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/304 72/304] || 13 July 2018 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19]
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/314 71/314] || 19 July 2017 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19]
|- 
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/268 70/268] || 14 June 2016 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19]
|- 
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/287 69/287] || 8 June 2015  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19]
|- 
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/277 68/277] || 16 June 2014 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]
|- 
| 67 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/301 67/301] || 16 September 2013 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]
|- 
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/297 66/297] || 17 September 2012  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19]
|- 
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/65/310 65/310] || 19 July 2011 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19]
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/266 64/266] || 21 May 2010 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19]
|-
| 63 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/280 63/280] || 8 May 2009 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(supp) A/63/19]
|-
| 62 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/273 62/273] || 11 September 2008 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) A/62/19]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267B 61/267B] || 24 July 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session on 11 June 2007 to consider the revised draft model [[memorandum of understanding]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part III]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/291 61/291] || 24 July 2007 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267 61/267] || 16 May 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a second resumed session in 2006 on 18 December.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/289 60/289] || 8 September 2006 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 26-27 June to consider the [[sexual exploitation and abuse|victims assistance strategy]] and model [[memorandum of understanding]].''&lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/263 60/263] || 6 June 2006 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/300 59/300] || 22 June 2005 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 4-8 April to consider the [[Zeid report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of the C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/281 59/281] || 29 March 2005 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/58/315 58/315] || 1 July 2004 || ''Note: this was the first year that the C-34 report was issued under the reserved document number '19'.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(supp) A/58/19]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57/336 57/336] || 18 June 2003 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767]
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225B 56/225B] || 22 May 2002 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863]
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/241 56/241] || 24 December 2001 || ''Note: This was a [[Fifth Committee]] resolution related to resource requirements associated with implementation of the recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]].''&lt;br /&gt;Took note of the statement of financial implications of draft resolution [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/L.23 A/C.4/55/L.23] ([https://undocs.org/a/res/56/225 56/225A]) [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46 A/C.5/55/46], [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/add.1 Add.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved an additional 7 posts in the regular budget and 121 posts under the support account
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225 56/225A] || 24 December 2001 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/corr.1 Corr.1] 
|-
| 55 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/135 55/135] || 8 December 2000 || ''Note: The C34 convened in an extraordinary session to consider the [[Brahimi report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81B 54/81B] || 25 May 2000 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81 54/81A] || 6 December 1999 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87]
|-
| 53 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/53/58 53/58] || 3 December 1998 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127]
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/69 52/69] || 10 December 1997 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/52/209 A/52/209]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/RES/51/136 51/136] || 13 December 1996 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/51/130 A/51/130] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/130/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Expanded membership of the C34 to past and present personnel contributors and observers during the 1996 session; &lt;br /&gt;Decided that membership should be open to Member States who become personnel contributors or who participate as observers for three years
|-
| 50 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/50/30 50/30] || 6 December 1995 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/50/230 A/50/230]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/49/37 49/37] || 9 December 1994 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/49/136 A/49/136]; &lt;br /&gt;Confirmed that a peacekeeping operation should be under the operational control of the UN and that the appropriate channel for raising national concerns is through Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of proposals of the Secretary-General on rationalization of the budgetary process [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/403 A/48/403] and on planning, budgeting and administration of peacekeeping operations [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed creation of Policy and Analysis Unit and Planning Division within DPKO;&lt;br /&gt;Welcomed adoption of the Convention on the Safety of UN and Associated Personnel (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/49/59 resolution 49/59])
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/42 48/42] || 10 December 1993 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/48/173 A/48/173]; &lt;br /&gt;Noted with appreciation establishment of a stand-by forces planning team; &lt;br /&gt;Requested Secretariat to develop guidelines concerning the disposition of UN equipment upon termination of a peacekeeping operation; &lt;br /&gt;Noted report [https://undocs.org/a/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/503/add.1 Add.1] on improving the [[financial situation of the United Nations]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of the transfer of the [[Department of Field Support|Field Operations Division]] from the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]] to [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment in DPKO of a 24/7 situation centre; &lt;br /&gt;Noted the importance of concluding [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] between the UN and troop contributors before deployment; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of a focal point for peacekeeping training in DPKO; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized importance of public information and called for significant enhancement of the rpess and public information function for peacekeeping missions; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that any State in whose territory a UN peacekeeping operation is conducted should act promptly to deter and prosecute those responsible for attacks and other acts of violence against UN personnel; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/48/349 A/48/349] on measures and proposals to ensure and enhance security of UN operations
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/71 47/71] || 14 December 1992 || Took note of C34 reports [https://undocs.org/a/47/253 A/47/253] and [https://undocs.org/a/47/386 A/47/386] (Special report on An Agenda for Peace); &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need for the UN to be given resources commensurate with its growing responsibilities in peacekeeping, particularly with reference to resources needed for start-up phases; &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need to delegated increased financial and administrative authority to FCs and SRSGs to increase missions' capacity to adjust to new situations and specific requirements; &lt;br /&gt;Encourages consideration of the establishment of a [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund|reserve fund]] to improve start-up financing of peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Acknowledged the competence of the General Assembly for appropriation and apportionment, and the importance of the Security Council being informed of cost implications; &lt;br /&gt;Emphasized importance of making a clear distinction between peacekeeping operations and assistance from the specialized agencies and departments of the UN not an integral part of the operation; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the creation of [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the decision to appoint a Senior Police Adviser; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of report [https://undocs.org/a/47/604 A/47/604] on the feasibility of establishing an annual peacekeeping fellowship programme for national peacekeeping trainers; &lt;br /&gt;Invited the SG to review, with a view to streamlining procedures and enhancing effectiveness, the applicable financial and administrative regulations concerning peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 A/47/277] of the Secretary-General on strengthening the capacity of the UN for preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping ([[An Agenda for Peace]])
|-
| 46 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/48 46/48] || 9 December 1991 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/46/254 A/46/254]; &lt;br /&gt; Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/45/502 A/45/502] on use of civilian personnel in peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/46/169 A/46/169] and [https://undocs.org/a/46/169/add.1 Add.1] on Secretariat units dealing with peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Considered it important to study financial questions seriously, particularly at the planning stage, to ensure the most cost-effective and efficient conduct of operations and strict control of expenditures; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of possibility of holding inter-sessional open-ended informal consultations to have an exchange of views and to receive briefings from the Secretariat; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized that peacekeeping operations are an evolving concept calling for increased attention and ongoing evaluation by Member States
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/75 45/75] || 11 December 1990 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/45/330 A/45/330]; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that the composition of UN peacekeeping operations should be on a wide geographical basis, while the composition of each operation would be consistent with particular requirements thereof
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/49 44/49] || 8 December 1989 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/44/301 A/44/301]; &lt;br /&gt;Encouraged Member States to establish national peacekeeping training programmes and the Secretariat to prepare training materials; &lt;br /&gt;Urged host countries to conclude [[status of forces agreement|status of forces agreements]] and requested Secretariat to prepare a model SOFA; &lt;br /&gt;Decided to allow participation of observers in the C34
|-
| 43 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/59 43/59] || 6 December 1988 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/43/566 A/43/566]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved request of the PRC to join the C34, bringing membership to 34
|-
| 42 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/161 42/161] || 8 December 1987 || No C34 report
|-
| 41 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/41/67 41/67] || 3 December 1986 || No C34 report
|-
| 40 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/40/163 40/163] || 16 December 1985 || No C34 report
|-
| 39 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/39/97 39/97] || 14 December 1984 || No C34 report
|-
| 38 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/38/81 38/81] || 15 December 1983 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/38/381 A/38/381]; &lt;br /&gt;Expressed conviction that peacekeeping operations are an essential function of the UN, though not a substitute for the peaceful settlement of disputes and therefore of a temporary nature
|-
| 37 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/37/93 37/93] || 10 December 1982 || No C34 report
|-
| 36 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/36/37 36/37] || 18 November 1981 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/36/469 A/36/469]
|-
| 35 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/35/121 35/121] || 11 December 1980 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/35/532 A/35/532]
|-
| 34 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/53 34/53] || 23 November 1979 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/34/592 A/34/592]
|-
| 33 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/33/114 33/114] || 18 December 1978 || No substantive C34 report; &lt;br /&gt;Invited Member States to submit information about national peacekeeping training programmes and standby capacities to the C34
|-
| 32 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/32/106 32/106] || 15 December 1977 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/32/394 A/32/394]
|-
| 31 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/31/105 31/105] || 15 December 1976 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/31/337 A/31/337]
|-
| 30 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3457(XXX) 3457(XXX)] || 10 December 1975 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/10366 A/10366]
|-
| 29 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3239(XXIX) 3239(XXIX)] || 29 November 1974 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9827 A/9827]
|-
| 28 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3091(XXVIII) 3091(XXVIII)] || 7 December 1973 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9236 A/9236]
|-
| 27 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2965(XXVII) 2965(XXVII)] || 13 December 1972 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/8888 A/8888]
|-
| 26 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2835(XXVI) 2835(XXVI)] || 18 December 1971 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/8550 A/8550]
|-
| 25 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2670(XXV) 2670(XXV)] || 8 December 1970 || Took note of C34 [https://undocs.org/A/8081 A/8081]
|-
| 24 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2576(XXIV) 2576(XXIV)] || 15 December 1969 || Received and examined C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/7742 A/7742]
|-
| 23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2451(XXIII) 2451(XXIII)] || 19 December 1968 || Received and examined C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/7131 A/7131] and [https://undocs.org/a/7396 A/7396]
|-
| 22 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2308(XXII) 2308(XXII)] || 13 December 1967 || 
|-
| S-V || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2249(S-V) 2249(S-V)] || 23 May 1967 || Requested C34 to consider (a) methods of financing future peacekeeping operations and (b) voluntary in-kind contributions to peacekeeping operations
|-
| 21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2220(XXI) 2220(XXI)] || 19 December 1966 || Referred C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/6603 A/6603] to the fifth special session of the GA
|-
| 20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2053(XX) 2053(XX)] || 15 December 1965 || Noted C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/5915 A/5915] and [https://undocs.org/A/5915/Add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5916]
|-
| 19 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2006(XIX) 2006(XIX)] || 18 February 1965 || Authorized the establishment of the C34
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]
* [[Special political missions#Comprehensive_review_of_special_political_missions|Comprehensive review of special political missions]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions|Cross-cutting issues]] ([[Fifth Committee]] resolution)

== References ==

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190806171541|405">
  <title>Category:Reform</title>
  <ns>14</ns>
  <id>120</id>
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    <id>454</id>
    <parentid>393</parentid>
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    <minor/>
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    <text bytes="162" xml:space="preserve">Articles in this category relate to major institutional reform processes at the United Nations. The main page in this category is '''[[United Nations reform]]'''.</text>
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  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>17</id>
  <revision>
    <id>455</id>
    <parentid>248</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-08-13T16:40:57Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="1741" xml:space="preserve">The '''High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations''', or '''HIPPO''', was established by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on 14 October 2014 to take a comprehensive look at how United Nations peace operations could continue to contribute to the prevention and resolution of conflicts and be best designed and equipped to deal with the challenges of tomorrow. 

== Legislative history ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/70/95 A/70/95–S/2015/446] Report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations
* [https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682] Implementation of the HIPPO report: Report of the Secretary-General 
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/6 General Assembly resolution 70/6 of 3 November 2015] 
*: Procedural plenary resolution that indicated that relevant aspects would be considered by the [[C34]], Fourth Committee, [[Fifth Committee]] and other relevant bodies.
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/92 resolution 70/92] of 9 December 2015
*: Resolution on the comprehensive review of [[special political missions]] taking note of the HIPPO report.
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/268 resolution 70/268] of 14 June 2016
*: Boilerplate resolution endorsing the proposals, recommendations and conclusions contained in [https://undocs.org/a/70/19 A/70/19] (the 2016 report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]). 
* [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2015/22 Statement by the President of the Security Council on 25 November 2015 (S/PRST/2015/22)]
*: Took note of the recommendations in the HIPPO and SG reports. 

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Organization of the Secretariat</title>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12830" xml:space="preserve">The [[administrative issuances|Secretary-General's Bulletin]] on the '''Organization of the Secretariat''' sets out the organizational structure of the Secretariat, the main coordination bodies, and the responsibilities of heads of departments/offices, programme managers and executive offices/administrative units. 

== Organization of the Secretariat ==
The current bulletin on the Organization of the Secretariat is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/3 '''ST/SGB/2015/3'''].

Previous bulletins:
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5], amended by [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/11 ST/SGB/2002/11]
* ST/SGB/Organization

== Departments and offices ==

=== Current departments and offices ===
The bulletins for current departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Current bulletin !! Previous bulletins&lt;ref&gt;i.e. those issued after the abolishment of the Organization Manual by ST/SGB/1997/5&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| Executive Office of the Secretary-General || EOSG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/18 ST/SGB/1998/18] || N/A ||  
|-
| Department for General Assembly and Conference Management || DGACM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/9 ST/SGB/2005/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 ST/SGB/1997/6] || Renamed from Department of General Assembly and Conference Services
|-
| [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] || DPPA || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office for Disarmament Affairs || ODA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/8 ST/SGB/2008/8] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/12 ST/SGB/2004/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/10 ST/SGB/1998/10] ||
|-
| [[Department of Peace Operations]] || DPO || N/A || N/A || 
|-
| [[Department of Operational Support]] || DOS || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office of Legal Affairs || OLA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/13 ST/SGB/2008/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/12 ST/SGB/2006/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/8 ST/SGB/1997/8] ||
|-
| Department of Economic and Social Affairs || DESA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/9 ST/SGB/1997/9] || N/A ||
|- 
| Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development || UNCTAD || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/1 ST/SGB/1998/1] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme || UNEP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/21 ST/SGB/1999/21] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || UN-Habitat || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/14 ST/SGB/2002/14] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/22 ST/SGB/1999/22] || Renamed from United Nations Centre for Human Settlements on 1 January 2002&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/206 resolution 56/206]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Office on Drugs and Crime || UNODC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/6 ST/SGB/2004/6] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/17 ST/SGB/1998/17] || Renamed from United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention on 1 October 2002
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Africa || ECA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/12 ST/SGB/2005/12] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/4 ST/SGB/1998/4] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific || ESCAP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/11 ST/SGB/2005/11] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/12 ST/SGB/2000/12] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Europe || ECE || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/9 ST/SGB/2008/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/3 ST/SGB/1998/3] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean || ECLAC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/5 ST/SGB/2000/5] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia || ESCWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/7 ST/SGB/2010/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/16 ST/SGB/2002/16], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/1 ST/SGB/1999/1] ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || OHCHR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/10 ST/SGB/1997/10] || N/A ||
|-
| Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs || OCHA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/8 ST/SGB/1999/8] || N/A || Reorganized from the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) in 1998&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/950 A/51/950] Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Department of Global Communications || DGC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/10 ST/SGB/1999/10] || N/A || Renamed from Department of Public Information (DPI) on 1 January 2019
|-
| [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] || DMSPC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Geneva || UNOG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/4 ST/SGB/2000/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/14 ST/SGB/1999/14] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Vienna || UNOV || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/5 ST/SGB/2004/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/16 ST/SGB/1998/16] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Nairobi || UNON || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/3 ST/SGB/2009/3] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/7 ST/SGB/2008/7], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/13 ST/SGB/2000/13], ST/SGB/1999/20 ||
|-
| Office of Internal Oversight Services || OIOS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/7 ST/SGB/2002/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/2 ST/SGB/1998/2] ||
|-
| Department of Safety and Security || DSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] (OCSS), section 5 || Also referred to as UNDSS
|-
| Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States || OHRLLS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2007/7 ST/SGB/2007/7] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser on Africa || OSAA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/6 ST/SGB/2003/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict || OSRSG CAAC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict || OSRSG SVC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Ethics Office || N/A || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/22 ST/SGB/2005/22] || N/A ||
|- 
| United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services || UNOMS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/12 ST/SGB/2002/12] ||
|-
| Office of Administration of Justice || OAJ || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/3 ST/SGB/2010/3] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Partnerships || UNOP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/14 ST/SGB/2009/14] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction || UNDRR || N/A || N/A || Short form was UNISDR until April 2019&lt;ref&gt;Memo from CdC to SRSG DRR, dated 8 April 2019&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Departments and offices formerly part of the Secretariat ===
The bulletins for entities no longer considered part of the Secretariat are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || UNRWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/6 ST/SGB/2000/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || UNHCR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/9 ST/SGB/1998/9] || N/A ||
|}

=== Defunct departments and offices ===
The bulletins for select defunct departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| [[Department of Political Affairs ]] || DPA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13 ST/SGB/2009/13] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/10 ST/SGB/2000/10], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/14 ST/SGB/1998/14], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/7 ST/SGB/1997/7] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] || DPKO || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/1 ST/SGB/2010/2] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Field Support]] || DFS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2] || N/A || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Management]] || DM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/8 ST/SGB/2005/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/15 ST/SGB/2003/15], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/11 ST/SGB/1997/11] || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts || OPPBA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/13 ST/SGB/1998/13] || 
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Human Resources Management || OHRM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/8 ST/SGB/2004/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/12 ST/SGB/1998/12] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Central Support Services || OCSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Information and Communications Technology || OICT || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] || N/A || New OICT reports to [[DMSPC]] and [[DOS]]
|-
| Peacebuilding Support Office || PBSO || N/A || N/A || Merged into new [[DPPA]]
|-
| United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace || UNOSDP || N/A || N/A || Closed in 2017
|}

== Organizational nomenclature ==
The norms established for organizational nomenclature are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! Level
! Element
! Description&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1
| Department, Secretariat or Office
| A minimum of 30 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an Under-Secretary-General. For regional commissions, the title of Executive Secretary is used.&lt;ref&gt;As noted in paragraph 6 of [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6], “In addition to the use of the terms secretariat, office and centre to designated hierarchical levels 1 and 2 respectively, it was recognized that these terms would have to continue to be used on the basis of established practice (e.g. United Nations Information Centres) or to designate the immediate staff attached to senior officials of the Secretariat or bodies such as functional commissions, boards, committees, etc. The working group recommended, however, and the Secretary-General has agreed that the use of the term “office” in the generic sense should be limited to use only at hierarchical level 3 (division) and above.”&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2
| Centre
| A minimum of 20 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-2 level, and exceptionally at the ASG level. The term is to be used in exceptional circumstances, e.g., as a result of a decision of the General Assembly or other organs.
|-
| 3
| Division
| A minimum of 15 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Director at the D-2 level. (For regional commissions, a minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Chief at the D-1 level.)
|-
| 4
| Branch/Service
| A minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-1 level with the title “Head of Branch”. The term “Service” is to be used for elements whose work is essentially of an administrative support or service nature. The terms “Branch/Service” should not be used in the regional commissions.
|-
| 5
| Section
| A minimum of four posts in the Professional category, headed by a Chief at the P-5 or P-4 level.
|-
| 6
| Unit
| A minimum of four posts and headed by Chief of Unit. For use of the term, there should be a demonstrated need for a designated supervisor and for recognition outside the department/office.
|}

In cases where an organizational element meets the criterion of number of posts, but the level of the head is above the criteria for that level, more weight should be given to number of posts than to level of head.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Administrative issuances]]
=== Documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/32/17 A/C.5/32/17] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409], Annex: Guidelines for the preparation of ST/SGB/Organization

== References ==

[[category:Organization]]</text>
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    <comment>Added clarification on current status of ST/AI/409</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="13006" xml:space="preserve">The [[administrative issuances|Secretary-General's Bulletin]] on the '''Organization of the Secretariat''' sets out the organizational structure of the Secretariat, the main coordination bodies, and the responsibilities of heads of departments/offices, programme managers and executive offices/administrative units. 

== Organization of the Secretariat ==
The current bulletin on the Organization of the Secretariat is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/3 '''ST/SGB/2015/3'''].

Previous bulletins:
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5], amended by [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/11 ST/SGB/2002/11]
* ST/SGB/Organization

== Departments and offices ==

=== Current departments and offices ===
The bulletins for current departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Current bulletin !! Previous bulletins&lt;ref&gt;i.e. those issued after the abolishment of the Organization Manual by ST/SGB/1997/5&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| Executive Office of the Secretary-General || EOSG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/18 ST/SGB/1998/18] || N/A ||  
|-
| Department for General Assembly and Conference Management || DGACM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/9 ST/SGB/2005/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 ST/SGB/1997/6] || Renamed from Department of General Assembly and Conference Services
|-
| [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] || DPPA || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office for Disarmament Affairs || ODA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/8 ST/SGB/2008/8] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/12 ST/SGB/2004/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/10 ST/SGB/1998/10] ||
|-
| [[Department of Peace Operations]] || DPO || N/A || N/A || 
|-
| [[Department of Operational Support]] || DOS || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office of Legal Affairs || OLA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/13 ST/SGB/2008/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/12 ST/SGB/2006/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/8 ST/SGB/1997/8] ||
|-
| Department of Economic and Social Affairs || DESA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/9 ST/SGB/1997/9] || N/A ||
|- 
| Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development || UNCTAD || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/1 ST/SGB/1998/1] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme || UNEP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/21 ST/SGB/1999/21] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || UN-Habitat || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/14 ST/SGB/2002/14] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/22 ST/SGB/1999/22] || Renamed from United Nations Centre for Human Settlements on 1 January 2002&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/206 resolution 56/206]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Office on Drugs and Crime || UNODC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/6 ST/SGB/2004/6] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/17 ST/SGB/1998/17] || Renamed from United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention on 1 October 2002
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Africa || ECA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/12 ST/SGB/2005/12] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/4 ST/SGB/1998/4] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific || ESCAP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/11 ST/SGB/2005/11] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/12 ST/SGB/2000/12] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Europe || ECE || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/9 ST/SGB/2008/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/3 ST/SGB/1998/3] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean || ECLAC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/5 ST/SGB/2000/5] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia || ESCWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/7 ST/SGB/2010/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/16 ST/SGB/2002/16], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/1 ST/SGB/1999/1] ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || OHCHR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/10 ST/SGB/1997/10] || N/A ||
|-
| Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs || OCHA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/8 ST/SGB/1999/8] || N/A || Reorganized from the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) in 1998&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/950 A/51/950] Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Department of Global Communications || DGC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/10 ST/SGB/1999/10] || N/A || Renamed from Department of Public Information (DPI) on 1 January 2019
|-
| [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] || DMSPC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Geneva || UNOG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/4 ST/SGB/2000/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/14 ST/SGB/1999/14] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Vienna || UNOV || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/5 ST/SGB/2004/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/16 ST/SGB/1998/16] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Nairobi || UNON || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/3 ST/SGB/2009/3] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/7 ST/SGB/2008/7], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/13 ST/SGB/2000/13], ST/SGB/1999/20 ||
|-
| Office of Internal Oversight Services || OIOS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/7 ST/SGB/2002/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/2 ST/SGB/1998/2] ||
|-
| Department of Safety and Security || DSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] (OCSS), section 5 || Also referred to as UNDSS
|-
| Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States || OHRLLS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2007/7 ST/SGB/2007/7] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser on Africa || OSAA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/6 ST/SGB/2003/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict || OSRSG CAAC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict || OSRSG SVC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Ethics Office || N/A || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/22 ST/SGB/2005/22] || N/A ||
|- 
| United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services || UNOMS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/12 ST/SGB/2002/12] ||
|-
| Office of Administration of Justice || OAJ || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/3 ST/SGB/2010/3] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Partnerships || UNOP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/14 ST/SGB/2009/14] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction || UNDRR || N/A || N/A || Short form was UNISDR until April 2019&lt;ref&gt;Memo from CdC to SRSG DRR, dated 8 April 2019&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Departments and offices formerly part of the Secretariat ===
The bulletins for entities no longer considered part of the Secretariat are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || UNRWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/6 ST/SGB/2000/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || UNHCR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/9 ST/SGB/1998/9] || N/A ||
|}

=== Defunct departments and offices ===
The bulletins for select defunct departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| [[Department of Political Affairs ]] || DPA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13 ST/SGB/2009/13] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/10 ST/SGB/2000/10], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/14 ST/SGB/1998/14], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/7 ST/SGB/1997/7] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] || DPKO || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/1 ST/SGB/2010/2] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Field Support]] || DFS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2] || N/A || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Management]] || DM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/8 ST/SGB/2005/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/15 ST/SGB/2003/15], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/11 ST/SGB/1997/11] || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts || OPPBA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/13 ST/SGB/1998/13] || 
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Human Resources Management || OHRM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/8 ST/SGB/2004/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/12 ST/SGB/1998/12] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Central Support Services || OCSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Information and Communications Technology || OICT || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] || N/A || New OICT reports to [[DMSPC]] and [[DOS]]
|-
| Peacebuilding Support Office || PBSO || N/A || N/A || Merged into new [[DPPA]]
|-
| United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace || UNOSDP || N/A || N/A || Closed in 2017
|}

== Organizational nomenclature ==
The norms established for organizational nomenclature&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV; although this ST/AI was abolished with the issuance of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5], no new guidance on organizational nomenclature has since been issued.&lt;/ref&gt; are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! Level
! Element
! Description
|-
| 1
| Department, Secretariat or Office
| A minimum of 30 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an Under-Secretary-General. For regional commissions, the title of Executive Secretary is used.&lt;ref&gt;As noted in paragraph 6 of [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6], “In addition to the use of the terms secretariat, office and centre to designated hierarchical levels 1 and 2 respectively, it was recognized that these terms would have to continue to be used on the basis of established practice (e.g. United Nations Information Centres) or to designate the immediate staff attached to senior officials of the Secretariat or bodies such as functional commissions, boards, committees, etc. The working group recommended, however, and the Secretary-General has agreed that the use of the term “office” in the generic sense should be limited to use only at hierarchical level 3 (division) and above.”&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2
| Centre
| A minimum of 20 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-2 level, and exceptionally at the ASG level. The term is to be used in exceptional circumstances, e.g., as a result of a decision of the General Assembly or other organs.
|-
| 3
| Division
| A minimum of 15 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Director at the D-2 level. (For regional commissions, a minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Chief at the D-1 level.)
|-
| 4
| Branch/Service
| A minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-1 level with the title “Head of Branch”. The term “Service” is to be used for elements whose work is essentially of an administrative support or service nature. The terms “Branch/Service” should not be used in the regional commissions.
|-
| 5
| Section
| A minimum of four posts in the Professional category, headed by a Chief at the P-5 or P-4 level.
|-
| 6
| Unit
| A minimum of four posts and headed by Chief of Unit. For use of the term, there should be a demonstrated need for a designated supervisor and for recognition outside the department/office.
|}

In cases where an organizational element meets the criterion of number of posts, but the level of the head is above the criteria for that level, more weight should be given to number of posts than to level of head.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Administrative issuances]]
=== Documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/32/17 A/C.5/32/17] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409], Annex: Guidelines for the preparation of ST/SGB/Organization

== References ==

[[category:Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Consensus</title>
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    <text bytes="6010" xml:space="preserve">Many United Nations bodies take decisions by '''consensus''', i.e. without a vote. As noted in a 2005 legal opinion, "consensus is considered as the absence of objection rather than a particular majority"&lt;ref&gt;Note to the President of the General Assembly regarding voting procedures on a resolution related to the equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council, 14 July 2005. United Nations Juridical Yearbook 2005, page 457&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Fifth Committee ==
In the mid-1980s, United States legislation generally referred to as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment required the reduction of the United States contribution to the regular budget to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process.&lt;ref&gt;[http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/99/93.pdf Public Law No. 99-93, Section 143] Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987, August 16, 1985.&lt;/ref&gt; In response, The General Assembly adopted resolution 40/237 of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49 A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213] of 19 December 1986, which introduced the current practice of defaulting to consensus-based decision-making in the [[Fifth Committee]] through the following operative paragraph:

&lt;blockquote&gt;7. ''Considers it desirable'' that the Fifth Committee, before submitting its recommendations on the outline of the [[programme budget]] to the General Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Charter and the rules of procedure of the Assembly, should continue to make all possible efforts with a view to establishing the broadest possible agreement;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although this decision only originally covered negotiations over the budget outline, it was soon expanded to become the standard practice of the Fifth Committee on decisions other than elections, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] of 23 December 1994:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Reaffirming'' the role of the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly with regard to budgetary and financial matters and the importance of making every effort to establish the broadest possible agreement in accordance with the practice established in the Fifth Committee and in conformity with Assembly resolution 41/213 of 19 December 1986,&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Routine votes ===
Despite the general practice of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee, there are a number of annual resolutions for which voting has become routine:
* '''Financing of UNDOF'''
: Since 2018, Syria has proposed an oral amendment related to civilian posts approved in the mission staffing table. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].
* '''Financing of UNIFIL'''
: Annual G77 draft resolution with paragraphs stressing “that Israel shall pay the amount of  1,117,005  dollars  resulting  from  the  incident at Qana on 18 April 1996” and recalling previous resolutions on this matter, to which Israel proposes an amendment deleting the relevant paragraphs, on which a vote is requested by the Chair of the G77. Prior to the 73rd session, a vote would also be called on the draft resolution as a whole.
* '''Estimates in respect of special political missions'''
: Annual oral amendment proposed from the floor by Cuba and supported by delegations such as Iran, Nicaragua and Syria, proposing deletion of references to the concept of responsibility to protect and the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Responsibility to protect. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].

=== Exceptions ===
There have been a number of contentious issues for which no consensus could be reached, including:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Agenda item !! Issue
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/268B 73/268B] || 3 July 2019 || Board of Auditors || G77 and Russia opposed a number of BoA recommendations prompted submission of an L-document requesting SG not to implement those recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/73/671/Add.1 A/73/671/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 67 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/243 67/243] || 24 December 2012 || Financing of ICTY || Russia raised concerns about financing parameters for ICTY&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/675 A/67/675]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/257 66/257] || 9 April 2012 || Accountability || G77 opposed reforms under the Change Management initiative&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/638/add.1 66/638/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] || 24 December 2009 || [[Scale of assessments]] || Russia proposal alternative set of rates for regular budget scale&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/482/Add.1 A/64/482/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Committee for Programme and Coordination ==
The legal basis for consensus-based decision-making in the [[CPC]] is also [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;6. ''Agrees'' that…the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination should continue its existing practice of reaching decisions by consensus; explanatory views, if any, shall be presented to the General Assembly;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations ==
The longstanding practice of the [[C34]] is to take decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations: Summary record of the first meeting, Friday, 26 March 1965&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]

== References ==

[[category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="13672" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== Financial crises ==
At times, exceptional measures have had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable financial crises are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a special account to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; and, following its consideration of the report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;,
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a special account—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>4e7f21e21585174a1a2aaa5ff8c97c37173f0b33</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>460</id>
    <parentid>459</parentid>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <text bytes="14057" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; and, following its consideration of the report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;,
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>461</id>
    <parentid>460</parentid>
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    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>Added references to the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="14638" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to finance peacekeeping missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>77ad815f567cea62f276f264b46e406644c2365c</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>462</id>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="14814" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>5f945d86254b29a952a3a5b5124b4f963c9f3dfe</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <id>479</id>
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    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Added more references</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="14940" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>90c33bc71ede32a166217ee53e6a0a471fc5ab50</sha1>
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    <comment>Added reference to A/40/PV.121 and resolution 49/143</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="15155" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="15414" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>International Civil Service Commission</title>
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    <text bytes="5222" xml:space="preserve">The '''International Civil Service Commission''' ('''ICSC''') is an expert body established by the General Assembly for the
regulation and coordination of the conditions of service of the United Nations '''common system''' of salaries, allowances and benefits. 

== Statute ==
The ICSC was established in 1974, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/3042(XXVII) 3042(XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, to replace the previous International Civil Service Advisory Board. The General Assembly approved the ICSC statute in resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3357(XXIX) 3357(XXIX)] of 18 December 1974. 

The functions and powers of the ICSC are enumerated in Chapter III of the statute, of which articles 10 and 11 are of particular note:

: '''Article 10'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
The Commission shall make recommendations to the General Assembly on:
: (a) The broad principles for the determination of the conditions of service of the staff;
: (b) The scales of salaries and [[post adjustment|post adjustments]] for staff in the [[categories of personnel|Professional and higher categories]];
: (c) Allowances and benefits of staff which are determined by the General Assembly;
: (d) [[Staff assessment]].&lt;/blockquote&gt;
: '''Article 11'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
The Commission shall establish:
: (a) The methods by which the principles for determining conditions of service should be applied;
: (b) Rates of allowances and benefits, other than pensions and those referred to in article 10 (c), the conditions of entitlement thereto and standards of travel;
: (c) The classification of duty stations for the purpose of applying post adjustments. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

For specialized agencies and other organizations to which General Assembly decisions do not apply, the statute specifies provisions as follows:

: '''Article 24'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;1. Recommendations of the Commission under article 10 shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the executive heads of the other organizations. 

2. The decisions taken thereon by the General Assembly shall be communicated by the Secretary-General to the executive heads of the other organizations for action under their constitutional procedures.

3. The executive head of each organization shall inform the Commission of all relevant decisions taken by the governing organ of his organization.

4. The recommendations under paragraph 1 above shall be communicated to staff representatives. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Composition ==
The ICSC currently consists of 15 members, including full-time Chair and Vice-Chair with the status of [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]], which is supported by a secretariat headed by an executive director. The full commission meets twice a year.

== Participation in the common system ==
In addition to the United Nations and its separately-administered funds and programmes, the following specialized and related agencies and other organizations within the [[United Nations system]] which formally participate in the common system are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/1/Rev.2 ICSC Statute and Rules of Procedure&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Organization !! Short form !! Date !! [[administration of justice|Administrative tribunal]]
|-
| International Labour Organization || ILO || 14 December 1946 || ILOAT
|-
| Food and Agriculture Organization || FAO || 14 December 1946 || ILOAT
|-
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization || UNESCO || 14 December 1946 || ILOAT
|-
| International Civil Aviation Organization || ICAO || 13 May 1947 || UNAT
|-
| World Health Organization || WHO || 10 July 1948 || ILOAT
|-
| International Maritime Organization || IMO || 13 January 1949 || UNAT
|-
| United Postal Union || UPU || 1 July 1948 || ILOAT
|-
| International Telecommunications Union || ITU || 1 January 1949 || ILOAT
|-
| World Meteorological Organization || WMO || 20 December 1951 || ILOAT
|-
| International Fund for Agricultural Development || IFAD || 15 December 1977 || 
|-
| United Nations Industrial Development Organization || UNIDO || 17 December 1985 || ILOAT
|-
| International Atomic Energy Agency || IAEA || 14 November 1947 || ILOAT
|-
| World Tourism Organization || UNWTO || 23 December 2013 ||
|-
| International Seabed Authority || ISA || 14 March 1997 ||
|-
| International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea || ITLOS || 18 December 1997 ||
|-
| Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization || CTBTO || 26 May 2000 ||
|-
|}

In addition, a number of organizations utilize the common system but have not formally accepted the ICSC statute, including the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/1/Rev.2 ICSC Statute and Rules of Procedure&lt;/ref&gt;.

The Bretton Woods organizations (International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group) are members of the United Nations system but do not use the common system and follow a separate system of salaries, allowances and benefits.&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/1/Rev.2 ICSC Statute and Rules of Procedure&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [https://icsc.un.org icsc.un.org] Website of the International Civil Service Commission

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Development system reform</title>
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    <text bytes="5894" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of UN country teams''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A '''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator''' system with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Resident Coordinator System ==

=== Development Coordination Office ===

The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the resident coordinator system. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

'''Structure'''
* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''

=== Financing ===

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of official development assistance (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Implementation of resolution 71/243 on QCPR; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund website]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3573" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of UN country teams''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A '''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator''' system with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Implementation of resolution 71/243 on QCPR; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>6d0ea05e59280205a917093641340b5457805445</sha1>
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    <text bytes="3647" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of UN country teams''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A [[Development Coordination Office|'''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator system''']] with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Implementation of resolution 71/243 on QCPR; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Resident coordinator system</title>
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    <text bytes="2561" xml:space="preserve">The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the resident coordinator system. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

== Structure ==
The resident coordinator system consists of global, regional and country-level coordination structures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''
** Individual [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]

== Financing ==

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of [[official development assistance]] (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>DCO</title>
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    <text bytes="45" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Development Coordination Office]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>SPTF</title>
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    <comment>Redirected page to [[Development Coordination Office#Financing]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="55" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Development Coordination Office#Financing]]</text>
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  <title>Special Purpose Trust Fund</title>
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    <text bytes="55" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Development Coordination Office|Financing]]</text>
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  <title>Noblemaire principle</title>
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    <text bytes="3768" xml:space="preserve">The '''Noblemaire principle''' is basis used for the determination of conditions of service of staff in the [[categories of personnel|Professional and higher categories]]. 

Under the application of the Noblemaire principle, salaries of the Professional category are determined by reference to those applicable in the civil service of the country with the highest pay levels (the "comparator").  The
United States federal civil service has been used as the comparator since the inception of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

== History ==
In 1921, the Council of the League of Nations appointed a committee of five experts "to examine the organisation of the Permanent Secretariat and the International Labour Office"&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations, Official Journal 1921, pages 113-114 and 651-652&lt;/ref&gt;. This committee, chaired by the French diplomat Georges Noblemaire, established what is now known as the Noblemaire principle, to govern the salaries and conditions of service for the Permanent Secretariat of the League of Nations. The same principle was carried over to govern conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff in the United Nations Secretariat.

As noted by the committee in its report,

&lt;blockquote&gt;"We admit that the salaries which we propose we based on those of the highest-paid Civil Services in the world, ''i.e.'' those of the British Empire. We do not see how any other course could have been followed since, if lower salaries had been offered, it would be impossible to obtain the service of Britishers of the required standing…On the other hand, it would be difficult, as we point out later on, to pay lower salaries for the same work to members of other nationalities, where work of the kind required by the League is obtainable at lower figures."&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations A.3.1921: Organisation of the Secretariat and of the International Labour Office: Report of the Commission of Experts&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Net remuneration margin ==
The relationship between the remuneration (base salary plus [[post adjustment]]) of United Nations staff in the Professional and higher categories and staff in the U.S. federal civil service is measured through the net remuneration margin, which is the average percentage difference in the remuneration of the two civil services, adjusted for the cost-of-living differential between New York and Washington, DC&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

In practice, the level of remuneration of the Professional and higher categories is maintained within a range above those of equivalent grades of the U.S. federal civil service with a midpoint of 15 per cent; this is based on a decision of the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/244 resolution 40/244] of 18 December 1985, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;2. ''Approves'' the range of 110 to 120, with a desirable midpoint of 115, for the margin between the net remuneration of officials in the Professional and higher categories of the United Nations in New York and that of officials in comparable positions in the United States federal civil service, on the understanding that the margin would be maintained at a level around the desirable mid-point of 115 over a period of time;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Flemming principle]] (the similar principle governing the conditions of service for staff in the General Service and other locally recruited categories)
* [[Categories of personnel]]

== References ==

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Dag Hammarskjöld</title>
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    <text bytes="1934" xml:space="preserve">'''Dag Hammarskjöld''' was the second United Nations Secretary-General, serving from 10 April 1953 to his death on 18 September 1961. 

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly agenda item "Investigation into the conditions and circumstances resulting in the tragic death of Dag Hammarskjöld and of the members of the party accompanying him" was first introduced during the 16th Session of the General Assembly, in 1961&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/4896 A/4896] An international investigation into the conditions and circumstances resulting in the tragic death of Dag Hammarskjöld and of the members of the party accompanying him&lt;/ref&gt;. 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | General Assembly resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| 
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1628(XVI) 1628(XVI)]
| 26 October 1961
| Established the Commission of investigation
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/5069 A/5069] and [https://undocs.org/A/5069/Add.1 Add.1]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1759(XVII) 1859(XVII)] 
| 26 October 1962
| Report of the Commission of investigation
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/800 A/68/800] and [https://undocs.org/A/68/800/Add.1 Add.1]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/246 69/246] 
| 29 December 2014 
| Report of the Commission of Inquiry
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/132 A/70/132]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/11 70/11] 
| 19 November 2015 
| Report of the Independent Panel of Experts
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/1017 A/70/1017]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/260 71/260] 
| 23 December 2016
| Requested Secretary-General to appoint an eminent person
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/1042 A/71/1042]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/252 72/252] 
| 24 December 2017
| Report of the Eminent Person
|}

== References ==

[[Category: Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1928" xml:space="preserve">'''Dag Hammarskjöld''' was the second United Nations Secretary-General, serving from 10 April 1953 to his death on 18 September 1961. 

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly agenda item "Investigation into the conditions and circumstances resulting in the tragic death of Dag Hammarskjöld and of the members of the party accompanying him" was first introduced during the 16th Session of the General Assembly, in 1961&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/4896 A/4896] Request for the inclusion of an additional item of the agenda of the sixteenth regular session: item proposed by Ghana, India, the United Arab Republic, Venezuela&lt;/ref&gt;. 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | General Assembly resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| 
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1628(XVI) 1628(XVI)]
| 26 October 1961
| Established the Commission of investigation
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/5069 A/5069] and [https://undocs.org/A/5069/Add.1 Add.1]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1759(XVII) 1859(XVII)] 
| 26 October 1962
| Report of the Commission of investigation
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/800 A/68/800] and [https://undocs.org/A/68/800/Add.1 Add.1]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/246 69/246] 
| 29 December 2014 
| Report of the Commission of Inquiry
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/132 A/70/132]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/11 70/11] 
| 19 November 2015 
| Report of the Independent Panel of Experts
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/1017 A/70/1017]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/260 71/260] 
| 23 December 2016
| Requested Secretary-General to appoint an eminent person
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/1042 A/71/1042]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/252 72/252] 
| 24 December 2017
| Report of the Eminent Person
|}

== References ==

[[Category: Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2016" xml:space="preserve">'''Dag Hammarskjöld''' was the second United Nations Secretary-General, serving from 10 April 1953 to his death on 18 September 1961. 

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly agenda item "Investigation into the conditions and circumstances resulting in the tragic death of Dag Hammarskjöld and of the members of the party accompanying him" was first introduced during the 16th Session of the General Assembly, in 1961&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/4896 A/4896] Request for the inclusion of an additional item of the agenda of the sixteenth regular session: item proposed by Ghana, India, the United Arab Republic, Venezuela&lt;/ref&gt;. 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | General Assembly resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| 
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1628(XVI) 1628(XVI)]
| 26 October 1961
| Established the Commission of investigation
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/5069 A/5069] and [https://undocs.org/A/5069/Add.1 Add.1]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1759(XVII) 1859(XVII)] 
| 26 October 1962
| Report of the Commission of investigation
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/800 A/68/800] and [https://undocs.org/A/68/800/Add.1 Add.1]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/246 69/246] 
| 29 December 2014 
| Report of the Commission of Inquiry
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/132 A/70/132]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/11 70/11] 
| 19 November 2015 
| Report of the Independent Panel of Experts
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/1017 A/70/1017]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/260 71/260] 
| 23 December 2016
| Requested Secretary-General to appoint an eminent person
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/1042 A/71/1042]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/252 72/252] 
| 24 December 2017
| Interim report of the Eminent Person
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/973 A/73/973]
|
| 
| Report of the Eminent Person
|}

== References ==

[[Category: Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2015" xml:space="preserve">'''Dag Hammarskjöld''' was the second United Nations Secretary-General, serving from 10 April 1953 to his death on 18 September 1961. 

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly agenda item "Investigation into the conditions and circumstances resulting in the tragic death of Dag Hammarskjöld and of the members of the party accompanying him" was first introduced during the 16th Session of the General Assembly, in 1961&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/4896 A/4896] Request for the inclusion of an additional item of the agenda of the sixteenth regular session: item proposed by Ghana, India, the United Arab Republic, Venezuela&lt;/ref&gt;. 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | General Assembly resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| 
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1628(XVI) 1628(XVI)]
| 26 October 1961
| Established the Commission of investigation
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/5069 A/5069] and [https://undocs.org/A/5069/Add.1 Add.1]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1759(XVII) 1859(XVII)] 
| 26 October 1962
| Report of the Commission of investigation
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/800 A/68/800] and [https://undocs.org/A/68/800/Add.1 Add.1]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/246 69/246] 
| 29 December 2014 
| Report of the Commission of Inquiry
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/132 A/70/132]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/11 70/11] 
| 19 November 2015 
| Report of the Independent Panel of Experts
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/1017 A/70/1017]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/260 71/260] 
| 23 December 2016
| Requested Secretary-General to appoint an eminent person
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/1042 A/71/1042]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/252 72/252] 
| 24 December 2017
| Report of the Eminent Person
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/973 A/73/973]
|
| 
| Second report of the Eminent Person
|}

== References ==

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  <title>United Nations Emergency Force</title>
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    <text bytes="1725" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF)''', which was operational from November 1956 to June 1967, was the first armed United Nations peacekeeping mission. The plans and lessons-learned from UNEF on subjects such as [[consent]], [[force generation]] and [[reimbursement]] have influenced all subsequent peacekeeping operations. 

A second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II) was operational between October 1973 to July 1979.

== Mandate ==
UNEF was established by the General Assembly, acting under the [[Uniting for Peace]] resolution, in its resolutions 1000 (ES-I) and 1001 (ES-I), to secure and supervise the cessation of hostilities in the Suez.  

== Blue helmets ==
UNEF was the first mission in which blue helmets were used to be able to identify peacekeepers from other military forces in the area.&lt;ref&gt;Uruqhart, Brian. ''Ralph Bunche: An American Life.'' New York, W.W. Norton, p. 269. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Key documents ==
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/377(V) resolution 377 (V)] Uniting for Peace
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/997(ES-I) resolutions 997 (ES-I) and 998 (ES-I)]
* [https://undocs.org/A/3289 A/3289] First report on the plan for an emergency force
* [https://undocs.org/A/3302 A/3302] Second and final report on the plan for an emergency force
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1000(ES-I) resolutions 1000 (ES-I) and 1001 (ES-I)]
* [https://undocs.org/A/3375 A/3375] Report of the Secretary-General; includes as annex the aide-mémoire on the basis for presence and functioning of UNEF in Egypt 
* [https://undocs.org/A/3945 A/3945] Summary study of the experience derived from the establishment and operation of UNEF

== References ==

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  <title>UNEF</title>
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    <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[United Nations Emergency Force]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>United Nations country team</title>
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    <text bytes="929" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations country team''' (UNCT) consists of all of the United Nations [[Agencies, Funds and Programmes]] present in a country. Its activities are coordinated by a Resident Coordinator (RC). RCs can concurrently serve as Humanitarian Coordinator (HC) responsible for coordinating the activities of the [[humanitarian country team]]. In the context of countries in which a structurally-[[integrated mission]] (whether peacekeeping or political) is deployed, one of the [[mission structures|deputy heads of the mission]] concurrently serves as RC (and possibly also as HC). 

Following the implementation of the [[development system reform]], the Resident Coordinator System is now part of the United Nations Secretariat, and the work of RCs is coordiated by the [[Development Coordination Office]] (DCO).

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]

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  <title>Preparatory Commission</title>
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    <text bytes="1504" xml:space="preserve">The '''Preparatory Commission of the United Nations''' was established on 26 June 1945 "for the purpose of making provisional arrangements for the first sessions of the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and the Trusteeship Council, for the establishment of the Secretariat, and for the convening of the International Court of Justice."&lt;ref&gt;[https://research.un.org/ld.php?content_id=8048396 Interim arrangements concluded by the governments represented at the United Nations Conference on International Organization]&lt;/ref&gt;

Topics covered by the Preparatory Commission include the agendas and rules of procedure for the intergovernmental organs, the International Court of Justice, treaties and the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]]. With regard to the functioning of the Secretariat, the recommendations of the Preparatory Commission included:
* The draft Staff and Financial [[regulations and rules|Regulations and Rules]];
* The [[scale of assessments]] and establishment of the Committee on Contributions;
* Establishment of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]]; and
* The [[organization of the Secretariat]].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/PC/EX/113/Rev.1 PC/EX/113/Rev.1] Report of the Executive Committee to the Preparatory Commission
* [https://undocs.org/PC/20 PC/20] Report of the Preparatory Commission

== References ==

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  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="12582" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established by the [[Preparatory Commission]] of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

=== Process ===
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to [[Article 19]] of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

=== Methodology ===
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
=== Other proposals ===
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== Assessments for Member States and non-Member States ==
The Secretariat issues document each year indicating in dollar terms the assessment of each Member and non-Member State for the regular budget. 

Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;
This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || Resolution specified that $45 mil related to the capital master plan was to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12723" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established by the [[Preparatory Commission]] of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

=== Process ===
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to [[Article 19]] of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

=== Methodology ===
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
=== Other proposals ===
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== Assessments for Member States and non-Member States ==
The Secretariat issues document each year indicating in dollar terms the assessment of each Member and non-Member State for the regular budget. 

Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;
This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || Resolution specified that $45 mil related to the capital master plan was to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/honourroll.shtml Status of Contributions] (from the website of the [[Committee on Contributions]])

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Cross-cutting resolutions</title>
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    <text bytes="7365" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

The main report considered by cross-cutting resolutions are the annual [[overview report|report on the overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations]].

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Approved measures on disposition of assets following liquidation ([[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Reg 5.14]]); &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|-
| 73 || No resolution || || ''Identical paragraphs related to oversight body recommendations and risk management and internal controls inserted into all mission financing resolutions. &lt;br /&gt;Identical paragraphs on [[programmatic activities]] also inserted into financing resolutions of relevant missions''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] (Fourth Committee/[[C34]] resolution)

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="7466" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

The main report considered by cross-cutting resolutions are the annual [[overview report|report on the overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations]].

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Approved measures on disposition of assets following liquidation ([[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Reg 5.14]]); &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Requested the SG to submit annual [[overview report]] on the financing of peacekeeping missions&lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|-
| 73 || No resolution || || ''Identical paragraphs related to oversight body recommendations and risk management and internal controls inserted into all mission financing resolutions. &lt;br /&gt;Identical paragraphs on [[programmatic activities]] also inserted into financing resolutions of relevant missions''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] (Fourth Committee/[[C34]] resolution)

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>df67821ee353417b79deab88b228a8b013d4145c</sha1>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>22</id>
  <revision>
    <id>481</id>
    <parentid>382</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-08-28T18:57:11Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Added link to overview report</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5489" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || Resources for MINUJUSTH and UNAMID approved for 6 months
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1 A/C.5/57/34/Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>47761785b33730db5f9e7489bf971513a5a9bd0d</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>486</id>
    <parentid>481</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-08-31T20:12:52Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6404" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || Resources for MINUJUSTH and UNAMID approved for 6 months
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] ||
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] ||
|-
| 2000/01 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] ||
|-
| 1999/00 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1998/99 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1997/98 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1996/97 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>d41976f3ad5f1f129b7b2181fdfc09248b2bb321</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>488</id>
    <parentid>486</parentid>
    <timestamp>2019-09-03T21:14:24Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6463" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || Resources for MINUJUSTH and UNAMID approved for 6 months
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] ||
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] ||
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] ||
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping financing</title>
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    <text bytes="13237" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual [[peacekeeping financial period]] of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. However, the totality of requirements requested is summarized in the annual peacekeeping [[overview report]].

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Mandate ===
The mandate of each peacekeeping mission is established by the Security Council. Since 2009, the Security Council has requested an estimate of resource implications from the Secretariat whenever a new peacekeeping mission is proposed, or where significant change to a mandate is envisaged.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/24 S/PRST/2009/24] Statement by the President of the Security Council, 5 August 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for each mission can only be finalized after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which the missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget. During mission start-up or expansion, missions can use commitment authority to draw against the balance of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping financial period]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2965" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance !! Budget request !! Cross-cutting !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || A/73/755 || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || A/72/789 || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || A/71/836 || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || A/70/742 || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || 70/286 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || A/69/839 || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || 67/307 || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || A/68/782 || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || A/67/780 || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || A/66/718 || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || 66/264 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || A/65/743 || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || 65/289 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || A/64/660 || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || 64/259 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || A/63/746 || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || A/62/781 || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || A/61/852 || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || A/60/880 || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || A/58/759 || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || A/57/772 || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="18598" xml:space="preserve">With the exception of UNTSO and UNMOGIP, peacekeeping missions are [[peacekeeping financing|financed]] through the adoption of individual '''peacekeeping financing resolutions'''.

Financing resolutions generally recall the relevant Security Council resolution establishing the mandate of the mission and either approve an appropriation or authorize the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for a certain period of time, and—where relevant—authorize the issuance of [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|assessment letters]]. Financing resolutions also indicate the mission's pro-rated share of funding for the [[support account]], [[UN Logistics Base]], and [[Regional Service Centre]].

In addition to the financing language that is technically required, peacekeeping financing resolutions also include standard policy language that has been added (and removed) over time, as detailed below. 

== Standard paragraphs ==

=== Preambular ===

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Having considered'' the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of '''MISSION NAME''' and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,
|
| This paragraph references the reports under consideration during the current session. 
|-
| 2
| ''Recalling'' Security Council resolution '''RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING MISSION'''…and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was '''MOST RECENT SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION''', by which the Council extended the mandate of the Mission until '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''',
|
| This paragraph references the mandate of the mission as decided by the Security Council.
|-
| 3
| ''Recalling also'' its resolution '''FIRST FINANCING RESOLUTION FOR MISSION''' on the financing of the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution '''MOST RECENT FINANCING RESOLUTION''', 
|
| This paragraph references the previous financing resolutions for the mission approved by the General Assembly.
|-
| 4
| ''Reaffirming'' the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000,
| 55th session
| Language added to reflect adoption of new [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] system of discounts in [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 resolution 55/235]
|-
| 5
| ''Noting with appreciation'' that voluntary contributions have been made to the Mission, 
| 43th session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/229 resolution 43/229] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions 
|-
| 6
| ''Mindful'' of the fact that it is essential to provide the Mission with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,
| 42nd session
| The earliest appearance of this language appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/223 resolution 42/223] on the financing of UNIFIL, after which it began to be included in other mission financing resolutions
|}

=== Operative ===
The tables below provide explanations for standard paragraphs that appear in peacekeeping financing resolutions. The paragraph numbers are for reference only for the purpose of this article and will not necessarily correspond to the actual paragraph numbers in actual resolutions. 

{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | Text
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| 1
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Refers to cross-cutting resolutions from the 59th session onward with provisions related to budget formulation
|-
| 2
| ''Takes note'' of the status of contributions to '''MISSION NAME''' as at '''DATE OF MOST RECENT DATA FROM SECRETARIAT''', including the contributions outstanding in the amount of '''DATA PROVIDED BY SECRETARIAT''', notes with concern that only '''NUMBER''' Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions;
| 44th session
| The first appearance of language urging Member States "to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions" appears to have been in [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/190 44/190] on UNAVEM
|-
| 3
| ''Expresses'' its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full;
| 51st session
| Introduced to balance paragraph on overdue payments
|-
| 4
| ''Expresses concern'' at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments;
| 50th session
| Refers to delays in reimbursement to troop-contributing countries due to cash shortfalls
|-
| 5
| ''Expresses concern'' at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa;
| 54th session; &lt;br /&gt;dropped during 65th session
| Introduced as a result of UNMIK financing controversy from the 53rd session.&lt;br /&gt;Language removed during negotiations in the 65th session as part of agreement to remove obsolete language
|-
| 6
| ''Emphasizes'' that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 3 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/53/SR.68 A/C.5/53/SR.68] and [https://undocs.org/A/53/PV.105 A/53/PV.105]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 7
| ''Also emphasizes'' that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates;
| 53rd session
| Paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK
|-
| 8
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates;
| 62nd session
|
|-
| 9
| ''Endorses'' the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; 
|
| Standard text endorsing ACABQ recommendations except where recommendations are taken note of or otherwise superseded in the text. See [[practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]].
|-
| 
| ''(Mission-specific policy paragraphs are usually inserted here)''
|
| 
|-
| 10
| ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296…
| 59th session
| Paragraph listing [[cross-cutting resolutions]] adopted since the 59th session
|-
| 11
| ''Also requests'' the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Mission is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy;
| 48th session
| Current version is a truncated version of longer version introduced in all financing resolutions in the 48th session
|-
| 12
| ''Takes note'' of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Mission for the period from '''PREVIOUS FINANCIAL PERIOD''';
|
| This paragraph references the most recent performance report, if applicable.
|- 
| 13
| Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for '''MISSION NAME''' the amount of '''TOTAL APPROPRIATION''' for the period from '''NEXT FINANCIAL PERIOD''', inclusive of '''APPROVED LEVEL OF MISSION''' for the maintenance of the Mission, '''MISSION SHARE OF SUPPORT ACCOUNT''' for the support account for peacekeeping operations, '''MISSION SHARE OF UNLB''' for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, and '''MISSION SHARE OF RSCE''' for the Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, Uganda;
|
| Member States do not receive separate assessments for the support account, UNLB and RSCE. Instead, these accounts are financed, pro rata, through missions. The total appropriation for each mission includes the actual requirements for the mission plus the mission's share of the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets, as calculated by the Secretariat. Fifth Committee negotiation of an individual mission budget only determines the approved level of that specific mission; the other figures (the total appropriation and the mission share of the the support account, UNLB and RSCE budgets) can only be filled in after the Fifth Committee has reached agreement on the level of the support account, UNLB and RSCE.
|-
| 14
| ''Decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from 1 July '''CURRENT YEAR''' to '''DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| The Secretariat is only authorized to send assessment letters to finance the activities of a mission until the expiration of its current mandate, even though the budget is approved for the full year. The amount in this paragraph is a prorated amount reflecting the portion of the budget falling within the current mandate period. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 15
| ''Also decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''14''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
| 
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 14 corresponding to the TEF, which was established in [https://undocs.org/a/res/973(X) resolution 973 (X)]. The Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee
|-
| 16
| ''Further decides'' to apportion among Member States the amount of '''AMOUNT''' for the period from '''THE DAY AFTER DATE OF CURRENT MANDATE EXPIRATION''' to 30 June '''NEXT YEAR''' in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''YEAR(S)''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''', subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission;
|
| This amount represents the remainder of the budget. The amount in this paragraph, when added to the amount in paragraph 14, should yield the total appropriation in paragraph 13. The year(s) for the scale of assessments should be the current year or the current and next year, depending on the year in which the mandate expires. 
|-
| 17
| ''Decides'' that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph '''16''' above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund…
|
| This is the portion of the amount in paragraph 16 corresponding to the TEF. As with paragraph 15, the Secretariat calculates these figures based on the levels agreed by the Fifth Committee.
|-
| 18
| Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 14 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution '''PEACEKEEPING SCALE RESOLUTION''', taking into account the scale of assessments for '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', as set out in its resolution '''REGULAR BUDGET SCALE RESOLUTION''';
|
| For Member States without outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be credited against their assessment for the next financial period.  
|-
| 19
| ''Further decides'' that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Mission, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''PREVIOUS YEAR''', in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 18 above;
| 50th session
| For Member States with outstanding contributions to the mission, their share of the unencumbered balance from the previous financial period will be used to meet those outstanding obligations. Before the 50th session, no distinction was made between Member States with or without outstanding contributions, and each Member State's share of the unencumbered balance was applied to the assessment for the next financial period. 
|-
| 20
| ''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; 
| 53rd session; &lt;br /&gt;dropped during 73rd session
| Paragraph 9 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241]; inserted due to G77 concern at non-standard process for requesting commitment authority for UNMIK&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid''. Note that prior to the 53rd session, the Secretary-General did temporarily borrow across mission accounts to meet liquidity challenges, as noted in paragraph 5 of [https://undocs.org/A/46/600 A/46/600] ("I was obliged to borrow from the few peace-keeping funds which had cash in excess of their immediate requirements in order to meet both regular budget obligations and the cash requirements of other new peace-keeping operations.") and paragraph 28 of [https://undocs.org/A/50/666 A/50/666] ("In order to continue operating at all, it was necessary, for long periods of time, to borrow cash temporarily available from other missions or fromt he Peace-keeping Reserve Fund").&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Paragraph was dropped during the 73rd session, during which the General Assembly adopted [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/307 resolution 73/307] approving the management of cash balances of all active peacekeeping missions as a pool in . 
|-
| 21
| ''Encourages'' the Secretary-General to continue to take additional measures to ensure the safety and security of all personnel under the auspices of the United Nations participating in the Mission, bearing in mind paragraphs 5 and 6 of Security Council resolution 1502(2003) of 26 August 2003;
| 59th session
| The current formulation, which includes the clause referencing [https://undocs.org/s/res/1502(2003) resolution 1502] dates from the resumed part of the 59th session in 2005.&lt;ref&gt;It was not included, for example, in the UNAMSIL financing resolution from the main session ([https://undocs.org/a/res/59/14 resolution 59/14A]), but included in the resolution during the resumed session ([https://undocs.org/a/res/59/14B resolution 59/14B]).&lt;/ref&gt; The first part of the paragraph has been standard since 1999.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/241 resolution 53/241] on UNMIK&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| 22
| ''Invites'' voluntary contributions to the Mission in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly;
|
| A request for voluntary contributions has been included in resolutions at least since the 1970s, including with the financing of UNIFIL in [https://undocs.org/a/res/s-8/2 resolution S-8/2].
|-
| 23
| Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its '''NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION''' the item entitled “Financing of '''MISSION NAME'''”.
|
| Includes this agenda item in the programme for the next session of the General Assembly
|}

== Mission-specific language ==

=== UNFICYP ===
{| class="wikitable"
! | Paragraph
! | First&amp;nbsp;appearance
! | Commentary
|-
| ''Noting that'' voluntary contributions were insufficient to cover all the costs of the Force, including those incurred by troop-contributing Governments prior to 16 June 1993, and regretting the absence of an adequate response to appeals for voluntary contributions, including that contained in the letter dated 17 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to all Member States,
| 47th session 
| A version of this paragraph first appeared as a preambular paragraph in [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/236 resolution 47/236]; reflects the fact that, prior to 1993, UNFICYP was financed through voluntary contributions
|-
| ''Also decides'', taking into account its voluntary contribution for the financial period ended 30 June '''YEAR''', that one third of the net unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' dollars in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''YEAR''' shall be returned to the Government of Cyprus;
| 56th session
| See General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/502 resolution 56/502] as revised in [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/48 A/C.5/56/48]
|-
| ''Further decides'', taking into account its voluntary contribution for the financial period ended 30 June '''YEAR''', that the prorated share of the net unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of '''AMOUNT''' dollars in respect of the financial period ended 30 June '''YEAR''' shall be returned to the Government of Greece;
| 56th session
| See General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/502 resolution 56/502] as revised in [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/48 A/C.5/56/48]
|}

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]

=== UNIFIL ===
A number of paragraphs related to the 1996 Qana incident are included in the UNIFIL financing resolutions. See [[Consensus#Fifth Committee|Consensus in the Fifth Committee]].

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>6d1011e288fc12031423f103f32924ffeba7e497</sha1>
  </revision>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions</title>
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    <text bytes="5603" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of sixteen members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the Fifth Committee. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services.  

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)] and the current sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103]. 

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, three members come from the African Group, four from the Asian Group, two from the Eastern European Group, three from the Latin America and the Caribbean Group and four from the Western Europe and Others Group.

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level. 

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an executive meeting to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote. 

The report of the ACABQ is considered by the General Assembly through its [[Fifth Committee]], which typically focuses its considerations on the conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ—which are denoted in '''bold''' type in the report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="5603" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of sixteen members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the Fifth Committee. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services.  

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)] and the current sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103]. 

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an executive meeting to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote. 

The report of the ACABQ is considered by the General Assembly through its [[Fifth Committee]], which typically focuses its considerations on the conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ—which are denoted in '''bold''' type in the report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>d4dd7c3e1e642a29afa35132a0406473088d6187</sha1>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* See also */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5657" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of sixteen members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the Fifth Committee. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services.  

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)] and the current sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103]. 

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an executive meeting to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote. 

The report of the ACABQ is considered by the General Assembly through its [[Fifth Committee]], which typically focuses its considerations on the conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ—which are denoted in '''bold''' type in the report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
* [https://www.un.org/ga/acabq/ Website of the ACABQ]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>47517ad35527d90ca19a16ec3ef513e0a31d7aef</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>13</id>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="8908" xml:space="preserve">The '''[[Fifth Committee]]''' has developed different practices when taking action on reports submitted by different individuals or bodies. The below is adapted from a working document maintained by the Secretariat of the Fifth Committee.

=== Reports of the Secretary-General ===
When the General Assembly “takes note” of reports of the Secretary-General or recommendations contained in these reports this means that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.
The General Assembly traditionally either “takes note”, or “takes note with appreciation” or “welcomes” reports of the Secretary-General. By doing so the Assembly is effectively indicating that it has seen these reports and that they are no longer on the list of documents to be considered by the Assembly.

=== Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions === 
It is the practice of the General Assembly to “endorse” the recommendations contained in the reports of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] (ACABQ), usually “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. This effectively means that the Assembly agrees with all of the observations and recommendations contained in bold in the Advisory Committee’s reports, and where it does not agree the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse.
Since the report of the Advisory Committee is endorsed overall, when the Assembly “takes note” of a particular paragraph of the Advisory Committee’s report, this indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.&lt;ref&gt;There have been a number of instances in which the General Assembly has disagreed with all conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ by taking note of entire ACABQ reports, including [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/251 resolution 61/251] on the Capital Master Plan and [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/241 64/241] on ASHI&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Reports of the Office of Internal Oversight Services === 
When the General Assembly “takes note” of an [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]] (OIOS) report, which contains the comments of the Secretary-General, the Assembly is effectively requesting the Secretary-General to implement the recommendations of OIOS, taking into account the comments of the Secretary-General’s. As a result, “takes note” is equal to “endorsement” of the report but any departure from the comments of the Secretary-General would need to be clearly articulated in the resolution.

=== Recommendations of the Board of Auditors === 
The General Assembly usually “accepts” the financial report and audited financial statements of the [[Board of Auditors]] (BOA) and normally “approves” the recommendations and conclusions contained in the Board’s reports, in their entirety. In cases where the Assembly cannot reach agreement on specific recommendations of the BOA, rather than single out these specific sections, it has been the practice of the General Assembly to recall previous relevant resolutions relating to the substance of the issue under discussion (for example on human resources). It is then the understanding that the Secretary-General should not implement those recommendations. 
The General Assembly does not make direct requests to the BOA. In accordance with article VII, regulation 7.7 of the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations, the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions may request the BOA to perform certain specific examinations and issue separate reports on the results. Therefore the General Assembly may request the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions to request the BOA to undertake particular action.

=== Reports of the Independent Audit Advisory Committee === 
It is the understanding of the Fifth Committee (see Summary Records of 28th meeting of the sixty-third session – (A/C.5/63/SR.28) that if the Committee “takes note” of recommendations of the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] (IAAC) related to the Office of Internal Oversight Services it agrees with these recommendations and will then further request the Secretary-General to implement them.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to subjects other than the Office of Internal Oversight Services then the Committee considers these in the context of General Assembly decision 55/488, whereby “takes note” indicates that the Assembly neither agrees nor disagrees.

It is the understanding of the Committee that observations and recommendations of the IAAC relating to the review of the mandate of the Office of Internal Oversight Services will be “endorsed” and, if modified by the Fifth Committee, this will be “subject to the provisions of the present resolution”. As with reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, where the Committee does not agree with a recommendation of the IAAC the resolution will contain language specifying which particular recommendations they do not endorse by using “takes note” of a particular paragraph. This indicates that the Assembly does not agree with its content and therefore the recommendations contained therein should not be implemented.

In the case of recommendations of the IAAC related to the budget of the Office of Internal Oversight Services, these will be submitted through the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the Committee will decide on these recommendations in the context of the ACABQ’s recommendations on the proposals.

=== Reports of the Joint Inspection Unit === 
; Annual report and programme of work of the [[Joint Inspection Unit]] (JIU)
: The Annual Report of the Joint Inspection Unit along with its programme of work for the coming year is presented annually to the General Assembly at the Fifth Committee’s first resumed session (resolution 61/260). The Assembly “takes note (usually with appreciation) of the JIU’s annual report.

; Reports of the JIU
: According to Article 11.4 (d) of the Statute of the JIU, the Secretary-General can present his comments in an addendum to the JIU report, where he will indicate how he intends to address the recommendations. In cases where recommendations of the JIU require policy decisions by the General Assembly these will require action in the relevant resolution to “request the Secretary-General to implement.”

=== Reports of the International Civil Service Commission ===
When considering the reports of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] (ICSC), the General Assembly “takes note” of the report and of any decisions that are within the competence of the Commission (such as to keep under its review particular questions). Any decisions or recommendations of the ICSC that require action by the General Assembly, for example regarding remuneration or increases to allowances, the General Assembly, if it agrees, will “approve” the ICSC’s recommendations.

=== Reports of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board ===
The General Assembly “takes note” of the report of the [[United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board|Pension Board]] (UNJSPB) and the information it contains. In the case of proposals or recommendations by the Board that require decision of the Assembly, such as any proposed changes to regulations or provisions of the Pension Fund, the General Assembly will “approve”.

In addition, the Secretary-General prepares a report on the administrative and financial implications of any decisions by the UNJSPB. This report is considered by the ACABQ and the General Assembly will therefore also “endorse” the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee (see above).

=== Reports of the Committee on Contributions ===
The General Assembly will consider the reports of the [[Committee on Contributions]] in its preamblular part i.e. “having considered”. Where there are specific observations or recommendations in the Committee’s report that the General Assembly approves, it will “endorse” the relevant section or paragraph in the report.

=== Reports of the Committee for Programme and Coordination ===
The General Assembly “endorses” the conclusions and recommendations of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] (CPC) contained in each chapter of its report. If the Assembly does not agree with any recommendation or conclusion of the Committee this will be reflected in the resolution (for example further changes to the Strategic Framework – see the Annex to resolution 61/235). Any additional requests or decisions by the Assembly will be contained in the text of the draft resolution.

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>COE and MOU Management Review Board</title>
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    <text bytes="3993" xml:space="preserve">The '''COE and MOU Management Review Board (CMMRB)''' is a mission-level decision-making body to ensure an integrated and systematic approach in executing [[contingent-owned equipment]] (COE) and [[memorandum of understanding]] (MOU) management and control functions in the mission. The CMMRB provides cross-functional guidance on the assessment of COE and periodically reviews the capabilities of contingents..

The CMMRB meets at least once per quarter. Its counterpart at Headquarters is the [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]].

== Composition ==
The standard composition of the CMMRB&lt;ref&gt;[https://ppdb.un.org/Policy%20Guidance%20Database/COE%20Field%20Implementation%20Guidelines%2020180425%200427%20(Final%20May%202018)%20signed.pdf 2018.06 Guidelines for field verification and control of COE]&lt;/ref&gt; is as follows:

* '''Chair:''' Director or Chief of [[Mission structures#Mission support component|Mission Support]]
* '''Vice-Chair:''' Deputy Force Commander and/or Deputy Police Commissioner
* '''Membership''' typically includes:
** [[Military component|Force HQ]] Chief of Staff and/or Force HQ Chief of Operations (J-3)
** [[Police component|Formed Police Unit]] Coordinator
** Chief, Service Delivery and/or Chief, Supply Chain Management
** Chief, Mission Support Centre (formerly Joint Logistics Operations Centre)
* '''Secretary:''' Chief, COE Unit

== Functions ==
The functions of the CMMRB include, but are not limited to:&lt;ref&gt;[https://ppdb.un.org/Policy%20Guidance%20Database/COE%20Field%20Implementation%20Guidelines%2020180425%200427%20(Final%20May%202018)%20signed.pdf 2018.06 Guidelines for field verification and control of COE]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Overseeing the implementation and management of the mission COE programme.
* Reviewing the mission’s quarterly COE status report, including by assessing contingent performance, analyzing shortfalls and other deficiencies and recommending remedial actions.
* Assessing the compliance of both the mission and contingents with their responsibilities under their MOUs.
* Reviewing mission-specific requirements, standards and scales of issue for facilities, equipment and supplies associated with [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]] categories
* Ensuring adherence to the established COE verification and reporting procedures and reviewing mission SOPs to ensure conformity with the requirements of the [[Contingent-owned equipment#COE Manual|COE Manual]]. 
* Recommending amendments to MOUs resulting from changes in operational requirements and contingent performance including reinforcements, repatriation of surplus equipment, transfer of responsibilities for self-sustainment support, etc.
* Recommending amendments to MOU to include items of [[contingent-owned equipment#Major equipment|major equipment]] deployed in lieu of major equipment agreed in an MOU if such equipment has similar capability/performance or meets the operational requirement.
* Periodically reviewing, at least once every 3 years, [[contingent-owned equipment#Factors|mission factors]] for confirmation or recommendation for adjustments.
* Reviewing the requirement for explosive ordinance disposal requirements under self-sustaiment 18 months after deployment.
* Resolving disputes with the contingent representatives on COE/MOU related issues that cannot be resolved at the working level.
* Reviewing the findings on whether absent or non-functional major equipment due to reasons beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country.
* Reviewing, based on operational requirements within the mission, the potential rotation at United Nations expense of eligible equipment that is no longer operable, for which continued maintenance is not economical in the mission area and which has been deployed for more than its estimated useful life.

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="4023" xml:space="preserve">The '''COE and MOU Management Review Board (CMMRB)''' is a mission-level decision-making body to ensure an integrated and systematic approach in executing [[contingent-owned equipment]] (COE) and [[memorandum of understanding]] (MOU) management and control functions in the mission. The CMMRB provides cross-functional guidance on the assessment of COE and periodically reviews the capabilities of contingents..

The CMMRB meets at least once per quarter. Its counterpart at Headquarters is the [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]].

== Composition ==
The standard composition of the CMMRB&lt;ref&gt;[https://ppdb.un.org/Policy%20Guidance%20Database/COE%20Field%20Implementation%20Guidelines%2020180425%200427%20(Final%20May%202018)%20signed.pdf 2018.06 Guidelines for field verification and control of COE]&lt;/ref&gt; is as follows:

* '''Chair:''' Director or Chief of [[Mission structures#Mission support component|Mission Support]]
* '''Vice-Chair:''' Deputy Force Commander and/or Deputy Police Commissioner
* '''Membership''' typically includes:
** [[Military component|Force HQ]] Chief of Staff and/or Force HQ Chief of Operations (J-3)
** [[Police component|Formed Police Unit]] Coordinator
** Chief, Service Delivery and/or Chief, Supply Chain Management
** Chief, Mission Support Centre (formerly Joint Logistics Operations Centre)
* '''Secretary:''' Chief, COE Unit

== Functions ==
The functions of the CMMRB include, but are not limited to:&lt;ref&gt;[https://ppdb.un.org/Policy%20Guidance%20Database/COE%20Field%20Implementation%20Guidelines%2020180425%200427%20(Final%20May%202018)%20signed.pdf 2018.06 Guidelines for field verification and control of COE]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Overseeing the implementation and management of the mission COE programme.
* Reviewing the mission’s quarterly COE status report, including by assessing contingent performance, analyzing shortfalls and other deficiencies and recommending remedial actions.
* Assessing the compliance of both the mission and contingents with their responsibilities under their MOUs.
* Reviewing mission-specific requirements, standards and scales of issue for facilities, equipment and supplies associated with [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]] categories
* Ensuring adherence to the established COE verification and reporting procedures and reviewing mission SOPs to ensure conformity with the requirements of the [[Contingent-owned equipment#COE Manual|COE Manual]]. 
* Recommending amendments to MOUs resulting from changes in operational requirements and contingent performance including reinforcements, repatriation of surplus equipment, transfer of responsibilities for self-sustainment support, etc.
* Recommending amendments to MOU to include items of [[contingent-owned equipment#Major equipment|major equipment]] deployed in lieu of major equipment agreed in an MOU if such equipment has similar capability/performance or meets the operational requirement.
* Periodically reviewing, at least once every 3 years, [[contingent-owned equipment#Factors|mission factors]] for confirmation or recommendation for adjustments.
* Reviewing the requirement for explosive ordinance disposal requirements under self-sustaiment 18 months after deployment.
* Resolving disputes with the contingent representatives on COE/MOU related issues that cannot be resolved at the working level.
* Reviewing the findings on whether absent or non-functional major equipment due to reasons beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country.
* Reviewing, based on operational requirements within the mission, the potential rotation at United Nations expense of eligible equipment that is no longer operable, for which continued maintenance is not economical in the mission area and which has been deployed for more than its estimated useful life.

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]

== References ==

[[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
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    <text bytes="8759" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the T/PCC and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Types of contingent-owned equipment ==
All COE falls under one of two types, which are reimbursed in different ways: '''major equipment''', or equipment used by a contingent to support the mission mandate (e.g. vehicles, and '''self-sustainment''', or equipment used by the contingent to support itself (e.g. catering, laundry, office supplies). Some categories of equipment can be reimbursed as either major equipment or self-sustainment based on how it is used, e.g. electrical and medical equipment. 

=== Major equipment ===
Major equipment is reimbursed per item or set of equipment using a monthly rate calculated based on the total cost of the equipment and its estimated useful life. If the contingent is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a wet lease), a maintenance factor is included in the reimbursement rate. Otherwise, the UN is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a dry lease). The reimbursement rate also includes a no-fault incident factor, which addresses costs that may be incurred in dealing with damage resulting from no-fault incidents. No reimbursement is paid on account of equipment that is not present or serviceable. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex A&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Self-sustainment ===
In the MOU, the UN and the T/PCC agree on which categories of self-sustainment will be provided by the UN and which by the contingent. For those categories provided by the contingent, reimbursement is paid on a per-person, per-month basis if the agreed service is provided to UN standard. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex B&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Factors ===
Reimbursement rates also take into account a number of factors that provide additional reimbursement. These include
* '''Mission factors'''&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 7&lt;/ref&gt;
** Extreme environmental conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Intensified operational conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Hostile action or forced abandonment factor (maximum of 5% bonus to self-sustainment rates or half of the maintenance rate for major equipment)
* '''Incremental transportation factor''' &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;
** Calculated based on the distance between port of embarkation for in the T/PCC and the port of entry of the mission area, to account for the costs of maintaining supply lines for spare parts, consumables, etc. Applies to the maintenance rate for major equipment only. 

== Loss or damage == 
Loss or damage due to no-fault incidents is covered under the no-fault incident factor.

Loss or damage due to hostile action is covered under the hostile action or forced abandonment mission factor for low-value loss/damage. For high-value single incidents or cumulative losses, the T/PCC can file a claim with the UN.&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 6&lt;/ref&gt; 

== COE Working Group ==
The COE Working Group meets for a two-week session every three years and makes recommendations to the [[Fifth Committee]] of the General Assembly on the basis of issue papers submitted either by Member States or the Secretariat. These recommendations are contained in a report transmitted in a letter from the Chair of the Working Group to the Chair of the Fifth Committee. In recent years, the COE Working Group has divided its work amongst three sub-working groups, one covering major equipment, one covering self-sustainment and one covering medical issues (given the level of specialized expertise required). 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [http://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. The COE Manual is issued after the General Assembly has taken action on the recommendations of the COE Working Group and reflects the updated policies, procedures and rates related to COE, as well as the text of the model [[memorandum of understanding]].

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2017 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

== See also ==
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Personnel reimbursement]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Memorandum of understanding</title>
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    <text bytes="6819" xml:space="preserve">A '''memorandum of understanding''' (MOU) is an agreement between two parties. In the context of peacekeeping operations, the term generally refers to the agreement between a troop- or police-contributing country and the United Nations with regard to the personnel, major equipment and self-sustainment capability to be deployed as part of a single military or police contingent to a specific peacekeeping mission. 

== Model memorandum of understanding ==

MOUs are based on the model MOU agreed by the General Assembly; there are separate MOUs for military contingents and police contingents because of the different [[categories of personnel|legal status]] of troops and members of [[formed police units]]. The text of the model MOU is contained in the [[contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]].

== Key elements of the MOU ==
The MOU sets forth the responsibilities of the United Nations and the contributing country. In addition to addressing contributions of personnel and equipment and the associated [[reimbursement]] and support, the MOU also spells out responsibilities related to conduct, discipline, investigations and accountability. These latter elements are relevant in cases of misconduct, such as allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].

Specific issues relevant to deployment, such as reimbursement rates and standards, as well as copies of relevant policy documents are appended to the MOU in annexes. The annexes currently appended to MOUs (since 1 July 2017) are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Military annex 
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | FPU annex
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Description
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| A
| A
| Personnel
| Includes appendix on individual kit of soldiers and FPU members, respectively
|-
| B
| B
| Major equipment
| 
|-
| C
| C
| Self-sustainment
| 
|-
| D
| D
| Principles of verification and performance standards for major equipment
| 
|-
| E
| E
| Principles of verification and performance standards for self-sustainment
| 
|-
| F
| F
| Principles of verification and performance standards for medical support
| 
|-
| G
| G
| [[Statement of unit requirement]]
| Included as an annex based on a recommendation by the [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
|-
| H
| H
| Definitions
| 
|-
| I
| 
| Guidelines for troop-contributing countries
| 
|-
| 
| I
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/13 Bulletin on observance by United Nations forces of international humanitarian law]
| 
|-
| 
| J
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 Regulations governing the status, basic rights and duties of officials other than Secretariat officials and experts on mission]
| 
|-
| 
| K
| Guidelines for formed police units on assignment with peace operations
| 
|-
| 
| L
| Directives for disciplinary matters involving civilian police officers and military observers
| Establishes procedures to be followed for breaches of conduct by civilian police officers and military observers
|-
| J
| M
| We are United Nations peacekeeping personnel
| Code of conduct for peacekeepers distributed to each soldier and police officer
|-
| K
| N
| Environmental policy for United Nations field missions
| 
|}

== Historical overview ==
The MOU began as the "Contribution Agreement" setting out the respective responsibilities of the United Nations and a troop-contributing countries. In the 2000s, the MOU underwent significant development following revelations of significant number of allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] against peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Fourth Committee (through the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]), the Fifth Committee (through the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Working Group]]) and the Sixth Committee have all played roles in the development of the MOU as it currently exists today. 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]] report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | COE manual
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|ACABQ]] report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E]
| 17 June 1997
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/995 A/50/995]
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/646 A/51/646]
| SG report contains proposed text of Contribution Agreement
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/967 A/51/967], [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.1 Corr.1] and [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.2 Corr.2]
| [http://undocs.org/a/52/410 A/52/410]
| SG report contains revised model Contribution Agreement, now called the model MOU
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/57/314 57/314]
| 18 June 2003
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/56/939 A/56/939]
| [http://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772]
| SG report requests GA approval of model MOU; includes MOU process map
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/300 59/300]
| 22 June 2005
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/19/rev.1 A/59/19/Rev.1]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 39 of part 2
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/263 60/263]
| 6 June 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19 A/60/19]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 74
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/289 60/289]
| 8 September 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19/add.1 A/60/19/Add.1]
| 
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraphs 5 and 8
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/29 61/29]
| 4 December 2006
| 
| 
| 
| 
| Resolution on criminal accountability; took note of recommendation of Group of Legal Experts ([http://undocs.org/a/60/980 A/60/980], para 65) to establish separate MOUs for military and police
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
| 
| 
| 2005 COE Manual; chapter 9 was basis for negotiation by ad hoc group of experts
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/267B 61/267B]
| 24 July 2007
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/19/Rev.1 A/61/19/Rev.1]
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/494 A/61/494]
| 
| Resolution approved amendments to model MOU. A/61/494 is an SG report to C-34
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
| 
| 
| 2008 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
| 
| 
| 2011 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
| 
| 
| 2014 COE Manual
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
| 
| 
| 2017 COE Manual
|}

== See also ==
* [[Force generation]]
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20190813164057|455">
  <title>Mission structures</title>
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    <text bytes="7676" xml:space="preserve">Many elements of '''mission structures''' are consistent across missions, though details of reporting lines and nomenclature can vary based on the specifics of the mandate. This page describes the functions and organization of the main structures in a [[multidimensional mission|multidimensional peacekeeping mission]]. 

== Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General ==
The SRSG is the head of mission and is usually the senior UN official in the country. For large field missions, the SRSG is an official of Under-Secretary-General (USG) rank, while in smaller missions the SRSG is often an official of Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) rank. 

=== Office of the Chief of Staff ===
* '''Joint Operations Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) situational awareness and supports mission crisis management.
* '''Joint Mission Analysis Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) integrated analysis and assessments in support of mission planning and decision-making.
* '''Strategic Planning Unit''': supports development of mission-wide planning documents. In most missions, the SPU also tracks the [[peacekeeping financing|results-based budgeting framework]]. 
* '''Board of Inquiry Unit''': supports mission boards of inquiry, which are convened when there are incidents involving death, serious injury or loss or damage to property. 
* '''Conduct and Discipline Team''': supports the Head of Mission on ensuring conduct and discipline in the mission, including in implementing measures to prevent [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].
* '''Legal''' 
* '''Field Office Coordination''': facilitates coordination between mission headquarters and mission offices at the state/region level. 
=== Security section ===
: Headed by a Chief Security Adviser. Often colloquially referred to as DSS, as the key officers are from the UN Department of Safety and Security (DSS). Responsible for ensuring the safety and security of all UN personnel (field mission and UN Country Team) and for supporting the SRSG in his/her role as the Designated Official (DO) responsible for the entire country under the UN Security Management System.
=== Public information ===
: The public information section is headed by the mission spokesperson and is responsible for strategic communications. In some missions, the mission operates a radio station (e.g. Radio Miraya in UNMISS); these are part of the public information section. 

== Substantive component == 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (Political) ===
: DSRSGs are deputies to the SRSG. One of the two deputies is generally responsible for issues related to the peace process or political situation. 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (RC/HC) ===
: In [[integrated mission|structurally-integrated missions]], one of the two DSRSGs concurrently serves as the [[United Nations country team|Resident Coordinator]] and, in some cases, also the [[Humanitarian country team|Humanitarian Coordinator]]. 
=== Substantive offices === 
: These are units reporting to one of the DSRSGs. With the exception of political affairs, which always reports to the DSRSG(P), the various units can report to either DSRSG depending on the specific mission.
* '''Political Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with government and political processes 
* '''Civil Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with communities and local authorities
* '''Electoral Affairs'''
* '''Human Rights''' 
* '''Child Protection'''
* '''Women’s Protection'''
* '''Security Sector Reform'''
* '''Rule of Law/Justice and Corrections'''
* '''Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration'''
* '''Mine Action'''

== Military component ==
The [[military component]] in a multidimensional mission is headed by the '''Force Commander'''. The military component can consist of different types of military personnel, including troops, military staff officers, [[military observers]] and military liaison officers. 
=== Force headquarters&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89596 Force Headquarters Handbook]&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: The day-to-day management of Force Headquarters is the responsibility of the Force Chief of Staff. Force Headquarters are generally arranged along the basis of the continental staff system, as follows:
* '''Personnel and Administration''' (U-1)
* '''Intelligence''' (U-2)
* '''Operations''' (U-3)
* '''Logistics''' (U-4)
* '''Plans and Policy''' (U-5)
* '''Communications''' (U-6)
* '''Training''' (U-7)
* '''Engineering''' (U-8)
* '''CIMIC''' (U-9)
=== Sector headquarters ===
: Due to the size of the mission area, missions are generally organized into multiple sectors, each with a Sector Commander subordinate to the Force Commander. The Force Headquarters structure is often replicated at a lower level for each sector. 

: Note that military sectors do not always align with the organization of mission field offices. 

== Police component ==
The [[United Nations police|police component]] is headed by the '''Police Commissioner'''. The police component consists of individually-deployed police officers (IPOs) and, in some missions, formed police units responsible for public order maintenance. In most missions, IPOs have a training and capacity development function, though in some missions, the police component has an executive mandate and exercises law enforcement authority within the mission area. 

== Mission support component ==
The mission support structure presented below reflects the DFS guidance on mission support structures issued in September 2017&lt;ref&gt;DFS Supplementary Guidance on Mission Support Structures, 1 September 2017&lt;/ref&gt;, though some missions still follow the legacy structure and nomenclature. 

The mission support component is headed by a director (D-2) or chief (D-1) of mission support responsible for the general management of the human, financial and physical resources of the mission. The Office of the DMS generally includes the aviation safety, audit response, occupational health and safety and information and records management functions. 

=== Operations and resource management === 
: This pillar brings together cross-cutting mission support functions. 
* '''Human Resources Section'''
* '''Budget/Financial Resourcing and Performance Section'''
* '''Field Technology Section''' (previously Geospatial, Information Technology and Telecommunications Section)
* '''Mission Support Centre''': The support planning function for the mission
=== Service delivery management === 
: The service delivery pillar provides logistics support services to the mission. 
* '''Transport Section''': manages mission vehicle fleet (only UN-owned equipment; does not cover [[contingent-owned equipment]])
* '''Aviation Section''': manages mission air operations, including military utility helicopters. 
* '''Medical Section'''
* '''Engineering and Facilities Maintenance Section'''
* '''Life Support Section''': Manages fuel, rations/catering and general supply. 
=== Supply chain management === 
: This pillar includes the supply chain planning, sourcing, delivery, return and enabling functions.
* '''Property Management Section'''
* '''Acquisitions Management Section''': covers acquisition planning, requisitioning and contract performance evaluation 
* '''Procurement Section'''
* '''Central Warehousing Section'''
* '''Movement Control Section''' (MOVCON): Facilitates the movement of UN-owned equipment, contingent-owned equipment and personnel

== See also ==
* [[United Nations country team]]
* [[Humanitarian country team]]

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
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    <text bytes="6355" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Includes AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
=== Financing ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations

=== Cooperation with the AU ===
* phttps://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="6355" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Includes AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
=== Financing ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations

=== Cooperation with the AU ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780] Strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of UNOAU

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="6115" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Includes AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
=== Financing ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations

=== Cooperation with the AU ===
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[UNOAU]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <comment>Added SPM budgets from main part of 74th session</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="10870" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 74 ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 74 || || || ||
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10999" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 74 ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 74 || || || ||
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11117" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 74 ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 74 || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="12136" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>45dc7fc5752aad6c6018bc329402bbb6f99264a1</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <text bytes="12500" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

As of 2018, the structure of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Section name
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | First introduced
! style="background-color:#333333; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| Introduction 
| 
| 
|-
| Guiding principles, definitions and implementation of mandates
| 
| 
|-
| Restructuring of peacekeeping
| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008 report]
| Section created following the restructuring of DPKO and the establishment of DFS in 2007
|-
| Safety and security
| 
| 
|-
| Conduct and discipline 
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 report]
| Section created following allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse in the United Nations Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) 
|-
| Strengthening operational capacity
| 
| Section covers issues related to military and police components in peacekeeping missions
|-
| Strategies for complex peacekeeping operations
| 
| Section covers tasks mandated by the Security Council
|-
| Cooperation with troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Triangular cooperation among the Security Council, the Secretariat and the troop-contributing and police-contributing countries
| 
| 
|-
| Cooperation with regional arrangements
| 
| 
|-
| Enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities
| 
| 
|-
| Developing stronger United Nations field support arrangements
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010 report]
| Section created to provide C-34 views on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| Best practices and training 
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012 report]
| Prior to 2012, "Best practices" and "Training" were two separate sections
|-
| Personnel 
| 
| 
|-
| Financial issues 
| 
| 
|-
| Other matters 
| 
| 
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19 A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>ff8ddc3b29128bcd75dd333c76923c3ad968ecaf</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>535</id>
    <parentid>508</parentid>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12782" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

The sections of the C-34 report is as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]]  || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security  ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence   ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC ||
|-
| G3 || DDR ||
|-
| G4 || SSR ||
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||
|-
| G6 || Gender ||
|-
| G7 || Children ||
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs ||   
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation ||  
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements || 
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]]  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] ||  
|-
| P || Other matters || Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>007b47c96314e9b5342b3ff742eb8f9e95edb252</sha1>
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    <text bytes="13941" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

The sections of the C-34 report is as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019 !! 2020 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * || || || 
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  ||  ||    
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||  ||  ||   
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||  ||  ||   
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||   
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||  || Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="13887" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="13947" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2020 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="14022" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2019, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/2019/INF/3 A/AC.121/2019/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2020 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="14026" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2020, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/AC.121/2020/INF/3 A/AC.121/2020/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2020 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || 
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="14156" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2020, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/AC.121/2020/INF/3 A/AC.121/2020/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || First report under new format structured around the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] priority areas
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1126" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations Flag''' is one of the most recognizable symbols of the Organization.   

== General Assembly resolutions ==

The General Assembly, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/167(II) 167(II)] of 20 October 1947 stated:
&lt;blockquote&gt;Resolves that the flag of the United Nations shall be the [[United Nations emblem|official emblem adopted by the General Assembly]]…centred on a light blue ground;
Directs the Secretary-General to draw up regulations concerning the dimensions and proprtions of the flag;
Authorizes the Secretary-General to adopt a flag code, having in mind the desirability of a regulated use of the flag and the protection of its dignity.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Flag Code and Regulations ==

The use of the United Nations flag is governed by the United Nations Flag Code and Regulations, which covers subjects such as the dimensions of the flag, flag protocol, use of the flag, prohibitions and mourning. 

The text of the '''United Nations Flag Code and Regulations''' can be found in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/132 ST/SGB/132]

[[Category:Legal]]

== See also ==
* [[United Nations emblem]]</text>
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    <text bytes="33" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[United Nations Flag]]</text>
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  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
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    <text bytes="4306" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 '''A/74/223''']
| 
| 
| SG report on the assessment of the Police Division requested by the General Assembly in resolution 72/262C
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223]. 

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20191026173305|505">
  <title>United Nations police</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="2344" xml:space="preserve">'''United Nations police''', or UNPOL, are frequently deployed as part of peacekeeping missions. UNPOL generally fall into two categories: individual police officers (IPOs) and members of formed police units (FPU).

In larger missions, the head of the '''police component''' is the Police Commissioner.  

== Reports of the Secretary-General ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/66/615 A/66/615] (2011) United Nations police
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/952 S/2016/952] United Nations policing
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1183 S/2018/1183] United Nations policing
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] (2019) Assessment of the Police Division

== Relevant policies ==
* 2018.04 Community-oriented policing manual
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400667 2017.14] Police Monitoring, Mentoring and Advising in Peace Operations (Manual)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400666 2017.13] Mission-based police planning in peace operations (Manual)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400658 2017.12] Guidelines on the role of UNPOL in [[protection of civilians]]
* 2017.09 SOP on assessment of formed police units
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400562 2016.26] Guidelines on police administration in United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions 
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10] Policy on formed police units in United Nations peacekeeping operations
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387383 2015.15] Guidelines on police operations in United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387384 2015.14] Guidelines on police command in United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/90511 2015.08] Guidelines on police capacity-building and development
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01] Policy on United Nations Police in peacekeeping operations and special political missions

In some cases, military units may perform tasks similar to those of the police component.
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/96199 Military Police manual]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400555 2016.23] Military Support for public order management in peacekeeping operations

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Military component]]

[[Category: Mandated tasks]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20191026173305|505">
  <title>Humanitarian country team</title>
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    <text bytes="2674" xml:space="preserve">The humanitarian country team (HCT) is the national-level decision-making forum. It is led by the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC), who reports to the Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC, i.e. the Under-Secretary-General for the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) at Headquarters. The HCT consists of representatives from the United Nations operational organizations present in the country, international NGOs and the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement.

In a structurally-[[integrated mission]] context, one of the [[mission structures|deputy heads of mission]] may simultaneously serve as [[United Nations country team|Resident Coordinator]] and HC. 

== Humanitarian coordination mechanisms ==
The current humanitarian coordination architecture was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/46/182 resolution 46/182] of 19 December 1991. This resolution established global and national-level coordination mechanisms, including the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) and the humanitarian cluster system.

=== Inter-Agency Standing Committee ===
The IASC is an inter-agency forum for coordination, policy development and decision-making involving key UN and non-UN partners. It is chaired by the ERC and consists of the heads of the UN operational organziations (UNDP, UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP, FAO, WHO, UN-HABITAT, OCHA and IOM). In addition, standing invitations have been extended to the ICRC, IFRC, OHCHR, UNFPA, the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs and the World Bank. The NGO consortia ICVA, InterAction and SCHR are also invited on a permanent basis to attend the IASC. 

=== Humanitarian cluster system ===
The cluster system is a coordination mechanism introduced by the IASC to enhance predictability and partnership amongst humanitarian actors. It designates, at a global level, the lead actors responsible for coordinating delivery in the major sectors of humanitarian services. The cluster leads usually perform these tasks at the national level for the HCT. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Cluster   !! Lead
|-
| Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)  || IOM/UNHCR 
|-
| Early Recovery || UNDP
|-
| Education   || UNICEF and Save the Children
|-
| Emergency Telecommunications || WFP
|-
| Food Security || WFP and FAO
|-
| Health || WHO
|-
| Logistics || WFP
|-
| Nutrition || UNICEF
|-
| Protection || UNHCR
|-
| Shelter || IFRC/UNHCR
|-
| Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) || UNICEF
|}

== See also ==
* [https://www.humanitarianresponse.info OCHA Humanitarian Response website]
* [https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/ Inter-Agency Standing Committee website]

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20191026173305|505">
  <title>Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="7133" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of sixteen members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], with its consideration of proposals with administrative or budgetary implications. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services. As such, they are referred to by their names and not by their country of nationality. 

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)] and the current sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103]. 

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

Most reports of the Secretary-General containing administrative and budgetary proposals are considered by the ACABQ prior to consideration by the [[Fifth Committee]]. The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are contained in reports that are reviewed by the Fifth Committee at the same time as it considers the proposals of the Secretary-General. 

=== ACABQ meetings ===

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an "executive meeting" to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote. 

=== ACABQ recommendations ===

The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are reflected in bold text in ACABQ reports. The general practice of the Fifth Committee is to use these conclusions and recommendations as the starting point of its deliberations. As such, most resolutions originating in the Fifth Committee contain an operative paragraph by which the General Assembly "endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution". When such a paragraph exists in a resolution, all conclusions and recommendations in the ACABQ report are understood to be endorsed except when (1) the General Assembly [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|takes note]] of a paragraph containing bold text, in which case those specific conclusions and recommendations are understood to not be endorsed, or (2) if the resolution contains language qualifying or contradicting any conclusions or recommendations in the ACABQ report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
* [https://www.un.org/ga/acabq/ Website of the ACABQ]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7525" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of 16 members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], with its consideration of proposals with administrative or budgetary implications. In 2021, the membership will expand to 21 members. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services. As such, they are referred to by their names and not by their country of nationality. 

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)],  sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103] and 21 in [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267].

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State, shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267], which takes effect on 1 January 2021, the representation will be as follows:
* African Group: 5 (+2)
* Asia and Pacific Group: 5 (+1)
* Eastern Europe Group: 3 (+1)
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 4 (+1)
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

Most reports of the Secretary-General containing administrative and budgetary proposals are considered by the ACABQ prior to consideration by the [[Fifth Committee]]. The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are contained in reports that are reviewed by the Fifth Committee at the same time as it considers the proposals of the Secretary-General. 

=== ACABQ meetings ===

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an "executive meeting" to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote. 

=== ACABQ recommendations ===

The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are reflected in bold text in ACABQ reports. The general practice of the Fifth Committee is to use these conclusions and recommendations as the starting point of its deliberations. As such, most resolutions originating in the Fifth Committee contain an operative paragraph by which the General Assembly "endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution". When such a paragraph exists in a resolution, all conclusions and recommendations in the ACABQ report are understood to be endorsed except when (1) the General Assembly [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|takes note]] of a paragraph containing bold text, in which case those specific conclusions and recommendations are understood to not be endorsed, or (2) if the resolution contains language qualifying or contradicting any conclusions or recommendations in the ACABQ report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
* [https://www.un.org/ga/acabq/ Website of the ACABQ]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Composition of the Secretariat</title>
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    <text bytes="2329" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual report on the '''composition of the Secretariat''', which is considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] every year under the human resources management agenda item. During odd-numbered sessions of the General Assembly, an addendum covering [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel, retirees and consultants]] is also submitted.

The reports provide statistics on staff composition broken down by gender, grade, Secretariat entity and age, as well as statistics related to geographical representation and the [[system of desirable ranges]]. 

== Secretary-General reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Composition report !! Addendum !! Notes
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/82 A/74/82] || ||
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79 A/73/79] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79/add.1 A/73/79/Add.1] || 
|-
| 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/123 A/72/123] || || Switch to calendar year reporting
|-
| 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360 A/71/360] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360/add.1 A/71/360/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014/15 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/764 A/70/764] || ||
|-
| 2013/14 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292 A/69/292] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292/add.1 A/69/292/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/356 A/68/356] || ||
|-
| 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329 A/67/329] || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329/add.1 A/67/329/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/347 A/66/347] || ||
|-
| 2009/10 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350 A/65/350] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350/add.1 A/65/350/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/352 A/64/352] || ||
|-
| 2007/08 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/310 A/63/310] || ||
|-
| 2006/07 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/315 A/62/315] || ||
|-
| 2005/06 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/257 A/61/257] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/257/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2004/05 || [https://undocs.org/A/60/310 A/60/310] || ||
|-
| 2003/04 || [https://undocs.org/A/59/299 A/59/299] || ||
|-
| 2002/03 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/666 A/58/666] || ||
|- 
| 2001/02 || [https://undocs.org/A/57/414 A/57/414] || ||
|-
| 2000/01 || [https://undocs.org/A/56/512 A/56/512] and [https://undocs.org/A/56/512/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="12856" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established by the [[Preparatory Commission]] of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

=== Process ===
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to [[Article 19]] of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

=== Methodology ===
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
=== Other proposals ===
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== Assessments for Member States and non-Member States ==
The Secretariat issues document each year indicating in dollar terms the assessment of each Member and non-Member State for the regular budget. 

Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;
This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || $3,084,608,300 || 74/264 C || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1008 ST/ADM/SER.B/1008] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1009 ST/ADM/SER.B/1009] ||
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || $45 mil related to the capital master plan to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/honourroll.shtml Status of Contributions] (from the website of the [[Committee on Contributions]])

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9662" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established by the [[Preparatory Commission]] of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

=== Process ===
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to [[Article 19]] of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

=== Methodology ===
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
=== Other proposals ===
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== Assessments for Member States and non-Member States ==
The Secretariat issues document each year indicating in dollar terms the assessment of each Member and non-Member State for the regular budget. 

Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;

This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/honourroll.shtml Status of Contributions] (from the website of the [[Committee on Contributions]])

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20191026173305|505">
  <title>Property Management (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
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    <text bytes="7340" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management''' 

== Sub-sections ==
=== [[Authority and responsibility (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Authority and responsibility]] ===
: '''Rule 105.20'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
The Secretary-General is responsible for the management of the property, plant and equipment, inventories and intangible assets of the United Nations, including all systems governing their receipt, valuation, recording, utilization, safekeeping, maintenance, transfer and disposal, including by sale, and shall designate the officials responsible for performing property management functions.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

: '''Rule 105.21'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
Physical verification shall be carried out and records maintained of property, plant and equipment, inventories and intangible assets of the Organization, in accordance with policies established by the Secretary-General.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== [[Review bodies related to property management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Review bodies related to property management]] ===
: '''Rule 105.22'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
(a) The Secretary-General shall establish review bodies for Headquarters and other locations to render written advice in respect of loss, damage, impairment or other discrepancy regarding the property, plant and equipment, inventories and intangible assets of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall establish the composition and terms of reference of such review bodies, which shall include procedures for determining the cause of such loss, damage, impairment or other discrepancy, the disposal action to be taken in accordance with rules 105.23 and 105.24 and the degree of responsibility, if any, attaching to any official of the United Nations or other party for such loss, damage or other discrepancy.

(b) Where the advice of a review body is required, no final action in respect of United Nations property loss, damage, impairment or other discrepancy may be taken before such advice is received. In cases where the Secretary-General decides not to accept the advice of such a body, he or she shall record in writing, the reasons for that decision.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== [[Sale/disposal of property (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Sale/disposal of property]] ===
: '''Rule 105.23'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
Property, plant and equipment, inventories and intangible assets of the United Nations that are declared surplus, unserviceable or obsolete following a recommendation by a review body shall be disposed of, transferred or sold after competitive bidding, unless the review body:

(a) Estimates that the sales value is less than an amount to be specified by the Secretary-General;

(b) Considers that the exchange of property in partial or full payment for replacement equipment or supplies is in the best interest of the Organization;

(c) Deems it appropriate to transfer surplus property from one project or operation for use in another and

(d) Determines that the destruction of the surplus or unserviceable material will be more economical or is required by law or by the nature of the property;

(e) Determines that the interests of the United Nations will be served through the disposal of the property by gift or by sale at a nominal price to an intergovernmental organization, a Government or governmental agency or some other non-profit organization.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

: '''Rule 105.24'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
Except as provided for in rule 105.23, sales of property, plant and equipment,
inventories and intangible assets shall be on commercial terms.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== [[Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations]] ===
: '''Regulation 5.14'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:

(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;

(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;

(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;

(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property;

(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.

A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== History ==
A dedicated section of the Financial Regulations and Rules on property management was first introduced in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] following the approval by the General Assembly in its decision [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) 57/573] of revisions to the Financial Regulations, as proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/57/396 A/57/396].

== Associated policy ==
* [[Management of property (Policy Compendium)|Management of property]]

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
    <sha1>0b6b5806c6ff67b7915f34bc901bd8bc391b6e82</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>526</id>
    <parentid>518</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-01-17T19:51:12Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Sale/disposal of property */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7343" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''D. Property Management''' 

== Sub-sections ==
=== [[Authority and responsibility (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Authority and responsibility]] ===
: '''Rule 105.20'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
The Secretary-General is responsible for the management of the property, plant and equipment, inventories and intangible assets of the United Nations, including all systems governing their receipt, valuation, recording, utilization, safekeeping, maintenance, transfer and disposal, including by sale, and shall designate the officials responsible for performing property management functions.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

: '''Rule 105.21'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
Physical verification shall be carried out and records maintained of property, plant and equipment, inventories and intangible assets of the Organization, in accordance with policies established by the Secretary-General.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== [[Review bodies related to property management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Review bodies related to property management]] ===
: '''Rule 105.22'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
(a) The Secretary-General shall establish review bodies for Headquarters and other locations to render written advice in respect of loss, damage, impairment or other discrepancy regarding the property, plant and equipment, inventories and intangible assets of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall establish the composition and terms of reference of such review bodies, which shall include procedures for determining the cause of such loss, damage, impairment or other discrepancy, the disposal action to be taken in accordance with rules 105.23 and 105.24 and the degree of responsibility, if any, attaching to any official of the United Nations or other party for such loss, damage or other discrepancy.

(b) Where the advice of a review body is required, no final action in respect of United Nations property loss, damage, impairment or other discrepancy may be taken before such advice is received. In cases where the Secretary-General decides not to accept the advice of such a body, he or she shall record in writing, the reasons for that decision.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== [[Sale or disposal of property (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Sale/disposal of property]] ===
: '''Rule 105.23'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
Property, plant and equipment, inventories and intangible assets of the United Nations that are declared surplus, unserviceable or obsolete following a recommendation by a review body shall be disposed of, transferred or sold after competitive bidding, unless the review body:

(a) Estimates that the sales value is less than an amount to be specified by the Secretary-General;

(b) Considers that the exchange of property in partial or full payment for replacement equipment or supplies is in the best interest of the Organization;

(c) Deems it appropriate to transfer surplus property from one project or operation for use in another and

(d) Determines that the destruction of the surplus or unserviceable material will be more economical or is required by law or by the nature of the property;

(e) Determines that the interests of the United Nations will be served through the disposal of the property by gift or by sale at a nominal price to an intergovernmental organization, a Government or governmental agency or some other non-profit organization.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

: '''Rule 105.24'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
Except as provided for in rule 105.23, sales of property, plant and equipment,
inventories and intangible assets shall be on commercial terms.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== [[Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations]] ===
: '''Regulation 5.14'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4 ST/SGB/2013/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:

(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;

(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;

(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;

(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property;

(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.

A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== History ==
A dedicated section of the Financial Regulations and Rules on property management was first introduced in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] following the approval by the General Assembly in its decision [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) 57/573] of revisions to the Financial Regulations, as proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/57/396 A/57/396].

== Associated policy ==
* [[Management of property (Policy Compendium)|Management of property]]

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
    <sha1>69612f387be84111ddd261d22087df31b30cc749</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20191026173305|505">
  <title>Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>132</id>
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    <id>519</id>
    <parentid>432</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-01-15T21:06:09Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added link to property management policy</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4056" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Property Management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|D. Property Management]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations''' 

== Text ==
: '''Regulation 5.14'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4/amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;There are no rules associated with this regulation. &lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Following the liquidation of a peacekeeping operation, equipment and other property shall be disposed of in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules and in the manner indicated below:
:(a) Equipment in good condition that conforms to established standardization or is considered compatible with existing equipment will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or will be placed in reserve to form start-up kits for use by future missions;
:(b) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations may be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions, provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment;
:(c) Equipment not required for current or future peacekeeping operations or other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions but which may be useful for the operations of other United Nations agencies, international organizations or non-governmental organizations will be sold to such agencies or organizations;
:(d) Any equipment or property not required or which it is not feasible to dispose of in accordance with subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) above or which is in poor condition will be subject to commercial disposal in accordance with the [[Sale or disposal of property (Financial Regulations and Rules)|procedures applicable to other United Nations equipment or property]];
:(e) Any assets which have been installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation of that country shall be provided to the duly recognized Government of that country in return for compensation in a form to be agreed by the Organization and the Government. This refers in particular to airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mineclearing equipment. Where such assets cannot be disposed of in this manner or otherwise, they will be contributed free of charge to the Government of the country concerned. Such contributions require the prior approval of the General Assembly.
A report on the final disposition of assets for each liquidated peacekeeping operation shall be submitted to the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Delegation of authority ==
The following authorities are delegated '''to heads of entities''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex III of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]:
* Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (except for real property)
* Disposition of real property of peacekeeping operations

== Associated policy ==
* [[Management of property (Policy Compendium)|Management of property]]

== Associated guidance ==

* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400908 2018.08] Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure&lt;ref&gt;2018.08 and associated guidelines replace the earlier DPKO/DFS Liquidation Manual (2012.18)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400915 2018.26] Development of Mission/Field Entity Support Division Closure Plan

== History ==

This regulation was originally proposed by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/a/57/396 A/57/396] and was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/57/49(VOL.II)(SUPP) decision 57/573]. It has not been subsequently amended.

An amendment to the regulation was proposed as part of the amendments to the Financial Regulations and Rules proposed in [https://undocs.org/A/73/717 A/73/717],  but these proposals were not acted upon by the General Assembly. 

== See also ==

* [[Sale or disposal of property (Financial Regulations and Rules)]] 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
    <sha1>5cc1997f4febf4596e881b53e4b4153003254cbb</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20191026173305|505">
  <title>Management of property (Policy Compendium)</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Property Management (Financial Re..."</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="13306" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Property Management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|D. Property Management]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Management of property''' 

This policy was issued on 4 June 2015 under [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4]. It is being reviewed to align with the new delegation of authority framework and the new management architecture. 

== Text ==
=== Section 1: General Provisions ===
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
1.1 The purpose of the present instruction is to set out the authority, responsibility and procedures for the management and control of property of the United Nations at all offices, departments and locations of the Secretariat, including the maintenance of records of the property of the United Nations and its verification and disposal.

1.2 With regard to financial accounting for theproperty of the United Nations, the present  instruction  is  to  be  applied,  together  with  the  applicable  accounting standards as set forth in the relevant information circular, as issued from time to time by the Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Section 2: Authority and responsibility ===
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
2.1 In  accordance  with  [[financial  rules  101.1]]  and  [[105.20]],  the  Under-Secretary-General  for  Management  has  delegated  authority  and  responsibility  for  the management  of  the  property  of  the  United  Nations  to  the  Assistant  Secretary-General for Central Support Services. 

2.2 In accordance  with [[financial rule 101.1]], the Assistant Secretary-General for Central Support Services may further delegate to the heads of departments or offices or  other  appropriate  officials  of  the  Secretariat  the  responsibility  to  perform property management functions in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations and the present instruction.

2.3 The  heads  of  departments  or  offices  or  other  officials  of  the  Secretariat  to whom such responsibility has been delegated shall be responsible and accountable for  the  management  and  control  of  all  property  of  the  United  Nations  in  their custody in accordance with the provisions of the applicable [[Staff Regulations and Rules]] of the United Nations and the [[Financial Regulations and Rules]] of the United Nations,  as  well  as  the present  instruction. The  responsibilities  of  such  heads  of departments  or  offices  or  other  officials  of  the  Secretariat  include  the  receipt, recording,  valuation,  safekeeping,  physical  verification,  and  appropriate  use  and disposal of the property of the United Nations.

2.4 Each head of department or office or other official of the Secretariat to whom such responsibility has been delegated may, in turn, designate staff to ensure the proper  utilization  and  safecustody  of  the  property  of the  United  Nations  and  to ensure that the accuracy of property records is maintained in accordance with the present instruction.

2.5 While overall responsibility for the management of the property of the United Nations shall reside with each such head of department or office or other official, each staff member is responsible for the proper care, use and security of property assigned for his or her use in the exercise of official duties, in accordance with [[staff regulation 1.2 (q)]].
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Section 3: Types and categories of property ===
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
3.1 Property  of  the  United  Nations  is  either  “tangible  property”  or  “intangible property” over which the United Nations exercises dominion and control, whether as a result of an acquisition, a gift or devise or an agreement for its short-term or long-term use. In some cases, tangible property of the United Nations may also have intangible property rights concurrently associated with the tangible property itself. 

3.2 “Tangible property” of the United Nations consists of either:
:(a) Immovable property, which is property that takes the form of land and/or any  buildings  or  other  structures  erected  thereon,  whether  owned  by  the  United Nations or used under a lease or other licence, together with any plant, equipment, structures, landscaping or other objects that are permanently affixed to the land or appurtenant to such land, including easements and other rights associated with such land; 

:(b) Moveable property, which is any property that has a physical formand that cannot otherwise be defined as immovable property (as defined in sect. 3.2 (a)), whether such property is owned by the United Nations or used under a lease or other licence,  and  includes,  without  limitation,  equipment,  machinery,  vehicles, communication and information technology equipment, furniture and fittings, and expendable items that are not an integral part of or otherwise affixed to immovable property and that can be used elsewhere if uninstalled from their previous locations.

3.3 “Intangible property” of the United Nations, whether owned by, licensed to or otherwise  acquired  and  used  by  the  United  Nations  by  right,  consists  of  any property that does not have a physical form and commonly consists of intellectual property,  such  as  patents,  copyrighted  materials,  trademarks  and  other  legally protected  marks  and  identifiers  (including  names,  acronyms,  armorial  bearings, flags and logos), whether developed by:

:(a) Staff members as part of their official duties and activities, in accordance withstaff rule 1.9;

:(b) Contractors or consultants, for the exclusive use of the United Nations, pursuant to the terms of the applicable contracts or other agreements; 

:(c) Third parties and provided to, made available to or otherwise used by, the United Nations under the applicable agreements governing such use.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Section 4: Financial accounting for property ===
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
4.1 Pursuant  to  [[financial  rule  105.20]],  the  Under-Secretary-General  for Management shall establish policies and procedures for the financial accounting for the property of the United Nations.4.2Property  of  the  United  Nations,  whether  tangible  or  intangible,  may  be classified as “capitalized property” or “non-capitalized property”: 

:(a) “Capitalized  property”  is  property  that  meets  the  requirements  for recognition as a financial asset in accordance with the applicable United Nations accounting  standards  and,  as  such,  is  subject  to  the  valuation  and  accounting procedures set forth in the [https://undocs.org/ relevant information circular]; 

:(b) “Non-capitalized  property”  is  property  that  does  not  meet  the requirements for recognition as a financial asset in accordance with the applicable United Nations accounting standards and, as such, is not subject to the valuation and accounting procedures set forth in the [https://undocs.org/ relevant information circular]. 

4.3 All capitalized property of the United Nations shall be subject to the valuation and accounting procedures set forth in the relevant information circular, as issued from time to time by the Department of Management. 

4.4 All non-capitalized property and expendable property of the United Nations shall be subject to the recording and tracking procedures set forth in the [https://undocs.org/ relevant information circular], as issued from time to time by the Department of Management.

4.5 For the purposes of the present instruction, “expendable property” is tangible property  that  is  consumed  in  use, is transformed  or  absorbed into  any  substance during use or otherwise loses its identity when in use.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Section 5: Maintenance of property records ===
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
5.1 Pursuant to [[financial rules 105.20]] and [[105.21]], the Under-Secretary-General for Management shall establish policies and procedures for the maintenance of property records as follows.

5.2 Except as set forth in section 5.3, information relating to the control, custody, care, use,  maintenance, issuance and financial accounting for the property of the United Nations shall be  maintained in the records relating to the property of the United Nations. Such information shall be monitored throughout the life cycle of the items of property concerned.

5.3 Property records are not required to be maintained for expendable property, but may be maintained when, in the discretion of the head of department or office concerned, verification and control of such expendable property is necessary for the efficient management of that department or office, or for the protection of the legal interests of the United Nations (e.g., when the use or consumption of the property is subject to the terms of an agreement with a third party).
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Section 6: Verification and control of property ===
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
6.1 Pursuant  to  [[financial  rule  105.21]],  the  Under-Secretary-General  for Management shall establish policies for the verification and control of property as follows.

6.2 Unless as provided otherwise (see sects. 6.3 to 6.5), all property of the United Nations shall be monitored and controlled throughout the life cycle of each item of property, from receipt to disposal. Physical verification of the property of the United Nations shall be conducted regularly and as deemed necessary to ensure adequate control over the property. 

6.3 Expendable property shall be monitored and controlled until it is issued for use or consumption. A physical verification may be performed when, in the discretion of the head of department or office concerned, such verification is necessary to ensure adequate control over the property and accountability. 

6.4 For capitalized property, the physical verification shall be performed at least once during each financial year. The findings of the verification process shall be reconciled with the property records. 

6.5 For intangible property, the verification shall be conducted at such times, with such frequency and using such methods as are necessary and appropriate, or as may be required by an agreement with a third party in order to ensure the appropriate use and custody of the intangible property. Appropriate control systems for intangible property shall be put in place. 

6.6 Property of the United Nations that has been issued by a department or office to  staff  members  for  use  outside  United  Nations  premises  shall  be  monitored  to ensure that it is properly accounted for and that related records are maintained. 

6.7 Property of the United Nations issued to, made available to, or otherwise used by, a staff member shall be returned to the United Nations, through, if possible, the issuing  department  or  office,  when  required  by  the  issuing  department  or  office, upon the staff  member’s separation from service, or, if required, upon his or her reassignment or transfer to another department or office. In the case of any such reassignment or transfer, final confirmation that the property has been returned shall be obtained from the head of department or office to whom the staff member reports at the time the property concerned is returned.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Section 7: Write-off and disposal of property ===
&lt;div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="mw-collapsible-content"&gt;
7.1 To the extent that the advice of the Headquarters Property Review Board or a local property survey board established pursuant to financial rule 105.22 is required: 

:(a) Items of tangible property that are surplus to operational requirements, unserviceable or obsolete and are not encumbered by any third-party rights shall be promptly  identified, written  off  and  disposed  of  in  accordance  with  [[financial regulation  5.14]],  [[financial  rules  105.23]]  and  [[105.24]]  and  related  administrative issuances;

:(b) Loss,  damage,  impairment  or  other  discrepancy  in  respect  of  items  of property  shall  be  written  off  in  accordance  with  [[financial  rule  106.7]]  and  related administrative issuances.

7.2 To the extent that the advice of the Headquarters Property Review Board or a local  property  survey  board  established  pursuant  to  [[financial  rule  105.22]]  is  not required,  write-off  and disposal of  property  shall  be  implemented by  the  official with the requisite delegation of authority to do so.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Superior regulations and rules ==
* [[Property Management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Property Management]]

== Associated guidance ==
* 2006.22 DPKO Property Management Manual

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20191026173305|505">
  <title>Article 19</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */ Updated to reflect situation as of January 2020</comment>
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    <text bytes="8075" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic, Gambia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Suriname, Tonga, Venezuela, Yemen 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia, Gabon, Libya, Palau, Vietnam
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>4d2aa5f6460b50af4c9bc039a27c64e477cb48b1</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>523</id>
    <parentid>522</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-01-16T23:31:36Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */ Added refs to countries that have paid for 2020</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8198" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic, Gambia, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga, Venezuela, Yemen 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia, Gabon, Libya, Palau, Vietnam
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>866ffa93c57fb1cd685bec4c307a2a64d773bda9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>524</id>
    <parentid>523</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-01-16T23:31:59Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added references section</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8215" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic, Gambia, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga, Venezuela, Yemen 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia, Gabon, Libya, Palau, Vietnam
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== Referents ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>459c23cc77840912e8ef32930b712e8491e505fb</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>525</id>
    <parentid>524</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-01-16T23:32:08Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added references section</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8216" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic, Gambia, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga, Venezuela, Yemen 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia, Gabon, Libya, Palau, Vietnam
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20191026173305|505">
  <title>Programme budget</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
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    <text bytes="5297" xml:space="preserve">The '''programme budget''', or '''regular budget''', is the budget of the United Nations prepared by the Secretary-General in his capacity as chief administrative officer of the Organization&lt;ref&gt;Article 97 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt; and approved by the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;Article 17 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt;. It does not cover the expenses of large peacekeeping missions funded through [[peacekeeping financing|separate special accounts]]. The appropriation for the approved budget is apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]].

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library has an excellent guide to the programme budget and the many different documents and intergovernmental bodies involved in the budget process: [https://research.un.org/en/docs/budget '''UN Documentation: Regular Budget''']

== Budget period ==
The programme budget runs from 1 January to 31 December, unlike peacekeeping budgets, which run from 1 July to 30 June. 

The budget was originally produced and approved on an annual basis. In General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3043(XXVII) 3043 (XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, the General Assembly approved, "on an experimental basis" the move to a biennial (two-year) budget. The first biennial budget, covering calendar years 1974 and 1975, was approved in General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3199(XXVIII) 3199 (XXVIII)] of 18 December 1973. As part of the [[management reform]], the General Assembly approved "the proposed change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020", in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. 

== Approved levels ==

The basis of assessment for recent calendar years, reflecting the approved level of the budget and all add-ons, is reflected below. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || $3,084,608,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/264A-C 74/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1008 ST/ADM/SER.B/1008] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1009 ST/ADM/SER.B/1009] ||
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || $45 mil related to the capital master plan to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]; includes [[Scale of assessments#Assessments for Member States and non-Member States|list of budget resolutions]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20191026173305|505">
  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>Updated 2019/20 figure as per A/C.5/74/15</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="6463" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,648,756,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || Resources for MINUJUSTH and UNAMID approved for 6 months
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] ||
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] ||
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] ||
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Sale or disposal of property (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
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    <text bytes="4985" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of Funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of Funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Property Management (Financial Regulations and Rules)|D. Property Management]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Sale/disposal of property''' 

== Text ==
: '''Rule 105.23'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4/amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Property, plant and equipment, inventories and intangible assets of the United Nations that are declared surplus, unserviceable or obsolete following a recommendation by a review body shall be disposed of, transferred or sold after competitive bidding, unless the review body:

(a) Estimates that the sales value is less than an amount to be specified by the Secretary-General;

(b) Considers that the exchange of property in partial or full payment for replacement equipment or supplies is in the best interest of the Organization;

(c) Deems it appropriate to transfer surplus property from one project or operation for use in another and

(d) Determines that the destruction of the surplus or unserviceable material will be more economical or is required by law or by the nature of the property;

(e) Determines that the interests of the United Nations will be served through the disposal of the property by gift or by sale at a nominal price to an intergovernmental organization, a Government or governmental agency or some other non-profit organization.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''Rule 105.24'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4/amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Except as provided for in rule 105.23, sales of property, plant and equipment,
inventories and intangible assets shall be on commercial terms.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Delegation of authority ==
The following authorities are delegated '''to heads of entities''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex III of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]:

=== Authority for disposal of surplus and unserviceable property ===
Disposal of surplus, unserviceable, obsolete, and impaired property or other discrepancy in accordance with the disposal methods defined in the Financial Rule 105.23 and 105.24. The determination for authorizing disposal action shall be made on the basis of the depreciated value&lt;ref&gt;The depreciated value is established at the point in time when the write-off case is to be submitted for the review process. For the “capitalized property”, the depreciated value is the net book value as established at the time of write-off in accordance with the UN IPSAS Policy framework.&lt;/ref&gt; of individual property items.

:a. Depreciated value of individual property items - $ 3,000.00 or less.
:: The head of entity or the person(s) to whom authority has been sub-delegated may take final decision on the disposal of surplus, unserviceable, obsolete and impaired property or other discrepancy when the depreciated value of the individual property item to be written of is US$3,000.00 or less.

:b. Depreciated value of individual property items between US$3,000.01 and US$25,000.00.
:: The person(s) to whom authority has been sub-delegated must submit cases to the [[Local Property Survey Board]] (LPSB) for disposal of any property item that has a depreciated value between US$3,000.01 and US$25,000.00;

To make final decisions on the disposal of these items, upon the written advice of the LPSB, when the depreciated value of the individual property item is between US$3,000 and US$25,000.

:c. Depreciated value of individual property item - US$25,000.01 or more.
:: The person(s) to whom authority has been sub-delegated must submit cases to the Headquarters Property Survey Board (HPSB) for disposal of any property item that has a depreciated value exceeding US$25,000.00.

=== Authority to sub-delegate ===
Heads of entity are authorized to sub-delegate this property management authority to either:
* Chief/Director of Mission Support, Director of Administration or equivalent;
* Property management officers who have been technically cleared.

== Associated policy ==
* [[Management of property (Policy Compendium)|Management of property]]

== Associated guidance ==

* 2006.22 Property Management Manual
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400908 2018.08] Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure&lt;ref&gt;2018.08 and associated guidelines replace the earlier DPKO/DFS Liquidation Manual (2012.18)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400915 2018.26] Development of Mission/Field Entity Support Division Closure Plan

== History ==

These rules were amended effective 1 January 2019 with the issuance of [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] amending the Financial Rules to facilitate the new delegation of authority framework and the new management architecture at Headquarters. 

== See also ==

* [[Disposition of assets of peacekeeping operations (Financial Regulations and Rules)]] 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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  <title>Financial Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <text bytes="4032" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] as amended in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 '''Amend.1'''] to facilitate the new [[regulations and rules#Delegation of authority|delegation of authority]] framework entering into effect on 1 January 2019.

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). 

== Authority ==
'''Financial regulations''' are established by the General Assembly as per rule 152 of the General Assembly rules of procedure, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The General Assembly shall establish regulations for the financial administration of the United Nations.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Financial rules''' are established by the Secretary-General on the basis of Financial Regulation 5.8, which states (inter alia) that the Secretary-General shall: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) Establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Related documents ==
=== Delegation of authority ===
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules (until 31 December 2018)

=== Supplements ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/4/Amend.1 Amend.1] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees

=== Subordinate policies ===
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/A/1496 A/1496] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/98 ST/SGB/98] (23 February 1954) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/98/Amend.1 Amend.1] (7 May 1954)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/AFS/SGB/91 ST/AFS/SGB/91] and Corr.1 Financial Rules of the United Nations (29 December 1950)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping financing</title>
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    <text bytes="13535" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual [[peacekeeping financial period]] of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a portion of the assessed contributions to each peacekeeping mission. However, the totality of requirements requested is summarized in the annual peacekeeping [[overview report]].

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the UNLB applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Mandate ===
The mandate of each peacekeeping mission is established by the Security Council. Since 2009, the Security Council has requested an estimate of resource implications from the Secretariat whenever a new peacekeeping mission is proposed, or where significant change to a mandate is envisaged.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/24 S/PRST/2009/24] Statement by the President of the Security Council, 5 August 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions must liquidate, as they have no legal basis for incurring expenses. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for each mission can only be finalized after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which the missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget. During mission start-up or expansion, missions can use commitment authority to draw against the balance of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping financial period]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

=== Documents ===
* UNEF Financial Rules
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/UNEF/2 ST/SGB/UNEF/2] Provisional Financial Rules (15 November 1957)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/UNEF/2/Rev.1 ST/SGB/UNEF/2/Rev.1] Financial Rules (15 December 1958)
** ST/SGB/UNEF/2/Rev.2 Financial Rules (30 December 1960)

== References ==

[[Category: budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Troop reimbursement</title>
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    <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Personnel reimbursement]]</text>
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  <title>Liquidation</title>
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    <text bytes="3585" xml:space="preserve">'''Liquidation''' is the process of closing down a mission. Liquidation generally occurs in two tracks. '''Technical liquidation''' is the physical closure of the mission while '''administrative liquidation''', which is a longer-term process, is only completed when the final performance report has been submitted to the General Assembly. In colloquial usage, the term "liquidation" is generally used to describe technical liquidation.

== Main lines of effort ==

=== Asset disposal ===
Asset disposal is a significant part of technical liquidation. For special political missions and other non-peacekeeping entities, the normal property disposal processes governed by financial rules 105.23 and 105.24 apply. 

In peacekeeping missions, however, asset disposal is governed by [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulation]] 5.14. As part of asset disposal in peacekeeping settings, an asset disposal plan (ADP) is developed in which United Nations-owned equipment (UNOE) is grouped into five categories of equipment:

* '''Group I''' 
*: Equipment in good condition that will be redeployed to other peacekeeping operations or placed in [[United Nations reserve|reserve]] for use by future missions.&lt;ref&gt;Regulation 5.14 (a)&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Group II'''
*: Equipment to be redeployed to other United Nations activities funded from assessed contributions (e.g. [[special political missions]]), provided that there is a demonstrated need for the equipment.&lt;ref&gt;Regulation 5.14 (b)&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Group III'''
*: Equipment to be sold to [[United Nations country team|other United Nations agencies]], international organizations or non-governmental organizations.&lt;ref&gt;Regulation 5.14 (c)&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Group IV'''
*: Equipment not required or which is not feasible to be disposed of in groups I-III and which will therefore be subject to commercial disposal.&lt;ref&gt;Regulation 5.14 (d)&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Group V'''
*: Assets installed in a country and which, if dismantled, would set back the rehabilitation  of that country, e.g. airfield installations and equipment, buildings, bridges and mine clearing equipment. Such assets are to be provided to the Government in return for agreed compensation or—with the prior approval of the General Assembly—contributed free of charge.

=== Site closure ===

=== Archives and records management ===

=== Human resources ===

=== Finance ===

== Roles and responsibilities ==

=== Liquidation Coordinator ===

=== Department of Operational Support ===

=== Global Service Centre ===

== Policies ==
The Liquidation Manual was last issued in 2012 and has since been superseded by guidelines for field entity closure:

* 2018.08 Guide for senior leadership on field entity closure
* 2018.09 Guidelines on end of mission report
* 2018.10 Transition process map in a closing mission
* 2018.11 Mission support division map for planning and conducting field entity closure (guidelines)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400912 2018.23] Closure task force organigram (guidelines)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400913 2018.24] Mission support division team organigram (guidelines)
* 2018.25 Guidelines on handover and checklist from mission to DOS/finance and budget units
* 2018.26 Guidelines for the development of mission support division closure plan
* 2018.27 Guidelines for the development of mission support division closure progress report
* 2019.07 Standard operating procedure for paper and digital records and archives for field entity closure

== See also ==
* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Categories of personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="12062" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either tasks that are of a more analytical or conceptual nature or tasks that are in general procedural, operational and technical&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4 Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations
common system &lt;/ref&gt;. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Descriptions of the various categories are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== [[Seconded personnel|Seconded military and police personnel]] ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]
* [[Seconded personnel]]
* [[Inter-organization agreement|Inter-organization agreement on transfer, secondment or loan]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Seconded personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="3251" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat makes use of '''seconded active-duty military and police personnel''' at Headquarters and in peace operations in functions previously performed by military and police personnel provided by Member States as [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel]]. Seconded military and police personnel recruited against posts remain in active-duty status with their national Governments while at the same time serving as United Nations staff members appointed under a letter of appointment signed by them and by, or on behalf of, the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;Staff regulation 4.1&lt;/ref&gt;

Note that the term "secondment" is used to refer to both seconded military and police personnel as well as staff from other organizations of the [[common system]] seconded under the [[inter-organization agreement]] on transfer, secondment or loan. This article deals only with the former. 

== Selection ==

Seconded military and police personnel are selected through a competitive selection process. Member States are invited to nominate active-duty officers against specified job openings. A tripartite agreement is concluded between the United Nations, the Government and the active-duty officer selected for service with the United Nations. Following the conclusion of the tripartite agreement, the seconded officer signs a letter of appointment with the United Nations.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

Once selected, seconded military and police personnel serve normally for two years, up to a maximum of four years.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;

== Issues ==

In some cases, national legislation applicable to seconded officers conflicts with the staff regulations and rules.  

For example, seconded personnel, as United Nations staff members, are remunerated in the same manner as other staff members (e.g. salary, post adjustment, benefits). However, some seconded officials continue to receive salaries and/or benefits from their governments. In some cases, national legislation of some Member States prohibits active duty personnel from receiving remuneration from other organizations and therefore. At the same time, staff regulation 1.2(j) stipulates that "No staff member shall accept any honour, decoration, favour, gift or remuneration from any Government." 

== Legislative history ==

* [https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723] Peacekeeping overview report
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 General Assembly resolution 67/287] Cross-cutting issues
* [https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/252 General Assembly resolution 68/252] Human resources management
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/257 A/71/257] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/263 General Assembly resolution 71/263] Human resources management
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/546 A/74/546] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/254 General Assembly resolution 74/254] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/700 A/74/700] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3389" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat makes use of '''seconded active-duty military and police personnel''' at Headquarters and in peace operations in functions previously performed by military and police personnel provided by Member States as [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel]]. Seconded military and police personnel recruited against posts remain in active-duty status with their national Governments while at the same time serving as United Nations staff members appointed under a letter of appointment signed by them and by, or on behalf of, the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;Staff regulation 4.1&lt;/ref&gt;

Note that the term "secondment" is used to refer to both seconded military and police personnel as well as staff from other organizations of the [[common system]] seconded under the [[human resources terminology#Transfer, secondment and loan|inter-organization agreement on transfer, secondment or loan]]. This article deals only with the former. 

== Selection ==

Seconded military and police personnel are selected through a competitive selection process. Member States are invited to nominate active-duty officers against specified job openings. A tripartite agreement is concluded between the United Nations, the Government and the active-duty officer selected for service with the United Nations. Following the conclusion of the tripartite agreement, the seconded officer signs a letter of appointment with the United Nations.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

Once selected, seconded military and police personnel serve normally for two years, up to a maximum of four years.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;

== Issues ==

In some cases, national legislation applicable to seconded officers conflicts with the staff regulations and rules.  

For example, seconded personnel, as United Nations staff members, are remunerated in the same manner as other staff members (e.g. salary, post adjustment, benefits). However, some seconded officials continue to receive salaries and/or benefits from their governments. In some cases, national legislation of some Member States prohibits active duty personnel from receiving remuneration from other organizations and therefore. At the same time, staff regulation 1.2(j) stipulates that "No staff member shall accept any honour, decoration, favour, gift or remuneration from any Government." 

== Legislative history ==

* [https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723] Peacekeeping overview report
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 General Assembly resolution 67/287] Cross-cutting issues
* [https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/252 General Assembly resolution 68/252] Human resources management
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/257 A/71/257] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/263 General Assembly resolution 71/263] Human resources management
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/546 A/74/546] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/254 General Assembly resolution 74/254] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/700 A/74/700] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3381" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat makes use of '''seconded active-duty military and police personnel''' at Headquarters and in peace operations in functions previously performed by military and police personnel provided by Member States as [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel]]. Seconded military and police personnel recruited against posts remain in active-duty status with their national Governments while at the same time serving as United Nations staff members appointed under a letter of appointment signed by them and by, or on behalf of, the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;Staff regulation 4.1&lt;/ref&gt;

Note that the term "secondment" is used to refer to both seconded military and police personnel as well as staff from other organizations of the [[common system]] seconded under the [[human resources terminology#Inter-agency mobility|inter-organization agreement on transfer, secondment or loan]]. This article deals only with the former. 

== Selection ==

Seconded military and police personnel are selected through a competitive selection process. Member States are invited to nominate active-duty officers against specified job openings. A tripartite agreement is concluded between the United Nations, the Government and the active-duty officer selected for service with the United Nations. Following the conclusion of the tripartite agreement, the seconded officer signs a letter of appointment with the United Nations.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

Once selected, seconded military and police personnel serve normally for two years, up to a maximum of four years.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;

== Issues ==

In some cases, national legislation applicable to seconded officers conflicts with the staff regulations and rules.  

For example, seconded personnel, as United Nations staff members, are remunerated in the same manner as other staff members (e.g. salary, post adjustment, benefits). However, some seconded officials continue to receive salaries and/or benefits from their governments. In some cases, national legislation of some Member States prohibits active duty personnel from receiving remuneration from other organizations and therefore. At the same time, staff regulation 1.2(j) stipulates that "No staff member shall accept any honour, decoration, favour, gift or remuneration from any Government." 

== Legislative history ==

* [https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723] Peacekeeping overview report
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 General Assembly resolution 67/287] Cross-cutting issues
* [https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/252 General Assembly resolution 68/252] Human resources management
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/257 A/71/257] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/263 General Assembly resolution 71/263] Human resources management
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/546 A/74/546] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
*: [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/254 General Assembly resolution 74/254] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/700 A/74/700] Seconded active-duty military and police personnel

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="52" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[International Civil Service Commission]]</text>
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  <title>Human resources terminology</title>
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    <text bytes="7268" xml:space="preserve">This is a guide to commonly-used '''human resources terminology''' at the United Nations. Personnel-related budget terminology is covered in a separate page on [[budget terminology]].

== Contractual modalities ==

The existing contractual modalities were established under General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250].

'''Continuing appointment'''
: A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14 (continuing appointment); [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 ST/AI/2012/3] Administration of continuing appointments&lt;/ref&gt; Eligibility for continuing appointments is governed by the terms of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

'''Fixed-term appointment'''
: An appointment granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, to persons recruited for service of a prescribed duration, including persons temporarily [[seconded personnel|seconded by national Governments]] or institutions for service with the United Nations. May be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. Does not carry any expectancy, legal or otherwise, of renewal or conversion, irrespective of the length of service.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13 (fixed-term appointment); [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 ST/AI/2013/1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 Corr.1] Administration of fixed-term appointments&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Temporary appointment'''
: An appointment for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements. May be renewed for up to one additional year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. Does not carry any expectancy, legal or otherwise, of renewal. Cannot be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12 (temporary appointment); [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4 ST/AI/2010/4], [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4/rev.1 Rev.1] Administration of temporary appointments&lt;/ref&gt;

: There are two general types of temporary appointments: those for which a selection process was conducted following the posting of a '''temporary job opening''' (TJO) and those of less than three months for which no formal process is required (TA). 

=== Defunct modalities ===

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt;

== Definitions ==

'''Acting'''
: When a [[budget terminology#Human resources|post]] is vacant, another officer, at the same or lower level, may be assigned to the post in an acting capacity. An acting officer assumes the full functions of the post until confirmed, promoted or reassigned.&lt;ref&gt;Memo, dated 9 June 1993, on Use of the terms "Officer-in-Charge and Acting"&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Officer-in-charge'''
: When a post is encumbered and the incumbent is temporarily absent, an officer-in charge (OIC) is designated, usually by the incumbent of the post, to act as responsible officer during the period of absence. An OIC may in theory be at any level and there is no requirement that the next most senior officer be designated or that the delegation be rotated amongst officers of similar level. Depending on the circumstances, an OIC may or may not carry the full responsibilities of the post but would normally have signatory authority. It is understood to be a temporary designation and not an assignment to the post, and carries no expectancy of eventual assignment.&lt;ref&gt;Memo, dated 9 June 1993, on Use of the terms "Officer-in-Charge and Acting"&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Special post allowance'''
: A non-pensionable special post allowance (SPA) may be granted, pursuant to staff rule 3.10, to a staff member holding a fixed-term or continuing appointment is called on to assume the full duties and responsibilities of a post at a clearly recognizable higher level than his or her own for a temporary period exceeding three months. For staff in non-mission settings, this allowance is payable from the beginning of the fourth month of service at the higher level; for staff in mission settings, this allowance may be paid immediately when the staff member assumes the higher duties and responsibilities. The amount of the allowance shall be equivalent to the salary increase which the staff member would have received had the staff member been promoted to the next higher level.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 3.10 (special post allowance)&lt;/ref&gt;

: Staff members temporarily assigned to higher-level vacant or temporarily vacant posts are eligible for SPA.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1999/17 ST/AI/1999/17] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1999/17/Amend.1 Amend.1] Special post allowance and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2003/3 ST/AI/2003/3] Special post allowance for mission staff&lt;/ref&gt;

== Transfer, secondment and loan ==

A number of modalities exist by which staff expertise may be drawn upon between organizations of the United Nations [[common system]]. These are set out in the 2012 Inter-organization agreement concerning transfer, secondment or loan of staff among the organizations applying the United Nations common system of salaries and allowances.

'''Loan'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another for a limited period, normally not exceeding one year, during which the staff member will be subject to the administrative supervision of the receiving organization but will continue to be subject to the staff regulations and rules of the releasing organization. 

'''Secondment'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another for a fixed period, normally not exceeding two years, during which the staff member will normally be paid by and be subject to the staff regulations and rules of the receiving organization, but will retain his or her rights of employment in the releasing organization. The period of secondment may be extended for a further fixed period by agreement among all the parties concerned.

: Secondment can also be used to refer to the arrangement by which active-duty military and police officers are recruited against designated posts. For details on this arrangement, please see the separate article on [[seconded personnel]].

'''Transfer'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another under conditions which give the staff member no right to return to the releasing organization. 

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7475" xml:space="preserve">This is a guide to commonly-used '''human resources terminology''' at the United Nations. Personnel-related budget terminology is covered in a separate page on [[budget terminology]].

== Contractual modalities ==

The existing contractual modalities were established under General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250].

'''Continuing appointment'''
: A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14 (continuing appointment); [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 ST/AI/2012/3] Administration of continuing appointments&lt;/ref&gt; Eligibility for continuing appointments is governed by the terms of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

'''Fixed-term appointment'''
: An appointment granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, to persons recruited for service of a prescribed duration, including persons temporarily [[seconded personnel|seconded by national Governments]] or institutions for service with the United Nations. May be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. Does not carry any expectancy, legal or otherwise, of renewal or conversion, irrespective of the length of service.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13 (fixed-term appointment); [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 ST/AI/2013/1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 Corr.1] Administration of fixed-term appointments&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Temporary appointment'''
: An appointment for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements. May be renewed for up to one additional year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. Does not carry any expectancy, legal or otherwise, of renewal. Cannot be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12 (temporary appointment); [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4 ST/AI/2010/4], [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4/rev.1 Rev.1] Administration of temporary appointments&lt;/ref&gt;

: There are two general types of temporary appointments: those for which a selection process was conducted following the posting of a '''temporary job opening''' (TJO) and those of less than three months for which no formal process is required (TA). 

=== Defunct modalities ===

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt;

== Definitions ==

'''Acting'''
: When a [[budget terminology#Human resources|post]] is vacant, another officer, at the same or lower level, may be assigned to the post in an acting capacity. An acting officer assumes the full functions of the post until confirmed, promoted or reassigned.&lt;ref&gt;Memo, dated 9 June 1993, on Use of the terms "Officer-in-Charge and Acting"&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Officer-in-charge'''
: When a post is encumbered and the incumbent is temporarily absent, an officer-in charge (OIC) is designated, usually by the incumbent of the post, to act as responsible officer during the period of absence. An OIC may in theory be at any level and there is no requirement that the next most senior officer be designated or that the delegation be rotated amongst officers of similar level. Depending on the circumstances, an OIC may or may not carry the full responsibilities of the post but would normally have signatory authority. It is understood to be a temporary designation and not an assignment to the post, and carries no expectancy of eventual assignment.&lt;ref&gt;Memo, dated 9 June 1993, on Use of the terms "Officer-in-Charge and Acting"&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Special post allowance'''
: A non-pensionable special post allowance (SPA) may be granted, pursuant to staff rule 3.10, to a staff member holding a fixed-term or continuing appointment is called on to assume the full duties and responsibilities of a post at a clearly recognizable higher level than his or her own for a temporary period exceeding three months. For staff in non-mission settings, this allowance is payable from the beginning of the fourth month of service at the higher level; for staff in mission settings, this allowance may be paid immediately when the staff member assumes the higher duties and responsibilities. The amount of the allowance shall be equivalent to the salary increase which the staff member would have received had the staff member been promoted to the next higher level.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 3.10 (special post allowance)&lt;/ref&gt;

: Staff members temporarily assigned to higher-level vacant or temporarily vacant posts are eligible for SPA.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1999/17 ST/AI/1999/17] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1999/17/Amend.1 Amend.1] Special post allowance and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2003/3 ST/AI/2003/3] Special post allowance for mission staff&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inter-agency mobility ==

A number of modalities exist by which staff expertise may be drawn upon between organizations of the United Nations [[common system]]. These are set out in the 2012 Inter-organization agreement concerning transfer, secondment or loan of staff among the organizations applying the United Nations common system of salaries and allowances.

The Joint Inspection Unit undertook a review of staff exchange and similar inter-agency mobility measures in 2019; its recommendations are contained in its report [https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2019/8 JIU/REP/2019/8].

'''Loan'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another for a limited period, normally not exceeding one year, during which the staff member will be subject to the administrative supervision of the receiving organization but will continue to be subject to the staff regulations and rules of the releasing organization. 

'''Secondment'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another for a fixed period, normally not exceeding two years, during which the staff member will normally be paid by and be subject to the staff regulations and rules of the receiving organization, but will retain his or her rights of employment in the releasing organization. The period of secondment may be extended for a further fixed period by agreement among all the parties concerned.

: Secondment can also be used to refer to the arrangement by which active-duty military and police officers are recruited against designated posts. For details on this arrangement, please see the separate article on [[seconded personnel]].

'''Transfer'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another under conditions which give the staff member no right to return to the releasing organization.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Action for Peacekeeping</title>
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    <text bytes="1836" xml:space="preserve">'''Action for Peacekeeping''', or '''A4P''', is an initiative launched in March 2018 aimed at refocusing peacekeeping with realistic expectations, making peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilizing greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. It was originally referred to as the "Splash" initiative. 

Following a series of consultations with Member States and international and regional organizations, the ''Declaration of Shared Commitments on United Nations Peacekeeping Operations'' was drafted and has been subsequently endorsed by the majority of Member States. 

The commitments in the declaration are grouped in eight areas, which—since 2019—have served as the priorities of the [[Department of Peace Operations]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] Overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt; These priority areas are as follows:

# Advancing [[primacy of politics|political solutions]] to conflict and enhancing the political impact of peacekeeping;
# Implementing the [[women, peace and security]] agenda;
# Strengthening the [[protection of civilians|protection]] provided by peacekeeping operations;
# Supporting effective performance and accountability by all peacekeeping components;
# Strengthening the impact of peacekeeping on [[sustaining peace]];
# Improving the [[safety and security]] of peacekeepers;
# Improving peacekeeping partnerships; and
# Strengthening the [[conduct and discipline|conduct]] of peacekeeping operations and personnel.

The [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] restructured the format of its annual report in 2020 to align with the A4P priority areas.

== See also ==
* [[Peace and security reform]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]] [[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>A4P</title>
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    <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Action for Peacekeeping]]</text>
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  <title>Consensus</title>
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    <comment>Clarified 5C decision-making standard</comment>
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    <text bytes="6229" xml:space="preserve">Many United Nations bodies take decisions by '''consensus''', i.e. without a vote. As noted in a 2005 legal opinion, "consensus is considered as the absence of objection rather than a particular majority"&lt;ref&gt;Note to the President of the General Assembly regarding voting procedures on a resolution related to the equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council, 14 July 2005. United Nations Juridical Yearbook 2005, page 457&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Fifth Committee ==
In the mid-1980s, United States legislation generally referred to as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment required the reduction of the United States contribution to the regular budget to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process.&lt;ref&gt;[http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/99/93.pdf Public Law No. 99-93, Section 143] Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987, August 16, 1985.&lt;/ref&gt; In response, The General Assembly adopted resolution 40/237 of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49 A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213] of 19 December 1986, which introduced the current "broadest possible agreement" standard (which, in practice, generally results in consensus-based decision-making) in the [[Fifth Committee]] through the following operative paragraph:

&lt;blockquote&gt;7. ''Considers it desirable'' that the Fifth Committee, before submitting its recommendations on the outline of the [[programme budget]] to the General Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Charter and the rules of procedure of the Assembly, should continue to make all possible efforts with a view to establishing the broadest possible agreement;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although this decision only originally covered negotiations over the budget outline, it was soon expanded to become the standard practice of the Fifth Committee on decisions other than elections, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] of 23 December 1994:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Reaffirming'' the role of the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly with regard to budgetary and financial matters and the importance of making every effort to establish the broadest possible agreement in accordance with the practice established in the Fifth Committee and in conformity with Assembly resolution 41/213 of 19 December 1986,&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Routine votes ===
Despite the general practice of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee, the actual decision-making standard set by resolution 41/213 is "the broadest possible agreement" and therefore voting is possible but uncommon. There are, however, a number of annual resolutions for which voting has become routine, namely:
* '''Financing of UNDOF'''
: Since 2018, Syria has proposed an oral amendment related to civilian posts approved in the mission staffing table. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].
* '''Financing of UNIFIL'''
: Annual G77 draft resolution with paragraphs stressing “that Israel shall pay the amount of  1,117,005  dollars  resulting  from  the  incident at Qana on 18 April 1996” and recalling previous resolutions on this matter, to which Israel proposes an amendment deleting the relevant paragraphs, on which a vote is requested by the Chair of the G77. Prior to the 73rd session, a vote would also be called on the draft resolution as a whole.
* '''Estimates in respect of special political missions'''
: Annual oral amendment proposed from the floor by Cuba and supported by delegations such as Iran, Nicaragua and Syria, proposing deletion of references to the concept of responsibility to protect and the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Responsibility to protect. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].

=== Exceptions ===
There have been a number of contentious issues for which no consensus could be reached, including:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Agenda item !! Issue
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/268B 73/268B] || 3 July 2019 || Board of Auditors || G77 and Russia opposed a number of BoA recommendations prompted submission of an L-document requesting SG not to implement those recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/73/671/Add.1 A/73/671/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 67 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/243 67/243] || 24 December 2012 || Financing of ICTY || Russia raised concerns about financing parameters for ICTY&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/675 A/67/675]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/257 66/257] || 9 April 2012 || Accountability || G77 opposed reforms under the Change Management initiative&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/638/add.1 66/638/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] || 24 December 2009 || [[Scale of assessments]] || Russia proposal alternative set of rates for regular budget scale&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/482/Add.1 A/64/482/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Committee for Programme and Coordination ==
The legal basis for consensus-based decision-making in the [[CPC]] is also [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;6. ''Agrees'' that…the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination should continue its existing practice of reaching decisions by consensus; explanatory views, if any, shall be presented to the General Assembly;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations ==
The longstanding practice of the [[C34]] is to take decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations: Summary record of the first meeting, Friday, 26 March 1965&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]

== References ==

[[category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Accountability</title>
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    <text bytes="2312" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly, in its resolution 64/259, defined '''accountability''' as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Accountability  is  the  obligation  of  the  Secretariat  and  its  staff  members  to  be  answerable  for  all  decisions  made  and  actions  taken  by  them,  and  to  be  responsible   for   honouring   their   commitments,   without   qualification   or   exception. 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Accountability includes achieving objectives and high-quality results in a timely  and  cost-effective  manner,  in  fully  implementing  and  delivering  on  all  mandates to the Secretariat approved by the United Nations intergovernmental bodies and other subsidiary organs established by them in compliance with all resolutions,   regulations,   rules   and   ethical   standards;   truthful,   objective,  accurate and timely reporting on performance results; responsible stewardship of funds and resources; all aspects of performance, including a clearly defined system  of  rewards  and  sanctions;  and  with  due  recognition  to  the  important  role   of   the   oversight   bodies   and   in   full   compliance   with   accepted   recommendations. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers reports on implementation of an accountability system in the Secretariat annually during the first part of its resumed session in March. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! GA resolution   !! SG report !! [[ACABQ]] report !! Notes
|-
|    || [https://undocs.org/A/74/658 A/74/658] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/741 A/74/741] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/289 73/289] of 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/688 A/73/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/688/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/800 A/73/800] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/303 72/303] of 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/773 A/72/773] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/885 A/72/885] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/res/71/283 71/283] of 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/729 A/71/729] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/820 A/71/820] || 
|}

== Delegation of authority ==

An accountability framework, initially consisting of 16 key performance indicators, was established as part of the [[delegation of authority]] system implemented on 1 January 2020.  

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
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    <text bytes="8918" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the T/PCC and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Types of contingent-owned equipment ==
All COE falls under one of two types, which are reimbursed in different ways: '''major equipment''', or equipment used by a contingent to support the mission mandate (e.g. vehicles, and '''self-sustainment''', or equipment used by the contingent to support itself (e.g. catering, laundry, office supplies). Some categories of equipment can be reimbursed as either major equipment or self-sustainment based on how it is used, e.g. electrical and medical equipment. 

=== Major equipment ===
Major equipment is reimbursed per item or set of equipment using a monthly rate calculated based on the total cost of the equipment and its estimated useful life. If the contingent is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a wet lease), a maintenance factor is included in the reimbursement rate. Otherwise, the UN is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a dry lease). The reimbursement rate also includes a no-fault incident factor, which addresses costs that may be incurred in dealing with damage resulting from no-fault incidents. No reimbursement is paid on account of equipment that is not present or serviceable. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex A&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Self-sustainment ===
In the MOU, the UN and the T/PCC agree on which categories of self-sustainment will be provided by the UN and which by the contingent. For those categories provided by the contingent, reimbursement is paid on a per-person, per-month basis if the agreed service is provided to UN standard. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex B&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Factors ===
Reimbursement rates also take into account a number of factors that provide additional reimbursement. These include
* '''Mission factors'''&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 7&lt;/ref&gt;
** Extreme environmental conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Intensified operational conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Hostile action or forced abandonment factor (maximum of 5% bonus to self-sustainment rates or half of the maintenance rate for major equipment)
* '''Incremental transportation factor''' &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;
** Calculated based on the distance between port of embarkation for in the T/PCC and the port of entry of the mission area, to account for the costs of maintaining supply lines for spare parts, consumables, etc. Applies to the maintenance rate for major equipment only. 

== Loss or damage == 
Loss or damage due to no-fault incidents is covered under the no-fault incident factor.

Loss or damage due to hostile action is covered under the hostile action or forced abandonment mission factor for low-value loss/damage. For high-value single incidents or cumulative losses, the T/PCC can file a claim with the UN.&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 6&lt;/ref&gt; 

== COE Working Group ==
The COE Working Group meets for a two-week session every three years and makes recommendations to the [[Fifth Committee]] of the General Assembly on the basis of issue papers submitted either by Member States or the Secretariat. These recommendations are contained in a report transmitted in a letter from the Chair of the Working Group to the Chair of the Fifth Committee. In recent years, the COE Working Group has divided its work amongst three sub-working groups, one covering major equipment, one covering self-sustainment and one covering medical issues (given the level of specialized expertise required). 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [http://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [http://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [http://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [http://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [http://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [http://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [http://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|-
| 
| 
| 2020
| [http://undocs.org/a/74/689 A/74/689]
| [http://undocs.org/a/74/698 A/74/698]
| 
| No agreement reached by working group on changes to rates
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. The COE Manual is issued after the General Assembly has taken action on the recommendations of the COE Working Group and reflects the updated policies, procedures and rates related to COE, as well as the text of the model [[memorandum of understanding]].

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2017 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

== See also ==
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Personnel reimbursement]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
    <sha1>e569691d954c8a6429be6084b7b1871eff10ba29</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20200327131037|555">
  <title>Special political missions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <timestamp>2020-03-27T13:10:37Z</timestamp>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives */ Added resolution from main part of the 74th session</comment>
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    <text bytes="11187" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/253 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 74 || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>c8dadcb4e8990dad4990acf07e55454923a8dd18</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>559</id>
    <parentid>555</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-04-17T20:37:41Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Intergovernmental process */ Fixed typo</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11187" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from peacekeeping missions by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 74 || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Budget terminology</title>
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    <text bytes="5455" xml:space="preserve">This is a guide to commonly-used '''terminology used in United Nations budget documents'''.

== Budget ==

'''Redeployment'''
: The transfer of funds between groups, classes or objects of expenditure by the Secretariat within an approved budget.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/a/66/5(vol.ii) A/66/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors, Volume II: United Nations peacekeeping operations (2010/11), paras 45-49 &lt;/ref&gt;

'''Vacancy rate'''
: The percentage of posts not filled during a budget period. Budgets are prepared on the basis of historical or projected vacancy rates. The vacancy rates actually used in the calculation of the approved resources are the budgeted rates approved by the General Assembly, usually on the basis of recommendations by the ACABQ. The actual vacancy rates for a financial period are reported in the associated budget performance report. Vacancy rates are calculated separately for national and international staff. 

'''Delayed deployment factor'''
: A factor, usually expressed in percentage terms, applied to the costs associated with military and police personnel to reflect expected delays in reaching the full planned strength during a budget period. 

'''Appropriation'''
: An authorization granted by a legislative body to allocate funds for purposes specified by the legislature or a similar authority. For the United Nations, appropriations are voted upon by the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ic/2013/36 ST/IC/2013/36] United Nations policy framework for International Public Sector Accounting Standards, Appendix II&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Apportionment'''
: The amount to be divided amongst Member States on the basis of the applicable [[scale of assessments]].

== Human resources ==

'''Post''' (fr: post)
: An authorization to employ a person, or a succession of persons, for the performance of work required by the Organization.&lt;ref&gt;ACC/1983/FB/1 Glossary of financial and budgetary terms by the CCAQ, May 1983&lt;/ref&gt; Once a post has been established by the General Assembly, it remains in existence until the General Assembly decides to abolish it. 

: ''Note: For the process for establishing posts funded under extrabudgetary resources, please see the article on [[extrabudgetary resources#Creation of posts|extrabudgetary resources]].''

'''Position''' (fr: poste temporaire)
: In [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] and [[special political missions|special political mission]] budgets, positions are understood to be temporary posts funded through general temporary assistance. Unlike posts, positions only last until the end of the financial period unless the General Assembly extends 

'''General temporary assistance'''
: In the [[regular budget]], general temporary assistance (GTA) funding is primarily used to meet exceptional and/or peak workload circumstances or for replacement of staff on maternity leave or sick leave.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/c.5/54/33 A/C.5/54/33] Use of general temporary assistance for specific positions&lt;/ref&gt; In peacekeeping and special political missions, GTA is used to finance temporary positions. 

'''Post establishment'''
: A new post is proposed to be established when additional resources are necessary and when it is not possible to redeploy resources from other offices or otherwise accommodate specific activities from within existing resources.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] Overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations, Annex II&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post reassignment'''
: An approved post that was intended to cover a certain function is proposed to implement other priority mandated activities unrelated to the original function. While a post reassignment may involve a change of location or office, it does not change the category or level of the post.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post redeployment'''
: An approved post is proposed to be redeployed to cover comparable or related functions in another office.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post reclassification'''
: An approved post is proposed to be reclassified (upgraded or downgraded) when the duties and responsibilities of the post have changed substantially. &lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post abolishment'''
: An approved post is proposed to be abolished if it is no longer needed to implement the activities for which it was approved or to implement other priority mandated activities within the mission.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post conversion''' 
: Three possible options for post conversion are as follows: 
:* Conversion of general temporary assistance positions to posts: approved positions financed under general temporary assistance are proposed for conversion to posts if the functions being performed are of a continuing nature. 
:* Conversion of individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts to national staff posts: taking into account the continuing nature of certain functions, in line with section VIII, paragraph 11, of General Assembly resolution 59/296, individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts. 
:* Conversion of international staff posts to national staff posts: approved international staff posts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Death and disability compensation</title>
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    <text bytes="5513" xml:space="preserve">'''Death and disability compensation''' is paid by the United Nations for military and police personnel killed or injured in service. The current maximum rate of compensation is $77,000&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Principles of compensation ==

The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Prior to the adoption of the current system of uniform compensation in resolution 51/218E of 17 June 1997, compensation for military and police [[categories of personnel|contingent personnel]] was paid by their respective national authorities based on the relevant national legislation, who in turn were reimbursed by the United Nations upon receipt of a claim duly certified by the national auditor-general (or official of similar rank). This meant that troops or their beneficiaries were reimbursed different amounts based on national origin.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 68&lt;/ref&gt; 

From 1991, [[categories of personnel|individually-deployed uniformed experts]] (e.g. military observers and police officers) or their beneficiaries were reimbursed up to twice the annual salary excluding allowances or $50,000, whichever is higher&lt;ref&gt;Note that [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 71, says "whichever is lower". This must have been an error, as all other reports, including the associated ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664], say "whichever is higher".&lt;/ref&gt;; before 1991, the threshold was $20,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/746 A/63/746], table 2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The compensation levels for contingent personnel and individually-deployed were unified in July 2010 with the adoption of resolution 64/269, which set a maximum level of $70,000 for all uniformed personnel. 

=== Settlement of claims ===

As per requests of the General Assembly, claims are supposed to be settled as soon as possible, but no later than three months after the date of submission&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Delays in settlement generally result from:
# Delayed receipt of medical information on claimants from their respective permanent missions;
# Time required to complete an assessment of permanent impairment by the Division for Healthcare Management and Occupational Safety and Health of the [[Department of Operational Support]]; 
# Confirmation from the mission that the death or disability was mission-related and not caused by gross negligence or wilful misconduct.

=== Post-traumatic stress disorder ===

As of 2018, the United Nations recognizes PTSD is a recognized disability eligible for compensation and represents a significant proportion of outstanding claims. Moreover, the submission of such claims is often delayed because symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder can take years/ decades to be felt or be recognized.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IV&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018 (paragraph 4) increased the rate by 10%
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] of 24 June 2010 (section II, paragraph 3) increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/177 52/177] of 18 December 1997 approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218e 51/218E] of 17 June 1997 (section II) set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994 (section III) established the principles for the payment of death and disability

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
Information on death and disability claims has, since the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/316 57/316] of 18 June 2003, been included in the annual report on the [[Overview report|overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations]]. Prior to that, a separate report titled "Death and disability benefits" was issued on an annual basis.  
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/550 A/63/550] ''Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/52/369 A/52/369] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented proposals for administrative and payment procedures
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/906 A/59/906] and [https://undocs.org/A/49/906/corr.1 Corr.1] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented options for providing compensation to troops
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/664 A/49/664] ''Annex VII: Compensation for Death, Injury and Disability''
* [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] ''Effective planning, budgeting and administration of peace-keeping operations''—requested guidance from the General Assembly for providing compensation to troops

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="6236" xml:space="preserve">'''Death and disability compensation''' is paid by the United Nations for military and police personnel killed or injured in service. The current maximum rate of compensation is $77,000&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Principles of compensation ==

The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Prior to the adoption of the current system of uniform compensation in resolution 51/218E of 17 June 1997, compensation for military and police [[categories of personnel|contingent personnel]] was paid by their respective national authorities based on the relevant national legislation, who in turn were reimbursed by the United Nations upon receipt of a claim duly certified by the national auditor-general (or official of similar rank). This meant that troops or their beneficiaries were reimbursed different amounts based on national origin.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 68&lt;/ref&gt; 

From 1991, [[categories of personnel|individually-deployed uniformed experts]] (e.g. military observers and police officers) or their beneficiaries were reimbursed up to twice the annual salary excluding allowances or $50,000, whichever is higher&lt;ref&gt;Note that [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 71, says "whichever is lower". This must have been an error, as all other reports, including the associated ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664], say "whichever is higher".&lt;/ref&gt;; before 1991, the threshold was $20,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/746 A/63/746], table 2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The compensation levels for contingent personnel and individually-deployed were unified in July 2010 with the adoption of resolution 64/269, which set a maximum level of $70,000 for all uniformed personnel. 

=== Settlement of claims ===

As per requests of the General Assembly, claims are supposed to be settled as soon as possible, but no later than three months after the date of submission&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Delays in settlement generally result from:
# Delayed receipt of medical information on claimants from their respective permanent missions;
# Time required to complete an assessment of permanent impairment by the Division for Healthcare Management and Occupational Safety and Health of the [[Department of Operational Support]]; 
# Confirmation from the mission that the death or disability was mission-related and not caused by gross negligence or wilful misconduct.

=== Post-traumatic stress disorder ===

As of 2018, the United Nations recognizes PTSD is a recognized disability eligible for compensation and represents a significant proportion of outstanding claims. Moreover, the submission of such claims is often delayed because symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder can take years/ decades to be felt or be recognized.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IV&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''See also'''
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776] Overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Report of the Secretary-General (Annex IV)
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] Overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Report of the Secretary-General (Annex IV)
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/743 A/74/743] Budget for the support account for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021: Report of the Secretary-General (paragraphs 39-41)
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/809 A/74/809] Budget for the support account for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021: Report of the [[ACABQ]] (paragraphs 16-21)

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018 (paragraph 4) increased the rate by 10%
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] of 24 June 2010 (section II, paragraph 3) increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/177 52/177] of 18 December 1997 approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218e 51/218E] of 17 June 1997 (section II) set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994 (section III) established the principles for the payment of death and disability

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
Information on death and disability claims has, since the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/316 57/316] of 18 June 2003, been included in the annual report on the [[Overview report|overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations]]. Prior to that, a separate report titled "Death and disability benefits" was issued on an annual basis.  
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/550 A/63/550] ''Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits''
* [https://undocs.org/A/52/369 A/52/369] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented proposals for administrative and payment procedures''
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/906 A/59/906] and [https://undocs.org/A/49/906/corr.1 Corr.1] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented options for providing compensation to troops
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/664 A/49/664] ''Annex VII: Compensation for Death, Injury and Disability''
* [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] ''Effective planning, budgeting and administration of peace-keeping operations''—requested guidance from the General Assembly for providing compensation to troops

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Categories of personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="12083" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either tasks that are of a more analytical or conceptual nature or tasks that are in general procedural, operational and technical&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4 Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations
common system &lt;/ref&gt;. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Descriptions of the various categories are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== [[Seconded personnel|Seconded military and police personnel]] ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]
* [[Seconded personnel]]
* [[human resources terminology#Inter-agency mobility|Inter-Organization Agreement on Transfer, Secondment or Loan]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12409" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
United Nations staff are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either tasks that are of a more analytical or conceptual nature or tasks that are in general procedural, operational and technical&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4 Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations
common system &lt;/ref&gt;. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Descriptions of the various categories are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)&lt;ref&gt;For more information on the Field Service category, see [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1 A/61/255/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1/Corr.1 Corr.1] Reforming the Field Service category: Investing in meeting the human resources requirements of United Nations peace operations in the twenty-first century&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== [[Seconded personnel|Seconded military and police personnel]] ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]
* [[Seconded personnel]]
* [[human resources terminology#Inter-agency mobility|Inter-Organization Agreement on Transfer, Secondment or Loan]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200327131037|555">
  <title>Staff Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <text bytes="3127" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/1 ST/SGB/2000/1] Staff Rules—100 series
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/2 ST/SGB/2000/2] Staff Rules—200 series applicable to technical assistance project personnel
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/3 ST/SGB/2000/3] Staff Rules—300 series governing appointments for service of a limited duration

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3304" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/A/59/291 A/59/291] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/732 A/61.732] Staffing of field missions, including the use of 300 and 100-series appointments&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/1 ST/SGB/2000/1] Staff Rules—100 series
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/2 ST/SGB/2000/2] Staff Rules—200 series applicable to technical assistance project personnel
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/3 ST/SGB/2000/3] Staff Rules—300 series governing appointments for service of a limited duration

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions</title>
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    <text bytes="7854" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of 16 members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], with its consideration of proposals with administrative or budgetary implications. In 2021, the membership will expand to 21 members. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services. As such, they are referred to by their names and not by their country of nationality. 

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)],  sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103] and 21 in [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267].

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State, shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267], which takes effect on 1 January 2021, the representation will be as follows:
* African Group: 5 (+2)
* Asia and Pacific Group: 5 (+1)
* Eastern Europe Group: 3 (+1)
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 4 (+1)
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

Most reports of the Secretary-General containing administrative and budgetary proposals are considered by the ACABQ prior to consideration by the [[Fifth Committee]]. The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are contained in reports that are reviewed by the Fifth Committee at the same time as it considers the proposals of the Secretary-General. 

=== ACABQ meetings ===

The ACABQ holds a number of different types of meetings: hearings, executive and drafting. It also occasionally has administrative meetings to discuss internal working methods and house-keeping issues.&lt;ref&gt;[https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224 https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224&lt;/ref&gt;

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an "executive meeting" to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote.

=== ACABQ recommendations ===

The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are reflected in bold text in ACABQ reports. The general practice of the Fifth Committee is to use these conclusions and recommendations as the starting point of its deliberations. As such, most resolutions originating in the Fifth Committee contain an operative paragraph by which the General Assembly "endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution". When such a paragraph exists in a resolution, all conclusions and recommendations in the ACABQ report are understood to be endorsed except when (1) the General Assembly [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|takes note]] of a paragraph containing bold text, in which case those specific conclusions and recommendations are understood to not be endorsed, or (2) if the resolution contains language qualifying or contradicting any conclusions or recommendations in the ACABQ report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
* [https://www.un.org/ga/acabq/ Website of the ACABQ]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7855" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of 16 members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], with its consideration of proposals with administrative or budgetary implications. In 2021, the membership will expand to 21 members. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services. As such, they are referred to by their names and not by their country of nationality. 

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)],  sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103] and 21 in [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267].

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State, shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267], which takes effect on 1 January 2021, the representation will be as follows:
* African Group: 5 (+2)
* Asia and Pacific Group: 5 (+1)
* Eastern Europe Group: 3 (+1)
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 4 (+1)
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

Most reports of the Secretary-General containing administrative and budgetary proposals are considered by the ACABQ prior to consideration by the [[Fifth Committee]]. The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are contained in reports that are reviewed by the Fifth Committee at the same time as it considers the proposals of the Secretary-General. 

=== ACABQ meetings ===

The ACABQ holds a number of different types of meetings: hearings, executive and drafting. It also occasionally has administrative meetings to discuss internal working methods and house-keeping issues.&lt;ref&gt;[https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224 https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224]&lt;/ref&gt;

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an "executive meeting" to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote.

=== ACABQ recommendations ===

The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are reflected in bold text in ACABQ reports. The general practice of the Fifth Committee is to use these conclusions and recommendations as the starting point of its deliberations. As such, most resolutions originating in the Fifth Committee contain an operative paragraph by which the General Assembly "endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution". When such a paragraph exists in a resolution, all conclusions and recommendations in the ACABQ report are understood to be endorsed except when (1) the General Assembly [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|takes note]] of a paragraph containing bold text, in which case those specific conclusions and recommendations are understood to not be endorsed, or (2) if the resolution contains language qualifying or contradicting any conclusions or recommendations in the ACABQ report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
* [https://www.un.org/ga/acabq/ Website of the ACABQ]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Inter-mission cooperation</title>
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    <text bytes="9761" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' ('''IMC''') refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission transfer between missions is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions to prohibit cross-borrowing:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
: (a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
: (b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
: (c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
: (d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

A similar arrangement was authorized for ONUB and MONUC in resolution [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] of 21 December 2005. 

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council resolution !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2348(2017) 2348 (2017)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Requested SG  to  explore  possibility  of  IMC  transfers of  troops  and  their  assets  from  other missions
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2004/135 S/2004/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
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    <text bytes="3968" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping overview report. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900  || [https://www.undocs.org/en/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Budget requests for programmatic activities */</comment>
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    <text bytes="3972" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900  || [https://www.undocs.org/en/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Overview report</title>
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    <comment>/* Overview reports */</comment>
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    <text bytes="3733" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance year !! Budget request year !! Cross-cutting resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] || To be issued  || 2018/19 || 2020/21 || Pending ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/755 A/73/755] || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/789 A/72/789] || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/836 A/71/836] || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/742 A/70/742] || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/839 A/69/839] || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/307 67/307] || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/782 A/68/782] || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/780 A/67/780] || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || [https://undocs.org/a/66/718 A/66/718] || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || [https://undocs.org/a/65/743 A/65/743] || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || [https://undocs.org/a/64/660 A/64/660] || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/259] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || [https://undocs.org/a/62/781 A/62/781] || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || [https://undocs.org/a/61/852 A/61/852] || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/60/880 A/60/880] || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || [https://undocs.org/a/58/759 A/58/759] || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772] || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200327131037|555">
  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="7509" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Includes AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
=== Financing ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations

=== Cooperation with the AU ===
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[UNOAU]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="6643" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,648,756,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;res&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)[&lt;/res&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] ||
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] ||
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] ||
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>7a1774522a0f6ae3459d3c3f570bec8b35156393</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>571</id>
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    <minor/>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6644" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,648,756,300* || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] ||
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] ||
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] ||
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>e01c6d54b6ff1a69b0a73393751a958d2e65c7bd</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>572</id>
    <parentid>571</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-05-02T02:26:22Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Summary table */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6733" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA approved total !! GA approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,648,756,300* || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] ||
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] ||
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] ||
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>e440b376362f4d4e2ab7e15d82a14c5c68b5c303</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>589</id>
    <parentid>572</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-05-13T21:44:03Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7917" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA initial approved total !! GA initial approved summary !! GA final approved total !! GA final approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || 6,648,756,300* || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || ||  || 
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || ||  || 
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || ||  || 
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <id>596</id>
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    <text bytes="7965" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA initial approved total !! GA initial approved summary !! GA final approved total !! GA final approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || 6,775,063,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt; || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || ||  || 
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || ||  || 
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || ||  || 
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200327131037|555">
  <title>Claims</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "A number of different '''claims''' processes have been established over the years to address various circumstances in which death, damage and disability may occur as part of U..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="2987" xml:space="preserve">A number of different '''claims''' processes have been established over the years to address various circumstances in which death, damage and disability may occur as part of United Nations operations. Claims may also arise as a result of disputes with vendors over contractual disputes.

== Death and disability claims ==
[[Death and disability compensation]] is paid by the United Nations to uniformed personnel killed or injured in service. 

== Commercial claims ==
Under the [[delegation of authority]] framework established under [http://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2], heads of entity (including heads of mission) have been delegated the authority to settle commercial claims up to a limit of $50,000 after consultation with the Office of Legal Affairs. The [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] has been delegated the authority to settle commercial claims above $50,000 upon recommendation of the [[Department of Operational Support|Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support]].&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal effects ==
Loss or damage to personal effects attributable to service are reimbursable under the terms of [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/149/Rev.4 ST/AI/149/Rev.4]. Heads of entity have been delegated the authority to settle staff claims up to $10,000 per case.&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Third-party claims ==
Third-party claims are claims raised by individuals outside of the United Nations. 

=== Insured claims ===
Third-party claims arising from accidents involving official United Nations vehicles are reviewed by the mission claims unit and settled by the local representative of the relevant insurance company providing coverage for the mission or location in question.&lt;ref&gt;2007.xx DFS guidelines for claims for field missions&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Uninsured claims ===
Third-party uninsured claims, e.g. for personal injury or death, damage to civilian property, etc. are considered by the mission '''Local Claims Review Board''' (LCRB), which makes recommendations to the head of entity. Heads of entity have been delegated to settle third-party claims up to $20,000 per case taking into account the recommendations by the LCRB.&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

The LCRB consists of a chairperson, members (usually the Chief Human Resources Officer, Chief Finance Officer, and Legal Adviser) and a secretary (usually the head of the mission claims/property management unit), plus alternates for each. For cases involving military or police personnel, a military or police representative is also included. A chairperson, two members and a secretary constitutes a quorum.&lt;ref&gt;2007.xx DFS guidelines for claims for field missions&lt;/ref&gt; 

The LCRB may also make recommendations for the payment of ex gratia payments. 

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="3057" xml:space="preserve">A number of different '''claims''' processes have been established over the years to address various circumstances in which death, damage and disability may occur as part of United Nations operations. Claims may also arise as a result of disputes with vendors over contractual disputes.

== Death and disability claims ==
[[Death and disability compensation]] is paid by the United Nations to uniformed personnel killed or injured in service. 

== Commercial claims ==
Under the [[delegation of authority]] framework established under [http://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2], heads of entity (including heads of mission) have been delegated the authority to settle commercial claims up to a limit of $50,000 after consultation with the Office of Legal Affairs. The [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] has been delegated the authority to settle commercial claims above $50,000 upon recommendation of the [[Department of Operational Support|Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support]].&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal effects ==
Loss or damage to personal effects attributable to service are reimbursable under the terms of [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/149/Rev.4 ST/AI/149/Rev.4]. Heads of entity have been delegated the authority to settle staff claims up to $10,000 per case.&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Third-party claims ==
Third-party claims are claims raised by individuals outside of the United Nations. 

=== Insured claims ===
Third-party claims arising from accidents involving official United Nations vehicles are reviewed by the mission claims unit and settled by the local representative of the relevant insurance company providing coverage for the mission or location in question.&lt;ref&gt;2007.xx DFS guidelines for claims for field missions&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Uninsured claims ===
Third-party uninsured claims, e.g. for personal injury or death, damage to civilian property, etc. are considered by the mission '''Local Claims Review Board''' (LCRB), which makes recommendations to the head of entity. Heads of entity have been delegated to settle third-party claims up to $20,000 per case taking into account the recommendations by the LCRB.&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

The LCRB consists of a chairperson, members (usually the Chief Human Resources Officer, Chief Finance Officer, and Legal Adviser) and a secretary (usually the head of the mission claims/property management unit), plus alternates for each. For cases involving military or police personnel, a military or police representative is also included. A chairperson, two members and a secretary constitutes a quorum.&lt;ref&gt;2007.xx DFS guidelines for claims for field missions&lt;/ref&gt; 

The LCRB may also make recommendations for the payment of ex gratia payments. 

== References ==


[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Third-party claims */</comment>
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    <text bytes="3696" xml:space="preserve">A number of different '''claims''' processes have been established over the years to address various circumstances in which death, damage and disability may occur as part of United Nations operations. Claims may also arise as a result of disputes with vendors over contractual disputes.

== Death and disability claims ==
[[Death and disability compensation]] is paid by the United Nations to uniformed personnel killed or injured in service. 

== Commercial claims ==
Under the [[delegation of authority]] framework established under [http://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2], heads of entity (including heads of mission) have been delegated the authority to settle commercial claims up to a limit of $50,000 after consultation with the Office of Legal Affairs. The [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] has been delegated the authority to settle commercial claims above $50,000 upon recommendation of the [[Department of Operational Support|Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support]].&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal effects ==
Loss or damage to personal effects attributable to service are reimbursable under the terms of [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/149/Rev.4 ST/AI/149/Rev.4]. Heads of entity have been delegated the authority to settle staff claims up to $10,000 per case.&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Third-party claims ==
Third-party claims are claims raised by individuals outside of the United Nations. The United Nations is responsible for dealing with claims by third parties where the loss or or damage to property or death or personal injury was caused by the United Nations, including personnel or equipment provided by troop- or police-contributing countries in the conduct of official business. Where loss, damage, death or injury is the result of gross negligence or wilful misconduct of personnel provided by a troop- or police-contributing country, the Government in question will be liable for such claims, as established in Article 9 of the [[memorandum of understanding]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/288] COE Manual (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Insured claims ===
Third-party claims arising from accidents involving official United Nations vehicles are reviewed by the mission claims unit and settled by the local representative of the relevant insurance company providing coverage for the mission or location in question.&lt;ref&gt;2007.xx DFS guidelines for claims for field missions&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Uninsured claims ===
Third-party uninsured claims, e.g. for personal injury or death, damage to civilian property, etc. are considered by the mission '''Local Claims Review Board''' (LCRB), which makes recommendations to the head of entity. Heads of entity have been delegated to settle third-party claims up to $20,000 per case taking into account the recommendations by the LCRB.&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

The LCRB consists of a chairperson, members (usually the Chief Human Resources Officer, Chief Finance Officer, and Legal Adviser) and a secretary (usually the head of the mission claims/property management unit), plus alternates for each. For cases involving military or police personnel, a military or police representative is also included. A chairperson, two members and a secretary constitutes a quorum.&lt;ref&gt;2007.xx DFS guidelines for claims for field missions&lt;/ref&gt; 

The LCRB may also make recommendations for the payment of ex gratia payments.

== References ==


[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3851" xml:space="preserve">A number of different '''claims''' processes have been established over the years to address various circumstances in which death, damage and disability may occur as part of United Nations operations. Claims may also arise as a result of disputes with vendors over contractual disputes.

== Death and disability claims ==
[[Death and disability compensation]] is paid by the United Nations to uniformed personnel killed or injured in service. 

== Commercial claims ==
Under the [[delegation of authority]] framework established under [http://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2], heads of entity (including heads of mission) have been delegated the authority to settle commercial claims up to a limit of $50,000 after consultation with the Office of Legal Affairs. The [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] has been delegated the authority to settle commercial claims above $50,000 upon recommendation of the [[Department of Operational Support|Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support]].&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal effects ==
Loss or damage to personal effects attributable to service are reimbursable under the terms of [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/149/Rev.4 ST/AI/149/Rev.4]. Heads of entity have been delegated the authority to settle staff claims up to $10,000 per case.&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Third-party claims ==
Third-party claims are claims raised by individuals outside of the United Nations. The United Nations is responsible for dealing with claims by third parties where the loss or or damage to property or death or personal injury was caused by the United Nations, including personnel or equipment provided by troop- or police-contributing countries in the conduct of official business. Where loss, damage, death or injury is the result of gross negligence or wilful misconduct of personnel provided by a troop- or police-contributing country, the Government in question will be liable for such claims, as established in Article 9 of the [[memorandum of understanding]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/288] COE Manual (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Insured claims ===
Third-party claims arising from accidents involving official United Nations vehicles are reviewed by the mission claims unit and settled by the local representative of the relevant insurance company providing coverage for the mission or location in question.&lt;ref&gt;2007.xx DFS guidelines for claims for field missions&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Uninsured claims ===
Heads of entity have been delegated to settle uninsured third-party claims up to $20,000 per case taking into account the recommendations by the Local Claims Review Board.&lt;ref&gt;Standard delegation of authority instrument, 1 January 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Local Claims Review Board ==

Heads of entity are delegated the authority to establish a '''Local Claims Review Board''' (LCRB), which makes recommendations to the head of entity on the settlement of staff and third-party claims. Where applicable, the LCRB should consider the findings of a [[board of inquiry]] or head of mission report. 

The LCRB consists of a chairperson, members (usually the Chief Human Resources Officer, Chief Finance Officer, and Legal Adviser) and a secretary (usually the head of the mission claims/property management unit), plus alternates for each. For cases involving military or police personnel, a military or police representative is also included. A chairperson, two members and a secretary constitutes a quorum.&lt;ref&gt;2007.xx DFS guidelines for claims for field missions&lt;/ref&gt; 

The LCRB may also make recommendations for the payment of ex gratia payments.

== References ==


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  <title>Board of inquiry</title>
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    <text bytes="3741" xml:space="preserve">A '''Board of Inquiry''' (BOI) is a managerial tool used to review and record the facts of serious incidents, with a view to identifying gaps in policies and procedures, strengthening internal controls and improving financial managerial accountability. The BOI is not an investigative or judicial process and does not consider questions of compensation, legal liability or disciplinary action.&lt;ref&gt;2008.23 Policy Directive: Boards of inquiry&lt;/ref&gt; BOI reports are often used as supporting documentation for consideration of [[claims]]

== Circumstances ==

Boards of inquiry are convened by the head of mission or by the Under-Secretaries-General for [[Department of Operational Support|Operational Support]], [[Department of Peace Operations|Peace Operations]] or [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|Peacebuilding and Political Affairs]]. A BOI is mandatory in the following circumstances:

* Incidents resulting in the death or serious injury of mission personnel;
* Incidents resulting in the death or serious injury of a third party where mission personnel are involved;
* The kidnapping of any United Nations personnel;
* Loss or damage to UN-owned equipment in the amount of $25,000 or more that cannot be ascribed to wear and tear;
* Loss or damage to third party-owned equipment in the amount of $10,000 or more when mission personnel are involved;
* Loss or damage to [[contingent-owned equipment]] in the following circumstances:
** Cases involving loss or damage of major equipment as a result of a single incident of hostile action or forced abandonment in which the generic fair market value of the loss or damage equals or exceeds $250,000;
** Cases involving major or minor loss or damage to COE used by one contingent but provided by another;
** Cases involving major or minor loss or damage to COE in which personnel from more than one contingent are involved.

A BOI report should be completed within 90 days from the date of occurrence. BOI reports are confidential internal documents which contain sensitive information and are not generally made available to outside entities. 

BOI are not convened for allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]], for which separate processes are in place. 

== Membership ==

A roster of individuals qualified to serve on a BOI is maintained by the mission BOI officer, who usually also serves as the secretary of the BOI. 

The mission legal officer is responsible for reviewing the terms of reference of each BOI, briefing the members of a BOI of their responsibilities, reviewing the draft BOI report to ensure compliance with applicable regulations, rules and policies and providing a written legal opinion to accompany the final BOI report. 

== Head of Mission Report ==

The head of mission may in certain circumstances forego convening a BOI and submit a head of mission report instead. Such reports are generally submitted:

* Under exceptional circumstances where convening a BOI is not practical, such as during ongoing hostilities, natural disasters, or when missions have limited capacity, e.g. during mission start-up or downsizing;
* Cases of illness-related death in which investigation or military reports do not present issues requiring further review; and
* Cases of death or serious injury that take place during personal leave outside the mission area.

As with BOI reports, head of mission reports are confidential internal documents which contain sensitive information and are not generally made available to outside entities.

== See also ==
* [[Claims]]
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* 2008.23 Policy Directive: Boards of Inquiry
* 2016.23 Standard Operating Procedure: Boards of Inquiry

== References ==

[[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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    <text bytes="14173" xml:space="preserve">[[Peacekeeping missions]], with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations.

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual [[peacekeeping financial period]] of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a pro rata charge against each client mission. The totality of requirements requested is summarized in the annual peacekeeping [[overview report]].

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

The financing arrangement for GSC was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/1B 52/1 B].

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the GSC applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Mandate ===
The mandate of each peacekeeping mission is established by the Security Council. Since 2009, the Security Council has requested an estimate of resource implications from the Secretariat whenever a new peacekeeping mission is proposed, or where significant change to a mandate is envisaged.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/24 S/PRST/2009/24] Statement by the President of the Security Council, 5 August 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions no longer have a legal basis for incurring expenses. 

The Fifth Committee considers mission budgets separately from the budgets of the support account, GSC and RSCE. Separate financing resolutions are adopted for each mission, the support account, GSC and RSCE. Because the support account, GSC and RSCE are funded through pro rata charges to their client missions, the mission budget resolutions cannot be finalized until after agreements have been reached on the support account, GSC and RSCE (if applicable) in order to calculate the shares of those budgets to include in each of the mission financing resolutions. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for each mission can only be finalized after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which the missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget. During mission start-up or expansion, missions can use commitment authority to draw against the balance of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping financial period]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

=== Documents ===
* UNEF Financial Rules
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/UNEF/2 ST/SGB/UNEF/2] Provisional Financial Rules (15 November 1957)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/UNEF/2/Rev.1 ST/SGB/UNEF/2/Rev.1] Financial Rules (15 December 1958)
** ST/SGB/UNEF/2/Rev.2 Financial Rules (30 December 1960)

== References ==

[[Category: budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12982" xml:space="preserve">The Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly responsible for issues related to the management, financing, and oversight of the United Nations Secretariat. As one of the six Main Committees, all UN Member States (193, as of this writing), are represented in the Committee, though as a matter of practice most Member States are represented through blocs such as the Group of 77 and China (G77), which consists of over 130 developing countries. 

Since the adoption of [http://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213], the Committee has generally taken most decisions by [[consensus]].

== Role ==

As indicated in section VI of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/248 resolution 45/248B], 
&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. &lt;em&gt;Reaffirms&lt;/em&gt; that the Fifth Committee is the appropriate Main Committee of the General Assembly entrusted with responsibilities for administrative and budgetary matters;&lt;br /&gt;
2. &lt;em&gt;Reaffirms also&lt;/em&gt; the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions;&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;em&gt;Expresses its concern&lt;/em&gt; at the tendency of its substantive Committees and other intergovernmental bodies to involve themselves in administrative and budgetary matters;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Rule 153 of the [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/ropga/ General Assembly Rules of Procedure] states:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
No resolution involving expenditure shall be recommended by a committee for approval by the General Assembly unless it is accompanied by an estimate of expenditures prepared by the Secretary-General. No resolution in respect of which expenditures are anticipated by the Secretary-General shall be voted by the General Assembly until the Administrative and Budgetary Committee (Fifth Committee) has had an opportunity of stating the effect of the proposal upon the budget estimates of the United Nations.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Blocs ==

=== Group of 77 and China ===

Developing countries coordinate in the G77 format in intergovernmental bodies responsible for economic and financial issues (such as the Fifth Committee) and in the NAM format on bodies responsible for peace and security issues. The primary difference in membership is that many large Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, are members of the G77 but not the NAM. 

The G77 adopts a common position on nearly all Fifth Committee issues, with two notable exceptions: peacekeeping mission budgets and issues pertaining to the permanent members of the Security Council. On peacekeeping mission budgets, the African Group negotiates as a bloc, while other G77 members negotiate in their national capacity. 

Leadership of the G77 rotates on an annual basis, and the Chair is responsible for coordinating G77 positions as well as delivering common statements of position on behalf of the Group. 

=== Major Financial Contributors ===
Major financial contributors refer to themselves as the "like-minded group" and are referred to as "the partners" by the G77 and China. 

==== European Union ====
The Member States of the European Union generally adopt a common position on Fifth Committee matters. Since the adoption of resolution 65/276 on the participation of the European Union in the work of the United Nations in May 2011, the positions of EU Member States are jointly coordinated by (and its negotiation “burden-sharing” teams are jointly led by) the EU Delegation and the delegation holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 

==== CANZ ====
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand generally adopt a common position and negotiate in a bloc referred to as CANZ.  

==== JUSCANZ ====
The informal JUSCANZ alignment of Japan, the United States, CANZ, and Israel  is sometimes used in the Fifth Committee for coordination purposes.

=== Other delegations active in the Fifth Committee ===
* Norway 
* Switzerland
* Russia 
* Mexico

== Process ==
Below is an explanation of the Fifth Committee negotiation process.
 
=== Website ===

The Fifth Committee website is available at [http://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/ www.un.org/en/ga/fifth] and includes invaluable information, including contact information for the Bureau and Secretariat, the program of work (i.e. schedule of meetings), the text of statements delivered in Committee, and resolutions. 

=== Bureau === 
The Bureau of the Fifth Committee consists of the Chair, three Vice-Chairs, and one Rapporteur elected by the Committee; each of the five regional groups has one representative on the Bureau. The Bureau is responsible for setting the program of work  for the Committee and deciding on issues of process. By convention, the five permanent members of the Security Council never seek election to the office of PGA or to the Chair or Vice-Chair of any of the six Main Committees of the General Assembly.	

=== Secretariat ===
The Secretariat of the Fifth Committee, technically part of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for [[DMSPC|Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]], consists of UN staff members responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the Committee. They are led by the Secretary of the Committee (who also serves as the Secretary of the Committee on Program and Coordination), who supports the Chair of the Committee and who attends Bureau meetings, and include a Deputy Secretary and a number of officers who provide administrative support for negotiations on each of the individual agenda items assigned to the Committee, including activities such as managing the list of speakers, compiling language submissions for draft resolutions and serving as an impartial resource on the rules of procedure and working methods of the Committee.

=== Coordinators === 
Coordinators are Fifth Committee delegates who are responsible for facilitating the negotiations on individual agenda items. In selecting coordinators, the Bureau generally tries to ensure that coordinators for the key issues in each session are balanced between the G77 and like-minded delegations.  

It is extremely rare, but not unprecedented, for permanent members of the Security Council to serve as coordinators. 

=== Organization of Work ===
The Fifth Committee meets three times a year. The main part of its session runs from October through December, the first part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in March, and the second part of its resumed session runs for four weeks in May (though the Committee generally does not complete its work until June). Issues pertaining to the biennial [[programme budget]] (i.e. the “regular budget”), which runs from 1 January of the first year through 31 December of the second, and general management policy issues are generally handled during the main session. Non time-bound management policy issues (and overflow from the main session) are generally tackled during the first resumed session. Issues related to the [[peacekeeping financing|financing of peacekeeping operations]] are handled during the second resumed session, as the peacekeeping financial period runs from 1 July to 30 June. 

The first meeting of any session begins with a formal meeting on the Organization of Work to approve the agenda and provisional program of work. Groups and delegations generally also use this meeting to deliver statements complaining about the late issuance of documents or to identify their priorities for the session. 

=== Negotiation process ===
Negotiations on each draft resolution is based on one or more reports submitted by the Secretary-General and/or a body such as the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the [[Board of Auditors]], the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], the [[International Civil Service Commission]], the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]], the [[Independent Audit Advisory Committee]] or the [[programme budget|Committee on Programme and Coordination]]. The specific practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on these reports is outlined in a [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports|separate article]].

Because the Fifth Committee takes decisions by consensus, draft resolutions are generally not sponsored by individual delegations but are submitted on behalf of the Committee by the Chair. The process of negotiating resolutions is outlined below.

; Formal introduction of an agenda item
: Discussion of an agenda item in the Fifth Committee begins with a formal meeting chaired by a member of the Bureau in which a senior UN official—usually from the Department of Management—presents the report of the Secretary-General by providing a brief summary of the report. This is then followed by a presentation of the related report of the ACABQ by either the Chair or Vice-Chair of the ACABQ. Groups and delegations then have an opportunity to make statements for the record on the agenda item. 
: Member States speaking on behalf of groups (e.g. the G77, its constituent regional groups, or CANZ) always speak first, followed by the EU Delegation on behalf of the EU Member States, and then individual delegations in the order they appear on the list of speakers. 
: Formal meetings of all Main Committees are open and webcast on [http://webtv.un.org WebTV]. 

; Q&amp;A
: Following formal introduction of an agenda item, the Committee then meets in informal consultations chaired by the coordinator of the agenda item. The first stage of informal consultations are the Q&amp;A, in which members of the Committee have the opportunity to ask questions of representatives of the Secretariat about the issue at hand. Responses can be requested in writing.
	 
; Skeleton and language submission 
: Once Q&amp;A has been exhausted, the coordinator will circulate what is generally referred to as the “skeleton” or “rev. 0” of the draft resolution, which contains the standard paragraphs required to take a decision on the basis of the ACABQ recommendation (the default course of action). The coordinator will also set a language submission deadline. Delegations have until the deadline to submit additional paragraphs for the draft resolution, after which all of submissions are compiled into the “rev. 1” text. During the first informal consultation following the language submission deadline, each delegation is given an opportunity to present their language submission; this can be as detailed or cursory as the presenting delegate wishes. 	

; First reading 
: Once all language proposals have been submitted and introduced, the Committee undertakes a first reading of the rev. 1 text, going paragraph by paragraph. This is an opportunity for delegations to ask factual or grammatical questions about the language proposals either to the proponent of the language or to the Secretariat. 

; Second reading
: Once the first reading is completed, the Committee then starts again from the top with the second reading. For each paragraph, the coordinator will ask whether the paragraph can be adopted ad referendum. Although it is technically true that all agreements are provisional and that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, it is generally considered a sign of bad faith to re-open a paragraph after it has been adopted ad ref. Any delegations with objections to a paragraph can request that it be “bracketed”, and any delegation can withdraw or amend any paragraph they proposed. At the end of the second reading, delegates generally try to work offline in order to craft amendments or compromise proposals in order to overcome objections. The process then iterates through a third reading (and more, if necessary) until all remaining paragraphs have been agreed. 

; Chair’s text 
: If the Committee is stuck, the coordinator and/or Chair may submit a compromise proposal as an attempt to bridge the gap. 
 
; Adoption
: Once a draft resolution as a whole has been agreed to in informal consultations (i.e. adopted informally), the Chair then formally submits it to the Secretariat on behalf of the Committee. The Secretariat then issues it as an L-document for action by the Committee during a formal session. After the Committee approves the draft resolution, the text is included verbatim in a Report of the Fifth Committee to the General Assembly for adoption by a plenary session of the General Assembly, after which it is assigned a resolution number. 

; No consensus
: If the Committee is unable to reach consensus on an issue, it often defers consideration to a subsequent session. In exceptional circumstances, delegations have tabled draft resolutions as L-documents (or threatened to do so) to force a decision on a deadlocked issue.

== See also ==
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]] (in particular the section on [[Peacekeeping financing#Intergovernmental consideration|intergovernmental consideration]])
* [[Consensus#Fifth Committee|Consensus in the Fifth Committee]]

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Administration of justice</title>
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    <text bytes="12365" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations has a system of administration of justice through which to resolve workplace disputes. This internal justice system is required because the United Nations has [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] that take it such disputes out of the jurisdiction of local courts and authorities. 

== Original system ==

In 1946, the General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/13(I) resolution 13(I)] requested the Secretary-General to draft the statue for an administrative tribunal for the United Nations. The resulting '''United Nations Administrative Tribunal''' was established on 1 January 1950 following the adoption of its statute, in [https://undocs.org/a/res/351(IV) resolution 351(IV)].

In its mature form, the system included a Joint Appeals Board (JAB) to hear appeals against administrative matters and a Joint Disciplinary Committee (JDC) to consider disciplinary matters, both of which consisted of staff members serving as an advisory capacity to the Secretary-General. Rejection of JAB and JDC recommendations generally led to formal submissions of cases to the Administrative Tribunal. The original system was a single-layer system, and therefore decisions of the Administrative Tribunal were not subject to appeal. 

Legal assistance to staff members was provided through the Panel of Counsel, established in 1984, consisting of a small number of staff and a roster of volunteers. 

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/986 A/986] ''Establishment of an administrative tribunal: Report of the Secretary-General'' (21 September 1949)
* [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/2 A/C.5/50/2] ''Reform of the internal system of justice in the United Nations Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General'' (27 September 1995)

== Current system ==

Growing concerns at weaknesses in the system of administration of justice, including concerns about a lack of professionalism and independence, led to the establishment of a Redesign Panel to consider redesigning the system.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/283 resolution 59/283]&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/228 resolution 62/228], established a new system of administration of justice, consisting of formal and informal components, as of 1 January 2009.

It also established an '''Internal Justice Council''' (IJC) consisting of five members: a staff representative; a management representative; two distinguished external jurists, one selected by staff and one by management; and a distinguished jurist chosen by consensus by the other four members as chair. The responsibilities of the IJC include  providing recommendations to the General Assembly on suitable candidates to fill judicial vacancies and providing its views to the General Assembly on the implementation of the system of administration of justice. 

An interim independent assessment was requested in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/203 resolution 69/203]. The Interim Independent Assessment Panel concluded in 2015 that no dramatic corrections are necessary, but that some areas are under-resourced. 

The agenda item of administration of justice is considered by both the [[Fifth Committee]] and the Sixth Committee, within their respective competences.  

=== Formal system ===

The formal component of the system of administration of justice consists of a two-tier system, with the '''United Nations Dispute Tribunal''' (UNDT) as the court of first instance and the '''United Nations Appeals Tribunal''' (UNAT) as an appellate court. The UNDT (which, after the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/276 resolution 73/276], consists of three full-time judges and six half-time judges) works year-round and is based in New York, Geneva and Nairobi, while the UNAT (which consists of seven judges) that convenes on the basis of its caseload. UNAT cases are normally heard by a panel of three judges, but an ''en banc'' hearing can be convened if the President of the UNAT or two judges on the panel consider that a case raises a significant question of law. 

UNDT judges are individuals with the status of [[categories of personnel|Officials other than Secretariat Officials]] and are remunerated at the D-2 level. UNAT judges are individuals with the status of [[categories of personnel|experts on mission]] and are compensated through honoraria paid per case heard or judgment written. 

Administrative decisions being contested by staff are first raised with the '''Management Evaluation Unit''' (MEU) in the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] (DMSPC) to allow for a review of the contested decision. If the MEU upholds the decision, a staff member can file a case with the UNDT. The Secretary-General is represented in the UNDT by the Appeals Management section of the Administrative Law Division in DMSPC. Either party may appeal a UNDT judgment to the UNAT. The Secretary-General is represented in the UNAT by the General Legal Division of the Office of Legal Affairs. 

Judgments of the UNAT are final and cannot be appealed. 

As part of the new system, an Office of Administration of Justice was established, consisting of the professional staff supporting the formal system. The Office is headed by an Executive Director (D-2) and includes the registries of the UNDT and UNAT as well as the '''Office of Staff Legal Assistance''' (OSLA) which replaced the former Panel of Counsel. 

=== Informal system ===

The '''Office of the United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services''' (UNOMS) provides confidential, impartial and independent conflict resolution services to address work-related issues of staff members. It integrates the following formerly separate offices: the United Nations Ombudsman; the Ombudsperson for UNDP, UNFPA, UNOPS and UNICEF; and the UNHCR Mediator. It is headed by a United Nations Ombudsman at the ASG level who serves for a five-year term, renewable once.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/251 resolution 65/251]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/61/205 A/61/205] ''Report of the Redesign Panel on the United Nations system of administration of justice'' (28 July 2006)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/3 ST/SGB/2010/3] ''Organization and terms of reference of the Office  of Administration of Justice''
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7] ''Terms of reference for the Office of the United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services''

== ILO Administrative Tribunal ==

The '''Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization''' (ILOAT), originally the Administrative Tribunal of the League of Nations, serves as the administrative tribunal for many of the specialized agencies and related organizations of the [[United Nations system]], as well as a number of non-United Nations organizations. 

=== Applicability of jurisprudence ===

Of the 38 organizations of the [[common system|United Nations common system]], 13 accept the jurisdiction of the ILOAT and 15 organizations accept the jurisdiction of the UNAT. 

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ILOAT
! UNAT
|-
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) &lt;br /&gt;International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) &lt;br /&gt;International Labour Organization (ILO) &lt;br /&gt;International Telecommunication Union (ITU) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) &lt;br /&gt;Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) &lt;br /&gt;Universal Postal Union (UPU) &lt;br /&gt;World Food Programme (WFP) &lt;br /&gt;World Health Organization (WHO) &lt;br /&gt;World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) &lt;br /&gt;World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
| United Nations Secretariat (UN) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) &lt;br /&gt;International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) &lt;br /&gt; International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) &lt;br /&gt;International Maritime Organization (IMO) &lt;br /&gt;International Seabed Authority (ISA) &lt;br /&gt;International Trade Centre (ITC) &lt;br /&gt;International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) &lt;br /&gt;World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
|}

=== Harmonization with ILOAT ===

'''1970s and 1980s'''
: In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/33/119 resolution 33/119], the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to study the feasibility of establishing a single administrative tribunal for the entire [[common system]]. A number of reports and proposals were developed in subsequent years, with no concrete action taken by the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/42/328 A/42/328] ''Feasibility of establishing a single administrative tribunal: Report of the Secretary-General'' (15 June 1987)&lt;/ref&gt; In 1988, the Secretary-General submitted proposals for the harmonization of the statutes, rules and procedures of the ILOAT and UNAT&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/43/704 A/43/704] ''Harmonization of the statutes, rules and practices of the administrative tribunals of the ILO and of the United Nations'' (13 October 1988)&lt;/ref&gt;, but these were not acted upon.

'''2000s'''

The General Assembly, in section XI of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/258 resolution 55/258]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;7. ''Takes note'' of the observations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions that there is a gap between the statutes of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal and the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization with respect to specific performance of an obligation and compensation limits, and requests the Secretary-General to take necessary measures to close the gap as appropriate between the statutes of the two Tribunals;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Proposals to this end were presented in the subsequent report of the Secretary-General on administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/56/800 A/56/800]). In response, the Assembly requested, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/307 resolution 57/307], that the JIU continue to study the possibility of harmonizing the statutes of the ILOAT and the UNAT. The recommendations of the JIU were issued in [https://undocs.org/a/59/280 A/59/280]. 

'''2019-present'''

On 3 July 2019, the ILOAT ruled that a decision of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] regarding the Geneva post adjustment multiplier was incorrect, therefore raising the possibility that different post adjustment rates would be in effect for different organizations of the common system based on which tribunal under whose jurisdiction they fall.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/30 A/74/30] ''Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2019''&lt;/ref&gt;

The General Assembly stated in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/255A-B 74/255B]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;8. ''Notes with concern'' that the organizations of the United Nations commonsystem face the challenge of having two independent administrative tribunals with concurrent  jurisdiction  among  the  organizations  of  the  common  system,  as highlighted in the report of the Commission, and requests the Secretary-General, in his  capacity  as Chair  of  the  United  Nations  System  Chief  Executives  Board  for Coordination, to conduct a review of the jurisdictional setup of the common system and submit the findings of the review and recommendations to the General Assembly as soon as practicable;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== See also ==
* [https://www.un.org/en/internaljustice/index.shtml United Nations Internal Justice System] (website)  
** [https://www.un.org/en/internaljustice/undt/undt-statute.shtml Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal]
** [https://www.un.org/en/internaljustice/unat/unat-statute.shtml Statute of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal]
* [https://www.ilo.org/tribunal/lang--en/index.htm ILO Administrative Tribunal] (website) 

== References ==

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12385" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations has a system of administration of justice through which to resolve workplace disputes. This internal justice system is required because the United Nations has [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] that take it such disputes out of the jurisdiction of local courts and authorities. 

== Original system ==

In 1946, the General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/13(I) resolution 13(I)] requested the Secretary-General to draft the statue for an administrative tribunal for the United Nations. The resulting '''United Nations Administrative Tribunal''' was established on 1 January 1950 following the adoption of its statute, in [https://undocs.org/a/res/351(IV) resolution 351(IV)].

In its mature form, the system included a Joint Appeals Board (JAB) to hear appeals against administrative matters and a Joint Disciplinary Committee (JDC) to consider disciplinary matters, both of which consisted of staff members serving as an advisory capacity to the Secretary-General. Rejection of JAB and JDC recommendations generally led to formal submissions of cases to the Administrative Tribunal. The original system was a single-layer system, and therefore decisions of the Administrative Tribunal were not subject to appeal. 

Legal assistance to staff members was provided through the Panel of Counsel, established in 1984, consisting of a small number of staff and a roster of volunteers. 

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/986 A/986] ''Establishment of an administrative tribunal: Report of the Secretary-General'' (21 September 1949)
* [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/2 A/C.5/50/2] ''Reform of the internal system of justice in the United Nations Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General'' (27 September 1995)

== Current system ==

Growing concerns at weaknesses in the system of administration of justice, including concerns about a lack of professionalism and independence, led to the establishment of a Redesign Panel to consider redesigning the system.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/283 resolution 59/283]&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/228 resolution 62/228], established a new system of administration of justice, consisting of formal and informal components, as of 1 January 2009.

It also established an '''Internal Justice Council''' (IJC) consisting of five members: a staff representative; a management representative; two distinguished external jurists, one selected by staff and one by management; and a distinguished jurist chosen by consensus by the other four members as chair. The responsibilities of the IJC include  providing recommendations to the General Assembly on suitable candidates to fill judicial vacancies and providing its views to the General Assembly on the implementation of the system of administration of justice. 

An interim independent assessment was requested in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/203 resolution 69/203]. The Interim Independent Assessment Panel concluded in 2015 that no dramatic corrections are necessary, but that some areas are under-resourced. 

The agenda item of administration of justice is considered by both the [[Fifth Committee]] and the Sixth Committee, within their respective competences.  

=== Formal system ===

The formal component of the system of administration of justice consists of a two-tier system, with the '''United Nations Dispute Tribunal''' (UNDT) as the court of first instance and the '''United Nations Appeals Tribunal''' (UNAT) as an appellate court. The UNDT (which, after the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/276 resolution 73/276], consists of three full-time judges and six half-time judges) works year-round and is based in New York, Geneva and Nairobi, while the UNAT (which consists of seven judges) that convenes on the basis of its caseload. UNAT cases are normally heard by a panel of three judges, but an ''en banc'' hearing can be convened if the President of the UNAT or two judges on the panel consider that a case raises a significant question of law. 

UNDT judges are individuals with the status of [[categories of personnel|Officials other than Secretariat Officials]] and are remunerated at the D-2 level. UNAT judges are individuals with the status of [[categories of personnel|experts on mission]] and are compensated through honoraria paid per case heard or judgment written. 

Administrative decisions being contested by staff are first raised with the '''Management Evaluation Unit''' (MEU) in the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] (DMSPC) to allow for a review of the contested decision. If the MEU upholds the decision, a staff member can file a case with the UNDT. The Secretary-General is represented in the UNDT by the Appeals Management section of the Administrative Law Division in DMSPC. Either party may appeal a UNDT judgment to the UNAT. The Secretary-General is represented in the UNAT by the General Legal Division of the Office of Legal Affairs. 

Judgments of the UNAT are final and cannot be appealed. 

As part of the new system, an Office of Administration of Justice was established, consisting of the professional staff supporting the formal system. The Office is headed by an Executive Director (D-2) and includes the registries of the UNDT and UNAT as well as the '''Office of Staff Legal Assistance''' (OSLA) which replaced the former Panel of Counsel. 

=== Informal system ===

The '''Office of the United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services''' (UNOMS) provides confidential, impartial and independent conflict resolution services to address work-related issues of staff members. It integrates the following formerly separate offices: the United Nations Ombudsman; the Ombudsperson for UNDP, UNFPA, UNOPS and UNICEF; and the UNHCR Mediator. It is headed by a United Nations Ombudsman at the ASG level who serves for a five-year term, renewable once.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/251 resolution 65/251]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/61/205 A/61/205] ''Report of the Redesign Panel on the United Nations system of administration of justice'' (28 July 2006)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/3 ST/SGB/2010/3] ''Organization and terms of reference of the Office  of Administration of Justice''
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7] ''Terms of reference for the Office of the United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services''

== ILO Administrative Tribunal ==

The '''Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization''' (ILOAT), originally the Administrative Tribunal of the League of Nations, serves as the administrative tribunal for many of the specialized agencies and related organizations of the [[United Nations system]], as well as a number of non-United Nations organizations. 

=== Applicability of jurisprudence ===

Of the 38 organizations of the [[common system|United Nations common system]], 13 accept the jurisdiction of the ILOAT and 15 organizations accept the jurisdiction of the UNAT. 

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ILOAT
! UNAT
|-
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) &lt;br /&gt;International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) &lt;br /&gt;International Labour Organization (ILO) &lt;br /&gt;International Telecommunication Union (ITU) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) &lt;br /&gt;Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) &lt;br /&gt;Universal Postal Union (UPU) &lt;br /&gt;World Food Programme (WFP) &lt;br /&gt;World Health Organization (WHO) &lt;br /&gt;World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) &lt;br /&gt;World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
| United Nations Secretariat (UN) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) &lt;br /&gt;International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) &lt;br /&gt; International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) &lt;br /&gt;International Maritime Organization (IMO) &lt;br /&gt;International Seabed Authority (ISA) &lt;br /&gt;International Trade Centre (ITC) &lt;br /&gt;International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) &lt;br /&gt;World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
|}

=== Harmonization with ILOAT ===

'''1970s and 1980s'''
: In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/33/119 resolution 33/119], the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to study the feasibility of establishing a single administrative tribunal for the entire [[common system]]. A number of reports and proposals were developed in subsequent years, with no concrete action taken by the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/42/328 A/42/328] ''Feasibility of establishing a single administrative tribunal: Report of the Secretary-General'' (15 June 1987)&lt;/ref&gt; In 1988, the Secretary-General submitted proposals for the harmonization of the statutes, rules and procedures of the ILOAT and UNAT&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/43/704 A/43/704] ''Harmonization of the statutes, rules and practices of the administrative tribunals of the ILO and of the United Nations'' (13 October 1988)&lt;/ref&gt;, but these were not acted upon.

'''2000s'''

The General Assembly, in section XI of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/258 resolution 55/258]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;7. ''Takes note'' of the observations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions that there is a gap between the statutes of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal and the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization with respect to specific performance of an obligation and compensation limits, and requests the Secretary-General to take necessary measures to close the gap as appropriate between the statutes of the two Tribunals;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Proposals to this end were presented in the subsequent report of the Secretary-General on administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/56/800 A/56/800]). In response, the Assembly requested, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/307 resolution 57/307], that the JIU continue to study the possibility of harmonizing the statutes of the ILOAT and the UNAT. The recommendations of the JIU were issued in [https://undocs.org/a/59/280 A/59/280]. 

'''2019-present'''

On 3 July 2019, the ILOAT ruled that a decision of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] regarding the Geneva post adjustment multiplier was incorrect, therefore raising the possibility that different post adjustment rates would be in effect for different organizations of the common system based on which tribunal under whose jurisdiction they fall.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/30 A/74/30] ''Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2019''&lt;/ref&gt;

The General Assembly stated in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/255A-B 74/255B]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;8. ''Notes with concern'' that the organizations of the United Nations commonsystem face the challenge of having two independent administrative tribunals with concurrent  jurisdiction  among  the  organizations  of  the  common  system,  as highlighted in the report of the Commission, and requests the Secretary-General, in his  capacity  as Chair  of  the  United  Nations  System  Chief  Executives  Board  for Coordination, to conduct a review of the jurisdictional setup of the common system and submit the findings of the review and recommendations to the General Assembly as soon as practicable;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== See also ==
* [https://www.un.org/en/internaljustice/index.shtml United Nations Internal Justice System] (website)  
** [https://www.un.org/en/internaljustice/undt/undt-statute.shtml Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal]
** [https://www.un.org/en/internaljustice/unat/unat-statute.shtml Statute of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal]
* [https://www.ilo.org/tribunal/lang--en/index.htm ILO Administrative Tribunal] (website) 

== References ==

[[Category:Personnel]] [[Category: Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12391" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations has a system of '''administration of justice''' through which to resolve workplace disputes. This internal justice system is required because the United Nations has [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] that take it such disputes out of the jurisdiction of local courts and authorities. 

== Original system ==

In 1946, the General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/13(I) resolution 13(I)] requested the Secretary-General to draft the statue for an administrative tribunal for the United Nations. The resulting '''United Nations Administrative Tribunal''' was established on 1 January 1950 following the adoption of its statute, in [https://undocs.org/a/res/351(IV) resolution 351(IV)].

In its mature form, the system included a Joint Appeals Board (JAB) to hear appeals against administrative matters and a Joint Disciplinary Committee (JDC) to consider disciplinary matters, both of which consisted of staff members serving as an advisory capacity to the Secretary-General. Rejection of JAB and JDC recommendations generally led to formal submissions of cases to the Administrative Tribunal. The original system was a single-layer system, and therefore decisions of the Administrative Tribunal were not subject to appeal. 

Legal assistance to staff members was provided through the Panel of Counsel, established in 1984, consisting of a small number of staff and a roster of volunteers. 

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/986 A/986] ''Establishment of an administrative tribunal: Report of the Secretary-General'' (21 September 1949)
* [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/2 A/C.5/50/2] ''Reform of the internal system of justice in the United Nations Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General'' (27 September 1995)

== Current system ==

Growing concerns at weaknesses in the system of administration of justice, including concerns about a lack of professionalism and independence, led to the establishment of a Redesign Panel to consider redesigning the system.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/283 resolution 59/283]&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/228 resolution 62/228], established a new system of administration of justice, consisting of formal and informal components, as of 1 January 2009.

It also established an '''Internal Justice Council''' (IJC) consisting of five members: a staff representative; a management representative; two distinguished external jurists, one selected by staff and one by management; and a distinguished jurist chosen by consensus by the other four members as chair. The responsibilities of the IJC include  providing recommendations to the General Assembly on suitable candidates to fill judicial vacancies and providing its views to the General Assembly on the implementation of the system of administration of justice. 

An interim independent assessment was requested in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/203 resolution 69/203]. The Interim Independent Assessment Panel concluded in 2015 that no dramatic corrections are necessary, but that some areas are under-resourced. 

The agenda item of administration of justice is considered by both the [[Fifth Committee]] and the Sixth Committee, within their respective competences.  

=== Formal system ===

The formal component of the system of administration of justice consists of a two-tier system, with the '''United Nations Dispute Tribunal''' (UNDT) as the court of first instance and the '''United Nations Appeals Tribunal''' (UNAT) as an appellate court. The UNDT (which, after the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/276 resolution 73/276], consists of three full-time judges and six half-time judges) works year-round and is based in New York, Geneva and Nairobi, while the UNAT (which consists of seven judges) that convenes on the basis of its caseload. UNAT cases are normally heard by a panel of three judges, but an ''en banc'' hearing can be convened if the President of the UNAT or two judges on the panel consider that a case raises a significant question of law. 

UNDT judges are individuals with the status of [[categories of personnel|Officials other than Secretariat Officials]] and are remunerated at the D-2 level. UNAT judges are individuals with the status of [[categories of personnel|experts on mission]] and are compensated through honoraria paid per case heard or judgment written. 

Administrative decisions being contested by staff are first raised with the '''Management Evaluation Unit''' (MEU) in the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] (DMSPC) to allow for a review of the contested decision. If the MEU upholds the decision, a staff member can file a case with the UNDT. The Secretary-General is represented in the UNDT by the Appeals Management section of the Administrative Law Division in DMSPC. Either party may appeal a UNDT judgment to the UNAT. The Secretary-General is represented in the UNAT by the General Legal Division of the Office of Legal Affairs. 

Judgments of the UNAT are final and cannot be appealed. 

As part of the new system, an Office of Administration of Justice was established, consisting of the professional staff supporting the formal system. The Office is headed by an Executive Director (D-2) and includes the registries of the UNDT and UNAT as well as the '''Office of Staff Legal Assistance''' (OSLA) which replaced the former Panel of Counsel. 

=== Informal system ===

The '''Office of the United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services''' (UNOMS) provides confidential, impartial and independent conflict resolution services to address work-related issues of staff members. It integrates the following formerly separate offices: the United Nations Ombudsman; the Ombudsperson for UNDP, UNFPA, UNOPS and UNICEF; and the UNHCR Mediator. It is headed by a United Nations Ombudsman at the ASG level who serves for a five-year term, renewable once.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/251 resolution 65/251]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/61/205 A/61/205] ''Report of the Redesign Panel on the United Nations system of administration of justice'' (28 July 2006)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/3 ST/SGB/2010/3] ''Organization and terms of reference of the Office  of Administration of Justice''
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7] ''Terms of reference for the Office of the United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services''

== ILO Administrative Tribunal ==

The '''Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization''' (ILOAT), originally the Administrative Tribunal of the League of Nations, serves as the administrative tribunal for many of the specialized agencies and related organizations of the [[United Nations system]], as well as a number of non-United Nations organizations. 

=== Applicability of jurisprudence ===

Of the 38 organizations of the [[common system|United Nations common system]], 13 accept the jurisdiction of the ILOAT and 15 organizations accept the jurisdiction of the UNAT. 

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ILOAT
! UNAT
|-
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) &lt;br /&gt;International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) &lt;br /&gt;International Labour Organization (ILO) &lt;br /&gt;International Telecommunication Union (ITU) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) &lt;br /&gt;Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) &lt;br /&gt;Universal Postal Union (UPU) &lt;br /&gt;World Food Programme (WFP) &lt;br /&gt;World Health Organization (WHO) &lt;br /&gt;World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) &lt;br /&gt;World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
| United Nations Secretariat (UN) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) &lt;br /&gt;United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) &lt;br /&gt;International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) &lt;br /&gt; International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) &lt;br /&gt;International Maritime Organization (IMO) &lt;br /&gt;International Seabed Authority (ISA) &lt;br /&gt;International Trade Centre (ITC) &lt;br /&gt;International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) &lt;br /&gt;World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
|}

=== Harmonization with ILOAT ===

'''1970s and 1980s'''
: In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/33/119 resolution 33/119], the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to study the feasibility of establishing a single administrative tribunal for the entire [[common system]]. A number of reports and proposals were developed in subsequent years, with no concrete action taken by the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/42/328 A/42/328] ''Feasibility of establishing a single administrative tribunal: Report of the Secretary-General'' (15 June 1987)&lt;/ref&gt; In 1988, the Secretary-General submitted proposals for the harmonization of the statutes, rules and procedures of the ILOAT and UNAT&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/43/704 A/43/704] ''Harmonization of the statutes, rules and practices of the administrative tribunals of the ILO and of the United Nations'' (13 October 1988)&lt;/ref&gt;, but these were not acted upon.

'''2000s'''

The General Assembly, in section XI of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/258 resolution 55/258]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;7. ''Takes note'' of the observations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions that there is a gap between the statutes of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal and the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization with respect to specific performance of an obligation and compensation limits, and requests the Secretary-General to take necessary measures to close the gap as appropriate between the statutes of the two Tribunals;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Proposals to this end were presented in the subsequent report of the Secretary-General on administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/56/800 A/56/800]). In response, the Assembly requested, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/307 resolution 57/307], that the JIU continue to study the possibility of harmonizing the statutes of the ILOAT and the UNAT. The recommendations of the JIU were issued in [https://undocs.org/a/59/280 A/59/280]. 

'''2019-present'''

On 3 July 2019, the ILOAT ruled that a decision of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] regarding the Geneva post adjustment multiplier was incorrect, therefore raising the possibility that different post adjustment rates would be in effect for different organizations of the common system based on which tribunal under whose jurisdiction they fall.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/30 A/74/30] ''Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2019''&lt;/ref&gt;

The General Assembly stated in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/255A-B 74/255B]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;8. ''Notes with concern'' that the organizations of the United Nations commonsystem face the challenge of having two independent administrative tribunals with concurrent  jurisdiction  among  the  organizations  of  the  common  system,  as highlighted in the report of the Commission, and requests the Secretary-General, in his  capacity  as Chair  of  the  United  Nations  System  Chief  Executives  Board  for Coordination, to conduct a review of the jurisdictional setup of the common system and submit the findings of the review and recommendations to the General Assembly as soon as practicable;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== See also ==
* [https://www.un.org/en/internaljustice/index.shtml United Nations Internal Justice System] (website)  
** [https://www.un.org/en/internaljustice/undt/undt-statute.shtml Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal]
** [https://www.un.org/en/internaljustice/unat/unat-statute.shtml Statute of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal]
* [https://www.ilo.org/tribunal/lang--en/index.htm ILO Administrative Tribunal] (website) 

== References ==

[[Category:Personnel]] [[Category: Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
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    <text bytes="15686" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11059" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Operational Support''' (DOS) is the department within the management architecture of the Secretariat that serves as the key enabler to heads of entities across the Secretariat in the exercise of their delegated authority through the provision of advice and guidance, delivery of global support functions, delivery on operational training requirements and provision of support to special situations such as start-up and crisis response.

== History ==

DOS was established on 1 January 2019 following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B] of 5 July 2018. Creation of DOS was part of the 2018 [[management reform]] proposed by the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Add.2] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. Resolution 72/266B also approved the presentation of the requirements for DOS in the new section 29B of the [[regular budget]].

== Structure ==
DOS is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and consists of two offices headed by Assistant Secretaries-General and a number of stand-alone divisions. A third office—the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]—reports to both the USG for DOS and the USG for the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] (DMSPC).

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 167-171&lt;/ref&gt; === 
* '''Performance and Analytics Section'''
* '''Audit Response and Boards of Inquiry Section'''
* '''Environment Section'''
*: Responsible for supporting the sustainability management framework in peace operations and coordinating the implementation of the action plan for integrating sustainable development practice into Secretariat-wide operations and facilities management, as endorsed by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/219 resolution 72/219].

=== Office of Support Operations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 172-186&lt;/ref&gt; === 
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
* '''Capacity Development and Operational Training Service'''
*: Supports entities in building and improving capacities required to exercise delegated authorities in an accountable manner, including by developing business processes and systems for implementing administrative policies across the Secretariat. Includes training and knowledge-management posts co-located with the Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training in the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. 
==== Human Resources Service Division ====
* '''Staffing Service'''
*: Responsible for staffing-related support such as process design for staffing, testing and examinations; operational workforce planning and organizational design; roster management across all job families; administration of the Young Professionals Programme; and facilitating recruitment for entities without the associated delegated authorities. 
* '''Operational Support and Advisory Service'''
*: Provides advice on the implementation of the Staff Regulations and Rules and human resources management policies. 
==== Healthcare Management and Occupational Safety and Health Division ====
: Consolidates medical and occupational health capacities previously located in separate departments (the Medical Services Division in [[Department of Management|DM]]/OHRM, the HIV/AIDS unit in DPKO-DFS/DPET and the Field Occupational Safety Risk Management function in DPKO-DFS/OCoS). The work of the Division relates primarily to (1) provision of occupational safety and health services to United Nations staff and (2) health systems administration, including clinical standards, health workforce management and review of [[death and disability compensation|compensation claims from uniformed personnel]]. 

=== Office of Supply Chain Management&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 187-226&lt;/ref&gt; === 
: Brings together the procurement and logistics capacities that previously resided in separate departments into an integrated end-to-end supply chain organized on the basis of the supply chain operational reference model. While entities across the Secretariat have greater procurement authority in the new delegation of authority framework, the Office will centrally manage requirements for high-value and strategic, complex commodities such as aviation, information and communications technology, rations, fuel, engineering and pharmaceuticals. 
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
* '''Aviation Safety Team'''
* '''Enabling Section'''
*: Manages performance management framework, performs vendor registration and outreach and develops operational guidance and best practices on supply chain management.
==== Logistics Division ====
* '''Supply Chain Planning Service'''
:* Handles demand forecasting, source planning and delivery. 
* '''Sourcing Support Service'''
*: Organized by major category of requirement (medical, engineering, rations, fuel, ground transportation, general supplies and security).
* '''Movement Control Section'''
*: Provides strategic lift of military and police personnel, [[contingent-owned equipment]] and United Nations-owned equipment. Also manages freight forwarding contracts. 
* '''Air Transport Service'''
==== Procurement Division ====
: Performs core procurement functions such as solicitation exercises, commercial evaluations, recommendations on qualified offers and contract administration. PD is organized on the basis of the same category management approach as the Logistics Division (as per the previous structure, which was arranged based on the type of client entity, e.g. Headquarters vs. field) but is kept separate from the Sourcing Support Service in the Logistics Division to maintain a segregation of duties. 
* '''Aviation, Major Commodities and Regional Service'''
* '''Real Estate, Information Technology and Corporate Service'''
==== Uniformed Capabilities Support Division ====
: Consolidates capacities previously split across two departments (Reimbursement Policy and Liaison Section and MOU and Claims Management Section in DFS/FBFD, COE Unit in DFS/LSD and personnel reimbursement functions in DM/OPPBA) to facilitate more responsive support to troop- and police-contributing countries and faster processing of claims. Single point of contact on all administrative and logistical issues related to [[force generation]], [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]], [[contingent-owned equipment]] and [[personnel reimbursement]]. 

=== Division for Special Activities&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 227-239&lt;/ref&gt; === 
* '''Resource Planning and Analysis Section'''
* '''Operational Planning Service'''
:* Support planning for new or changing mandates, provide assistance and advice on support-related planning and maintains planning guidelines and SOPs.
* '''Client Support and Special Situations Service'''
:* Provides advisory and support services during start-up, transition, downsizing and liquidation. 
* '''Support Partnerships Service'''
:* Coordinates support arrangements both when the United Nations provides support to a non-Secretariat entity (including [[Support to African peace support operations]]) and when the United Nations is the recipient of bilateral assistance. Provides Headquarters backstopping support to the [[United Nations Support Office in Somalia]].
* '''Support officers'''
*: Six support officers in the Division for Special Activities are available to the Under-Secretary-General for [[Department of Peace Operations|Peace Operations]] to provide expertise on support matters to the teams backstopping peace operations at Headquarters. 

=== Division of Administration, New York&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 240-247&lt;/ref&gt; === 
: Handles Headquarters campus support, in a similar manner to the divisions of administration in Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi. The Headquarters information and communications technology support functions originally proposed to be located in the Division of Administration were instead consolidated into the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]] by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B].
* '''Headquarters Client Support Section'''
*: Executive Office of DOS and OICT. Also provides administrative support to offices at Headquarters without their own dedicated executive office or administrative unit. 
* '''Facilities and Commercial Activities Service'''
:* Keeps the lights on in the Secretariat Building. Also includes the United Nations Postal Administration and the Archives and Records Management Section. 

=== Global Shared Services&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 275-277&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: Pending General Assembly approval of shared service centres under the [[Global Service Delivery Model]].

== Coordination mechanisms ==

=== Executive Senior Management Committee ===
Integration and unity of effort between DMSPC and DOS is facilitated through the Executive Senior Management Committee, co-chaired by the heads of the two departments. This forum brings together the senior management of the two departments to allow for regular identification and addressing of cross-departmental priorities and strategic issues, including those related to the efficient and effective delivery of services to client entities across the Secretariat.&lt;ref&gt;Annex II of [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Management Client Board ===
The [[Management Client Board]], which is chaired by the heads of DMSPC and DOS, is a standing mechanism by which the different types of entities within the Secretariat can systematically provide their requirements and feedback on service delivery and policy development. 

== See also ==
* [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]
* [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]]
* [[Management Client Board]]

=== Relevant documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366] Comparative assessment of human resources structures
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support

'''Budgets'''
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/793 A/73/793] Budget for the [[support account]] for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.29B) A/74/6 (Sect. 29B)] Proposed [[programme budget]] for 2020: Subsection 29B: Department of Operational Support
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/743 A/74/743] Budget for the [[support account]] for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance</title>
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    <text bytes="10768" xml:space="preserve">The '''Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance''' (DMSPC) is the department within the [[management reform|management architecture]] of the Secretariat that provides policy leadership in all management areas through an integrated management strategy and policy framework, including the monitoring of compliance with the framework in the exercise of delegated authority by heads of Secretariat entities. 

The strategy, policy and compliance functions of DMSPC contrast with those of the [[Department of Operational Support]], which is focused on execution and supporting other Secretariat entities in the exercise of [[regulations and rules|delegated authority]].

== History ==

DMSPC was established on 1 January 2019 following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B resolution 72/266B] of 5 July 2018. Creation of DMSPC was part of the 2018 [[management reform]] proposed by the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 Add.2] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. Resolution 72/266B also approved the presentation of the requirements for DMSPC in the new section 29A of the [[regular budget]].

== Structure ==
DMSPC is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and consists of two offices headed by Assistant Secretaries-General and one stand-alone division. A third office—the [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]—reports to both the USG for DMSPC and the USG for the [[Department of Operational Support]] (DOS). 

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 67-77&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Inter-agency and Intergovernmental Service'''
*: Supports the engagement of the Under-Secretary-General with inter-agency forums, intergovernmental bodies and Member States.
* '''Secretariat of the [[Fifth Committee]] and [[regular budget|Committee for Programme and Coordination]]'''
* '''[[Administration of justice|Management Evaluation Unit]]'''
*: The MEU is responsible for management evaluation, which is the first step in the formal system of administration of justice. Management evaluation is an opportunity to review a contested administrative decision and reduce the number of cases that proceed to formal litigation.  
* '''Secretariat of the Headquarters Committee on Contracts and the Property Survey Board'''
*: The General Assembly, in paragraph 21 of resolution 72/266B, rejected both the proposed renaming of the HCC to the Advisory Committee on Procurement and its proposed placement in the Business Transformation and Accountability Division.
* '''Business Partner Service'''
*: Provides (1) executive office services for DMSPC; (2) administrative support to the Secretariats of the ACABQ, Board of Auditors and Independent Audit Advisory Committee; (3) administrative support to members of the Committee for Programme and Coordination, Independent Audit Advisory Committee and [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]]; and (4) representatives from the Least-Developed Countries. 
* '''Umoja Project Team'''

=== Office of Programme Planning, Finance and Budget&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 78-95&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: OPPFB is headed by the Assistant Secretary-General, Controller; as such, it is commonly referred to as the Controller's Office. Although the Office was proposed to be called the Office of Finance and Budget, the General Assembly decided on its present name in paragraph 18 of resolution 72/266B.

==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
==== Finance Division ====
: Responsible for financial policy and financial controls and serves as secretariat to the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]].
* '''Financial Policy and Internal Controls Service'''
*: Ensures proper application of the policies and procedures related to financial reporting, contributions, financial risk management, financial and procurement policy and internal controls for all sources of funding.
* '''Financial Reporting and Contributions Service'''
*: Prepares IPSAS-compliant financial statements.
* '''Financial Risk Management Service'''
*: Coordinates and manages health and life insurance programme and property and liability insurance activities. Also manages financial risk through treasury investments, optimized cash management and insurance management. 

==== Field Operations Finance Division ====
: FOFD provides support to both [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] and [[special political missions]] on budgeting and financial stewardship, and will be responsible for presentation of budget and performance reports prepared by missions. 
* '''Cross-cutting Global and Regional Financing Service'''
*: Supports preparation of the budgets and performance reports for the support account, United Nations Logistics Base and Regional Service Centre. 
* '''Field Budget and Fast-Track Service'''
*: Supports preparation of the budgets and performance reports for peacekeeping and special political mission budgets as well as fast-track and supplementary financing (see [[commitment authority]]). 
* '''Global Asset Management Policy Service'''
*: Provides advice and guidance on property management and real estate services, including oversight of major construction projects and long-term capital planning.

==== Programme Planning and Budget Division ====
: PPBD supports the preparation and presentation of the budget and performance reports for the [[programme budget|programme (regular) budget]] and manages [[extrabudgetary resources]], including financial reporting for trust funds. Its work is divided across three services based on the type of activity funded. 
* '''Political, Humanitarian Affairs, Legal and International Tribunals Service'''
* '''Development Pillar and Human Rights Service'''
* '''Conferences, Security, Construction and Common Support Service'''

=== Office of Human Resources&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 96-137&lt;/ref&gt; ===
==== Office of the Assistant Secretary-General ====
: The Assistant Secretary-General for Human Resources represents the Secretary-General on matters related to human resources management when dealing with stakeholders external to the Secretariat, including Member States, UN system organizations, intergovernmental bodies and interagency forums. The ASG also represents the Secretary-General in the conduct of staff-management consultations.
==== Global Strategy and Policy Division ====
* '''Strategy and Policy Development Service'''
*: Develops human resources policies, including on travel and duty of care. 
* '''Strategic Talent Management Service'''
*: Develops organizational strategies to build and support a competent, diverse and engaged workforce through strategic workforce planning, outreach, organizational learning, performance management and staff development. 

==== Administrative Law Division ====
* '''Appeals Management Section'''
*: Represents the Secretary-General before the [[administration of justice|United Nations Dispute Tribunal]] on appeals against administrative decisions.
* '''Conduct and Discipline Service'''
*: Develops and carries out programmes related to the application of the standards of conduct, including the response to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] and sexual and workplace harassment and fraud.
* '''Critical Incident Response Service'''
*: Develops procedures and capacities to provide a flexible, rapid, comprehensive and coordinated response to critical incidents related to the implementation of standards of conduct. Supports the implementation of Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2272(2016) resolution 2272 (2016)] and General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/278 resolution 71/278] related to the repatriation of military or police units when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and abuse.

=== Business Transformation and Accountability Division&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2], paragraphs 138-165&lt;/ref&gt; ===
* '''Accountability Systems Service'''
*: Responsible for mainstreaming results-based management and enterprise risk management.
* '''Monitoring and Evaluation Service'''
*: Manages [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]], monitoring and reporting on organizational performance and developing self-evaluation tools for use across the Secretariat. 
* '''Analytics and Project Management Service'''
*: Analyses data from Umoja and other enterprise systems and produces dashboards for use by senior management, departments and legislative bodies.
* '''Secretariat of the Vendor Review Committee'''

== Coordination mechanisms ==

=== Executive Senior Management Committee ===
Integration and unity of effort between DMSPC and DOS is facilitated through the Executive Senior Management Committee, co-chaired by the heads of the two departments. This forum brings together the senior management of the two departments to allow for regular identification and addressing of cross-departmental priorities and strategic issues, including those related to the efficient and effective delivery of services to client entities across the Secretariat.&lt;ref&gt;Annex II of [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Management Client Board ===
The [[Management Client Board]], which is chaired by the heads of DMSPC and DOS, is a standing mechanism by which the different types of entities within the Secretariat can systematically provide their requirements and feedback on service delivery and policy development. 

== See also ==
* [[Office of Information and Communications Technology]]
* [[Department of Operational Support]]
* [[Management Client Board]]

=== Relevant documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability
* [https://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366] Comparative assessment of human resources structures
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support

'''Budgets'''
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/793 A/73/793] Budget for the [[support account]] for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.29A) A/74/6 (Sect. 29A)] Proposed [[programme budget]] for 2020: Subsection 29A: Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/743 A/74/743] Budget for the [[support account]] for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200327131037|555">
  <title>Consensus</title>
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    <text bytes="7267" xml:space="preserve">Many United Nations bodies take decisions by '''consensus''', i.e. without a vote. As noted in a 2005 legal opinion, "consensus is considered as the absence of objection rather than a particular majority"&lt;ref&gt;Note to the President of the General Assembly regarding voting procedures on a resolution related to the equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council, 14 July 2005. United Nations Juridical Yearbook 2005, page 457&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Fifth Committee ==
In the mid-1980s, United States legislation generally referred to as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment required the reduction of the United States contribution to the regular budget to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process.&lt;ref&gt;[http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/99/93.pdf Public Law No. 99-93, Section 143] Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987, August 16, 1985.&lt;/ref&gt; In response, The General Assembly adopted resolution 40/237 of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49 A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213] of 19 December 1986, which introduced the current "broadest possible agreement" standard (which, in practice, generally results in consensus-based decision-making) in the [[Fifth Committee]] through the following operative paragraph:

&lt;blockquote&gt;7. ''Considers it desirable'' that the Fifth Committee, before submitting its recommendations on the outline of the [[programme budget]] to the General Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Charter and the rules of procedure of the Assembly, should continue to make all possible efforts with a view to establishing the broadest possible agreement;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although this decision only originally covered negotiations over the budget outline, it was soon expanded to become the standard practice of the Fifth Committee on decisions other than elections, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] of 23 December 1994:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Reaffirming'' the role of the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly with regard to budgetary and financial matters and the importance of making every effort to establish the broadest possible agreement in accordance with the practice established in the Fifth Committee and in conformity with Assembly resolution 41/213 of 19 December 1986,&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Routine votes ===
Despite the general practice of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee, the actual decision-making standard set by resolution 41/213 is "the broadest possible agreement" and therefore voting is possible but uncommon. There are, however, a number of annual resolutions for which voting has become routine, namely:
* '''Financing of UNDOF'''
: Since 2018, Syria has proposed an oral amendment related to civilian posts approved in the mission staffing table. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].
* '''Financing of UNIFIL'''
: Annual G77 draft resolution with paragraphs stressing “that Israel shall pay the amount of  1,117,005  dollars  resulting  from  the  incident at Qana on 18 April 1996” and recalling previous resolutions on this matter, to which Israel proposes an amendment deleting the relevant paragraphs, on which a vote is requested by the Chair of the G77. Prior to the 73rd session, a vote would also be called on the draft resolution as a whole.
* '''Estimates in respect of special political missions'''
: Annual oral amendment proposed from the floor by Cuba and supported by delegations such as Iran, Nicaragua and Syria, proposing deletion of references to the concept of responsibility to protect and the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Responsibility to protect. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].

=== Exceptions ===
There have been a number of contentious issues for which no consensus could be reached, including:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Agenda item !! Issue
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/268B 73/268B] || 3 July 2019 || Board of Auditors || G77 and Russia opposed a number of BoA recommendations prompted submission of an L-document requesting SG not to implement those recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/73/671/Add.1 A/73/671/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 67 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/243 67/243] || 24 December 2012 || Financing of ICTY || Russia raised concerns about financing parameters for ICTY&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/675 A/67/675]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/257 66/257] || 9 April 2012 || Accountability || G77 opposed reforms under the Change Management initiative&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/638/add.1 66/638/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] || 24 December 2009 || [[Scale of assessments]] || Russia proposal alternative set of rates for regular budget scale&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/482/Add.1 A/64/482/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Negotiation tactic ===

In addition to the above cases, L-documents have also occasionally been tabled as a negotiation tactic (i.e. a threat of a vote), usually by the G77, in order to force concessions, usually from the Partners/Like-Minded Group. The following is a non-exhaustive list of recent examples. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! L-document !! Date !! Agenda item !! Sponsor !! Issue
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/L.6 A/C.5/73/L.6] || 20 December 2018 || [[Scale of assessments]] || Egypt, on behalf of the G77 || 
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/L.7 A/C.5/73/L.7] || 20 December 2018 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]] || Egypt, on behalf of the G77 ||
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/L.11 A/C.5/69/L.11] || 23 December 2014 || [[Programme budget|First performance report]] || Bolivia, on behalf of the G77 ||
|-
| 63 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/L.9 A/C.5/63/L.9] || 22 December 2008 || Development-related activities || Antigua and Barbuda, on behalf of the G77 ||
|}

== Committee for Programme and Coordination ==
The legal basis for consensus-based decision-making in the [[CPC]] is also [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;6. ''Agrees'' that…the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination should continue its existing practice of reaching decisions by consensus; explanatory views, if any, shall be presented to the General Assembly;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations ==
The longstanding practice of the [[C34]] is to take decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations: Summary record of the first meeting, Friday, 26 March 1965&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]

== References ==

[[category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Brahimi report</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "In 2000, Secretary-General Kofi Annan convened a '''Panel on United Nations Peace Operations''' chaired by Lakhdar Brahimi to present a clear set of recommendations to assist..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="1988" xml:space="preserve">In 2000, Secretary-General Kofi Annan convened a '''Panel on United Nations Peace Operations''' chaired by Lakhdar Brahimi to present a clear set of recommendations to assist the United Nations in conducting [[peace operations]] in the future. The report of the Panel is commonly referred to as the '''Brahimi report'''. 

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809] Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations (Brahimi Report)
* [https://undocs.org/A/55/502 A/55/502] Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the report of the Panel on United Nations peace operations

== Member State consideration ==

=== Security Council ===

A Security Council Working Group on the Brahimi Report was established on 3 October 2000. Its deliberations informed the Security Council consideration of the report.

* [https://undocs.org/S/2000/1084 S/2000/1084] Report of the Security Council Working Group on the Brahimi Report
* [https://undocs.org/S/PV.4220 S/PV.4220] Security Council 4220th meeting, Monday, 13 November 2000, 12.20 p.m.
* Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1327(2000) resolution 1327 (2000)]

=== General Assembly ===

The [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) held an extraordinary session in 2000 to consider the Brahimi report.

* [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/135 resolution 55/135] Comprehensive review of the whole question ofpeacekeeping operations in all their aspects
* [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] Implementation of the recommendations of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations and the Panel on United Nations peace operations
* [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] Implementation of the recommendations of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations and the Panel on United Nations peace operations

[[Category: Doctrine]][[Category: Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Peace operations</title>
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    <text bytes="1800" xml:space="preserve">The term '''peace operations''' is an umbrella term used since the 1990s to refer to the range of activities undertaken by the United Nations in the area of peace and security.

== History ==

The term "peace operations" was used in the Secretary-General's report of the Work of the Organization for 1994&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/1 A/49/1], paragraph 633&lt;/ref&gt; to describe the broad range of political, geographic, social and security issues addresses by peacekeeping and political missions. 

The 2000 [[Brahimi report]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809], paragraphs 10-14&lt;/ref&gt; more defined peace operations as encompassing the three areas of:
# Conflict prevention and peacemaking
# Peacekeeping
# [[Peacebuilding]]

The 2015 report of the [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/95 A/70/95–S/2015/446], paragraph 18&lt;/ref&gt; reaffirmed the use of the term peace operations to refer to peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] collectively. 

== Field missions ==

The term '''field missions''' is a much older term which is currently used as a synonym for peace operations. It dates from the 1940s and was originally used primarily in relation to economic and social activities undertaken at the country level.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/A/C.2/SR.70 A/C.2/SR.70] General Assembly 3rd Session: Second Committee, Summary Records of the 70th meeting, held at Palais de Chaillot, Paris, Wednesday 3 November 1948&lt;/ref&gt; In the 1970s, its use expanded to cover other activities undertaken outside of Headquarters, including in the areas of human rights and peace and security. Eventually, the term became almost exclusively used to refer to peace and security activities.

== References ==

[[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1795" xml:space="preserve">The term '''peace operations''' is an umbrella term used since the 1990s to refer to the range of activities undertaken by the United Nations in the area of peace and security.

== History ==

The term "peace operations" was used in the Secretary-General's report of the Work of the Organization for 1994&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/1 A/49/1], paragraph 633&lt;/ref&gt; to describe the broad range of political, geographic, social and security issues addresses by peacekeeping and political missions. 

The 2000 [[Brahimi report]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809], paragraphs 10-14&lt;/ref&gt; defined peace operations as encompassing the three areas of:
# Conflict prevention and peacemaking
# Peacekeeping
# [[Peacebuilding]]

The 2015 report of the [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/95 A/70/95–S/2015/446], paragraph 18&lt;/ref&gt; reaffirmed the use of the term peace operations to refer to peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] collectively. 

== Field missions ==

The term '''field missions''' is a much older term which is currently used as a synonym for peace operations. It dates from the 1940s and was originally used primarily in relation to economic and social activities undertaken at the country level.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/A/C.2/SR.70 A/C.2/SR.70] General Assembly 3rd Session: Second Committee, Summary Records of the 70th meeting, held at Palais de Chaillot, Paris, Wednesday 3 November 1948&lt;/ref&gt; In the 1970s, its use expanded to cover other activities undertaken outside of Headquarters, including in the areas of human rights and peace and security. Eventually, the term became almost exclusively used to refer to peace and security activities.

== References ==

[[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="1745" xml:space="preserve">The '''High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations''', or '''HIPPO''', was established by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on 14 October 2014 to take a comprehensive look at how United Nations [[peace operations]] could continue to contribute to the prevention and resolution of conflicts and be best designed and equipped to deal with the challenges of tomorrow. 

== Legislative history ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/70/95 A/70/95–S/2015/446] Report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations
* [https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682] Implementation of the HIPPO report: Report of the Secretary-General 
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/6 General Assembly resolution 70/6 of 3 November 2015] 
*: Procedural plenary resolution that indicated that relevant aspects would be considered by the [[C34]], Fourth Committee, [[Fifth Committee]] and other relevant bodies.
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/92 resolution 70/92] of 9 December 2015
*: Resolution on the comprehensive review of [[special political missions]] taking note of the HIPPO report.
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/268 resolution 70/268] of 14 June 2016
*: Boilerplate resolution endorsing the proposals, recommendations and conclusions contained in [https://undocs.org/a/70/19 A/70/19] (the 2016 report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]). 
* [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2015/22 Statement by the President of the Security Council on 25 November 2015 (S/PRST/2015/22)]
*: Took note of the recommendations in the HIPPO and SG reports. 

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Integrated mission</title>
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    <text bytes="2375" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is a mission (either [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping]] or [[special political missions|political]]) in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cost-sharing arrangement ==

The salaries and common staff costs for dual/triple-hatted DSRSGs is shared equally between missions and the Resident Coordinator system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/7/Add.48 A/70/7/Add.48], paragraph 17&lt;/ref&gt;

Operational support costs, including official travel, were previously entirely covered by missions but are now covered under the global cost-shared budget as a result of the [[development system reform]].&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/272 B resolution 71/272B], Section V&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
* [https://reliefweb.int/report/world/secretary-generals-note-guidance-integrated-missions Note from the Secretary-General: Guidance on Integrated Missions] (February 2006)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387408 United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning] (April 2013)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387407 Integrated Assessment and Planning Handbook] (December 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/A/70/703 A/70/703] Proposed United Nations Secretariat contribution to the United Nations Development Group cost-sharing arrangement for the resident coordinator system

== See also ==
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="875" xml:space="preserve">The 2008 '''Capstone Doctrine''' articulated three fundamental '''principles of peacekeeping''', namely:
# [[Consent]] of the parties,
# [[International humanitarian law|Impartiality]] and
# Non-[[use of force]] except in self-defense and defense of the mandate.

The Capstone Doctrine was developed as part of the Peace Operations 2010 agenda.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696], section II&lt;/ref&gt;

== Other considerations ==
The Capstone Doctrine also identified a number of additional success factors for mandate implementation, including legitimacy, credibility and the promotion of national and local ownership. 

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/3943 Summary study of the experience derived from the establishment and operation of the Force (A/3943)]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89481 2008 Capstone Doctrine]

== References ==

[[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>Programme budget</title>
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    <text bytes="5860" xml:space="preserve">The '''programme budget''', or '''regular budget''', is the budget of the United Nations prepared by the Secretary-General in his capacity as chief administrative officer of the Organization&lt;ref&gt;Article 97 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt; and approved by the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;Article 17 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt;. It does not cover the expenses of large peacekeeping missions funded through [[peacekeeping financing|separate special accounts]]. The appropriation for the approved budget is apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]].

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library has an excellent guide to the programme budget and the many different documents and intergovernmental bodies involved in the budget process: [https://research.un.org/en/docs/budget '''UN Documentation: Regular Budget''']

== Budget period ==
The programme budget runs from 1 January to 31 December, unlike [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]], which run from 1 July to 30 June. 

The budget was originally produced and approved on an annual basis. In General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3043(XXVII) 3043 (XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, the General Assembly approved, "on an experimental basis" the move to a biennial (two-year) budget. The first biennial budget, covering calendar years 1974 and 1975, was approved in General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3199(XXVIII) 3199 (XXVIII)] of 18 December 1973. As part of the [[management reform]], the General Assembly approved "the proposed change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020", in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. 

== Budget process ==

The regulations and rules that govern the budget are the [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning]] and the [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]. 

Relevant reports on the current annual budget process:
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Budgetary procedures and practices
* [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(Introduction) A/75/6 (Introduction)] Proposed programme budget for 2021: Forward and introduction (see section A: Methodology and Format)

== Approved levels ==

The basis of assessment for recent calendar years, reflecting the approved level of the budget and all add-ons, is reflected below. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || $3,084,608,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/264A-C 74/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1008 ST/ADM/SER.B/1008] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1009 ST/ADM/SER.B/1009] ||
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || $45 mil related to the capital master plan to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]; includes [[Scale of assessments#Assessments for Member States and non-Member States|list of budget resolutions]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Management reform</title>
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    <text bytes="6884" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] Budgetary procedures and practices 
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning</title>
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    <text bytes="1805" xml:space="preserve">'''The Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation''' are generally referred to by the acronym "'''PPBME'''" because the full title is such a mouthful. The current version of the PPBME is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2016/6 '''ST/SGB/2016/6'''] (issued 2 May 2016).

As with all regulations, the PPBME regulations can only be issued or amended by decision of the General Assembly. With regards to the PPBME rules, under General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/207 53/207] of 18 December 1998, the Secretary-General is instructed to "bring them to the attention of the General Assembly through the Committee before promulgation" &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/207 53/207], section III paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

== Suspended regulations and rules ==

The existing version of the PPBME reflects the pre-reform biennial [[programme budget]] process. As General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/266 resolution 72/266A] approved the shift to an annual budget on a trial basis as part of [[management reform]], a number of PPBME provisions were superseded and were not applied. These are detailed in section A (Methodology and Format) of the 2021 proposed programme budget.

* [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(Introduction) A/75/6 (Introduction)] Proposed programme budget for 2021

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/8 ST/SGB/2000/8] (issued 19 April 2000)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/PPBMERULES/1(1987) ST/SGB/PPBME Rules/1] (issued March 1987)

== See also ==
* [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]]
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Management reform]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Financial Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <text bytes="4637" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] as amended in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 '''Amend.1'''] to facilitate the new [[regulations and rules#Delegation of authority|delegation of authority]] framework entering into effect on 1 January 2019.

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). 

== Authority ==
'''Financial regulations''' are established by the General Assembly as per rule 152 of the General Assembly rules of procedure, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The General Assembly shall establish regulations for the financial administration of the United Nations.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Financial rules''' are established by the Secretary-General on the basis of Financial Regulation 5.8, which states (inter alia) that the Secretary-General shall: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) Establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Related documents ==
=== Delegation of authority ===
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules (until 31 December 2018)

=== Supplements ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/4/Amend.1 Amend.1] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees

=== Subordinate policies ===
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Suspended regulations and rules ==

The existing version of the Financial Regulations and Rules reflects the pre-reform biennial [[programme budget]] process. As General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/266 resolution 72/266A] approved the shift to an annual budget on a trial basis as part of [[management reform]], a number of regulations and rules are not being applied during the trial period. These are detailed in section A (Methodology and Format) of the 2021 proposed programme budget.

* [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(Introduction) A/75/6 (Introduction)] Proposed programme budget for 2021

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/A/1496 A/1496] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/98 ST/SGB/98] (23 February 1954) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/98/Amend.1 Amend.1] (7 May 1954)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/AFS/SGB/91 ST/AFS/SGB/91] and Corr.1 Financial Rules of the United Nations (29 December 1950)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Mission structures</title>
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    <text bytes="7971" xml:space="preserve">Many elements of '''mission structures''' are consistent across missions, though details of reporting lines and nomenclature can vary based on the specifics of the mandate. This page describes the functions and organization of the main structures in a [[multidimensional mission|multidimensional peacekeeping mission]]. 

== Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General ==
The SRSG is the head of mission and is usually the senior UN official in the country. For large field missions, the SRSG is an official of Under-Secretary-General (USG) rank, while in smaller missions the SRSG is often an official of Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) rank. 

=== Office of the Chief of Staff ===
* '''Joint Operations Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) situational awareness and supports mission crisis management.
* '''Joint Mission Analysis Centre''': provides integrated (civilian, military and police) integrated analysis and assessments in support of mission planning and decision-making.
* '''Strategic Planning Unit''': supports development of mission-wide planning documents. In most missions, the SPU also tracks the [[peacekeeping financing|results-based budgeting framework]]. 
* '''Board of Inquiry Unit''': supports mission boards of inquiry, which are convened when there are incidents involving death, serious injury or loss or damage to property. 
* '''Conduct and Discipline Team''': supports the Head of Mission on ensuring conduct and discipline in the mission, including in implementing measures to prevent [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].
* '''Legal''' 
* '''Field Office Coordination''': facilitates coordination between mission headquarters and mission offices at the state/region level. 
* '''Best Practices Officer''': collects best practices from across the mission and serves as interface with [[Department of Peace Operations|DPET]] at Headquarters to obtain best practices from other peace operations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/62/593 A/62/593] Peacekeeping best practices&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Security section ===
: Headed by a Chief Security Adviser. Often colloquially referred to as DSS, as the key officers are from the UN Department of Safety and Security (DSS). Responsible for ensuring the safety and security of all UN personnel (field mission and UN Country Team) and for supporting the SRSG in his/her role as the Designated Official (DO) responsible for the entire country under the UN Security Management System.
=== Public information ===
: The public information section is headed by the mission spokesperson and is responsible for strategic communications. In some missions, the mission operates a radio station (e.g. Radio Miraya in UNMISS); these are part of the public information section. 

== Substantive component == 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (Political) ===
: DSRSGs are deputies to the SRSG. One of the two deputies is generally responsible for issues related to the peace process or political situation. 
=== Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (RC/HC) ===
: In [[integrated mission|structurally-integrated missions]], one of the two DSRSGs concurrently serves as the [[United Nations country team|Resident Coordinator]] and, in some cases, also the [[Humanitarian country team|Humanitarian Coordinator]]. 
=== Substantive offices === 
: These are units reporting to one of the DSRSGs. With the exception of political affairs, which always reports to the DSRSG(P), the various units can report to either DSRSG depending on the specific mission.
* '''Political Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with government and political processes 
* '''Civil Affairs''': responsible for mission engagement with communities and local authorities
* '''Electoral Affairs'''
* '''Human Rights''' 
* '''Child Protection'''
* '''Women’s Protection'''
* '''Security Sector Reform'''
* '''Rule of Law/Justice and Corrections'''
* '''Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration'''
* '''Mine Action'''

== Military component ==
The [[military component]] in a multidimensional mission is headed by the '''Force Commander'''. The military component can consist of different types of military personnel, including troops, military staff officers, [[military observers]] and military liaison officers. 
=== Force headquarters&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89596 Force Headquarters Handbook]&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: The day-to-day management of Force Headquarters is the responsibility of the Force Chief of Staff. Force Headquarters are generally arranged along the basis of the continental staff system, as follows:
* '''Personnel and Administration''' (U-1)
* '''Intelligence''' (U-2)
* '''Operations''' (U-3)
* '''Logistics''' (U-4)
* '''Plans and Policy''' (U-5)
* '''Communications''' (U-6)
* '''Training''' (U-7)
* '''Engineering''' (U-8)
* '''CIMIC''' (U-9)
=== Sector headquarters ===
: Due to the size of the mission area, missions are generally organized into multiple sectors, each with a Sector Commander subordinate to the Force Commander. The Force Headquarters structure is often replicated at a lower level for each sector. 

: Note that military sectors do not always align with the organization of mission field offices. 

== Police component ==
The [[United Nations police|police component]] is headed by the '''Police Commissioner'''. The police component consists of individually-deployed police officers (IPOs) and, in some missions, formed police units responsible for public order maintenance. In most missions, IPOs have a training and capacity development function, though in some missions, the police component has an executive mandate and exercises law enforcement authority within the mission area. 

== Mission support component ==
The mission support structure presented below reflects the DFS guidance on mission support structures issued in September 2017&lt;ref&gt;DFS Supplementary Guidance on Mission Support Structures, 1 September 2017&lt;/ref&gt;, though some missions still follow the legacy structure and nomenclature. 

The mission support component is headed by a director (D-2) or chief (D-1) of mission support responsible for the general management of the human, financial and physical resources of the mission. The Office of the DMS generally includes the aviation safety, audit response, occupational health and safety and information and records management functions. 

=== Operations and resource management === 
: This pillar brings together cross-cutting mission support functions. 
* '''Human Resources Section'''
* '''Budget/Financial Resourcing and Performance Section'''
* '''Field Technology Section''' (previously Geospatial, Information Technology and Telecommunications Section)
* '''Mission Support Centre''': The support planning function for the mission
=== Service delivery management === 
: The service delivery pillar provides logistics support services to the mission. 
* '''Transport Section''': manages mission vehicle fleet (only UN-owned equipment; does not cover [[contingent-owned equipment]])
* '''Aviation Section''': manages mission air operations, including military utility helicopters. 
* '''Medical Section'''
* '''Engineering and Facilities Maintenance Section'''
* '''Life Support Section''': Manages fuel, rations/catering and general supply. 
=== Supply chain management === 
: This pillar includes the supply chain planning, sourcing, delivery, return and enabling functions.
* '''Property Management Section'''
* '''Acquisitions Management Section''': covers acquisition planning, requisitioning and contract performance evaluation 
* '''Procurement Section'''
* '''Central Warehousing Section'''
* '''Movement Control Section''' (MOVCON): Facilitates the movement of UN-owned equipment, contingent-owned equipment and personnel

== See also ==
* [[United Nations country team]]
* [[Humanitarian country team]]

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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  <title>International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals</title>
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    <text bytes="1870" xml:space="preserve">The International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) was established pursuant to Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/S/RES/1966(2010) resolution 1966 (2010)] to continue  the  jurisdiction, rights  and  obligations and carry out the essential functions of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY).

It has two branches:
* Arusha, Tanzania: Became operational 1 July 2012; covers the former ICTR 
* The Hague, Netherlands: Became operational 1 July 2013; covers the former ICTY

== Financing ==

As with the ICTR and ICTY, the IRMCT is financed separately from the [[programme budget|programme]] and [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] budgets. The IRMCT has an annual budget that runs from January through December. Half of its assessed requirements are apportioned on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]] and the other half is apportioned on the basis of the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. 

== Documents ==

* [https://undocs.org/s/2015/896 S/2015/896] Report of the IRMCT on the progress of its work in the initial period (covering the period through 30 October 2015)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2018/347 S/2018/347] Report of the IRMCT on the progress of its work in accordance with the [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/6 statement by the President of the Security Council of 19 March 2018] (covering the period through 31 March 2018)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2020/309 S/2020/309] Third review report of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (covering the period through 15 April 2020)

* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/206 S/2018/206] Evaluation of the methods and work of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals: Report of the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]]

[[Category: Legal]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3907" xml:space="preserve">The International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) was established pursuant to Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/S/RES/1966(2010) resolution 1966 (2010)] to continue  the  jurisdiction, rights  and  obligations and carry out the essential functions of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY).

It has two branches:
* Arusha, Tanzania: Became operational 1 July 2012; covers the former ICTR 
* The Hague, Netherlands: Became operational 1 July 2013; covers the former ICTY

== Financing ==

As with the ICTR and ICTY, the IRMCT is financed separately from the [[programme budget|programme]] and [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] budgets. The IRMCT has an annual budget that runs from January through December. Half of its assessed requirements are apportioned on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]] and the other half is apportioned on the basis of the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. 

== Documents ==

'''Annual reports'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Symbol   !! Title !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/267 A/74/267-S/2019/622] || Seventh annual report of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/289 A/73/289–S/2018/569] || Sixth annual report of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/261 A/72/261–S/2017/661] || Fifth annual report of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
|}

'''Assessment and progress reports'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Symbol   !! Title !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2020/416 S/2020/416]  || Assessment and progress report of the President and the Prosecutor of the IRMCT for the period from 16 November 2019 to 16 May 2020 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2019/888 S/2019/888] || Assessment and progress report of the President and the Prosecutor of the IRMCT for the period from 16 May to 15 November 2019 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2019/417 S/2019/417] || Assessment and progress report of the President and the Prosecutor of the IRMCT for the period from 16 November 2018 to 15 May 2019 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1033 S/2018/1033] || Assessment and progress report of the President and the Prosecutor of the IRMCT for the period from 16 May to 15 November 2018 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2018/471 S/2018/471] || Assessment and progress reports of the President and the Prosecutor of the IRMCT for the period from 16 November 2017 to 15 May 2018
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2017/971 S/2017/971] || Assessment and progress report of the President and the Prosecutor of the IRMCT for the period from 16 May to 15 November 2017 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2017/434 S/2017/434] || Assessment and progress reports of the President and the Prosecutor of the IRMCT for the period from 16 November 2016 to 15 May 2017
|}

'''Review reports'''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Symbol   !! Title !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2020/309 S/2020/309] || Third review report of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals || Covers the period through 15 April 2020
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2018/347 S/2018/347]   || Report of the IRMCT on the progress of its work in accordance with the [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/6 statement by the President of the Security Council of 19 March 2018] || Covers the period through 31 March 2018
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2015/896 S/2015/896] || Report of the IRMCT on the progress of its work in the initial period || Covers the period through 30 October 2015
|}

'''Other documents'''

* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/206 S/2018/206] Evaluation of the methods and work of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals: Report of the [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]]

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    <text bytes="3786" xml:space="preserve">The non-'''use of force''' except in self-defense and defense of the mandate is one of the three [[principles of peacekeeping]] articulated in the 2008 Capstone Doctrine. Self-defense includes the right to protect oneself, other UN personnel, UN property and any other persons under UN protection.&lt;ref&gt;[https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/peacekeeping-handbook_un_dec2003_0.pdf Handbook on UN Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations], Chapter V: Military&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rules of engagement ==

The circumstances under which a mission may used armed force is spelled out in '''rules of engagement''' established for each mission based on its mandate. The rules of engagement will clarify the different levels of force that can be used in various circumstances, how each level of force should be used and any authorizations that may need to be obtained from commanders.&lt;ref&gt;[https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/peacekeeping-handbook_un_dec2003_0.pdf Handbook on UN Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations], Chapter V: Military&lt;/ref&gt; 

Rules of engagement are developed on the basis of the ''Guidelines for the Development of Rules of Engagement for the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations'', issued in November 2000. These are [[Information sensitivity, classification and handling|classified]] UN Restricted and are not publicly available. 

Missions are also bound by the Secretary-General's Bulletin [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/13 ST/SGB/1999/13] on the observance by United Nations forces of international humanitarian law. 

== Robust peacekeeping ==

Recent peacekeeping missions in which the Security Council has authorized the use of "all necessary means" to defend the mandate, including protecting civilians under imminent threat of physical violence, have colloquially been referred to as "robust" mandates. The Capstone Doctrine draws a distinction between robust peacekeeping, in which use of force is applied at the tactical level with the authorization of the Security Council and with the consent of the parties, and peace enforcement, which does not require the consent of the parties and which may involve the use of force at the strategic level&lt;ref&gt;Capstone Doctrine, Chapter 3.1&lt;/ref&gt;

== History ==

The principle of non-use of force except in self-defense dates back to the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), the first peacekeeping mission deployed with armed peacekeepers, in 1956. UNEF adopted the following approach:

&lt;blockquote&gt;A reasonable definition seems to have been established in the case of UNEF I, where the rule is applied that men engaged in the operation may never take the initiative in the use of armed force, but are entitled to respond with force to attak with arms, including attempts to use force to make them withdraw from positions which they occupy under orders from the Commander.… The basic element involved is clearly the prohibition against any ''initiative'' in the use of armed force.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/3943 A/3943] Summary study of the experience derived from the establishment and operation of the Force (9 October 1958)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Subsequently, the concept has expanded to include attempts to prevent the mission to implement its mandate. As noted for UNEF II in 1973,

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Force will be provided with weapons of a defensive character only. It shall not use force except in self-defense. Self-defense would include resistance to attempts by forceful means to prevent it from discharging its duties under the mandate of the Security Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/11052/Rev.1 S/11052/Rev.1] Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of Security Council resolution 340 (1973)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== References ==

[[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4019" xml:space="preserve">The non-'''use of force''' except in self-defense and defense of the mandate is one of the three [[principles of peacekeeping]] articulated in the 2008 Capstone Doctrine. Self-defense includes the right to protect oneself, other UN personnel, UN property and any other persons under UN protection.&lt;ref&gt;[https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/peacekeeping-handbook_un_dec2003_0.pdf Handbook on UN Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations], Chapter V: Military&lt;/ref&gt; 

The current guidelines on the use of force entered into effect on 1 February 2017&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400571 2016.24 Guidelines: Use of Force by Military Components in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Rules of engagement ==

The circumstances under which a mission may used armed force is spelled out in '''rules of engagement''' established for each mission based on its mandate. The rules of engagement will clarify the different levels of force that can be used in various circumstances, how each level of force should be used and any authorizations that may need to be obtained from commanders.&lt;ref&gt;[https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/peacekeeping-handbook_un_dec2003_0.pdf Handbook on UN Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations], Chapter V: Military&lt;/ref&gt; 

Rules of engagement are developed on the basis of the ''Guidelines for the Development of Rules of Engagement for the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations'', issued in November 2000. These are [[Information sensitivity, classification and handling|classified]] UN Restricted and are not publicly available. 

Missions are also bound by the Secretary-General's Bulletin [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/13 ST/SGB/1999/13] on the observance by United Nations forces of international humanitarian law. 

== Robust peacekeeping ==

Recent peacekeeping missions in which the Security Council has authorized the use of "all necessary means" to defend the mandate, including protecting civilians under imminent threat of physical violence, have colloquially been referred to as "robust" mandates. The Capstone Doctrine draws a distinction between robust peacekeeping, in which use of force is applied at the tactical level with the authorization of the Security Council and with the consent of the parties, and peace enforcement, which does not require the consent of the parties and which may involve the use of force at the strategic level&lt;ref&gt;Capstone Doctrine, Chapter 3.1&lt;/ref&gt;

== History ==

The principle of non-use of force except in self-defense dates back to the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), the first peacekeeping mission deployed with armed peacekeepers, in 1956. UNEF adopted the following approach:

&lt;blockquote&gt;A reasonable definition seems to have been established in the case of UNEF I, where the rule is applied that men engaged in the operation may never take the initiative in the use of armed force, but are entitled to respond with force to attak with arms, including attempts to use force to make them withdraw from positions which they occupy under orders from the Commander.… The basic element involved is clearly the prohibition against any ''initiative'' in the use of armed force.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/3943 A/3943] Summary study of the experience derived from the establishment and operation of the Force (9 October 1958)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Subsequently, the concept has expanded to include attempts to prevent the mission to implement its mandate. As noted for UNEF II in 1973,

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Force will be provided with weapons of a defensive character only. It shall not use force except in self-defense. Self-defense would include resistance to attempts by forceful means to prevent it from discharging its duties under the mandate of the Security Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/11052/Rev.1 S/11052/Rev.1] Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of Security Council resolution 340 (1973)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== References ==

[[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)], requested options for a '''follow-on presence''' to the United Nations-African Union..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="1067" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)], requested options for a '''follow-on presence''' to the United Nations-African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), based on the views and the needs of Government of Sudan.

== Documents ==

'''Security Council resolutions'''
* Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)]
*: Expressed intention to decide courses of action regarding the responsible drawdown and exit of UNAMID and to adopt a new resolution establishing a follow-on presence to UNAMID

'''Other documents'''

* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/77 S/2020/77] Letter dated 27 January 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/202 S/2020/202] Special report on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/221 S/2020/221] Letter dated 27 February 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General

[[Category: Mission]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1068" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)], requested options for a '''follow-on presence''' to the United Nations-African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), based on the views and the needs of Government of Sudan.

== Documents ==

'''Security Council resolutions'''
* Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)]
*: Expressed intention to decide courses of action regarding the responsible drawdown and exit of UNAMID and to adopt a new resolution establishing a follow-on presence to UNAMID

'''Other documents'''

* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/77 S/2020/77] Letter dated 27 January 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/202 S/2020/202] Special report on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/221 S/2020/221] Letter dated 27 February 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General

[[Category: Missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1335" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)], requested options for a '''follow-on presence''' to the United Nations-African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), based on the views and the needs of Government of Sudan.

== Documents ==

'''Security Council resolutions'''
* Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)]
*: Expressed intention to decide courses of action regarding the responsible drawdown and exit of UNAMID and to adopt a new resolution establishing a follow-on presence to UNAMID

'''Other documents'''

* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/77 S/2020/77] Letter dated 27 January 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/202 S/2020/202] Special report on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/221 S/2020/221] Letter dated 27 February 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/336 S/2020/336] Letter dated 28 April 2020 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General and the Permanent Representatives of the members of the Security Council (Security Council meeting on 24 April 2020)

[[Category: Missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1335" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)], requested options for a '''follow-on presence''' to the United Nations-African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), based on the views and the needs of Government of Sudan.

== Documents ==

'''Security Council resolutions'''
* Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)]
*: Expressed intention to decide courses of action regarding the responsible drawdown and exit of UNAMID and to adopt a new resolution establishing a follow-on presence to UNAMID

'''Other documents'''

* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/77 S/2020/77] Letter dated 27 January 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/202 S/2020/202] Special report on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/221 S/2020/221] Letter dated 27 February 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/336 S/2020/336] Letter dated 28 April 2020 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General and the Permanent Representatives of the members of the Security Council (Security Council meeting on 24 April 2020)

[[Category: Missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4740" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan''' (UNITAMS) was established by the Security Council in its resolution 2524 (2020) of 3 June 2020, which requested the Secretary-General to appoint a SRSG for Sudan and Head of Mission for UNITAMS and to initiate the planning and for and establishment of UNITAMS to allow the mission to begin delivering on its objectives by 1 January 2021. 

== Background ==

An earlier [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)], requested options for a '''follow-on presence''' to the United Nations-African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), based on the views and the needs of Government of Sudan.

== Mandated tasks ==

UNITAMS is an [[integrated mission]] with the following strategic objectives set out in resolution 2524&lt;ref&gt;Security Council resolution 2524 (2020), paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;:

# Assist the political transition, progress towards democratic governance, in the protection and promotion of human rights, and sustainable peace (sic)
#: a. Assist, through good offices, the Sudanese transition
#: b. Provide technical assistance to the constitution drafting process, the population census, (and) preparations for elections, in support of national efforts
#: c. Support the implementation of the human rights, equality, accountability and rule of law provisions of the Constitutional Document and future peace agreements
# Support peace processes and implementation of future peace agreements
#: a. Provide good offices and support to the Sudanese peace negotiations
#: b. Provide, if requested by the parties, scalable support to the implementation of any future peace agreements
# Assist peacebuilding, civilian protection and rule of law, in particular in Darfur and the Two Areas
#: a. Support Sudanese-led peacebuilding
#: b. Assist, advice and support the Government of Sudan's capacity to extend state presence and inclusive civilian government and providing advisory and capacity building support for security authorities
#: c. Assist, advise and support the Government of Sudan to establish a secure and stable environment within which any future peace agreement can be implemented  
#: d. Support the strengthening of human rights
# Support the mobilization of economic and development assistance and coordination of humanitarian assistance
#: a. Collaborate with the international financial institutions
#: b. Support and facilitate full, rapid, safe and unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance
#: c. Ensure effective and integrated cooperation of [[United Nations system|United Nations agencies, funds and programmes]] and promote cooperation with relevant partners

The resolution also requested UNITAMS and the [[United Nations country team]] to establish an appropriate mechanisms for joint and coordinated [[peacebuilding]] support, based on lessons learned from the state liaison functions established under UNAMID. 

During the internal planning and the Security Council mandate negotiations, there were differences of views regarding the UNITAMS mandate related to [[protection of civilians]], with some stakeholders calling for the deployment of military and/or police personnel as part of the mission. This language was replaced with more general language on providing advisory and capacity building support "through United Nations advisers".&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.whatsinblue.org/2020/06/resolutions-on-the-un-au-hybrid-operation-in-darfur-unamid-and-the-establishment-of-a-follow-on-mission.php What's in Blue: Resolutions on the UN/AU Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) and the establishment of a follow-on mission] (3 June 2020)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==

'''Security Council resolutions'''
* Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2495(2019) resolution 2495 (2019)]
*: Expressed intention to decide courses of action regarding the responsible drawdown and exit of UNAMID and to adopt a new resolution establishing a follow-on presence to UNAMID

'''Other documents'''

* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/77 S/2020/77] Letter dated 27 January 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/202 S/2020/202] Special report on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/221 S/2020/221] Letter dated 27 February 2020 from the Prime Minister of the Sudan addressed to the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/336 S/2020/336] Letter dated 28 April 2020 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General and the Permanent Representatives of the members of the Security Council (Security Council meeting on 24 April 2020)

== References ==

[[Category: Missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1352" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Indexes ===
[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Mission|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

=== Beta ===

[[:Category:Policy Compendium|Policy Compendium]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1353" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Indexes ===
[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

=== Beta ===

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  <title>Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership</title>
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    <text bytes="3313" xml:space="preserve">The '''Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership (OPSP)''' was established by the General Assembly as a resource to advise the Under-Secretaries-General for [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|Peacekeeping Operations]] and [[Department of Field Support|Field Support]] on issues affecting the participation of troop- and police-contributing countries in peacekeeping operations. Following the [[peace and security reform]], the Office now reports to the Under-Secretary-General for [[Department of Peace Operations|Peace Operations]]. 

== Mandate ==
The mandate for OPSP is contained in [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 resolution 67/287] of 28 June 2013. Paragraph 28 specified that the functions of OPSP would initially consist of: 
&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) Strengthening the peacekeeping partnership by assisting in identifying gaps that have an impact on the delivery of mandates by United Nations peacekeeping missions by making recommendations on systemic issues relating to
United Nations peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;
(b) Making recommendations to ensure the safety, security and welfare of, and the Organization’s provision of adequate support services to, uniformed field personnel; &lt;br /&gt;
(c) Working closely with troop- and police-contributing countries and senior leadership, both in the field and at Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;
(d) Making recommendations to incorporate lessons learned and best practices from peacekeeping missions into peacekeeping operations;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly decided in paragraph 32 to review the mandate and functions of the Office during the 69th session. However, no changes were made to either the mandate and functions during the 69th session.

== Legislative history ==
In 2013, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of the "Office of the Director, Evaluation of Field Uniformed Personnel" reporting to the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations as "An independent evaluation function of field uniformed personnel…to assist the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations through the provision of objective and independent reviews, analysis, advice and recommendations on the effectiveness and efficiency of uniformed personnel in the field."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/756 A/67/756] Support account 2012/13, paragraph 84&lt;/ref&gt; The establishment of this Office was proposed as neither the [[Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training]] in DPKO–DFS nor the Office of Internal Oversight Services had the capacity or specialized expertise to perform these specialized functions. 

Troop-contributing countries, however, were concerned about the similarities between the proposed functions of the Office and those of an inspector-general. To address these concerns, the name of the Office was changed and its functions specified in the text of the resolution, though the resources originally requested were approved. In addition, the General Assembly specified that the Director of the Office must come from a troop-contributing country and have leadership experience in a peacekeeping mission and—in a departure from the original proposal of the Secretary-General—a dual reporting line to the Under-Secretaries-General for Peacekeeping Operations and Field Support.

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="13352" xml:space="preserve">The '''peace and security architecture''' of the Secretariat consists of the '''Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs''' (DPPA), the '''Department of Peace Operations''' (DPO), a single regional political-operational structure and capacities for coordination and shared services. 

== History ==
The architecture was established on 1 January 2019 as part of the 2017 [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar|peace and security reform]] following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C resolution 72/262C].

The architecture replaced the previous [[Department of Political Affairs]] (DPA) and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] (DPKO). 

== Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs ==

DPPA is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and is the lead entity within the Secretariat for political analysis, mediation, electoral assistance, peacebuilding support and political guidance. Its remit currently includes the [[peace operations]] categorized as [[special political missions]].  

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General ===
=== Peacebuilding Support Office ===
PBSO is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General, who also serves as the deputy to the Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs. 
* '''Peacebuilding Strategy and Partnerships Branch'''
*: Previously the Policy, Planning and Application Branch, this Branch facilitates coherence system-wide action by connecting the peace and security pillar with the development system, humanitarian actors and the human rights pillar. 
* '''Peacebuilding Commission Support Branch'''
*: This Branch provides strategic, substantive, technical and logistical support to the [[Peacebuilding Commission]] (PBC). 
* '''Financing for Peacebuilding Branch '''
*: This Branch is responsible for the overall strategic management of the [[Peacebuilding Fund]]. 

=== Security Council Affairs Division ===
SCAD is led by a director (D-2) and provides advice and substantive support tot he Security Council, its subsidiary organs and the [[Military Staff Committee]].
* '''Security Council Secretariat Branch'''
* '''Security Council Subsidiary Organs Branch'''
* '''Security Council Practices and Charter Research Branch'''
* '''Military Staff Committee Secretariat'''

=== Electoral Assistance Division ===
EAD is led by a director (D-2) and is responsible for providing advice on the organization and conduct of electoral assistance, as requested by Member States or mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council. It also manages the United Nations roster of electoral experts. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772], paragraph 23&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Policy and Mediation Division ===
PMD is led by a director (D-2) and is responsible for the development of policy, guidance and learning tools for conflict prevention and preventative diplomacy as well as for the provision of mediation support and advice. It also provides substantive and administrative support to the High-level Advisory Board on Mediation. 

The Division includes a Gender, Peace and Security Team responsible for the development of policy and the provision of substantive and technical support on issues related to gender and to women, peace and security, in coordination with the Gender Unit in DPO.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772], paragraph 22&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Division for Palestinian Rights ===
The Division provides support to the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People.

=== Decolonization Unit ===
The Decolonization Unit provides advice and substantive support to the Special Committee on the Situation regarding the Implementation of the Declaration of the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (commonly known as the Special Committee on Decolonization, or C-24).

== Department of Peace Operations ==
DPO is led by an Under-Secretary-General and is responsible for providing integrated strategic, operation, political, policy and operational support to [[peace operations]] within its purview. It is also the lead entity within the United Nations system in the areas of military, police, rule of law and security sector institutions, DDR and mine action. 

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General===
* '''[[Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership]]'''
*: OPSP is headed by a director (D-2) responsible for advising the USG on issues affecting the participation of troop- and police-contributing countries in peacekeeping operations.
* '''Gender Unit'''
*: Provides advice to senior departmental leadership on gender equality and women, peace and security, in cooperation with the Gender, Peace and Security Team in DPPA. 
* '''Integrated Assessment and Planning Unit'''
*: Provides advice and support on mission-specific analysis, assessment and planning processes. 

=== Office of Military Affairs ===
OMA is headed by the Assistant Secretary-General, Military Adviser, and is responsible for providing technical advice to the Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations and the heads of the military components of peace operations. 
* '''Military Planning Service'''
*: MPS conducts military planning for emerging and existing operations, produces military guidance documents, monitors the implementation of military plans for ongoing operations and identifies the force or operational requirements for military personnel, military formed units and [[contingent-owned equipment]] in potential or ongoing peace operations. 
* '''Force Generation Service'''
*: FGS is the principal military point of contact with troop-contributing countries on the force generation process, including the generation, rotation and repatriation of military contingents and individuals. It supports the work of the Uniformed Capabilities Support Division in the [[Department of Operational Support]] on the [[contingent-owned equipment]] and [[memorandum of understanding]] negotiation process. The Service also supports the selection process for senior military officials in peace operations. 
* '''Current Military Operations Service'''
*: CMOS advises heads of military components in peace operations on technical aspects of military operations. It monitors and coordinates with the permanent missions of troop-contributing countries on operational issues involving military personnel, including incidents, accidents, injuries, deaths and [[conduct and discipline]] issues in peace operations. 

=== Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions===
==== Police Division ====
The Police Division is headed by the Police Adviser (D-2), who also serves as deputy to the ASG OROLSI&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] Assessment of the Police Division&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Strategic Policy and Development Section'''
*: This Section develops and reviews technical guidelines, standards, directives and SOPs for police components in peace operations.
* '''Mission Management and Support Section'''
*: This Section provides operational and technical advice on law enforcement and policing issues to police components of peace operations. It also coordinates with the permanent missions of police-contributing countries on operational, technical and administrative issues related to deployed police personnel. 
* '''Selection and Recruitment Section'''
*: This Section coordinates the selection, deployment, rotation and repatriation of [[United Nations police]] officers. It also supports the Uniformed Capabilities Support Division in the [[Department of Operational Support]] on the [[contingent-owned equipment]] and [[memorandum of understanding]] negotiation process for formed police units. 
* '''Standing Police Capacity'''
*: The SPC, located at the [[Global Service Centre|United Nations Logistics Base]] in Brindisi, Italy, provides standby police and law enforcement start-up capability tof new peace operations, supports operational assessments of police components and provides assistance during mission transitions, drawdown and closure. 

==== Justice and Corrections Service ====
JCS provides support to justice, corrections and rule of law components on mandate delivery, including in the areas of accountability mechanisms to address conflict-related serious crimes, institutional architecture, capacity and legislative reforms related to the rule of law, extension of justice and corrections institutions and prison security and management. 
* '''Justice and Corrections Standing Capacity'''
*: The JCSC, located at the [[Global Service Centre|United Nations Logistics Base]] in Brindisi, Italy, provides rapidly-deployable start-up or surge capacity to support peace operations and [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]] upon request. 

==== Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Section ====
The DDR Section provides expertise to peace operations and develops policy, guidance and training for the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), community violence reduction (CVR) and other programmes aimed at managing non-state armed groups and preventing the recruitment into such groups. 

==== Security Sector Reform Unit ====
SSRU provides policy advice and support on security and defense sector reform to relevant units in peace operations and develops relevant policy, guidance, standards and practices. 

==== Mine Action Service ====
UNMAS, which is led by a director (D-2), is the lead entity within the United Nations on mine action, in line with General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/80 resolution 70/80]
* '''Strategic Planning and Operations Support Unit'''
* '''Budget, Financial Management and Reporting Section'''
* '''Programme Management and Planning Section'''
* '''Policy, Advocacy and Public Information Section'''
* '''Geneva Office'''

===Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training===
DPET is led by a director (D-2). 
* '''Integrated Training Service'''
* '''Peace Operations Policy and Best Practices Section'''

==Office of the Director for Coordination and Shared Services ==
The Office, which is led by a director (D-2) who reports to both Under-Secretaries-General, provides a range of common management and administrative services to both departments.  

* '''Executive Office'''
*: The EO supports both departments in fulfilling their financial, personnel and general administration responsibilities. The general functions of executive offices across the Secretariat is established in section 7 of [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/3 ST/SGB/2015/3].
* '''Peacekeeping Situation Centre'''
*: The SitCen is the DPPA-DPO contribution to the [[United Nations Operations and Crisis Centre]] (UNOCC).
* '''Leadership Support Section'''
*: The Section monitors leadership requirements in peace operations and supports decision-making on senior leadership appointments, including through the maintenance of a database of qualified individuals, development of post profiles and short lists and supporting newly-appointed senior leaders. 
* '''Strategic Communications Section'''
*: Provides advice to senior departmental leadership, manages medial relations, publicity, outreach, external relations, corporate messaging, digital and online platforms and campaigns and supports public information units in peace operations.&lt;ref&gt;The Section primarily supports DPO, as DPPA retains a strategic communications capacity in the Office of the Under-Secretary-General.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Focal Point for Security'''
*: Provides policy and strategic advice on safety and security measures related to peace operations as well as organizational resilience programmes. 
* '''Information Management Unit'''
* '''Registry'''

== Single regional political-operational structure ==
The three offices of the single regional structure report to both Under-Secretaries-General and are central to the implementation of the whole-of-pillar approach to addressing challenges to international peace and security. 

Each office consists of divisions responsible for coordination of United Nations work in early warning, prevention, peacebuilding, mediation, sustaining peace and peace operations in their designated geographical areas. The divisions lead the development of integrated regional and country-specific conflict analyses and strategies and provide backstopping support for [[peace operations]] within their geographical area. Multidimensional peacekeeping operations are supported by integrated operational teams within the divisions which bring together political, military, rule of law and other relevant capacities. 

===Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa===
* '''Northern Africa Division'''
* '''Western Africa Division'''
* '''Eastern Africa Division'''
* '''Central and Southern Africa Division'''
===Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Middle East, Asia and the Pacific===
* '''Middle East Division'''
* '''Asia and the Pacific Division'''
===Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Europe, Central Asia and the Americas===
* '''Europe and Central Asia Division'''
* '''Americas Division'''

== See also ==

=== Relevant documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] Assessment of the Police Division

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Peacebuilding Support Office */ Added link to peacebuilding page</comment>
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    <text bytes="13398" xml:space="preserve">The '''peace and security architecture''' of the Secretariat consists of the '''Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs''' (DPPA), the '''Department of Peace Operations''' (DPO), a single regional political-operational structure and capacities for coordination and shared services. 

== History ==
The architecture was established on 1 January 2019 as part of the 2017 [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar|peace and security reform]] following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C resolution 72/262C].

The architecture replaced the previous [[Department of Political Affairs]] (DPA) and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] (DPKO). 

== Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs ==

DPPA is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and is the lead entity within the Secretariat for political analysis, mediation, electoral assistance, peacebuilding support and political guidance. Its remit currently includes the [[peace operations]] categorized as [[special political missions]].  

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General ===
=== [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding_Support_Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] ===
PBSO is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General, who also serves as the deputy to the Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs. 
* '''Peacebuilding Strategy and Partnerships Branch'''
*: Previously the Policy, Planning and Application Branch, this Branch facilitates coherence system-wide action by connecting the peace and security pillar with the development system, humanitarian actors and the human rights pillar. 
* '''Peacebuilding Commission Support Branch'''
*: This Branch provides strategic, substantive, technical and logistical support to the [[Peacebuilding Commission]] (PBC). 
* '''Financing for Peacebuilding Branch '''
*: This Branch is responsible for the overall strategic management of the [[Peacebuilding Fund]].

=== Security Council Affairs Division ===
SCAD is led by a director (D-2) and provides advice and substantive support tot he Security Council, its subsidiary organs and the [[Military Staff Committee]].
* '''Security Council Secretariat Branch'''
* '''Security Council Subsidiary Organs Branch'''
* '''Security Council Practices and Charter Research Branch'''
* '''Military Staff Committee Secretariat'''

=== Electoral Assistance Division ===
EAD is led by a director (D-2) and is responsible for providing advice on the organization and conduct of electoral assistance, as requested by Member States or mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council. It also manages the United Nations roster of electoral experts. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772], paragraph 23&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Policy and Mediation Division ===
PMD is led by a director (D-2) and is responsible for the development of policy, guidance and learning tools for conflict prevention and preventative diplomacy as well as for the provision of mediation support and advice. It also provides substantive and administrative support to the High-level Advisory Board on Mediation. 

The Division includes a Gender, Peace and Security Team responsible for the development of policy and the provision of substantive and technical support on issues related to gender and to women, peace and security, in coordination with the Gender Unit in DPO.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772], paragraph 22&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Division for Palestinian Rights ===
The Division provides support to the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People.

=== Decolonization Unit ===
The Decolonization Unit provides advice and substantive support to the Special Committee on the Situation regarding the Implementation of the Declaration of the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (commonly known as the Special Committee on Decolonization, or C-24).

== Department of Peace Operations ==
DPO is led by an Under-Secretary-General and is responsible for providing integrated strategic, operation, political, policy and operational support to [[peace operations]] within its purview. It is also the lead entity within the United Nations system in the areas of military, police, rule of law and security sector institutions, DDR and mine action. 

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General===
* '''[[Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership]]'''
*: OPSP is headed by a director (D-2) responsible for advising the USG on issues affecting the participation of troop- and police-contributing countries in peacekeeping operations.
* '''Gender Unit'''
*: Provides advice to senior departmental leadership on gender equality and women, peace and security, in cooperation with the Gender, Peace and Security Team in DPPA. 
* '''Integrated Assessment and Planning Unit'''
*: Provides advice and support on mission-specific analysis, assessment and planning processes. 

=== Office of Military Affairs ===
OMA is headed by the Assistant Secretary-General, Military Adviser, and is responsible for providing technical advice to the Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations and the heads of the military components of peace operations. 
* '''Military Planning Service'''
*: MPS conducts military planning for emerging and existing operations, produces military guidance documents, monitors the implementation of military plans for ongoing operations and identifies the force or operational requirements for military personnel, military formed units and [[contingent-owned equipment]] in potential or ongoing peace operations. 
* '''Force Generation Service'''
*: FGS is the principal military point of contact with troop-contributing countries on the force generation process, including the generation, rotation and repatriation of military contingents and individuals. It supports the work of the Uniformed Capabilities Support Division in the [[Department of Operational Support]] on the [[contingent-owned equipment]] and [[memorandum of understanding]] negotiation process. The Service also supports the selection process for senior military officials in peace operations. 
* '''Current Military Operations Service'''
*: CMOS advises heads of military components in peace operations on technical aspects of military operations. It monitors and coordinates with the permanent missions of troop-contributing countries on operational issues involving military personnel, including incidents, accidents, injuries, deaths and [[conduct and discipline]] issues in peace operations. 

=== Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions===
==== Police Division ====
The Police Division is headed by the Police Adviser (D-2), who also serves as deputy to the ASG OROLSI&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] Assessment of the Police Division&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Strategic Policy and Development Section'''
*: This Section develops and reviews technical guidelines, standards, directives and SOPs for police components in peace operations.
* '''Mission Management and Support Section'''
*: This Section provides operational and technical advice on law enforcement and policing issues to police components of peace operations. It also coordinates with the permanent missions of police-contributing countries on operational, technical and administrative issues related to deployed police personnel. 
* '''Selection and Recruitment Section'''
*: This Section coordinates the selection, deployment, rotation and repatriation of [[United Nations police]] officers. It also supports the Uniformed Capabilities Support Division in the [[Department of Operational Support]] on the [[contingent-owned equipment]] and [[memorandum of understanding]] negotiation process for formed police units. 
* '''Standing Police Capacity'''
*: The SPC, located at the [[Global Service Centre|United Nations Logistics Base]] in Brindisi, Italy, provides standby police and law enforcement start-up capability tof new peace operations, supports operational assessments of police components and provides assistance during mission transitions, drawdown and closure. 

==== Justice and Corrections Service ====
JCS provides support to justice, corrections and rule of law components on mandate delivery, including in the areas of accountability mechanisms to address conflict-related serious crimes, institutional architecture, capacity and legislative reforms related to the rule of law, extension of justice and corrections institutions and prison security and management. 
* '''Justice and Corrections Standing Capacity'''
*: The JCSC, located at the [[Global Service Centre|United Nations Logistics Base]] in Brindisi, Italy, provides rapidly-deployable start-up or surge capacity to support peace operations and [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]] upon request. 

==== Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Section ====
The DDR Section provides expertise to peace operations and develops policy, guidance and training for the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), community violence reduction (CVR) and other programmes aimed at managing non-state armed groups and preventing the recruitment into such groups. 

==== Security Sector Reform Unit ====
SSRU provides policy advice and support on security and defense sector reform to relevant units in peace operations and develops relevant policy, guidance, standards and practices. 

==== Mine Action Service ====
UNMAS, which is led by a director (D-2), is the lead entity within the United Nations on mine action, in line with General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/80 resolution 70/80]
* '''Strategic Planning and Operations Support Unit'''
* '''Budget, Financial Management and Reporting Section'''
* '''Programme Management and Planning Section'''
* '''Policy, Advocacy and Public Information Section'''
* '''Geneva Office'''

===Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training===
DPET is led by a director (D-2). 
* '''Integrated Training Service'''
* '''Peace Operations Policy and Best Practices Section'''

==Office of the Director for Coordination and Shared Services ==
The Office, which is led by a director (D-2) who reports to both Under-Secretaries-General, provides a range of common management and administrative services to both departments.  

* '''Executive Office'''
*: The EO supports both departments in fulfilling their financial, personnel and general administration responsibilities. The general functions of executive offices across the Secretariat is established in section 7 of [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/3 ST/SGB/2015/3].
* '''Peacekeeping Situation Centre'''
*: The SitCen is the DPPA-DPO contribution to the [[United Nations Operations and Crisis Centre]] (UNOCC).
* '''Leadership Support Section'''
*: The Section monitors leadership requirements in peace operations and supports decision-making on senior leadership appointments, including through the maintenance of a database of qualified individuals, development of post profiles and short lists and supporting newly-appointed senior leaders. 
* '''Strategic Communications Section'''
*: Provides advice to senior departmental leadership, manages medial relations, publicity, outreach, external relations, corporate messaging, digital and online platforms and campaigns and supports public information units in peace operations.&lt;ref&gt;The Section primarily supports DPO, as DPPA retains a strategic communications capacity in the Office of the Under-Secretary-General.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Focal Point for Security'''
*: Provides policy and strategic advice on safety and security measures related to peace operations as well as organizational resilience programmes. 
* '''Information Management Unit'''
* '''Registry'''

== Single regional political-operational structure ==
The three offices of the single regional structure report to both Under-Secretaries-General and are central to the implementation of the whole-of-pillar approach to addressing challenges to international peace and security. 

Each office consists of divisions responsible for coordination of United Nations work in early warning, prevention, peacebuilding, mediation, sustaining peace and peace operations in their designated geographical areas. The divisions lead the development of integrated regional and country-specific conflict analyses and strategies and provide backstopping support for [[peace operations]] within their geographical area. Multidimensional peacekeeping operations are supported by integrated operational teams within the divisions which bring together political, military, rule of law and other relevant capacities. 

===Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa===
* '''Northern Africa Division'''
* '''Western Africa Division'''
* '''Eastern Africa Division'''
* '''Central and Southern Africa Division'''
===Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Middle East, Asia and the Pacific===
* '''Middle East Division'''
* '''Asia and the Pacific Division'''
===Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Europe, Central Asia and the Americas===
* '''Europe and Central Asia Division'''
* '''Americas Division'''

== See also ==

=== Relevant documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] Assessment of the Police Division

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="95" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Peace and security architecture#Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]]</text>
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    <text bytes="76" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Peace and security architecture#Department of Peace Operations]]</text>
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    <text bytes="76" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Peace and security architecture#Department of Peace Operations]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200521233000|605">
  <title>Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations</title>
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    <text bytes="1702" xml:space="preserve">The '''Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations''' defines the privileges and immunities of the United Nations, its personnel and its assets. It stems from Article 105 of the United Nations Charter, which specifies that:

# The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes.
# Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.
# The General Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the United Nations for this purpose.

The Convention entered into force on 17 September 1946. As of 2018, the Convention has been ratified by 162 Member States, a number of which have registered reservations with certain provisions of the Convention. The text of the convention and the reservations made by Member States are available on the UN Treaty Collection website: [https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?src=ind&amp;mtdsg_no=iii-1&amp;chapter=3 link].

== Specialized agencies ==

The separate '''Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies''' is the analogous document pertaining to the [[United Nations system|specialized agencies]]. The text of the convention is available on the UN Treaty Collection website: [https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=III-2&amp;chapter=3&amp;lang=en link].

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200521233000|605">
  <title>United Nations country team</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="951" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations country team''' (UNCT) consists of all of the United Nations [[United Nations system|agencies, funds and programmes]] present in a country. Its activities are coordinated by a Resident Coordinator (RC). RCs can concurrently serve as Humanitarian Coordinator (HC) responsible for coordinating the activities of the [[humanitarian country team]]. In the context of countries in which a structurally-[[integrated mission]] (whether peacekeeping or political) is deployed, one of the [[mission structures|deputy heads of the mission]] concurrently serves as RC (and possibly also as HC). 

Following the implementation of the [[development system reform]], the Resident Coordinator System is now part of the United Nations Secretariat, and the work of RCs is coordiated by the [[Development Coordination Office]] (DCO).

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>United Nations system</title>
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    <text bytes="5123" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations system''' consists of the United Nations and related organizations. 

== Related concepts ==

The term '''agencies, funds and programmes''' is often used as a shorthand for the bureaucracies within the system other than the Secretariat. 

The '''common system''' is often used as a shorthand for the organizations within the United Nations system that adhere to the [[common system]] of salaries, benefits and allowances.

== Definitions ==

=== United Nations ===
The United Nations consists of the six Main Organs defined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]] and their subsidiary organs, which can include committees, operational agencies or organs with characteristics of both&lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;. For the purposes of this article, only the operational agencies are listed. 

==== Main bodies ====
* '''The General Assembly'''
* '''The Security Council''' 
* '''The Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC)
* '''The Trusteeship Council'''
* '''The International Court of Justice''' (ICJ)
* '''The Secretariat'''

==== Funds and programmes ====
The funds and programmes are subsidiary organs of the United Nations, under Article 7.2 of the Charter, and do not have separate juridical personality from the United Nations even if they are separately administered. 
* '''United Nations Development Programme''' (UNDP)
* '''United Nations Environment Programme''' (UNEP)
* '''United Nations Population Fund''' (UNFPA)
* '''United Nations Human Settlements Programme''' (UN-Habitat)
* '''United Nations Children's Fund''' (UNICEF)
* '''World Food Programme''' (WFP)
*: WFP is a joint programme of the United Nations and FAO. 

==== Other entities ====
A number of other entities are also considered subsidiary organs under Article 7.2 of the Charter.
* '''International Trade Centre''' (ITC)
*: The ITC is a joint subsidiary organ of the United Nations, via UNCTAD, and the World Trade Organization.
* '''United Nations Conference on Trade and Development''' (UNCTAD)
* '''Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees''' (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Office for Projects Services''' (UNOPS)
* '''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East''' (UNRWA) &lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women''' (UN-Women)

=== Specialized agencies ===
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC at the intergovernmental level and the Chief Executives Board (CEB) at the inter-Secretariat level, in line with articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. They are therefore not legally part of the United Nations, but are part of the broader United Nations system. 

* '''Food and Agriculture Organization''' (FAO)
* '''International Civil Aviation Organizatio'''n (ICAO)
* '''International Fund for Agricultural Development''' (IFAD)
* '''International Labour Organization''' (ILO)
* '''International Monetary Fund''' (IMF)&lt;ref&gt;The IMF is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Maritime Organization''' (IMO)
* '''International Telecommunication Union''' (ITU)
* '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (UNESCO)
* '''United Nations Industrial Development Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Tourism Organization''' (UNWTO)
* '''World Intellectual Property Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Meteorological Organization''' (WMO)
* '''World Bank Group'''&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank Group is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
** International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
** International Development Association (IDA)
** International Finance Corporation (IFC)

=== Related organizations ===
Related organizations are autonomous organizations with cooperation agreements with the United Nations. Although many are similar to the specialized agencies and may coordinate their work through the CEB, their cooperation agreements make no specific reference to articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 
* '''Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization''' (CTBTO Preparatory Commission)
* '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' (IAEA)
*: IAEA reports to the Security Council.
* ''' International Criminal Court''' (ICC)
* '''International Organization for Migration''' (IOM)
* '''International Seabed Authority''' (ISA)
* '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' (ITLOS)
* '''Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons''' (OPCW)
*: OPCW reports to the Security Council.
* '''World Trade Organization''' (WTO)

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Administration of justice]]
* [[United Nations country team]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5312" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations system''' consists of the United Nations and related organizations. 

== Related concepts ==

The term '''agencies, funds and programmes''' is often used as a shorthand for the operational agencies within the system other than the Secretariat. In addition to the funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, the colloquial use of this term also covers other entities such as UNHCR and related organizations such as IOM. 

The '''common system''' is often used as a shorthand for the organizations within the United Nations system that adhere to the [[common system]] of salaries, benefits and allowances.

== Definitions ==

=== United Nations ===
The United Nations consists of the six Main Organs defined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]] and their subsidiary organs, which can include committees, operational agencies or organs with characteristics of both&lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;. For the purposes of this article, only the operational agencies are listed. 

==== Main bodies ====
* '''The General Assembly'''
* '''The Security Council''' 
* '''The Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC)
* '''The Trusteeship Council'''
* '''The International Court of Justice''' (ICJ)
* '''The Secretariat'''

==== Funds and programmes ====
The funds and programmes are subsidiary organs of the United Nations, under Article 7.2 of the Charter, and do not have separate juridical personality from the United Nations even if they are separately administered. 
* '''United Nations Development Programme''' (UNDP)
* '''United Nations Environment Programme''' (UNEP)
* '''United Nations Population Fund''' (UNFPA)
* '''United Nations Human Settlements Programme''' (UN-Habitat)
* '''United Nations Children's Fund''' (UNICEF)
* '''World Food Programme''' (WFP)
*: WFP is a joint programme of the United Nations and FAO. 

==== Other entities ====
A number of other entities are also considered subsidiary organs under Article 7.2 of the Charter.
* '''International Trade Centre''' (ITC)
*: The ITC is a joint subsidiary organ of the United Nations, via UNCTAD, and the World Trade Organization.
* '''United Nations Conference on Trade and Development''' (UNCTAD)
* '''Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees''' (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Office for Projects Services''' (UNOPS)
* '''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East''' (UNRWA) &lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women''' (UN-Women)

=== Specialized agencies ===
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC at the intergovernmental level and the Chief Executives Board (CEB) at the inter-Secretariat level, in line with articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. They are therefore not legally part of the United Nations, but are part of the broader United Nations system. 

* '''Food and Agriculture Organization''' (FAO)
* '''International Civil Aviation Organizatio'''n (ICAO)
* '''International Fund for Agricultural Development''' (IFAD)
* '''International Labour Organization''' (ILO)
* '''International Monetary Fund''' (IMF)&lt;ref&gt;The IMF is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Maritime Organization''' (IMO)
* '''International Telecommunication Union''' (ITU)
* '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (UNESCO)
* '''United Nations Industrial Development Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Tourism Organization''' (UNWTO)
* '''World Intellectual Property Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Meteorological Organization''' (WMO)
* '''World Bank Group'''&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank Group is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
** International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
** International Development Association (IDA)
** International Finance Corporation (IFC)

=== Related organizations ===
Related organizations are autonomous organizations with cooperation agreements with the United Nations. Although many are similar to the specialized agencies and may coordinate their work through the CEB, their cooperation agreements make no specific reference to articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 
* '''Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization''' (CTBTO Preparatory Commission)
* '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' (IAEA)
*: IAEA reports to the Security Council.
* ''' International Criminal Court''' (ICC)
* '''International Organization for Migration''' (IOM)
* '''International Seabed Authority''' (ISA)
* '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' (ITLOS)
* '''Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons''' (OPCW)
*: OPCW reports to the Security Council.
* '''World Trade Organization''' (WTO)

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Administration of justice]]
* [[United Nations country team]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Human rights due diligence policy</title>
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    <text bytes="4223" xml:space="preserve">The '''human rights due diligence policy on United Nations support to non-United Nations security forces''' (HRDDP) is a Secretariat policy document, issued in October 2011, to ensure that all United Nations support to non-United Nations forces is consistent with the purposes and principles of the [[Charter]] and with its responsibility to respect, promote and encourage respect for international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law.

The text of the policy was communicated to Member States in a letter dated 25 February 2013 from the Secretary-General [https://undocs.org/A/67/775 '''A/67/775—S/2013/110'''].

== Scope ==

HRDDP applies to all United Nations entities providing support to non-United Nations security forces, including peacekeeping operations, [[special political missions]] and [[United Nations system|agencies, funds and programmes]]. 

'''Support within the scope of this policy includes:'''
* Training, mentoring, advisory services, capacity- and institution-building and other forms of technical cooperation for the purpose of enhancing the operational capabilities of non-United Nations security forces;
* Ad hoc or programmatic support to civilian or military authorities directly responsible for the management, administration or command and control of non-United Nations security forces;
* Financial support, including payment of salaries, bursaries, allowances and expenses, whatever the source of the funds;
* Strategic or tactical logistical support to operations in the field conducted by non-United Nations security forces;
* Operational support to action in the field conducted by non-United Nations security forces, including fire support, strategic or tactical planning; and
* Joint operations conducted by United Nations forces and non-United Nations security forces.

'''Activities outside of the scope of this policy include:'''
* Training or sensitization regarding international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law;
* Standard-setting (e.g. advice on and review of legislation, codes and policies) and capacity support directly related to the implementation and promotion of compliance with human rights laws and standards and to foster democratic governance of security institutions;
* Engagement to promote compliance with humanitarian, human rights and refugee law or to negotiate humanitarian access and carry out relief operations;
* Mediation and mediation-related support;
* Medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) and casualty evacuation (CASEVAC).

== Phases of implementation ==

At the outset, each United Nations entity is required to establish a procedure for intervention, implementation framework or standard operating procedure and an HRDDP monitoring mechanisms. At the [[United Nations country team]] level, HRDDP monitoring capacity for the [[United Nations system]] in-country should be identified. In addition, it is recommended that the UNCT conduct a mapping of existing/planned support to non-United Nations security forces in country and to conduct a general and preliminary risk assessment of all national security forces. &lt;ref&gt;Guidance note on HRDDP (October 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;

HRDDP implementation consists of four phases:
# '''Communication of the policy to national authorities and other external partners'''
# '''Risk assessment and, if relevant, mitigating measures'''
#: This is to be done before support is provided, and should take into account the human rights record of the intended recipients, accountability record, prevention mechanisms in place, national legislation or policy (e.g. shoot to kill policies) that may increase risk, feasibility of monitoring framework, the ability of the United Nations to influence and the risk of not providing support, risks inherent to the operation and risks inherent to the type of support envisaged.
# '''Monitoring'''
# '''Intervention when grave violations are committed'''

== See also ==
* [[Use of force]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

* [https://unsdg.un.org/resources/guidance-note-human-rights-due-diligence-policy-un-support-non-united-nations-security Guidance note on the HRDDP] (October 2015)

== References ==

[[Category:Mission support]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]]</text>
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  <title>Programme budget</title>
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    <text bytes="6104" xml:space="preserve">The '''programme budget''', or '''regular budget''', is the budget of the United Nations prepared by the Secretary-General in his capacity as chief administrative officer of the Organization&lt;ref&gt;Article 97 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt; and approved by the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;Article 17 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt;. It does not cover the expenses of large peacekeeping missions funded through [[peacekeeping financing|separate special accounts]]. The appropriation for the approved budget is apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]].

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library has an excellent guide to the programme budget and the many different documents and intergovernmental bodies involved in the budget process: [https://research.un.org/en/docs/budget '''UN Documentation: Regular Budget''']

== Budget period ==
The programme budget runs from 1 January to 31 December, unlike [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]], which run from 1 July to 30 June. 

The budget was originally produced and approved on an annual basis. In General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3043(XXVII) 3043 (XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, the General Assembly approved, "on an experimental basis" the move to a biennial (two-year) budget. The first biennial budget, covering calendar years 1974 and 1975, was approved in General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3199(XXVIII) 3199 (XXVIII)] of 18 December 1973. As part of the [[management reform]], the General Assembly approved "the proposed change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020", in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. 

== Budget process ==

The regulations and rules that govern the budget are the [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning]] and the [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]. 

Relevant reports on the current annual budget process:
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Budgetary procedures and practices
* [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(Introduction) A/75/6 (Introduction)] Proposed programme budget for 2021: Forward and introduction (see section A: Methodology and Format)

== Approved budgets ==

The approved annual budgets under the process approved in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 resolution 72/266A] are as follows:
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/6/Add.1 A/74/6/Add.1] Programme budget for 2020

== Approved levels ==

The basis of assessment for recent calendar years, reflecting the approved level of the budget and all add-ons, is reflected below. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || $3,084,608,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/264A-C 74/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1008 ST/ADM/SER.B/1008] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1009 ST/ADM/SER.B/1009] ||
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || $45 mil related to the capital master plan to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]; includes [[Scale of assessments#Assessments for Member States and non-Member States|list of budget resolutions]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Kuwait Joint Support Office</title>
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    <text bytes="1643" xml:space="preserve">The '''Kuwait Joint Support Office''' (KJSO) is a service centre located in Kuwait which provides remote back-office functions to the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI). 

In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/259 resolution 65/259], the General Assembly noted the intention of the Secretary-General to establish a support office in Kuwait for UNAMA and requested the Secretary-General to explore possibilities for cost-sharing between UNAMA and UNAMI. In 2012, the Secretary-General informed the Assembly that the envisaged Kuwait Joint Support Office would integrate UNAMA and UNAMI functions in finance and human resources and would also provide remote support to UNAMA in other areas such as conduct and discipline, audit, procurement, finance, information management, movement control, surface transportation, information and communications technology, budget and planning, geographic information systems and property survey and claims.&lt;ref&gt;A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 Estimates in respect of special political missions&lt;/ref&gt;. On this basis, KJSO was established in December 2012. 

Following the implementation of [[management reform]], KJSO—under the direction of the Department of Operational Support—has also been used to support other missions, including in performing residual finance and human resources transactions for MINUJUSTH during liquidation.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/532 A/74/532] Budget for the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti for the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Standard Cost and Ratio Manual</title>
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    <text bytes="4174" xml:space="preserve">The '''Standard Cost and Ratio Manual''' is a set of internal guidelines, originally established by the Field Budget and Finance Division of the [[Department of Field Support]], which provide guidance for the preparation of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] and [[special political missions|special political mission]] budgets. 

== Purpose ==

The Manual is a compilation of best practices and relevant instructions from the General Assembly. Although the element of the manual that receives the most attention from the General Assembly are the standard ratios and usage, the Manual also covers guidance on staffing as well as the costing of operational requirements and military and police personnel requirements. The standard ratios and usage cover the number of items (or monetary equivalent) per type of personnel and, for vehicles, costing considerations such as fuel usage, replacement criteria, spare parts allocation and insurance costs.&lt;ref&gt;Standard Cost and Ratio Manual, Version 2.0 (August 2016)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Standard ratios and usage ==

The standard ratios are not prescriptive. Each mission is assessed in its own right, using the ratio as the benchmark; where needed, plans are customized to address individual mission needs in line with the expected levels. For illustrative purposes, tables for information and communications technology and transport equipment from the 2016 edition of the Manual are reproduced below; as the ratios are periodically updated to reflect corporate initiatives, these are not necessarily the ratios currently in use.  

=== Distribution ratio for common ICT equipment ===

'''Civilian personnel, military observers, staff officers and individual police officers'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Equipment   !! Ratio !! Unit
|-
| Desktop or laptop  || 1:1 || Personnel
|- 
| Handheld portable radio || 1:1 || Personnel
|-
| Desktop printers   || 1:4 || Computers
|-
| Mobile radios (VHF) || 1:1 || Vehicles
|-
| Mobile radios (HF) || 1:1 || Operational vehicles regularly traveling outside VHF repeater range or vehicles utilized for road evacuation
|-
| Base station radios (VHF) || 2:1 || Per fixed geographic location if no mobile HF network exists, otherwise 1:1
|-
| Base station radios (HF) || 1:1 || Per fixed geogrphic location if mobile HF network exists
|}

'''Formed military and police units'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Equipment   !! Infantry battalion !! Standalone company !! Formed police unit !! Position or outpost
|-
| Telephone lines || 10 || 4 || 4 || 0
|-
| Telephone sets || 10 || 4 || 4 || 0
|-
| Handheld radios || 12 || 6 || 6 || 4
|-
| HF base station || 6 || 2 || 2 || 1
|-
| VHF/UHF base station || 6 || 2 || 2 || 0
|-
| HF mobile radio || 10 || 4 || 4 || 0
|-
| VHF/UHF mobile radio || 10 || 4 || 4 || 0
|-
| Mobile phone || 2 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| DC-DC converter || 10 || 4 || 4 || 0
|-
| Satellite phone || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
| Computing device || 10 || 4 || 4 || 0
|-
| Multi-function printer || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0
|}

=== Transport ratios ===

'''Light passenger vehicles'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[Categories of personnel|Personnel type]] !! Ratio personnel per vehicle
|-
| Head of mission, DRSRSG, D-2 (VIP vehicles) || 1.0
|-
| Senior mission management, D-1 || 1.0
|-
| Close protection officers || 2.0
|-
| International civilian personnel in substantive offices || 2.5
|-
| International civilian personnel in integrated support services || 2.5
|-
| International civilian personnel in administrative services || 4.5
|-
| United Nations Volunteers || 4.5
|-
| National Professional Officers || 4.5
|-
| Military observers || 2.5
|-
| Military staff officers || 4.5
|-
| Military police || 2.5
|-
| Individual police officers || 2.5
|-
| Contractors || as agreed in contract
|-
| Formed military and police units || as agreed in [[memorandum of understanding]]
|- 
| Driver testing vehicles || as required
|- 
| Local staff (minibus for commuting) || 8.0
|-
| Local staff (medium bus for commuting) || 24.0
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Budget terminology</title>
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    <text bytes="8084" xml:space="preserve">This is a guide to commonly-used '''terminology used in United Nations budget documents'''.

== Budgeting ==

'''Redeployment'''
: The transfer of funds between groups, classes or objects of expenditure by the Secretariat within an approved budget.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/a/66/5(vol.ii) A/66/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors, Volume II: United Nations peacekeeping operations (2010/11), paras 45-49 &lt;/ref&gt;

'''Vacancy rate'''
: The percentage of posts not filled during a budget period. Budgets are prepared on the basis of historical or projected vacancy rates. The vacancy rates actually used in the calculation of the approved resources are the budgeted rates approved by the General Assembly, usually on the basis of recommendations by the ACABQ. The actual vacancy rates for a financial period are reported in the associated budget performance report. Vacancy rates are calculated separately for national and international staff. 

'''Delayed deployment factor'''
: A factor, usually expressed in percentage terms, applied to the costs associated with military and police personnel to reflect expected delays in reaching the full planned strength during a budget period. 

'''Common staff costs'''
: The percentage of associated staff costs in relation to total net salary (net base salary plus post adjustment). Such costs include contribution to the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund, dependency allowance, education grant, home leave, language allowance, insurance, rental subsidy and staff rotation. 

'''Appropriation'''
: An authorization granted by a legislative body to allocate funds for purposes specified by the legislature or a similar authority. For the United Nations, appropriations are voted upon by the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ic/2013/36 ST/IC/2013/36] United Nations policy framework for International Public Sector Accounting Standards, Appendix II&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Apportionment'''
: The amount to be divided amongst Member States on the basis of the applicable [[scale of assessments]].

== Programme planning ==

The below definitions are drawn from the glossary of terms in Annex I of [https://undocs.org/A/54/456 A/54/456] Results-based budgeting.

'''Evaluation'''
: Determination of the relevance, effectiveness and impact of the outputs, projects, subprogrammes or programmes in the light of the objectives and expected accomplishments.

'''Expected accomplishment'''
: A desired outcome involving benefits to end-users, expressed as a quantitative or qualitative standard,  value or rate. Accomplishments are the direct consequence or effect of the generation of outputs, and lead to the fulfillment of a certain objective.

'''Inputs'''
: Personnel and other resources necessary for producing outputs and achieving accomplishments.

'''Monitoring'''
: Tracking and determining the actual delivery of an output in comparison with the commitments reflected  in the programme budget.

'''Objective'''
: An overall desired achievement, involving a process of change and aimed at meeting certain needs of identified end-users within a given period of time. Objectives can be met through the achievement of certain accomplishments.

'''Output'''
: Final  product  or  service  delivered  by  a  programme  or subprogramme to end-users.

'''Performance indicator'''
: A feature or characteristic used to measure whether and/or    the    extent    to    which    the    expected accomplishment  has  been  achieved.  Performance indicators correspond either directly or indirectly to the expected accomplishment for which they are used to measure performance.

'''Performance measurement'''
:   The   determination   of   realized   accomplishments   in comparison with expected accomplishments, based on data collected for performance indicators for a given period of time or at a certain reference date.

'''Results-based budgeting'''
: A  programme  budget  process  in  which:  (a)  programme ormulation revolves around a set of predefined objectives and    expected    accomplishments;    (b)    expected accomplishments justify the resource requirements which are  derived  from  and  linked  to  the  outputs  required  to achieve  such  accomplishments;  and  (c)  performance  in achieving   expected   accomplishments   is   measured   by performance indicators.

== Human resources ==

'''Post''' (fr: post)
: An authorization to employ a person, or a succession of persons, for the performance of work required by the Organization.&lt;ref&gt;ACC/1983/FB/1 Glossary of financial and budgetary terms by the CCAQ, May 1983&lt;/ref&gt; Once a post has been established by the General Assembly, it remains in existence until the General Assembly decides to abolish it. 

: ''Note: For the process for establishing posts funded under extrabudgetary resources, please see the article on [[extrabudgetary resources#Creation of posts|extrabudgetary resources]].''

'''Position''' (fr: poste temporaire)
: In [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] and [[special political missions|special political mission]] budgets, positions are understood to be temporary posts funded through general temporary assistance. Unlike posts, positions only last until the end of the financial period unless the General Assembly extends 

'''General temporary assistance'''
: In the [[regular budget]], general temporary assistance (GTA) funding is primarily used to meet exceptional and/or peak workload circumstances or for replacement of staff on maternity leave or sick leave.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/c.5/54/33 A/C.5/54/33] Use of general temporary assistance for specific positions&lt;/ref&gt; In peacekeeping and special political missions, GTA is used to finance temporary positions. 

'''Post establishment'''
: A new post is proposed to be established when additional resources are necessary and when it is not possible to redeploy resources from other offices or otherwise accommodate specific activities from within existing resources.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] Overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations, Annex II&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post reassignment'''
: An approved post that was intended to cover a certain function is proposed to implement other priority mandated activities unrelated to the original function. While a post reassignment may involve a change of location or office, it does not change the category or level of the post.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post redeployment'''
: An approved post is proposed to be redeployed to cover comparable or related functions in another office.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post reclassification'''
: An approved post is proposed to be reclassified (upgraded or downgraded) when the duties and responsibilities of the post have changed substantially. &lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post abolishment'''
: An approved post is proposed to be abolished if it is no longer needed to implement the activities for which it was approved or to implement other priority mandated activities within the mission.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Post conversion''' 
: Three possible options for post conversion are as follows: 
:* Conversion of general temporary assistance positions to posts: approved positions financed under general temporary assistance are proposed for conversion to posts if the functions being performed are of a continuing nature. 
:* Conversion of individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts to national staff posts: taking into account the continuing nature of certain functions, in line with section VIII, paragraph 11, of General Assembly resolution 59/296, individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts. 
:* Conversion of international staff posts to national staff posts: approved international staff posts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10393" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly decided to establish both as part of the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years. 

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Annual reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12221" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping missions''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping missions ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || '''African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur''' || '''UNAMID''' || 2007-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || '''MINUJUSTH''' || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200521233000|605">
  <title>United Nations Emergency Force</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="1747" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF)''', which was operational from November 1956 to June 1967, was the first armed United Nations peacekeeping mission. The plans and lessons-learned from UNEF on subjects such as [[consent]], [[force generation]] and [[reimbursement]] have influenced all subsequent peacekeeping operations. 

A second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II) was operational between October 1973 to July 1979.

== Mandate ==
UNEF was established by the General Assembly, acting under the [[Uniting for Peace]] resolution, in its resolutions 1000 (ES-I) and 1001 (ES-I), to secure and supervise the cessation of hostilities in the Suez.  

== Blue helmets ==
UNEF was the first mission in which blue helmets were used to be able to identify peacekeepers from other military forces in the area.&lt;ref&gt;Uruqhart, Brian. ''Ralph Bunche: An American Life.'' New York, W.W. Norton, p. 269. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Key documents ==
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/377(V) resolution 377 (V)] Uniting for Peace
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/997(ES-I) resolutions 997 (ES-I) and 998 (ES-I)]
* [https://undocs.org/A/3289 A/3289] First report on the plan for an emergency force
* [https://undocs.org/A/3302 A/3302] Second and final report on the plan for an emergency force
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1000(ES-I) resolutions 1000 (ES-I) and 1001 (ES-I)]
* [https://undocs.org/A/3375 A/3375] Report of the Secretary-General; includes as annex the aide-mémoire on the basis for presence and functioning of UNEF in Egypt 
* [https://undocs.org/A/3945 A/3945] Summary study of the experience derived from the establishment and operation of UNEF

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
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  <title>Sudan follow-on presence</title>
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    <text bytes="78" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan]]</text>
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  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
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    <text bytes="7651" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Includes AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
=== Financing ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations

=== Cooperation with the AU ===
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[UNOAU]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7794" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
=== Financing ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations

=== Cooperation with the AU ===
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[UNOAU]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8776" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
=== Financing ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General

=== Cooperation with the AU ===
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[United Nations Office to the African Union]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) Resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
    <sha1>6c547b58f1d4422361367ffb4e31e2bb95f5b7bb</sha1>
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    <id>642</id>
    <parentid>641</parentid>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Key documents */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8515" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) Resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <id>644</id>
    <parentid>642</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T16:31:54Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Key documents */ Added reference to S/2008/186</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8732" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) Resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) Resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) Resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) Resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) Resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) Resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>648</id>
    <parentid>644</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-12T15:32:16Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>Reordered page sections</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8851" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>United Nations Office to the African Union</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The  '''United Nations Office to the African Union''' (UNOAU), located in Addis Ababa, was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/288 resolution 64/288]..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="2131" xml:space="preserve">The  '''United Nations Office to the African Union''' (UNOAU), located in Addis Ababa, was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/288 resolution 64/288] to strengthen coordination and cooperation with the African Union. 

UNOAU was formed from the merger of what were previously four standalone entities in Addis Ababa&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union&lt;/ref&gt;, namely:
* United Nations Liaison Office
* African Union Peace and Support Team 
* United Nations Planning Team for the African Union Mission in Somalia
* The administrative functions of the Joint Support and Coordination Mechanism of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

UNOAU is headed by Special Representative of the Secretary-General, at the level of Under-Secretary-General. The current structure of the Office was approved by the General Assembly in its resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/270 71/270] following a review of the Office and its functioning completed in 2016&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Key documents ==
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[United Nations Office to the African Union]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

Other relevant reports:
* [https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] ''Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union'' (Proposed establishment of UNOAU)
* [https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] ''Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General''

== See also ==
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7495" xml:space="preserve">Many United Nations bodies take decisions by '''consensus''', i.e. without a vote. As noted in a 2005 legal opinion, "consensus is considered as the absence of objection rather than a particular majority"&lt;ref&gt;Note to the President of the General Assembly regarding voting procedures on a resolution related to the equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council, 14 July 2005. United Nations Juridical Yearbook 2005, page 457&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Fifth Committee ==
In the mid-1980s, United States legislation generally referred to as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment required the reduction of the United States contribution to the regular budget to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process.&lt;ref&gt;[http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/99/93.pdf Public Law No. 99-93, Section 143] Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987, August 16, 1985.&lt;/ref&gt; In response, The General Assembly adopted resolution 40/237 of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49 A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213] of 19 December 1986, which introduced the current "broadest possible agreement" standard (which, in practice, generally results in consensus-based decision-making) in the [[Fifth Committee]] through the following operative paragraph:

&lt;blockquote&gt;7. ''Considers it desirable'' that the Fifth Committee, before submitting its recommendations on the outline of the [[programme budget]] to the General Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Charter and the rules of procedure of the Assembly, should continue to make all possible efforts with a view to establishing the broadest possible agreement;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although this decision only originally covered negotiations over the budget outline, it was soon expanded to become the standard practice of the Fifth Committee on decisions other than elections, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] of 23 December 1994:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Reaffirming'' the role of the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly with regard to budgetary and financial matters and the importance of making every effort to establish the broadest possible agreement in accordance with the practice established in the Fifth Committee and in conformity with Assembly resolution 41/213 of 19 December 1986,&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Routine votes ===
Despite the general practice of consensus-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee, the actual decision-making standard set by resolution 41/213 is "the broadest possible agreement" and therefore voting is possible but uncommon. There are, however, a number of annual resolutions for which voting has become routine, namely:
* '''Financing of UNDOF'''
: Since 2018, Syria has proposed an oral amendment related to civilian posts approved in the mission staffing table. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].
* '''Financing of UNIFIL'''
: Annual G77 draft resolution with paragraphs stressing “that Israel shall pay the amount of  1,117,005  dollars  resulting  from  the  incident at Qana on 18 April 1996” and recalling previous resolutions on this matter, to which Israel proposes an amendment deleting the relevant paragraphs, on which a vote is requested by the Chair of the G77. Prior to the 73rd session, a vote would also be called on the draft resolution as a whole.
* '''Estimates in respect of special political missions'''
: Annual oral amendment proposed from the floor by Cuba and supported by delegations such as Iran, Nicaragua and Syria, proposing deletion of references to the concept of responsibility to protect and the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Responsibility to protect. A vote on the oral amendment is generally requested by a member of the [[Fifth Committee#Major Financial Contributors|like-minded group]].

=== Exceptions ===
There have been a number of contentious issues for which no consensus could be reached, including:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Agenda item !! Issue
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/268B 73/268B] || 3 July 2019 || Board of Auditors || G77 and Russia opposed a number of BoA recommendations prompted submission of an L-document requesting SG not to implement those recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/73/671/Add.1 A/73/671/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 67 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/243 67/243] || 24 December 2012 || Financing of ICTY || Russia raised concerns about financing parameters for ICTY&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/675 A/67/675]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/257 66/257] || 9 April 2012 || Accountability || G77 opposed reforms under the Change Management initiative&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/638/add.1 66/638/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] || 24 December 2009 || [[Scale of assessments]] || Russia proposal alternative set of rates for regular budget scale&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/482/Add.1 A/64/482/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/260 60/260] || 8 May 2006 || Reform || G77 tabled L-document to block reforms proposed in SG report [https://undocs.org/A/60/692 A/60/692]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/831 A/60/831]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Negotiation tactic ===

In addition to the above cases, L-documents have also occasionally been tabled as a negotiation tactic (i.e. a threat of a vote), usually by the G77, in order to force concessions, usually from the Partners/Like-Minded Group. The following is a non-exhaustive list of recent examples. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! L-document !! Date !! Agenda item !! Sponsor !! Issue
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/L.6 A/C.5/73/L.6] || 20 December 2018 || [[Scale of assessments]] || Egypt, on behalf of the G77 || 
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/L.7 A/C.5/73/L.7] || 20 December 2018 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]] || Egypt, on behalf of the G77 ||
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/L.11 A/C.5/69/L.11] || 23 December 2014 || [[Programme budget|First performance report]] || Bolivia, on behalf of the G77 ||
|-
| 63 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/L.9 A/C.5/63/L.9] || 22 December 2008 || Development-related activities || Antigua and Barbuda, on behalf of the G77 ||
|}

== Committee for Programme and Coordination ==
The legal basis for consensus-based decision-making in the [[CPC]] is also [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;6. ''Agrees'' that…the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination should continue its existing practice of reaching decisions by consensus; explanatory views, if any, shall be presented to the General Assembly;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations ==
The longstanding practice of the [[C34]] is to take decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations: Summary record of the first meeting, Friday, 26 March 1965&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]

== References ==

[[category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7165" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' 

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

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    <text bytes="7232" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200521233000|605">
  <title>Article 19</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>74</id>
  <revision>
    <id>650</id>
    <parentid>525</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-15T21:43:00Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */ Reflected CAR payments for UNGA 74</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8831" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200521233000|605">
  <title>Resident coordinator system</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>143</id>
  <revision>
    <id>651</id>
    <parentid>466</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-17T13:19:19Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <text bytes="2965" xml:space="preserve">The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the resident coordinator system. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

== Structure ==
The resident coordinator system consists of global, regional and country-level coordination structures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''
** Individual [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]

== Financing ==

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of [[official development assistance]] (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

== ECOSOC reports ==
An annual report on the work and functioning of the Development Coordination Office is submitted by the Chair of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (the Deputy Secretary-General) to ECOSOC. 

* [https://undocs.org/E/2019/62 E/2019/62] Development Coordination Office (April 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] Development Coordination Office (March 2020)

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200521233000|605">
  <title>Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>84</id>
  <revision>
    <id>653</id>
    <parentid>452</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-23T23:12:04Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Added resolution 74/277</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="17164" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis since 1965. These reports generally relate to the work of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], or C34. 

== List of resolutions ==

The following table lists resolutions titled "Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects". Note that the shorthand "C34" is used in this table to refer to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, even though the Committee was not known as such until after it reached 34 members in the late 1980s. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|- 
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/277 74/277] || 18 Jun 2019  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19]; adopted virtually due to COVID-19
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/293 73/293] || 20 May 2019  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19]
|- 
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/304 72/304] || 13 July 2018 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19]
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/314 71/314] || 19 July 2017 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19]
|- 
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/268 70/268] || 14 June 2016 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19]
|- 
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/287 69/287] || 8 June 2015  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19]
|- 
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/277 68/277] || 16 June 2014 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]
|- 
| 67 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/301 67/301] || 16 September 2013 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]
|- 
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/297 66/297] || 17 September 2012  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19]
|- 
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/65/310 65/310] || 19 July 2011 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19]
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/266 64/266] || 21 May 2010 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19]
|-
| 63 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/280 63/280] || 8 May 2009 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(supp) A/63/19]
|-
| 62 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/273 62/273] || 11 September 2008 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) A/62/19]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267B 61/267B] || 24 July 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session on 11 June 2007 to consider the revised draft model [[memorandum of understanding]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part III]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/291 61/291] || 24 July 2007 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267 61/267] || 16 May 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a second resumed session in 2006 on 18 December.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/289 60/289] || 8 September 2006 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 26-27 June to consider the [[sexual exploitation and abuse|victims assistance strategy]] and model [[memorandum of understanding]].''&lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/263 60/263] || 6 June 2006 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/300 59/300] || 22 June 2005 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 4-8 April to consider the [[Zeid report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of the C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/281 59/281] || 29 March 2005 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/58/315 58/315] || 1 July 2004 || ''Note: this was the first year that the C-34 report was issued under the reserved document number '19'.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(supp) A/58/19]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57/336 57/336] || 18 June 2003 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767]
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225B 56/225B] || 22 May 2002 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863]
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/241 56/241] || 24 December 2001 || ''Note: This was a [[Fifth Committee]] resolution related to resource requirements associated with implementation of the recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]].''&lt;br /&gt;Took note of the statement of financial implications of draft resolution [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/L.23 A/C.4/55/L.23] ([https://undocs.org/a/res/56/225 56/225A]) [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46 A/C.5/55/46], [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/add.1 Add.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved an additional 7 posts in the regular budget and 121 posts under the support account
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225 56/225A] || 24 December 2001 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/corr.1 Corr.1] 
|-
| 55 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/135 55/135] || 8 December 2000 || ''Note: The C34 convened in an extraordinary session to consider the [[Brahimi report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81B 54/81B] || 25 May 2000 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81 54/81A] || 6 December 1999 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87]
|-
| 53 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/53/58 53/58] || 3 December 1998 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127]
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/69 52/69] || 10 December 1997 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/52/209 A/52/209]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/RES/51/136 51/136] || 13 December 1996 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/51/130 A/51/130] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/130/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Expanded membership of the C34 to past and present personnel contributors and observers during the 1996 session; &lt;br /&gt;Decided that membership should be open to Member States who become personnel contributors or who participate as observers for three years
|-
| 50 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/50/30 50/30] || 6 December 1995 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/50/230 A/50/230]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/49/37 49/37] || 9 December 1994 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/49/136 A/49/136]; &lt;br /&gt;Confirmed that a peacekeeping operation should be under the operational control of the UN and that the appropriate channel for raising national concerns is through Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of proposals of the Secretary-General on rationalization of the budgetary process [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/403 A/48/403] and on planning, budgeting and administration of peacekeeping operations [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed creation of Policy and Analysis Unit and Planning Division within DPKO;&lt;br /&gt;Welcomed adoption of the Convention on the Safety of UN and Associated Personnel (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/49/59 resolution 49/59])
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/42 48/42] || 10 December 1993 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/48/173 A/48/173]; &lt;br /&gt;Noted with appreciation establishment of a stand-by forces planning team; &lt;br /&gt;Requested Secretariat to develop guidelines concerning the disposition of UN equipment upon termination of a peacekeeping operation; &lt;br /&gt;Noted report [https://undocs.org/a/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/503/add.1 Add.1] on improving the [[financial situation of the United Nations]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of the transfer of the [[Department of Field Support|Field Operations Division]] from the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]] to [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment in DPKO of a 24/7 situation centre; &lt;br /&gt;Noted the importance of concluding [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] between the UN and troop contributors before deployment; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of a focal point for peacekeeping training in DPKO; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized importance of public information and called for significant enhancement of the rpess and public information function for peacekeeping missions; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that any State in whose territory a UN peacekeeping operation is conducted should act promptly to deter and prosecute those responsible for attacks and other acts of violence against UN personnel; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/48/349 A/48/349] on measures and proposals to ensure and enhance security of UN operations
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/71 47/71] || 14 December 1992 || Took note of C34 reports [https://undocs.org/a/47/253 A/47/253] and [https://undocs.org/a/47/386 A/47/386] (Special report on An Agenda for Peace); &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need for the UN to be given resources commensurate with its growing responsibilities in peacekeeping, particularly with reference to resources needed for start-up phases; &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need to delegated increased financial and administrative authority to FCs and SRSGs to increase missions' capacity to adjust to new situations and specific requirements; &lt;br /&gt;Encourages consideration of the establishment of a [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund|reserve fund]] to improve start-up financing of peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Acknowledged the competence of the General Assembly for appropriation and apportionment, and the importance of the Security Council being informed of cost implications; &lt;br /&gt;Emphasized importance of making a clear distinction between peacekeeping operations and assistance from the specialized agencies and departments of the UN not an integral part of the operation; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the creation of [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the decision to appoint a Senior Police Adviser; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of report [https://undocs.org/a/47/604 A/47/604] on the feasibility of establishing an annual peacekeeping fellowship programme for national peacekeeping trainers; &lt;br /&gt;Invited the SG to review, with a view to streamlining procedures and enhancing effectiveness, the applicable financial and administrative regulations concerning peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 A/47/277] of the Secretary-General on strengthening the capacity of the UN for preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping ([[An Agenda for Peace]])
|-
| 46 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/48 46/48] || 9 December 1991 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/46/254 A/46/254]; &lt;br /&gt; Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/45/502 A/45/502] on use of civilian personnel in peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/46/169 A/46/169] and [https://undocs.org/a/46/169/add.1 Add.1] on Secretariat units dealing with peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Considered it important to study financial questions seriously, particularly at the planning stage, to ensure the most cost-effective and efficient conduct of operations and strict control of expenditures; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of possibility of holding inter-sessional open-ended informal consultations to have an exchange of views and to receive briefings from the Secretariat; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized that peacekeeping operations are an evolving concept calling for increased attention and ongoing evaluation by Member States
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/75 45/75] || 11 December 1990 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/45/330 A/45/330]; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that the composition of UN peacekeeping operations should be on a wide geographical basis, while the composition of each operation would be consistent with particular requirements thereof
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/49 44/49] || 8 December 1989 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/44/301 A/44/301]; &lt;br /&gt;Encouraged Member States to establish national peacekeeping training programmes and the Secretariat to prepare training materials; &lt;br /&gt;Urged host countries to conclude [[status of forces agreement|status of forces agreements]] and requested Secretariat to prepare a model SOFA; &lt;br /&gt;Decided to allow participation of observers in the C34
|-
| 43 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/59 43/59] || 6 December 1988 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/43/566 A/43/566]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved request of the PRC to join the C34, bringing membership to 34
|-
| 42 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/161 42/161] || 8 December 1987 || No C34 report
|-
| 41 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/41/67 41/67] || 3 December 1986 || No C34 report
|-
| 40 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/40/163 40/163] || 16 December 1985 || No C34 report
|-
| 39 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/39/97 39/97] || 14 December 1984 || No C34 report
|-
| 38 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/38/81 38/81] || 15 December 1983 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/38/381 A/38/381]; &lt;br /&gt;Expressed conviction that peacekeeping operations are an essential function of the UN, though not a substitute for the peaceful settlement of disputes and therefore of a temporary nature
|-
| 37 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/37/93 37/93] || 10 December 1982 || No C34 report
|-
| 36 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/36/37 36/37] || 18 November 1981 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/36/469 A/36/469]
|-
| 35 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/35/121 35/121] || 11 December 1980 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/35/532 A/35/532]
|-
| 34 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/53 34/53] || 23 November 1979 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/34/592 A/34/592]
|-
| 33 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/33/114 33/114] || 18 December 1978 || No substantive C34 report; &lt;br /&gt;Invited Member States to submit information about national peacekeeping training programmes and standby capacities to the C34
|-
| 32 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/32/106 32/106] || 15 December 1977 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/32/394 A/32/394]
|-
| 31 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/31/105 31/105] || 15 December 1976 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/31/337 A/31/337]
|-
| 30 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3457(XXX) 3457(XXX)] || 10 December 1975 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/10366 A/10366]
|-
| 29 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3239(XXIX) 3239(XXIX)] || 29 November 1974 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9827 A/9827]
|-
| 28 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3091(XXVIII) 3091(XXVIII)] || 7 December 1973 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9236 A/9236]
|-
| 27 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2965(XXVII) 2965(XXVII)] || 13 December 1972 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/8888 A/8888]
|-
| 26 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2835(XXVI) 2835(XXVI)] || 18 December 1971 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/8550 A/8550]
|-
| 25 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2670(XXV) 2670(XXV)] || 8 December 1970 || Took note of C34 [https://undocs.org/A/8081 A/8081]
|-
| 24 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2576(XXIV) 2576(XXIV)] || 15 December 1969 || Received and examined C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/7742 A/7742]
|-
| 23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2451(XXIII) 2451(XXIII)] || 19 December 1968 || Received and examined C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/7131 A/7131] and [https://undocs.org/a/7396 A/7396]
|-
| 22 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2308(XXII) 2308(XXII)] || 13 December 1967 || 
|-
| S-V || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2249(S-V) 2249(S-V)] || 23 May 1967 || Requested C34 to consider (a) methods of financing future peacekeeping operations and (b) voluntary in-kind contributions to peacekeeping operations
|-
| 21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2220(XXI) 2220(XXI)] || 19 December 1966 || Referred C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/6603 A/6603] to the fifth special session of the GA
|-
| 20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2053(XX) 2053(XX)] || 15 December 1965 || Noted C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/5915 A/5915] and [https://undocs.org/A/5915/Add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5916]
|-
| 19 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2006(XIX) 2006(XIX)] || 18 February 1965 || Authorized the establishment of the C34
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]
* [[Special political missions#Comprehensive_review_of_special_political_missions|Comprehensive review of special political missions]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions|Cross-cutting issues]] ([[Fifth Committee]] resolution)

== References ==

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="8022" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA initial approved total !! GA initial approved summary !! GA final approved total !! GA final approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || 6,775,063,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt; || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || ||  || 
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || ||  || 
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || ||  || 
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Procurement authority and responsibility (Financial Regulations and Rules)</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Delegation of authority instrument */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="12685" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Financial Regulations and Rules]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Utilization of funds (Financial Regulations and Rules)|V. Utilization of funds]]''' &gt;&gt; '''[[Procurement (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Procurement]]''' &gt;&gt; '''Authority and responsibility'''

== Text ==
=== Authority and responsibility ===
: '''Rule 105.13'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
:(a) The Secretary-General is responsible for the procurement functions of the United Nations, shall establish all United Nations procurement systems and shall designate the officials responsible for performing procurement functions.

:(b) The Secretary-General shall establish review committees, at Headquarters and other locations, to render written advice to him or her on procurement actions leading to the award or amendment of procurement contracts, which, for purposes of these Regulations and Rules, includes agreements or other written instruments such as purchase orders and contracts that involve income to the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall establish the composition and the terms of reference of such committees, which shall include the types and monetary values of proposed procurement actions subject to review.

:(c) Where the advice of a review committee is required, no final action leading to the award or amendment of a procurement contract may be taken before such advice is received. In cases where the Secretary-General decides not to accept the advice of such a review committee, he or she shall record in writing the reasons for that decision.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Associated guidance ==
=== Procurement manual ===
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=215 Chapter 2: Organisation, Responsibilities and Functions of Procurement Offices]
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=27 Chapter 3: Delegation of Procurement Authority]
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/sites/www.un.org.Depts.ptd/files/files/attachment/page/pdf/pm.pdf#page=215 Chapter 12: Functions of, and Review by, the Headquarters Committee on Contracts and Local Committees on Contracts]

== Delegation of authority ==
Authority and responsibility for procurement is delegated '''to heads of entity''' under the standard delegation of authority reflected in Annex I of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]

=== Delegation of authority instrument ===
As indicated in the delegation of authority instrument:
: '''Authority and responsibility'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;1. As head of entity you are delegated the authorities set forth below for procurement under the Financial Regulations and Rules. This delegation to procure on behalf of the United Nations is granted with respect to your current function and must be exercised only by the authorities and at thresholds prescribed in the attached Delegation of Procurement Authority (Annex A) and Document Processing and Approval Matrix ([https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/policy/AnnexB_ProcessingMatrix Annex B]), as revised from time to time.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''I. Scope of this Delegation'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
2. Heads of entity are delegated the authority to enter into contracts up to the prescribed financial limits, based on their current function (role, level and entity), as detailed in Annex A, involving commitments to a single contractor for unrelated requirements based on the cumulative value of the requirement. The exercise of this delegation must be in accordance with the Document Processing and Approval Matrix (Annex B). 

3. The Under-Secretary-General, Department of Operational Support is delegated the authority to make decisions regarding any procurement actions and activities not specifically delegated to heads of entity.

4. Heads of entity shall seek authority to commence procurement action for Strategic Goods and Services (as defined under https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/policy/StrategicCommodities) regardless of the value or basis of award including all exceptions to formal methods of solicitation, from the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support1 through a Local Procurement Authority (LPA).

5. In addition, approval to commence any procurement action under [[Exceptions to the use of formal methods of solicitation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Financial Rules 105.16 (a) (i) - (x)]] and [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17 (a)]] exceeding the head of entity’s delegated authority specified in Annex A, is to be received in writing from the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, prior to commencing procurement action. Consistent with the principle of [[mutual recognition]], review by a Committee on Contracts is not required when the procurement action is the result of cooperation pursuant to [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17 (a)]].

6. If approval to commence procurement action under the Financial Rules referenced in paragraph 5 or an LPA is obtained for the Strategic Goods and Services, the thresholds in the attached Annex A and Annex B shall apply with regards to the review/approval of the proposed contract.

'''''Ex post facto procurement'''''

7. Heads of entity must avoid entering into ex post facto cases unless the situation is exigent as defined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/54/49%5BVOL.III%5D(SUPP) decision 54/468]. An “ex post facto” case is one where deliverables have already been either fully or partially furnished prior to the review and approval to enter into contract by the appropriate authority. Should the contract include optional contract extension(s), such extension(s) must be submitted for approval to the appropriate authority prior to further committing the Organization. Against the background of [[General provisions (Financial Regulations and Rules)|Financial Rule 101.2]], heads of entity shall be aware and remind all officials involved in the acquisition process under their authority that failure to abide with proper vetting and approval procedures demonstrates a disregard for the Financial Regulations and Rules. Ex post facto cases can be avoided through adequate internal controls, proper planning and timely action by end users, requisitioners, contract managers, certifying offices and procurement staff.

'''''Authority to sub-delegate'''''

8. Any sub-delegation must be to qualified&lt;ref&gt;To be considered “qualified” in the context of this delegation instrument completion of relevant procurement training (https://procuretrainingcampus.dfs.un.org/login/index.php) is required in addition to meeting requirements in the relevant classified job descriptions. As of 1 January 2021, all procurement officials (excluding the Director/Chief of Mission Support/Administration or equivalent) will be required to be professionally certified by an internationally recognized procurement certification authority (such as CIPS or equivalent) to the required level as authorized by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support.&lt;/ref&gt; staff only and in accordance with Annex A and Annex B, unless otherwise authorized in writing in advance by the Secretary-General or his/her designated representative. It is important to ensure proper segregation of duties and to avoid any conflict of interest.

9. To exercise this delegation, the head of entity must have sufficient procurement capacity and infrastructure, which includes the following, or access to the following (from another UN Secretariat entity for example): bid receiving and safeguarding; a Tender Opening Committee; a Local Committee on Contracts; and sufficient procurement capacity i.e. a minimum of two fully dedicated, trained and qualified UN procurement officials of which at least one staff shall be a Procurement Officer (minimum P3 or FS6 level), unless otherwise agreed to in writing in advance by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support.

10. Procurement Officers must be technically cleared by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support prior to selection.

11. The mandatory UN procurement training must be completed by all officials prior to their acceptance of a sub-delegation. It is the responsibility of each official to also complete all required Umoja training prior to being granted access to Umoja.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''II. Establishment of Local Committee on Contracts (LCC)'''

&lt;blockquote&gt;12. The provisions of the [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2011/8 ST/AI/2011/8], as amended or superseded, shall apply fully to the present delegation and any resulting sub-delegations and includes the requirement for the head of entity to establish an LCC if that entity will undertake procurement action. At the discretion of the head of entity, they may authorize the D/CMS, D/CoA or equivalent to establish an LCC on their behalf. All cases above the Chief Procurement Officer’s authority will be subject to the review of either the LCC or the Headquarters Committee on Contracts (HCC) as specified in Annex B. All cases shall be submitted and processed only via the official online system as designated or otherwise authorized by the Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''III. Procurement Support by Other UN Secretariat Entities'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;13. If sufficient procurement capacity/infrastructure, does not exist in an entity, and another entity (procuring agent) has been approved by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, to undertake procurement on the entity’s behalf the procuring agent will undertake the procurement activity and approve entry into contract based on their own delegated authority, unless otherwise determined by the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support. 

14. Cooperation with any entity outside of the Secretariat within the UN system is subject to approval under Financial Rule [[Exceptions to the use of formal methods of solicitation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.16 (a)(iii)]] and [[Cooperation (Financial Regulations and Rules)|105.17(a)]] as detailed in Annex A and Annex B, provided that the regulations and rules of those entities are consistent with those of the United Nations and that their established procurement process is followed when procuring for the Secretariat entity.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

: '''IV. Monitoring and Reporting'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
15. You are required to submit the following reports as specified: [https://iseek.un.org/delegation-authority-reporting-requirements link] (login required)

16. The Under-Secretary-General for Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance will monitor the functioning of the review committees on contracts.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Delegation thresholds ===

: '''Department of Operational Support''' 

The Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support has been delegated unlimited procurement authority. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Level !! Maximum sub-delegation 
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General for Supply Chain Management || Unlimited 
|-
| Director, Procurement Division (DOS/OSCM) || up to US$1,000,000 
|-
| D-1 || up to US$750,000 
|-
| P-5 Procurement Officer || up to US$500,000 
|-
| P-4 Procurement Officer || up to US$300,000  
|-
| P-3 Procurement Officer || up to US$100,000  
|-
| P-2 Procurement Officer || up to US$70,000 
|-
| P-1/G-7 Procurement Officer || up to US$50,000  
|-
| G-6 Procurement Assistant || up to US$25,000 
|-
| G-5 Procurement Assistant || up to US$15,000  
|}

: '''All other entities'''

The standard delegation to heads of entity includes unlimited procurement authority. However, strategic goods and services are subject to advance Local Procurement Authority approval.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Level !! Maximum sub-delegation 
|-
| Director/Chief of Mission Support, Director/Chief of Administration or equivalent || Unlimited
|-
| P-5 Procurement Officer || up to US$250,000 
|-
| P-4/FS-7/NO-D Procurement Officer || up to US$150,000
|-
| P-3/FS-6/NO-C Procurement Officer || up to US$100,000  
|-
| P-2/NO-B Procurement Officer || up to US$70,000 
|-
| P-1/NO-A/FS-5/G-7 Procurement Officer || up to US$50,000  
|-
| FS-4/G-6 Procurement Assistant || up to US$25,000 
|-
| FS-3/G-5 Procurement Assistant || up to US$15,000  
|}

== History ==

Rule 105.13 was amended by the Secretary-General in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/AMEND.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1] to remove references to the Under-Secretary-General for Management to reflect the management architecture and delegation of authority framework established on 1 January 2019 as part of the [[management reform]]. 

== References ==

[[Category: Policy Compendium]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Development system reform</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="3704" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of [[United Nations country team|UN country teams]]''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A [[Development Coordination Office|'''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator system''']] with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Implementation of resolution 71/243 on QCPR; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62]
| ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] of 8 July 2019
| Report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]
* [[Mutual recognition]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3986" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of [[United Nations country team|UN country teams]]''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A [[Development Coordination Office|'''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator system''']] with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|}

== Reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || QCPR report; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/79 A/75/79—E/2020/55] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || QCPR report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || Development Coordination Office
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]
* [[Mutual recognition]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>United Nations country team</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="1286" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations country team''' (UNCT) consists of all of the United Nations [[United Nations system|agencies, funds and programmes]] present in a country. Its activities are coordinated by a Resident Coordinator (RC). RCs can concurrently serve as Humanitarian Coordinator (HC) responsible for coordinating the activities of the [[humanitarian country team]]. In the context of countries in which a structurally-[[integrated mission]] (whether peacekeeping or political) is deployed, one of the [[mission structures|deputy heads of the mission]] concurrently serves as RC (and possibly also as HC). 

Following the implementation of the [[development system reform]], the Resident Coordinator System is now part of the United Nations Secretariat, and the work of RCs is coordinated by the [[Development Coordination Office]] (DCO). Further work is being undertaken to establish common business services and back-office functions by 2022, enabled by [[mutual recognition]], and to ensure more strategic utilization of common premises, with a target of 50 per cent by 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684-E/20187], paragraphs 43-49&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Mutual recognition</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''Mutual recognition''' is the acceptance by one [[United Nations system]] organization of the policies and procedures of another. It will be the basis for the establishment..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="3614" xml:space="preserve">'''Mutual recognition''' is the acceptance by one [[United Nations system]] organization of the policies and procedures of another. It will be the basis for the establishment of common business services and back-office functions for the revamped [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]] under the [[development system reform]]. As stated in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243]:
&lt;blockquote&gt;entities within the United Nations development system should operate according to the principle of mutual recognition of best practices in terms of policies and procedures, with the aim of facilitating active collaboration across agencies and reducing transaction costs for Governments and collaborating agencies;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Mutual recognition statement ==

In November 2018, a mutual recognition statement was finalized committing signatory organizations to apply, to the greatest extent possible, mutual recognition in the areas of finance, human resources, procurement, logistics, information and communications technology and facility services. As indicated in the statement, signatory organizations are to:

# Maintain sounnd financial management and internal control systems to ensure that funds are used for the purposes intended with due attention to considerations of efficiency and effectiveness;
# Subject their financial and administrative management systems to internal and external auditing arrangements in line with internationally accepted standards;
# Reaffirm their commitment to the single-audit principle;
# Ensure that appropriate mechanisms are in place to significantly mitigate the risk of fraud and corruption and to address allegations and proven instances of fraud and corruption; and
# Undertake appropriate measures, including capacity strengthening, to mitigate risks posed by any weakness identified in their financial and administrative management systems and arrangements.

== Signatories ==

As of April 2019, the following organizations are signatories:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Organization !! Individual !! Date
|-
| United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || Filippo Grandi, High Commissioner || 05 November 2018
|-
| World Food Programme || David Beasley, Executive Director || 05 November 2018
|-
| United Nations Development Programme || Achim Steiner, Administrator || 08 November 2018 
|-
| United Nations Population Fund || Natalia Kanem, Executive Director || 12 November 2018
|-
| United Nations || Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General || 30 November 2018
|-
| United Nations Children's Fund || Henrietta Fore, Executive Director || 6 November 2018
|- 
| International Labour Organization || Guy Ryder, Director-General || 11 December 2018
|-
| United Nations Office for Project Services || Grete Faremo, Executive Director || 12 January 2019
|-
| World Health Organization || Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General || 20 December 2018
|-
| International Organization for Migration || Antonio Vittorino, Director-General || 15 January 2019
|-
| International Telecommunications Union || Houlin Zhao, Secretary-General || 16 January 2019
|-
| Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS || Michel Sidibe, Executive Director || 15 February 2019
|-
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization || Audrey Azoulay, Director-General || 12 March 2019
|-
|  United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women || Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director || 29 March 2019  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]

[[Category: Legal]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4251" xml:space="preserve">'''Mutual recognition''' is the acceptance by one [[United Nations system]] organization of the policies and procedures of another. It will be the basis for the establishment of common business services and back-office functions for the revamped [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]] under the [[development system reform]]. As stated in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243]:
&lt;blockquote&gt;entities within the United Nations development system should operate according to the principle of mutual recognition of best practices in terms of policies and procedures, with the aim of facilitating active collaboration across agencies and reducing transaction costs for Governments and collaborating agencies;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Mutual recognition statement ==

In November 2018, a mutual recognition statement was finalized committing signatory organizations to apply, to the greatest extent possible, mutual recognition in the areas of finance, human resources, procurement, logistics, information and communications technology and facility services. As indicated in the statement, signatory organizations are to:

# Maintain sounnd financial management and internal control systems to ensure that funds are used for the purposes intended with due attention to considerations of efficiency and effectiveness;
# Subject their financial and administrative management systems to internal and external auditing arrangements in line with internationally accepted standards;
# Reaffirm their commitment to the single-audit principle;
# Ensure that appropriate mechanisms are in place to significantly mitigate the risk of fraud and corruption and to address allegations and proven instances of fraud and corruption; and
# Undertake appropriate measures, including capacity strengthening, to mitigate risks posed by any weakness identified in their financial and administrative management systems and arrangements.

== Signatories ==

As of June 2020, the following 20 organizations are signatories:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Organization !! Individual !! Date
|-
| United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || Filippo Grandi, High Commissioner || 05 November 2018
|-
| World Food Programme || David Beasley, Executive Director || 05 November 2018
|-
| United Nations Development Programme || Achim Steiner, Administrator || 08 November 2018 
|-
| United Nations Population Fund || Natalia Kanem, Executive Director || 12 November 2018
|-
| United Nations || Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General || 30 November 2018
|-
| United Nations Children's Fund || Henrietta Fore, Executive Director || 06 November 2018
|- 
| International Labour Organization || Guy Ryder, Director-General || 11 December 2018
|-
| United Nations Office for Project Services || Grete Faremo, Executive Director || 12 January 2019
|-
| World Health Organization || Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General || 20 December 2018
|-
| International Organization for Migration || Antonio Vittorino, Director-General || 15 January 2019
|-
| International Telecommunications Union || Houlin Zhao, Secretary-General || 16 January 2019
|-
| Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS || Michel Sidibe, Executive Director || 15 February 2019
|-
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization || Audrey Azoulay, Director-General || 12 March 2019
|-
| United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women || Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director || 29 March 2019 
|-
| Food and Agriculture Organization || Qu Dongyu, Director-General || 19 August 2019
|-
| United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || Pierre Krähenbühl, Commissioner-General || 06 September 2019
|-
| United Nations Environment Programme || Inger Andersen, Executive Director || 09 October 2019 
|-
| International Fund for Agricultural Development || Gilbert F. Houngbo, President || 17 January 2020
|-
| International Trade Centre || Dorothy Tembo, Executive Director a.i. || 02 April 2020
|-
| United Nations Industrial Development Organization || Li Yong, Director-General || 02 June 2020 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]

[[Category: Legal]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>United Nations system</title>
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    <text bytes="5615" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations system''' consists of the United Nations and related organizations. 

== Related concepts ==

The term '''agencies, funds and programmes''' is often used as a shorthand for the operational agencies within the system other than the Secretariat. In addition to the funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, the colloquial use of this term also covers other entities such as UNHCR and related organizations such as IOM. 

The '''common system''' is often used as a shorthand for the organizations within the United Nations system that adhere to the [[common system]] of salaries, benefits and allowances.

== Definitions ==

=== United Nations ===
The United Nations consists of the six Main Organs defined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]] and their subsidiary organs, which can include committees, operational agencies or organs with characteristics of both&lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;. For the purposes of this article, only the operational agencies are listed. 

==== Main bodies ====
* '''The General Assembly'''
* '''The Security Council''' 
* '''The Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC)
* '''The Trusteeship Council'''
* '''The International Court of Justice''' (ICJ)
* '''The Secretariat'''

==== Funds and programmes ====
The funds and programmes are subsidiary organs of the United Nations, under Article 7.2 of the Charter, and do not have separate juridical personality from the United Nations even if they are separately administered. 
* '''United Nations Development Programme''' (UNDP)
* '''United Nations Environment Programme''' (UNEP)
* '''United Nations Population Fund''' (UNFPA)
* '''United Nations Human Settlements Programme''' (UN-Habitat)
* '''United Nations Children's Fund''' (UNICEF)
*: UNICEF is administered by an Executive Director under policies established by the UNICEF Executive Board. The Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General in consultation with the Executive Board. &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/57(i) resolution 57(I)], paragraph 3&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''World Food Programme''' (WFP)
*: WFP is a joint programme of the United Nations and FAO. 

==== Other entities ====
A number of other entities are also considered subsidiary organs under Article 7.2 of the Charter.
* '''International Trade Centre''' (ITC)
*: The ITC is a joint subsidiary organ of the United Nations, via UNCTAD, and the World Trade Organization.
* '''United Nations Conference on Trade and Development''' (UNCTAD)
* '''Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees''' (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Office for Projects Services''' (UNOPS)
* '''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East''' (UNRWA) &lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women''' (UN-Women)

=== Specialized agencies ===
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC at the intergovernmental level and the Chief Executives Board (CEB) at the inter-Secretariat level, in line with articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. They are therefore not legally part of the United Nations, but are part of the broader United Nations system. 

* '''Food and Agriculture Organization''' (FAO)
* '''International Civil Aviation Organizatio'''n (ICAO)
* '''International Fund for Agricultural Development''' (IFAD)
* '''International Labour Organization''' (ILO)
* '''International Monetary Fund''' (IMF)&lt;ref&gt;The IMF is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Maritime Organization''' (IMO)
* '''International Telecommunication Union''' (ITU)
* '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (UNESCO)
* '''United Nations Industrial Development Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Tourism Organization''' (UNWTO)
* '''World Intellectual Property Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Meteorological Organization''' (WMO)
* '''World Bank Group'''&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank Group is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
** International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
** International Development Association (IDA)
** International Finance Corporation (IFC)

=== Related organizations ===
Related organizations are autonomous organizations with cooperation agreements with the United Nations. Although many are similar to the specialized agencies and may coordinate their work through the CEB, their cooperation agreements make no specific reference to articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 
* '''Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization''' (CTBTO Preparatory Commission)
* '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' (IAEA)
*: IAEA reports to the Security Council.
* ''' International Criminal Court''' (ICC)
* '''International Organization for Migration''' (IOM)
* '''International Seabed Authority''' (ISA)
* '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' (ITLOS)
* '''Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons''' (OPCW)
*: OPCW reports to the Security Council.
* '''World Trade Organization''' (WTO)

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Administration of justice]]
* [[United Nations country team]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7919" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations system''' consists of the United Nations and related organizations. 

== Related concepts ==

The term '''agencies, funds and programmes''' is often used as a shorthand for the operational agencies within the system other than the Secretariat. In addition to the funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, the colloquial use of this term also covers other entities such as UNHCR and related organizations such as IOM. 

The '''common system''' is often used as a shorthand for the organizations within the United Nations system that adhere to the [[common system]] of salaries, benefits and allowances.

== Definitions ==

=== United Nations ===
The United Nations consists of the six Main Organs defined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]] and their subsidiary organs, which can include committees, operational agencies or organs with characteristics of both&lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;. For the purposes of this article, only the operational agencies are listed. 

==== Main bodies ====
* '''The General Assembly'''
* '''The Security Council''' 
* '''The Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC)
* '''The Trusteeship Council'''
* '''The International Court of Justice''' (ICJ)
* '''The Secretariat'''
*: The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the Organization, as per Article 97 of the Charter, and is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The terms of appointment of the Secretary-General are outlined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/11(I) 11 (I)], and additional considerations are contained in the annexes to [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/241 resolution 51/241] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/286 60/286]. 

==== Funds and programmes ====
The funds and programmes are subsidiary organs of the United Nations, under Article 7.2 of the Charter, and do not have separate juridical personality from the United Nations even if they are separately administered. 
* '''United Nations Development Programme''' (UNDP)
*: UNDP was established with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2029(XX) resolution 2029 (XX)] through the merger of the United Nations Special Fund&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/1240%20(XIII) resolution 1240 (XIII)]&lt;/ref&gt; and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance. UNDP is led by an Administrator (formerly the Managing Director of the Special Fund), appointed by the Secretary-General and subject to confirmation by the General Assembly.  
*: UNDP, UNFPA and UNOPS are overseen by a joint Executive Board, which replaced the earlier UNDP Governing Council with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/162 resolution 48/162].
* '''United Nations Environment Programme''' (UNEP)
*: UNEP was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)]. As per this resolution, the Secretariat of UNEP is headed by an Executive Director elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the General Assembly. 
*: See also [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] Organization of the secretariat of the United Nations  Environment Programme
* '''United Nations Population Fund''' (UNFPA)
* '''United Nations Human Settlements Programme''' (UN-Habitat)
* '''United Nations Children's Fund''' (UNICEF)
*: UNICEF was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/57(i) resolution 57 (I)]. As per this resolution, UNICEF is administered by an Executive Director under policies established by the UNICEF Executive Board. The Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General in consultation with the Executive Board.
* '''World Food Programme''' (WFP)
*: WFP is a joint programme of the United Nations and FAO and is subject to the FAO regulations and rules. 

==== Other entities ====
A number of other entities are also considered subsidiary organs under Article 7.2 of the Charter.
* '''International Trade Centre''' (ITC)
*: The ITC is a joint subsidiary organ of the United Nations, via UNCTAD, and the World Trade Organization.
* '''Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS''' (UNAIDS)
*: UNAIDS is a joint programme established by ECOSOC in its resolution 1994/24. Its Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General on recommendation of its sponsoring organizations (ILO, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, WFP, WHO and the World Bank). UNAIDS uses WHO regulations and rules. 
* '''United Nations Conference on Trade and Development''' (UNCTAD)
* '''Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees''' (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt;
*: The Statute of UNHCR is contained in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/428(V) resolution 428 (V)]. It specifies that the High Commissioner shall be elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the Secretary-General. 
* '''United Nations Office for Project Services''' (UNOPS)
* '''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East''' (UNRWA) &lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women''' (UN-Women)

=== Specialized agencies ===
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC at the intergovernmental level and the Chief Executives Board (CEB) at the inter-Secretariat level, in line with articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. They are therefore not legally part of the United Nations, but are part of the broader United Nations system. 

* '''Food and Agriculture Organization''' (FAO)
* '''International Civil Aviation Organizatio'''n (ICAO)
* '''International Fund for Agricultural Development''' (IFAD)
* '''International Labour Organization''' (ILO)
* '''International Monetary Fund''' (IMF)&lt;ref&gt;The IMF is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Maritime Organization''' (IMO)
* '''International Telecommunication Union''' (ITU)
* '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (UNESCO)
* '''United Nations Industrial Development Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Tourism Organization''' (UNWTO)
* '''World Intellectual Property Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Meteorological Organization''' (WMO)
* '''World Bank Group'''&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank Group is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
** International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
** International Development Association (IDA)
** International Finance Corporation (IFC)

=== Related organizations ===
Related organizations are autonomous organizations with cooperation agreements with the United Nations. Although many are similar to the specialized agencies and may coordinate their work through the CEB, their cooperation agreements make no specific reference to articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 
* '''Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization''' (CTBTO Preparatory Commission)
* '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' (IAEA)
*: IAEA reports to the Security Council.
* ''' International Criminal Court''' (ICC)
* '''International Organization for Migration''' (IOM)
* '''International Seabed Authority''' (ISA)
* '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' (ITLOS)
* '''Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons''' (OPCW)
*: OPCW reports to the Security Council.
* '''World Trade Organization''' (WTO)

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Administration of justice]]
* [[United Nations country team]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Cross-cutting resolutions</title>
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    <text bytes="7498" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

The main report considered by cross-cutting resolutions are the annual [[overview report|report on the overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations]].

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Approved measures on disposition of assets following liquidation ([[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Reg 5.14]]); &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Requested the SG to submit annual [[overview report]] on the financing of peacekeeping missions&lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|-
| 73 || No resolution || || ''Identical paragraphs related to oversight body recommendations and risk management and internal controls inserted into all mission financing resolutions. &lt;br /&gt;Identical paragraphs on [[programmatic activities]] also inserted into financing resolutions of relevant missions''
|-
| 74 || No resolution || || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] (Fourth Committee/[[C34]] resolution)

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <text bytes="11219" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 74 || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>d53609e7902fdbbb905c41f6a77fec46e4cc4cba</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>679</id>
    <parentid>663</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-08-03T17:55:19Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>Added SPM reports for main part of the 75th session</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11683" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements 
|-
| 74 || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 ||  Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>80d04b290d030d278e0d31206a07bc999234a56a</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>700</id>
    <parentid>679</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-09-29T02:00:46Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Comprehensive review of special political missions */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11599" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>874d8dd6cb921e1fa49acf838860ca4affcf93d2</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>701</id>
    <parentid>700</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-10-01T13:30:45Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Comprehensive review of special political missions */ Added reference to summary records for 74th session</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11668" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || Took note of SG report [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>660eba9ac0a61e9a06d99e886b1f1b6b4a7ed1fd</sha1>
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    <comment>/* Comprehensive review of special political missions */ Added reference to summary records for 74th session</comment>
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    <text bytes="11645" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are instruments by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology of missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is primarily a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="12254" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping missions''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping missions ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || '''African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur''' || '''UNAMID''' || 2007-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || '''MINUJUSTH''' || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
    <sha1>8c523d21d04d2d57b977b4efd9a44c8b16e2193f</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Legislative history */</comment>
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    <text bytes="4346" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 '''A/74/223''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702]
| N/A
| SG report on the assessment of the Police Division requested by the General Assembly in resolution 72/262C
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223].

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>b39e6aee2c434ea1300e2d0f891924a2f8baceca</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <comment>Added placeholder for implementation report</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4462" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 '''A/74/223''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702]
| N/A
| SG report on the assessment of the Police Division requested by the General Assembly in resolution 72/262C
|-
| '''A/75/202''' (forthcoming)
|
| 
| SG report on the review of implementation of the peace and security reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223].

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>25548b658e7e5911c0854ebc7f4fe478d5a83dec</sha1>
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    <text bytes="4776" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|-
| '''A/75/202''' (forthcoming)
|
| 
| SG report on the review of implementation of the peace and security reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525] ''Restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] ''Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] ''Assessment of the Police Division'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702])
* A/75/202 ''Review of the implementation of the peace and security reform'' (forthcoming)

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>c58bd488bf56bb08b25aa965599f530e466c874d</sha1>
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    <text bytes="4808" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 '''A/75/202''']
|
| 
| SG report on the review of implementation of the peace and security reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525] ''Restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] ''Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] ''Assessment of the Police Division'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702])
* [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 A/75/202] ''Review of the implementation of the peace and security reform''

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>a1f715a5b3e91aca4242663ce262f699f25906b1</sha1>
  </revision>
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<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Official documents</title>
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    <text bytes="4903" xml:space="preserve">The issuance of '''official documents''' is an important aspect of the work of the Secretariat and the intergovernmental bodies, and is governed by policies and procedures related to the control and limitation of documentation. Official documents are issued by the main organs of the United Nations and their subsidiary bodies and are searchable on the Official Documents System website, [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org]. 

== Governance ==
Standards for documentation in the United Nations are set by the General Assembly (through its [[Fifth Committee]]) on the advice of the '''Committee on Conferences''' established in [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/2239(XXI) resolution 2239(XXI)]. The Committee on Conferences serves as an oversight body for the '''Department of General Assembly and Conference Management''' (DGACM) and convenes for its annual substantive session in September in advance of the opening of the General Assembly to consider issues related to:

* The calendar of conferences and meetings;
* The utilization of conference-servicing resources and facilities at New York, Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi;
* The performance of the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management
* Translation- and interpretation-related matters;
* Information technology;
* Multilingualism; and
* Accessibility.

== Language of documentation ==
Parliamentary documents (i.e. those for consideration by intergovernmental bodies) are issued in all six official languages (English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanish) in accordance with General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/222 resolution 55/222]&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/222 resolution 55/222], Section III, paragraph 5&lt;/ref&gt;. Secretariat documents (i.e. [[administrative issuances]] and information circulars) are generally issued in the two working languages, English and French. 

== Control and limitation of documentation ==
Rules are in place for the control and limitation of documentation to support planning and allocation of resources for editing and translation in order to ensure that reports are prepared in time for intergovernmental consideration.

Regulations for the control and limitation of documentation are contained in [https://undocs.org/st/ai/189 ST/AI/189] and its addenda. 

=== Word limits ===

Currently, Secretariat documents are subject to a word limit of 8,500 words (in English) unless a waiver has been approved by DGACM. 

The General Assembly previously established page limits for documents (16 pages for Secretariat documents and 32 for intergovernmental bodies, to be reduced over time to 20 pages)&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/214 resolution 52/214]&lt;/ref&gt;. The Secretariat internally used word count equivalents (8,500 words for Secretariat reports and 10,700 words for intergovernmental reports) for documentation planning purposes&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/122 A/65/122], Annex VIII&lt;/ref&gt;. DGACM began to systematically implement rules and guidelines on the word limits in 2004, including requirement of an internal waiver request process for Secretariat reports exceeding the 8,500 word limit&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/93 A/60/93], paragraph 44&lt;/ref&gt;.

The General Assembly formally approved the shift from limits based on page count to the word count equivalents in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/245 resolution 65/245]&lt;ref&gt;ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/a/65/484 A/65/484], paragraph 19&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Submission timelines ===
The General Assembly set document submission timelines in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/202 resolution 47/202B].

==== Six-week rule ====
To ensure that delegates have sufficient time to consider reports in advance of intergovernmental meetings, pre-session documents are supposed to be distributed—in all six official languages—no less than six weeks before meetings&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/202 resolution 47/202B], paragraph 7&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== Ten-week rule ====
To ensure sufficient time to edit and translate reports to meet the six-week rule, Secretariat entities are supposed to submit reports to DGACM ten weeks before the beginning of sessions&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/202 resolution 47/202B], paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;.

The date of submission of a report to DGACM is known as the "slot date". As per the memo of the Chef de Cabinet, date 5 June 2017, all reports of the Secretary-General to intergovernmental bodies must be submitted to EOSG for clearance or for information as early as possible and at least six working days before the slot date. 

=== Document symbol ===
All official documents are assigned a unique identifier, known as the [[document symbol]]. 

== See also ==
* [[Document symbol]]
* [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org] Official Documents System (ODS)

== References ==

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>b1ff300b22f7dbe8b77305a76a40d12b04e97b14</sha1>
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    <text bytes="5312" xml:space="preserve">The issuance of '''official documents''' is an important aspect of the work of the Secretariat and the intergovernmental bodies, and is governed by policies and procedures related to the control and limitation of documentation. Official documents are issued by the main organs of the United Nations and their subsidiary bodies and are searchable on the Official Documents System website, [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org]. 

== Governance ==
Standards for documentation in the United Nations are set by the General Assembly (through its [[Fifth Committee]]) on the advice of the '''Committee on Conferences''' established in [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/2239(XXI) resolution 2239(XXI)]. The Committee on Conferences serves as an oversight body for the '''Department of General Assembly and Conference Management''' (DGACM) and convenes for its annual substantive session in September in advance of the opening of the General Assembly to consider issues related to:

* The calendar of conferences and meetings;
* The utilization of conference-servicing resources and facilities at New York, Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi;
* The performance of the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management
* Translation- and interpretation-related matters;
* Information technology;
* Multilingualism; and
* Accessibility.

== Language of documentation ==
Parliamentary documents (i.e. those for consideration by intergovernmental bodies) are issued in all six official languages (English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanish) in accordance with General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/222 resolution 55/222]&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/222 resolution 55/222], Section III, paragraph 5&lt;/ref&gt;. Secretariat documents (i.e. [[administrative issuances]] and information circulars) are generally issued in the two working languages, English and French. 

== Drafting practices ==

General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/214 resolution 52/214] established that reports originating within the Secretariat include:
* A summary of the report;
* Consolidated conclusions, recommendations and other proposed actions; and
* Relevant background information.

The resolution further specified that conclusions and recommendations should be reflected in bold type. 

== Control and limitation of documentation ==
Rules are in place for the control and limitation of documentation to support planning and allocation of resources for editing and translation in order to ensure that reports are prepared in time for intergovernmental consideration.

Regulations for the control and limitation of documentation are contained in [https://undocs.org/st/ai/189 ST/AI/189] and its addenda. 

=== Word limits ===

Currently, Secretariat documents are subject to a word limit of 8,500 words (in English) unless a waiver has been approved by DGACM. 

The General Assembly previously established page limits for documents (16 pages for Secretariat documents and 32 for intergovernmental bodies, to be reduced over time to 20 pages)&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/214 resolution 52/214]&lt;/ref&gt;. The Secretariat internally used word count equivalents (8,500 words for Secretariat reports and 10,700 words for intergovernmental reports) for documentation planning purposes&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/122 A/65/122], Annex VIII&lt;/ref&gt;. DGACM began to systematically implement rules and guidelines on the word limits in 2004, including requirement of an internal waiver request process for Secretariat reports exceeding the 8,500 word limit&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/93 A/60/93], paragraph 44&lt;/ref&gt;.

The General Assembly formally approved the shift from limits based on page count to the word count equivalents in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/245 resolution 65/245]&lt;ref&gt;ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/a/65/484 A/65/484], paragraph 19&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Submission timelines ===
The General Assembly set document submission timelines in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/202 resolution 47/202B].

==== Six-week rule ====
To ensure that delegates have sufficient time to consider reports in advance of intergovernmental meetings, pre-session documents are supposed to be distributed—in all six official languages—no less than six weeks before meetings&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/202 resolution 47/202B], paragraph 7&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== Ten-week rule ====
To ensure sufficient time to edit and translate reports to meet the six-week rule, Secretariat entities are supposed to submit reports to DGACM ten weeks before the beginning of sessions&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/202 resolution 47/202B], paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;.

The date of submission of a report to DGACM is known as the "slot date". As per the memo of the Chef de Cabinet, date 5 June 2017, all reports of the Secretary-General to intergovernmental bodies must be submitted to EOSG for clearance or for information as early as possible and at least six working days before the slot date. 

=== Document symbol ===
All official documents are assigned a unique identifier, known as the [[document symbol]]. 

== See also ==
* [[Document symbol]]
* [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org] Official Documents System (ODS)

== References ==

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Document symbol</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Added link to official document page</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7979" xml:space="preserve">The '''document symbol''' is the unique identifier assigned to every [[official document|official United Nations document]]. It identifies the organ associated with the document as well as the type of document.

== Syntax ==
Each document symbol has a number of components, separated by forward slashes (/). The first component identifies the associated organ, as such:
* '''A''':	General Assembly
* '''S''':	Security Council
* '''E''':	Economic and Social Council
* '''ST''':	Secretariat

The final component of the document symbol can be one or more of the following modifiers:
* Addendum
*: '''/Add.'''(number)
* Amendment: Alteration by decision of a competent authority, of a portion of an adopted formal text
*: '''/Amend.'''(number)	
* Corrigendum 
*: '''/Corr.'''(number)
* Revision (replacing texts previously issued)
*: '''/Rev.'''(number)
* Reissuance of a document for technical reasons
*: '''*'''	

=== General Assembly documents ===

* Report
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''A/RES/'''(session)'''/'''(resolution number)&lt;ref&gt;Before 1976, resolution numbers were not reset each session, and the symbol followed the following syntax: '''A/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(session number in roman numerals)''')'''&lt;/ref&gt;
* Proposal
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Official record
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/PV.'''(meeting number)

* Committee document
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Committee proposal
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Committee summary record
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/SR.'''(meeting number)

* Subsidiary body document
*: '''A/AC.'''(subsidiary body number)'''/'''(year)'''/'''(document number)&lt;ref&gt;For a list of subsidiary bodies and their numbers, see [https://undocs.org/ST/LIB/SER.B/5/Rev.5]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== General Assembly documents with standardized symbols ====
Some General Assembly documents are issued regularly with the same number, in the format '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number). These are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number   !! Report !! In use !! Notes
|-
| 1	|| Report of the Secretary-General of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 2 	|| Report of the Security Council || Yes ||
|-
| 3 	|| Report of the Economic and Social Council || Yes ||
|-
| 4 	|| Report of the International Court of Justice || Yes ||
|-
| 5 	|| Report of the [[Board of Auditors]] || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 6 	|| Proposed [[programme budget]] || Yes || Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 7 	|| Report of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] || Yes ||	Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 8	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || Yes || UN Habitat
|-
| 9	|| Report of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board || Yes ||
|-
| 10	|| Report of the International Law Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 11	|| Report of the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]] || Yes ||
|-
| 12	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || Yes ||
|-
| 13	|| Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || Yes || UNRWA
|-
| 14	||  || No ||
|-
| 15	||  || No ||
|-
| 16	|| Report of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] || Yes ||
|-
| 17	|| Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law || Yes ||
|-
| 18	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination || Yes ||
|-
| 19	|| Report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] || Yes || a.k.a. C34
|-
| 20	|| Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space || Yes ||
|-
| 21	|| Report of the Committee on Information || Yes ||
|-
| 23	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples || Yes || a.k.a C24
|-
| 24	|| Report of the United Nations Council for Namibia || No || Body defunct
|-
| 25	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme || No ||	Document now issued under UNEP symbol
|-
| 26	|| Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country || Yes ||
|-
| 27	|| Report of the Conference on Disarmament || Yes ||
|-
| 28	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference || No || Body defunct
|-
| 29	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean || Yes ||
|-
| 30	|| Report of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] || Yes ||
|-
| 32	|| Report of the Committee on Conferences || Yes ||
|-
| 33	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and the Strengthening of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 34	|| Report of the Joint Inspection Unit || Yes ||
|-
| 35	|| Report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People || Yes ||
|-
| 36	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || Yes ||
|-
| 37	|| Report of the Intergovernmental Committee on Science and Technology for Development || No || body defunct
|-
| 38	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women || Yes ||
|-
| 39	|| Report of the High-level Committee on the Review of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries || No || Later reports issued under TCDC symbol
|-
| 40	|| Report of the Human Rights Committee || Yes ||
|-
| 41	|| Report of the Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Principle of Non-Use of Force in International Relations || No || Body defunct
|-
| 42	|| Report of the Disarmament Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 43	||  ||  ||
|-
| 44	|| Report of the Committee against Torture || Yes ||
|-
| 45	||  ||  ||
|-
| 46	|| Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation || Yes ||
|-
| 47	||  ||  ||
|-
| 48	|| Report of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers And their Familes || Yes ||
|-
| 49	|| Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the General Assembly || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 50	|| Preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda  || Yes ||
|-
| 51	||  ||  ||
|-
| 52	||  ||  ||
|-
| 53	|| Report of the Human Rights Council || Yes ||
|-
| 54	||  ||  ||
|-
| 55	|| Report of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities || Yes ||
|-
| 56	|| Report of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances || Yes ||
|-
| 100	|| Annotated preliminary lists of items to be included in the provisional agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 150	|| Provisional agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 200	|| List of supplementary items proposed for inclusion in the agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 250	|| Organization of the ### regular session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 300	|| Notification by the Secretary-General under Article 12, paragraph 2, of the Charter || Yes ||
|}

=== Security Council documents ===
* Document
*: '''S/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''S/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(year)''')'''
* Presidential statement
*: '''S/PRST/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Meeting records
*: '''S/PV.'''(meeting number)

=== Secretariat documents ===
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/SGB/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/AI/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances#Information circulars|Information circular]]
*: '''ST/IC/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Assessment of Member States
*: '''ST/ADM/SER.B/'''(number)

== Accessing documents ==
Official documents can be located through the Official Document System (ODS) website: [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org]. 

If you know the document symbol of the official document you are looking for, you can access it directly from [https://undocs.org undocs.org]/(document symbol)

== See also ==
* [[Official document]]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>1a106de8e095bccc04a7f89eec2f0f9c4272f9f8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>704</id>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8266" xml:space="preserve">The '''document symbol''' is the unique identifier assigned to every [[official document|official United Nations document]]. It identifies the organ associated with the document as well as the type of document.

== Syntax ==
Each document symbol has a number of components, separated by forward slashes (/). The first component identifies the associated organ, as such:
* '''A''':	General Assembly
* '''S''':	Security Council
* '''E''':	Economic and Social Council
* '''ST''':	Secretariat

The final component of the document symbol can be one or more of the following modifiers:
* Addendum
*: '''/Add.'''(number)
* Amendment: Alteration by decision of a competent authority, of a portion of an adopted formal text
*: '''/Amend.'''(number)	
* Corrigendum 
*: '''/Corr.'''(number)
* Revision (replacing texts previously issued)
*: '''/Rev.'''(number)
* Reissuance of a document for technical reasons
*: '''*'''	

=== General Assembly documents ===

* Report
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''A/RES/'''(session)'''/'''(resolution number)&lt;ref&gt;Before 1976, resolution numbers were not reset each session, and the symbol followed the following syntax: '''A/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(session number in roman numerals)''')'''&lt;/ref&gt;
* Proposal
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Official record
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/PV.'''(meeting number)

* Committee document
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Committee proposal
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Committee summary record
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/SR.'''(meeting number)

* Subsidiary body document
*: '''A/AC.'''(subsidiary body number)'''/'''(year)'''/'''(document number)&lt;ref&gt;For a list of subsidiary bodies and their numbers, see [https://undocs.org/ST/LIB/SER.B/5/Rev.5]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== General Assembly documents with standardized symbols ====
Some General Assembly documents are issued regularly with the same number, in the format '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number). These are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number   !! Report !! In use !! Notes
|-
| 1	|| Report of the Secretary-General of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 2 	|| Report of the Security Council || Yes ||
|-
| 3 	|| Report of the Economic and Social Council || Yes ||
|-
| 4 	|| Report of the International Court of Justice || Yes ||
|-
| 5 	|| Report of the [[Board of Auditors]] || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes (Vol.###)
|-
| 6 	|| Proposed [[programme budget]] || Yes || Issued in multiple sections (Sect.###) and income sections (Income Sect.###)
|-
| 6/Add.1 || Programme budget || Yes || This presents the budget as approved by the GA
|-
| 7 	|| Report of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] || Yes || Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 8	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || Yes || UN Habitat
|-
| 9	|| Report of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board || Yes ||
|-
| 10	|| Report of the International Law Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 11	|| Report of the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]] || Yes ||
|-
| 12	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || Yes ||
|-
| 13	|| Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || Yes || UNRWA
|-
| 14	||  || No ||
|-
| 15	||  || No ||
|-
| 16	|| Report of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] || Yes ||
|-
| 17	|| Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law || Yes ||
|-
| 18	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination || Yes ||
|-
| 19	|| Report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] || Yes || a.k.a. C34
|-
| 20	|| Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space || Yes ||
|-
| 21	|| Report of the Committee on Information || Yes ||
|-
| 23	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples || Yes || a.k.a C24
|-
| 24	|| Report of the United Nations Council for Namibia || No || Body defunct
|-
| 25	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme || No ||	Document now issued under UNEP symbol
|-
| 26	|| Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country || Yes ||
|-
| 27	|| Report of the Conference on Disarmament || Yes ||
|-
| 28	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference || No || Body defunct
|-
| 29	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean || Yes ||
|-
| 30	|| Report of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] || Yes ||
|-
| 32	|| Report of the Committee on Conferences || Yes ||
|-
| 33	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and the Strengthening of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 34	|| Report of the Joint Inspection Unit || Yes ||
|-
| 35	|| Report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People || Yes ||
|-
| 36	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || Yes ||
|-
| 37	|| Report of the Intergovernmental Committee on Science and Technology for Development || No || body defunct
|-
| 38	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women || Yes ||
|-
| 39	|| Report of the High-level Committee on the Review of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries || No || Later reports issued under TCDC symbol
|-
| 40	|| Report of the Human Rights Committee || Yes ||
|-
| 41	|| Report of the Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Principle of Non-Use of Force in International Relations || No || Body defunct
|-
| 42	|| Report of the Disarmament Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 43	||  ||  ||
|-
| 44	|| Report of the Committee against Torture || Yes ||
|-
| 45	||  ||  ||
|-
| 46	|| Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation || Yes ||
|-
| 47	||  ||  ||
|-
| 48	|| Report of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers And their Familes || Yes ||
|-
| 49	|| Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the General Assembly || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 50	|| Preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda  || Yes ||
|-
| 51	||  ||  ||
|-
| 52	||  ||  ||
|-
| 53	|| Report of the Human Rights Council || Yes ||
|-
| 54	||  ||  ||
|-
| 55	|| Report of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities || Yes ||
|-
| 56	|| Report of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances || Yes ||
|-
| 100	|| Annotated preliminary lists of items to be included in the provisional agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 150	|| Provisional agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 200	|| List of supplementary items proposed for inclusion in the agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 250	|| Organization of the ### regular session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 251/Rev.1  || Agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly and the resolutions and decisions adopted under each item  || Yes || 
|-
| 300	|| Notification by the Secretary-General under Article 12, paragraph 2, of the Charter || Yes ||
|}

=== Security Council documents ===
* Document
*: '''S/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''S/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(year)''')'''
* Presidential statement
*: '''S/PRST/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Meeting records
*: '''S/PV.'''(meeting number)

=== Secretariat documents ===
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/SGB/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/AI/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances#Information circulars|Information circular]]
*: '''ST/IC/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Assessment of Member States
*: '''ST/ADM/SER.B/'''(number)

== Accessing documents ==
Official documents can be located through the Official Document System (ODS) website: [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org]. 

If you know the document symbol of the official document you are looking for, you can access it directly from [https://undocs.org undocs.org]/(document symbol)

== See also ==
* [[Official document]]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>909befe3bfb33091f9351b9533d33fca44786a10</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Peacebuilding</title>
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    <comment>/* Relevant documents */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10688" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly decided to establish both as part of the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years. 

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] ||  ||  || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Annual reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| A/75/xx-S/2020/xx || || || Forthcoming
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10746" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly decided to establish both as part of the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years. 

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] ||  ||  || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Regular reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="8199" xml:space="preserve">This is a guide to commonly-used '''human resources terminology''' at the United Nations. Personnel-related budget terminology is covered in a separate page on [[budget terminology]].

== Contractual modalities ==

The existing contractual modalities were established under General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250].

'''Continuing appointment'''
: A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14 (continuing appointment); [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 ST/AI/2012/3] Administration of continuing appointments&lt;/ref&gt; Eligibility for continuing appointments is governed by the terms of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

'''Fixed-term appointment'''
: An appointment granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, to persons recruited for service of a prescribed duration, including persons temporarily [[seconded personnel|seconded by national Governments]] or institutions for service with the United Nations. May be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. Does not carry any expectancy, legal or otherwise, of renewal or conversion, irrespective of the length of service.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13 (fixed-term appointment); [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 ST/AI/2013/1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 Corr.1] Administration of fixed-term appointments&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Temporary appointment'''
: An appointment for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements. May be renewed for up to one additional year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. Does not carry any expectancy, legal or otherwise, of renewal. Cannot be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12 (temporary appointment); [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4 ST/AI/2010/4], [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/4/rev.1 Rev.1] Administration of temporary appointments&lt;/ref&gt;

: There are two general types of temporary appointments: those for which a selection process was conducted following the posting of a '''temporary job opening''' (TJO) and those of less than three months for which no formal process is required (TA). 

=== Defunct modalities ===

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt;

== Definitions ==

'''Acting'''
: When a [[budget terminology#Human resources|post]] is vacant, another officer, at the same or lower level, may be assigned to the post in an acting capacity. An acting officer assumes the full functions of the post until confirmed, promoted or reassigned.&lt;ref&gt;Memo, dated 9 June 1993, on Use of the terms "Officer-in-Charge and Acting"&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Officer-in-charge'''
: When a post is encumbered and the incumbent is temporarily absent, an officer-in charge (OIC) is designated, usually by the incumbent of the post, to act as responsible officer during the period of absence. An OIC may in theory be at any level and there is no requirement that the next most senior officer be designated or that the delegation be rotated amongst officers of similar level. Depending on the circumstances, an OIC may or may not carry the full responsibilities of the post but would normally have signatory authority. It is understood to be a temporary designation and not an assignment to the post, and carries no expectancy of eventual assignment.&lt;ref&gt;Memo, dated 9 June 1993, on Use of the terms "Officer-in-Charge and Acting"&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Special post allowance'''
: A non-pensionable special post allowance (SPA) may be granted, pursuant to staff rule 3.10, to a staff member holding a fixed-term or continuing appointment is called on to assume the full duties and responsibilities of a post at a clearly recognizable higher level than his or her own for a temporary period exceeding three months. For staff in non-mission settings, this allowance is payable from the beginning of the fourth month of service at the higher level; for staff in mission settings, this allowance may be paid immediately when the staff member assumes the higher duties and responsibilities. The amount of the allowance shall be equivalent to the salary increase which the staff member would have received had the staff member been promoted to the next higher level.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 3.10 (special post allowance)&lt;/ref&gt;

: Staff members temporarily assigned to higher-level vacant or temporarily vacant posts are eligible for SPA.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1999/17 ST/AI/1999/17] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1999/17/Amend.1 Amend.1] Special post allowance and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2003/3 ST/AI/2003/3] Special post allowance for mission staff&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Temporary duty assignment'''
: Temporary duty assignment (TDY) is a temporary loan of a staff member from a field operation, Headquarters, offices away from Headquarters or  the  regional  commission  to  another  United  Nations  entity  for  the  purpose  of rapidly providing the receiving entity with highly qualified and experienced staff for urgent, time-bound surge capacity needs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/323 A/71/323], paragraphs 119-120&lt;/ref&gt;
: The General Assembly decided in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] to limit the practice of sending staff from Headquarters on TDY beyond three months&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 14&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Inter-agency mobility ==

A number of modalities exist by which staff expertise may be drawn upon between organizations of the United Nations [[common system]]. These are set out in the 2012 Inter-organization agreement concerning transfer, secondment or loan of staff among the organizations applying the United Nations common system of salaries and allowances.

The Joint Inspection Unit undertook a review of staff exchange and similar inter-agency mobility measures in 2019; its recommendations are contained in its report [https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2019/8 JIU/REP/2019/8].

'''Loan'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another for a limited period, normally not exceeding one year, during which the staff member will be subject to the administrative supervision of the receiving organization but will continue to be subject to the staff regulations and rules of the releasing organization. 

'''Secondment'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another for a fixed period, normally not exceeding two years, during which the staff member will normally be paid by and be subject to the staff regulations and rules of the receiving organization, but will retain his or her rights of employment in the releasing organization. The period of secondment may be extended for a further fixed period by agreement among all the parties concerned.

: Secondment can also be used to refer to the arrangement by which active-duty military and police officers are recruited against designated posts. For details on this arrangement, please see the separate article on [[seconded personnel]].

'''Transfer'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another under conditions which give the staff member no right to return to the releasing organization.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5201" xml:space="preserve">This is a guide to commonly-used '''human resources terminology''' at the United Nations. Personnel-related budget terminology (e.g. posts) is covered in a separate page on [[budget terminology]].

== Definitions ==

'''Acting'''
: When a [[budget terminology#Human resources|post]] is vacant, another officer, at the same or lower level, may be assigned to the post in an acting capacity. An acting officer assumes the full functions of the post until confirmed, promoted or reassigned.&lt;ref&gt;Memo, dated 9 June 1993, on Use of the terms "Officer-in-Charge and Acting"&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Officer-in-charge'''
: When a post is encumbered and the incumbent is temporarily absent, an officer-in charge (OIC) is designated, usually by the incumbent of the post, to act as responsible officer during the period of absence. An OIC may in theory be at any level and there is no requirement that the next most senior officer be designated or that the delegation be rotated amongst officers of similar level. Depending on the circumstances, an OIC may or may not carry the full responsibilities of the post but would normally have signatory authority. It is understood to be a temporary designation and not an assignment to the post, and carries no expectancy of eventual assignment.&lt;ref&gt;Memo, dated 9 June 1993, on Use of the terms "Officer-in-Charge and Acting"&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Special post allowance'''
: A non-pensionable special post allowance (SPA) may be granted, pursuant to staff rule 3.10, to a staff member holding a fixed-term or continuing appointment is called on to assume the full duties and responsibilities of a post at a clearly recognizable higher level than his or her own for a temporary period exceeding three months. For staff in non-mission settings, this allowance is payable from the beginning of the fourth month of service at the higher level; for staff in mission settings, this allowance may be paid immediately when the staff member assumes the higher duties and responsibilities. The amount of the allowance shall be equivalent to the salary increase which the staff member would have received had the staff member been promoted to the next higher level.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 3.10 (special post allowance)&lt;/ref&gt;

: Staff members temporarily assigned to higher-level vacant or temporarily vacant posts are eligible for SPA.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1999/17 ST/AI/1999/17] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1999/17/Amend.1 Amend.1] Special post allowance and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2003/3 ST/AI/2003/3] Special post allowance for mission staff&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Temporary duty assignment'''
: Temporary duty assignment (TDY) is a temporary loan of a staff member from a field operation, Headquarters, offices away from Headquarters or  the  regional  commission  to  another  United  Nations  entity  for  the  purpose  of rapidly providing the receiving entity with highly qualified and experienced staff for urgent, time-bound surge capacity needs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/323 A/71/323], paragraphs 119-120&lt;/ref&gt;
: The General Assembly decided in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] to limit the practice of sending staff from Headquarters on TDY beyond three months&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 14&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Inter-agency mobility ==

A number of modalities exist by which staff expertise may be drawn upon between organizations of the United Nations [[common system]]. These are set out in the 2012 Inter-organization agreement concerning transfer, secondment or loan of staff among the organizations applying the United Nations common system of salaries and allowances.

The Joint Inspection Unit undertook a review of staff exchange and similar inter-agency mobility measures in 2019; its recommendations are contained in its report [https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2019/8 JIU/REP/2019/8].

'''Loan'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another for a limited period, normally not exceeding one year, during which the staff member will be subject to the administrative supervision of the receiving organization but will continue to be subject to the staff regulations and rules of the releasing organization. 

'''Secondment'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another for a fixed period, normally not exceeding two years, during which the staff member will normally be paid by and be subject to the staff regulations and rules of the receiving organization, but will retain his or her rights of employment in the releasing organization. The period of secondment may be extended for a further fixed period by agreement among all the parties concerned.

: Secondment can also be used to refer to the arrangement by which active-duty military and police officers are recruited against designated posts. For details on this arrangement, please see the separate article on [[seconded personnel]].

'''Transfer'''
: The movement of a staff member from one organization to another under conditions which give the staff member no right to return to the releasing organization.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5135" xml:space="preserve">'''Staff members''' are individuals whose employent and contractual relationship are defined by a letter of appointment subject to regulations promulgated by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 101 of the [[United Nations Charter]]. 

The conditions of service and the basic rights, duties and obligations of staff are spelled out in the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. 

== Appointment types ==
General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] authorized the use of three types of appointments in the United Nations under a single set of [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Rules]], effective 1 July 2009.  

The policy on staff selection is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/3 '''ST/AI/2010/3'''].

=== Temporary appointments ===
A temporary appointment is granted for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements. Temporary appointments may be renewed for up to one year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. A temporary appointment shall not be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12&lt;/ref&gt; A competitive selection process and the publication of a temporary job opening is only required for temporary appointments longer than three months in duration.

Staff members on temporary appointments are eligible for fewer benefits and allowances than staff on fixed-term or continuing appointments&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt; and accrue leave at a slower rate.

Staff members on temporary appointments filling a regular budget or [[extrabudgetary resources|extrabudgetary]] [[post]] cannot apply for or be appointed to their current post within six months of the end of their current service&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], section III.B paragraph 26&lt;/ref&gt;. A mandatory break in service, normally of 31 days, is required before a former staff member can be re-employed on a temporary appointment&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1], paragraph 5.2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The policy on administration of temporary appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 '''ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1'''].

=== Fixed-term appointments ===
A fixed-term appointment may be granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, and may be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. A fixed-term  appointment does not carry any expectancy of renewal or conversion, except for staff appointed upon successful completion of a competitive examination.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13&lt;/ref&gt;

Staff members on fixed-term appointments are appointed to a [[post]] but may serve temporarily against another post, including ones at a higher grade (see [[human resources terminology#Definitions|special post allowance]]). 

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instrction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 '''ST/AI/2013/1'''] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 '''Corr.1'''].

=== Continuing appointments ===
A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14&lt;/ref&gt;. The procedure and criteria for conversion of fixed-term appointments to continuing appointments are set out in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 '''ST/AI/2012/3'''].

=== Permanent appointments ===
Permanent appointments are a legacy appointment from the previous 100-series staff rules. Following the adoption of resolution 63/250, staff members with permanent appointments as of 1 July 2009 remained on such appointments, and a one-time review of staff members eligible for conversion to permanent appointments before 1 July 2009 was conducted. 

== Cool-down periods ==

=== Interns and consultants ===
The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], decided that [[categories of personnel|interns, consultants and personnel provided on a non-reimbursable basis]] may not be appointed to posts in the Secretariat for a period of six months after the end of their service. In practice, this only applies to posts in the Professional category or those at the FS-6 or FS-7 levels. 

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
A United Nations Volunteer is eligible for appointment to a position in a mission other than the mission in which they are serving after 12 months of service. Otherwise, they are not eligible for appointment to a position in a mission for a period of six months after the end of their service.

=== Junior professional officers ===
A cool-down period does not apply to junior professional officers or associate experts.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5847" xml:space="preserve">'''Staff members''' are individuals whose employent and contractual relationship are defined by a letter of appointment subject to regulations promulgated by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 101 of the [[United Nations Charter]]. 

The conditions of service and the basic rights, duties and obligations of staff are spelled out in the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. 

== Appointment types ==
General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] authorized the use of three types of appointments in the United Nations under a single set of [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Rules]], effective 1 July 2009.  

The policy on staff selection is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/3 '''ST/AI/2010/3'''].

=== Temporary appointments ===
A temporary appointment is granted for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements. Temporary appointments may be renewed for up to one year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. A temporary appointment shall not be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12&lt;/ref&gt; A competitive selection process and the publication of a temporary job opening is only required for temporary appointments longer than three months in duration.

Staff members on temporary appointments are eligible for fewer benefits and allowances than staff on fixed-term or continuing appointments&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt; and accrue leave at a slower rate.

Staff members on temporary appointments filling a regular budget or [[extrabudgetary resources|extrabudgetary]] [[post]] cannot apply for or be appointed to their current post within six months of the end of their current service&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], section III.B paragraph 26&lt;/ref&gt;. A mandatory break in service, normally of 31 days, is required before a former staff member can be re-employed on a temporary appointment&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1], paragraph 5.2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The policy on administration of temporary appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 '''ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1'''].

=== Fixed-term appointments ===
A fixed-term appointment may be granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, and may be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. A fixed-term  appointment does not carry any expectancy of renewal or conversion, except for staff appointed upon successful completion of a competitive examination.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13&lt;/ref&gt;

Staff members on fixed-term appointments are appointed to a [[post]] but may serve temporarily against another post, including ones at a higher grade (see [[human resources terminology#Definitions|special post allowance]]). 

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instrction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 '''ST/AI/2013/1'''] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 '''Corr.1'''].

=== Continuing appointments ===
A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14&lt;/ref&gt;. The procedure and criteria for conversion of fixed-term appointments to continuing appointments are set out in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 '''ST/AI/2012/3'''].

== Former appointment types ==

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt; Following the adoption of resolution 63/250, staff members with permanent appointments as of 1 July 2009 remained on such appointments, and a one-time review of staff members eligible for conversion to permanent appointments before 1 July 2009 was conducted. 

== Cool-down periods ==

=== Interns and consultants ===
The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], decided that [[categories of personnel|interns, consultants and personnel provided on a non-reimbursable basis]] may not be appointed to posts in the Secretariat for a period of six months after the end of their service. In practice, this only applies to posts in the Professional category or those at the FS-6 or FS-7 levels. 

A cool-down period does not apply to junior professional officers or associate experts.

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
A United Nations Volunteer is eligible for appointment to a position in a mission other than the mission in which they are serving after 12 months of service. Otherwise, they are not eligible for appointment to a position in a mission for a period of six months after the end of their service.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5847" xml:space="preserve">'''Staff members''' are individuals whose employent and contractual relationship are defined by a letter of appointment subject to regulations promulgated by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 101 of the [[United Nations Charter]]. 

The conditions of service and the basic rights, duties and obligations of staff are spelled out in the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. 

== Appointment types ==
General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] authorized the use of three types of appointments in the United Nations under a single set of [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Rules]], effective 1 July 2009.  

The policy on staff selection is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/3 '''ST/AI/2010/3'''].

=== Temporary appointments ===
A temporary appointment is granted for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements. Temporary appointments may be renewed for up to one year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. A temporary appointment shall not be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12&lt;/ref&gt; A competitive selection process and the publication of a temporary job opening is only required for temporary appointments longer than three months in duration.

Staff members on temporary appointments are eligible for fewer benefits and allowances than staff on fixed-term or continuing appointments&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt; and accrue leave at a slower rate.

Staff members on temporary appointments filling a regular budget or [[extrabudgetary resources|extrabudgetary]] [[post]] cannot apply for or be appointed to their current post within six months of the end of their current service&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], section III.B paragraph 26&lt;/ref&gt;. A mandatory break in service, normally of 31 days, is required before a former staff member can be re-employed on a temporary appointment&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1], paragraph 5.2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The policy on administration of temporary appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 '''ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1'''].

=== Fixed-term appointments ===
A fixed-term appointment may be granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, and may be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. A fixed-term  appointment does not carry any expectancy of renewal or conversion, except for staff appointed upon successful completion of a competitive examination.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13&lt;/ref&gt;

Staff members on fixed-term appointments are appointed to a [[post]] but may serve temporarily against another post, including ones at a higher grade (see [[human resources terminology#Definitions|special post allowance]]). 

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instrction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 '''ST/AI/2013/1'''] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 '''Corr.1'''].

=== Continuing appointments ===
A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14&lt;/ref&gt;. The procedure and criteria for conversion of fixed-term appointments to continuing appointments are set out in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 '''ST/AI/2012/3'''].

== Former appointment types ==

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt; Following the adoption of resolution 63/250, staff members with permanent appointments as of 1 July 2009 remained on such appointments, and a one-time review of staff members eligible for conversion to permanent appointments before 1 July 2009 was conducted. 

== Cool-down periods ==

=== Interns and consultants ===
The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], decided that [[categories of personnel|interns, consultants and personnel provided on a non-reimbursable basis]] may not be appointed to posts in the Secretariat for a period of six months after the end of their service. In practice, this only applies to posts in the Professional category or those at the FS-6 or FS-7 levels. 

A cool-down period does not apply to junior professional officers or associate experts.

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
A United Nations Volunteer is eligible for appointment to a position in a mission other than the mission in which they are serving after 12 months of service. Otherwise, they are not eligible for appointment to a position in a mission for a period of six months after the end of their service.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="6384" xml:space="preserve">'''Staff members''' are a [[categories of personnel|category of United Nations personnel]] whose employment and contractual relationship are defined by a letter of appointment subject to regulations promulgated by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 101 of the [[United Nations Charter]]. 

The conditions of service and the basic rights, duties and obligations of staff are spelled out in the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. 

== Demographics ==
Information on the demographics of Secretariat staff members is presented in the annual report to the General Assembly on the composition of the Secretariat.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/82 A/74/82] || 2018 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/79 A/73/79] || 2017 || See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/79/ADD.1 Add/1]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/123 A/72/123] || 2016 || First calendar-year report
|}

== Appointment types ==
General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] authorized the use of three types of appointments in the United Nations under a single set of [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Rules]], effective 1 July 2009.  

The policy on staff selection is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/3 '''ST/AI/2010/3'''].

=== Temporary appointments ===
A temporary appointment is granted for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements. Temporary appointments may be renewed for up to one year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. A temporary appointment shall not be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12&lt;/ref&gt; A competitive selection process and the publication of a temporary job opening is only required for temporary appointments longer than three months in duration.

Staff members on temporary appointments are eligible for fewer benefits and allowances than staff on fixed-term or continuing appointments&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt; and accrue leave at a slower rate.

Staff members on temporary appointments filling a regular budget or [[extrabudgetary resources|extrabudgetary]] [[post]] cannot apply for or be appointed to their current post within six months of the end of their current service&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], section III.B paragraph 26&lt;/ref&gt;. A mandatory break in service, normally of 31 days, is required before a former staff member can be re-employed on a temporary appointment&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1], paragraph 5.2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The policy on administration of temporary appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 '''ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1'''].

=== Fixed-term appointments ===
A fixed-term appointment may be granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, and may be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. A fixed-term  appointment does not carry any expectancy of renewal or conversion, except for staff appointed upon successful completion of a competitive examination.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13&lt;/ref&gt;

Staff members on fixed-term appointments are appointed to a [[post]] but may serve temporarily against another post, including ones at a higher grade (see [[human resources terminology#Definitions|special post allowance]]). 

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instrction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 '''ST/AI/2013/1'''] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 '''Corr.1'''].

=== Continuing appointments ===
A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14&lt;/ref&gt;. The procedure and criteria for conversion of fixed-term appointments to continuing appointments are set out in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 '''ST/AI/2012/3'''].

== Former appointment types ==

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt; Following the adoption of resolution 63/250, staff members with permanent appointments as of 1 July 2009 remained on such appointments, and a one-time review of staff members eligible for conversion to permanent appointments before 1 July 2009 was conducted. 

== Cool-down periods ==

=== Interns and consultants ===
The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], decided that [[categories of personnel|interns, consultants and personnel provided on a non-reimbursable basis]] may not be appointed to posts in the Secretariat for a period of six months after the end of their service. In practice, this only applies to posts in the Professional category or those at the FS-6 or FS-7 levels. 

A cool-down period does not apply to junior professional officers or associate experts.

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
A United Nations Volunteer is eligible for appointment to a position in a mission other than the mission in which they are serving after 12 months of service. Otherwise, they are not eligible for appointment to a position in a mission for a period of six months after the end of their service.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Categories of personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="12447" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
[[staff members|United Nations staff]] are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either tasks that are of a more analytical or conceptual nature or tasks that are in general procedural, operational and technical&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4 Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations
common system &lt;/ref&gt;. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Descriptions of the various categories are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)&lt;ref&gt;For more information on the Field Service category, see [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1 A/61/255/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1/Corr.1 Corr.1] Reforming the Field Service category: Investing in meeting the human resources requirements of United Nations peace operations in the twenty-first century&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] and judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== [[Seconded personnel|Seconded military and police personnel]] ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff members]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]
* [[Seconded personnel]]
* [[human resources terminology#Inter-agency mobility|Inter-Organization Agreement on Transfer, Secondment or Loan]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="34" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[United Nations staff]]</text>
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  <title>Board of inquiry</title>
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    <text bytes="3883" xml:space="preserve">A '''Board of Inquiry''' (BOI) is a managerial tool used to review and record the facts of serious incidents, with a view to identifying gaps in policies and procedures, strengthening internal controls and improving financial managerial accountability. The BOI is not an investigative or judicial process and does not consider questions of compensation, legal liability or disciplinary action.&lt;ref&gt;2008.23 Policy Directive: Boards of inquiry&lt;/ref&gt; BOI reports are often used as supporting documentation for consideration of [[claims]]

== Circumstances ==

Boards of inquiry are convened by the head of mission or by the Under-Secretaries-General for [[Department of Operational Support|Operational Support]], [[Department of Peace Operations|Peace Operations]] or [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|Peacebuilding and Political Affairs]]. A BOI is mandatory in the following circumstances:

* Incidents resulting in the death or serious injury of mission personnel;
* Incidents resulting in the death or serious injury of a third party where mission personnel are involved;
* The kidnapping of any United Nations personnel;
* Loss or damage to UN-owned equipment in the amount of $25,000 or more that cannot be ascribed to wear and tear;
* Loss or damage to third party-owned equipment in the amount of $10,000 or more when mission personnel are involved;
* Loss or damage to [[contingent-owned equipment]] in the following circumstances:
** Cases involving loss or damage of major equipment as a result of a single incident of hostile action or forced abandonment in which the generic fair market value of the loss or damage equals or exceeds $250,000;
** Cases involving major or minor loss or damage to COE used by one contingent but provided by another;
** Cases involving major or minor loss or damage to COE in which personnel from more than one contingent are involved.

A BOI report should be completed within 90 days from the date of occurrence. BOI reports are confidential internal documents which contain sensitive information and are not generally made available to outside entities. 

BOI are not convened for allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]], for which separate processes are in place. 

== Membership ==

A roster of individuals qualified to serve on a BOI is maintained by the mission BOI officer, who usually also serves as the secretary of the BOI. 

The mission legal officer is responsible for reviewing the terms of reference of each BOI, briefing the members of a BOI of their responsibilities, reviewing the draft BOI report to ensure compliance with applicable regulations, rules and policies and providing a written legal opinion to accompany the final BOI report. 

== Head of Mission Report ==

The head of mission may in certain circumstances forego convening a BOI and submit a head of mission report instead. Such reports are generally submitted:

* Under exceptional circumstances where convening a BOI is not practical, such as during ongoing hostilities, natural disasters, or when missions have limited capacity, e.g. during mission start-up or downsizing;
* Cases of illness-related death in which investigation or military reports do not present issues requiring further review; and
* Cases of death or serious injury that take place during personal leave outside the mission area.

As with BOI reports, head of mission reports are confidential internal documents which contain sensitive information and are not generally made available to outside entities.

== See also ==
* [[Claims]]
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* 2008.23 Policy Directive: Boards of Inquiry
* 2016.23 Standard Operating Procedure: Boards of Inquiry
* [https://oios.un.org/file/8543/download?token=K-vLnzAv IED-20-002] OIOS report: Inspection of Boards of Inquiry in peacekeeping operations 

== References ==

[[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Peace and security architecture</title>
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    <text bytes="13562" xml:space="preserve">The '''peace and security architecture''' of the Secretariat consists of the '''Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs''' (DPPA), the '''Department of Peace Operations''' (DPO), a single regional political-operational structure and capacities for coordination and shared services. 

== History ==
The architecture was established on 1 January 2019 as part of the 2017 [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar|peace and security reform]] following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C resolution 72/262C].

The architecture replaced the previous [[Department of Political Affairs]] (DPA) and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] (DPKO). 

== Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs ==

DPPA is headed by an Under-Secretary-General and is the lead entity within the Secretariat for political analysis, mediation, electoral assistance, peacebuilding support and political guidance. Its remit currently includes the [[peace operations]] categorized as [[special political missions]].  

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General ===
=== [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding_Support_Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] ===
PBSO is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General, who also serves as the deputy to the Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs. 
* '''Peacebuilding Strategy and Partnerships Branch'''
*: Previously the Policy, Planning and Application Branch, this Branch facilitates coherence system-wide action by connecting the peace and security pillar with the development system, humanitarian actors and the human rights pillar. 
* '''Peacebuilding Commission Support Branch'''
*: This Branch provides strategic, substantive, technical and logistical support to the [[Peacebuilding Commission]] (PBC). 
* '''Financing for Peacebuilding Branch '''
*: This Branch is responsible for the overall strategic management of the [[Peacebuilding Fund]].

=== Security Council Affairs Division ===
SCAD is led by a director (D-2) and provides advice and substantive support tot he Security Council, its subsidiary organs and the [[Military Staff Committee]].
* '''Security Council Secretariat Branch'''
* '''Security Council Subsidiary Organs Branch'''
* '''Security Council Practices and Charter Research Branch'''
* '''Military Staff Committee Secretariat'''

=== Electoral Assistance Division ===
EAD is led by a director (D-2) and is responsible for providing advice on the organization and conduct of electoral assistance, as requested by Member States or mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council. It also manages the United Nations roster of electoral experts. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772], paragraph 23&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Policy and Mediation Division ===
PMD is led by a director (D-2) and is responsible for the development of policy, guidance and learning tools for conflict prevention and preventative diplomacy as well as for the provision of mediation support and advice. It also provides substantive and administrative support to the High-level Advisory Board on Mediation. 

The Division includes a Gender, Peace and Security Team responsible for the development of policy and the provision of substantive and technical support on issues related to gender and to women, peace and security, in coordination with the Gender Unit in DPO.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772], paragraph 22&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Division for Palestinian Rights ===
The Division provides support to the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People.

=== Decolonization Unit ===
The Decolonization Unit provides advice and substantive support to the Special Committee on the Situation regarding the Implementation of the Declaration of the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (commonly known as the Special Committee on Decolonization, or C-24).

== Department of Peace Operations ==
DPO is led by an Under-Secretary-General and is responsible for providing integrated strategic, operation, political, policy and operational support to [[peace operations]] within its purview. It is also the lead entity within the United Nations system in the areas of military, police, rule of law and security sector institutions, DDR and mine action. 

=== Office of the Under-Secretary-General===
* '''[[Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership]]'''
*: OPSP is headed by a director (D-2) responsible for advising the USG on issues affecting the participation of troop- and police-contributing countries in peacekeeping operations.
* '''Gender Unit'''
*: Provides advice to senior departmental leadership on gender equality and women, peace and security, in cooperation with the Gender, Peace and Security Team in DPPA. 
* '''Integrated Assessment and Planning Unit'''
*: Provides advice and support on mission-specific analysis, assessment and planning processes. 

=== Office of Military Affairs ===
OMA is headed by the Assistant Secretary-General, Military Adviser, and is responsible for providing technical advice to the Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations and the heads of the military components of peace operations. 
* '''Military Planning Service'''
*: MPS conducts military planning for emerging and existing operations, produces military guidance documents, monitors the implementation of military plans for ongoing operations and identifies the force or operational requirements for military personnel, military formed units and [[contingent-owned equipment]] in potential or ongoing peace operations. 
* '''Force Generation Service'''
*: FGS is the principal military point of contact with troop-contributing countries on the force generation process, including the generation, rotation and repatriation of military contingents and individuals. It supports the work of the Uniformed Capabilities Support Division in the [[Department of Operational Support]] on the [[contingent-owned equipment]] and [[memorandum of understanding]] negotiation process. The Service also supports the selection process for senior military officials in peace operations. 
* '''Current Military Operations Service'''
*: CMOS advises heads of military components in peace operations on technical aspects of military operations. It monitors and coordinates with the permanent missions of troop-contributing countries on operational issues involving military personnel, including incidents, accidents, injuries, deaths and [[conduct and discipline]] issues in peace operations. 

=== Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions===
==== Police Division ====
The Police Division is headed by the Police Adviser (D-2), who also serves as deputy to the ASG OROLSI&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] Assessment of the Police Division&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Strategic Policy and Development Section'''
*: This Section develops and reviews technical guidelines, standards, directives and SOPs for police components in peace operations.
* '''Mission Management and Support Section'''
*: This Section provides operational and technical advice on law enforcement and policing issues to police components of peace operations. It also coordinates with the permanent missions of police-contributing countries on operational, technical and administrative issues related to deployed police personnel. 
* '''Selection and Recruitment Section'''
*: This Section coordinates the selection, deployment, rotation and repatriation of [[United Nations police]] officers. It also supports the Uniformed Capabilities Support Division in the [[Department of Operational Support]] on the [[contingent-owned equipment]] and [[memorandum of understanding]] negotiation process for formed police units. 
* '''Standing Police Capacity'''
*: The SPC, located at the [[Global Service Centre|United Nations Logistics Base]] in Brindisi, Italy, provides standby police and law enforcement start-up capability tof new peace operations, supports operational assessments of police components and provides assistance during mission transitions, drawdown and closure. 

==== Justice and Corrections Service ====
JCS provides support to justice, corrections and rule of law components on mandate delivery, including in the areas of accountability mechanisms to address conflict-related serious crimes, institutional architecture, capacity and legislative reforms related to the rule of law, extension of justice and corrections institutions and prison security and management. 
* '''Justice and Corrections Standing Capacity'''
*: The JCSC, located at the [[Global Service Centre|United Nations Logistics Base]] in Brindisi, Italy, provides rapidly-deployable start-up or surge capacity to support peace operations and [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]] upon request. 

==== Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Section ====
The DDR Section provides expertise to peace operations and develops policy, guidance and training for the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), community violence reduction (CVR) and other programmes aimed at managing non-state armed groups and preventing the recruitment into such groups. 

==== Security Sector Reform Unit ====
SSRU provides policy advice and support on security and defense sector reform to relevant units in peace operations and develops relevant policy, guidance, standards and practices. 

==== Mine Action Service ====
UNMAS, which is led by a director (D-2), is the lead entity within the United Nations on mine action, in line with General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/80 resolution 70/80]
* '''Strategic Planning and Operations Support Unit'''
* '''Budget, Financial Management and Reporting Section'''
* '''Programme Management and Planning Section'''
* '''Policy, Advocacy and Public Information Section'''
* '''Geneva Office'''

===Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training===
DPET is led by a director (D-2). 
* '''Integrated Training Service'''
* '''Peace Operations Policy and Best Practices Section'''

==Office of the Director for Coordination and Shared Services ==
The Office, which is led by a director (D-2) who reports to both Under-Secretaries-General, provides a range of common management and administrative services to both departments.  

* '''Executive Office'''
*: The EO supports both departments in fulfilling their financial, personnel and general administration responsibilities. The general functions of executive offices across the Secretariat is established in section 7 of [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/3 ST/SGB/2015/3].
* '''Peacekeeping Situation Centre'''
*: The SitCen is the DPPA-DPO contribution to the [[United Nations Operations and Crisis Centre]] (UNOCC).
* '''Leadership Support Section'''
*: The Section monitors leadership requirements in peace operations and supports decision-making on senior leadership appointments, including through the maintenance of a database of qualified individuals, development of post profiles and short lists and supporting newly-appointed senior leaders. 
* '''Strategic Communications Section'''
*: Provides advice to senior departmental leadership, manages medial relations, publicity, outreach, external relations, corporate messaging, digital and online platforms and campaigns and supports public information units in peace operations.&lt;ref&gt;The Section primarily supports DPO, as DPPA retains a strategic communications capacity in the Office of the Under-Secretary-General.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Focal Point for Security'''
*: Provides policy and strategic advice on safety and security measures related to peace operations as well as organizational resilience programmes. 
* '''Information Management Unit'''
* '''Registry'''

== Single regional political-operational structure ==
The three offices of the single regional structure report to both Under-Secretaries-General and are central to the implementation of the whole-of-pillar approach to addressing challenges to international peace and security. 

Each office consists of divisions responsible for coordination of United Nations work in early warning, prevention, peacebuilding, mediation, sustaining peace and peace operations in their designated geographical areas. The divisions lead the development of integrated regional and country-specific conflict analyses and strategies and provide backstopping support for [[peace operations]] within their geographical area. Multidimensional peacekeeping operations are supported by integrated operational teams within the divisions which bring together political, military, rule of law and other relevant capacities. 

===Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa===
* '''Northern Africa Division'''
* '''Western Africa Division'''
* '''Eastern Africa Division'''
* '''Central and Southern Africa Division'''
===Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Middle East, Asia and the Pacific===
* '''Middle East Division'''
* '''Asia and the Pacific Division'''
===Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Europe, Central Asia and the Americas===
* '''Europe and Central Asia Division'''
* '''Americas Division'''

== See also ==

=== Reports ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] Assessment of the Police Division

=== Other documents ===
* [https://oios.un.org/file/8529/download?token=-bLLdGeK IED-20-001] OIOS report: Evaluation of the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Staff Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <text bytes="3412" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/A/59/291 A/59/291] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/732 A/61.732] Staffing of field missions, including the use of 300 and 100-series appointments&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/1 ST/SGB/2000/1] Staff Rules—100 series&lt;ref&gt;[For Article IV (appointment and promotion), see [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/5 ST/SGB/1999/5]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/2 ST/SGB/2000/2] Staff Rules—200 series applicable to technical assistance project personnel
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/3 ST/SGB/2000/3] Staff Rules—300 series governing appointments for service of a limited duration

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="3411" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1'''] (1 January 2018).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/A/59/291 A/59/291] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/732 A/61.732] Staffing of field missions, including the use of 300 and 100-series appointments&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/1 ST/SGB/2000/1] Staff Rules—100 series&lt;ref&gt;For Article IV (appointment and promotion), see [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/5 ST/SGB/1999/5]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/2 ST/SGB/2000/2] Staff Rules—200 series applicable to technical assistance project personnel
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/3 ST/SGB/2000/3] Staff Rules—300 series governing appointments for service of a limited duration

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
    <sha1>1c698dfb45fd26587cd86cf2eab179aba70c71b8</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Management reform</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="7427" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|-
| '''A/75/201''' (forthcoming)
|
|
| SG report on the review of implementation of management reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* A/75/201 ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (forthcoming)

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>9d0f6dbcb66043a687f6f66a29c102ea3c081754</sha1>
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    <text bytes="7476" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/A/75/201 '''A/75/201'''] 
|
|
| SG report on the review of implementation of management reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (forthcoming)

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>0acab32a0b97d015f6004da30c8fc7ac5a14d807</sha1>
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    <text bytes="7462" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/A/75/201 '''A/75/201'''] 
|
|
| SG report on the review of implementation of management reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform''

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>2504cace1a98bfbd881a16341393f1777ce8ffb4</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>2</id>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9050" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the T/PCC and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Types of contingent-owned equipment ==
All COE falls under one of two types, which are reimbursed in different ways: '''major equipment''', or equipment used by a contingent to support the mission mandate (e.g. vehicles, and '''self-sustainment''', or equipment used by the contingent to support itself (e.g. catering, laundry, office supplies). Some categories of equipment can be reimbursed as either major equipment or self-sustainment based on how it is used, e.g. electrical and medical equipment. 

=== Major equipment ===
Major equipment is reimbursed per item or set of equipment using a monthly rate calculated based on the total cost of the equipment and its estimated useful life. If the contingent is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a wet lease), a maintenance factor is included in the reimbursement rate. Otherwise, the UN is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a dry lease). The reimbursement rate also includes a no-fault incident factor, which addresses costs that may be incurred in dealing with damage resulting from no-fault incidents. No reimbursement is paid on account of equipment that is not present or serviceable. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex A&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Self-sustainment ===
In the MOU, the UN and the T/PCC agree on which categories of self-sustainment will be provided by the UN and which by the contingent. For those categories provided by the contingent, reimbursement is paid on a per-person, per-month basis if the agreed service is provided to UN standard. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex B&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Factors ===
Reimbursement rates also take into account a number of factors that provide additional reimbursement. These include
* '''Mission factors'''&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 7&lt;/ref&gt;
** Extreme environmental conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Intensified operational conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Hostile action or forced abandonment factor (maximum of 5% bonus to self-sustainment rates or half of the maintenance rate for major equipment)
* '''Incremental transportation factor''' &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;
** Calculated based on the distance between port of embarkation for in the T/PCC and the port of entry of the mission area, to account for the costs of maintaining supply lines for spare parts, consumables, etc. Applies to the maintenance rate for major equipment only. 

== Loss or damage == 
Loss or damage due to no-fault incidents is covered under the no-fault incident factor.

Loss or damage due to hostile action is covered under the hostile action or forced abandonment mission factor for low-value loss/damage. For high-value single incidents or cumulative losses, the T/PCC can file a claim with the UN.&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 6&lt;/ref&gt; 

== COE Working Group ==
The COE Working Group meets for a two-week session every three years and makes recommendations to the [[Fifth Committee]] of the General Assembly on the basis of issue papers submitted either by Member States or the Secretariat. These recommendations are contained in a report transmitted in a letter from the Chair of the Working Group to the Chair of the Fifth Committee. In recent years, the COE Working Group has divided its work amongst three sub-working groups, one covering major equipment, one covering self-sustainment and one covering medical issues (given the level of specialized expertise required). 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [https://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [https://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/279 74/279]
| 30 Jun 2020
| 2020
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/689 A/74/689]
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/698 A/74/698]
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/754 A/74/754]
| No agreement reached by working group on changes to rates
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. The COE Manual is issued after the General Assembly has taken action on the recommendations of the COE Working Group and reflects the updated policies, procedures and rates related to COE, as well as the text of the model [[memorandum of understanding]].

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2017 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

== See also ==
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Personnel reimbursement]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Budget terminology</title>
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    <text bytes="8408" xml:space="preserve">This is a guide to commonly-used '''terminology used in United Nations budget documents'''.

== Budgeting ==

'''Redeployment'''
: The transfer of funds between groups, classes or objects of expenditure by the Secretariat within an approved budget.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/a/66/5(vol.ii) A/66/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors, Volume II: United Nations peacekeeping operations (2010/11), paras 45-49 &lt;/ref&gt;

'''Vacancy rate'''
: The percentage of posts not filled during a budget period. Budgets are prepared on the basis of historical or projected vacancy rates. The vacancy rates actually used in the calculation of the approved resources are the budgeted rates approved by the General Assembly, usually on the basis of recommendations by the ACABQ. The actual vacancy rates for a financial period are reported in the associated budget performance report. Vacancy rates are calculated separately for national and international staff. 

'''Delayed deployment factor'''
: A factor, usually expressed in percentage terms, applied to the costs associated with military and police personnel to reflect expected delays in reaching the full planned strength during a budget period. 

'''Common staff costs'''
: The percentage of associated staff costs in relation to total net salary (net base salary plus post adjustment). Such costs include contribution to the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund, dependency allowance, education grant, home leave, language allowance, insurance, rental subsidy and staff rotation. 

'''Appropriation'''
: An authorization granted by a legislative body to allocate funds for purposes specified by the legislature or a similar authority. For the United Nations, appropriations are voted upon by the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ic/2013/36 ST/IC/2013/36] United Nations policy framework for International Public Sector Accounting Standards, Appendix II&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Apportionment'''
: The amount to be divided amongst Member States on the basis of the applicable [[scale of assessments]].

== Programme planning ==

The below definitions are drawn from the glossary of terms in Annex I of [https://undocs.org/A/54/456 A/54/456] Results-based budgeting.

'''Evaluation'''
: Determination of the relevance, effectiveness and impact of the outputs, projects, subprogrammes or programmes in the light of the objectives and expected accomplishments.

'''Expected accomplishment'''
: A desired outcome involving benefits to end-users, expressed as a quantitative or qualitative standard,  value or rate. Accomplishments are the direct consequence or effect of the generation of outputs, and lead to the fulfillment of a certain objective.

'''Inputs'''
: Personnel and other resources necessary for producing outputs and achieving accomplishments.

'''Monitoring'''
: Tracking and determining the actual delivery of an output in comparison with the commitments reflected  in the programme budget.

'''Objective'''
: An overall desired achievement, involving a process of change and aimed at meeting certain needs of identified end-users within a given period of time. Objectives can be met through the achievement of certain accomplishments.

'''Output'''
: Final  product  or  service  delivered  by  a  programme  or subprogramme to end-users.

'''Performance indicator'''
: A feature or characteristic used to measure whether and/or    the    extent    to    which    the    expected accomplishment  has  been  achieved.  Performance indicators correspond either directly or indirectly to the expected accomplishment for which they are used to measure performance.

'''Performance measurement'''
:   The   determination   of   realized   accomplishments   in comparison with expected accomplishments, based on data collected for performance indicators for a given period of time or at a certain reference date.

'''Results-based budgeting'''
: A  programme  budget  process  in  which:  (a)  programme ormulation revolves around a set of predefined objectives and    expected    accomplishments;    (b)    expected accomplishments justify the resource requirements which are  derived  from  and  linked  to  the  outputs  required  to achieve  such  accomplishments;  and  (c)  performance  in achieving   expected   accomplishments   is   measured   by performance indicators.

== Human resources ==

'''Post''' (fr: post)
: An authorization to employ a person, or a succession of persons, for the performance of work required by the Organization.&lt;ref&gt;ACC/1983/FB/1 Glossary of financial and budgetary terms by the CCAQ, May 1983&lt;/ref&gt; Once a post has been established by the General Assembly, it remains in existence until the General Assembly decides to abolish it. 

: ''Note: For the process for establishing posts funded under extrabudgetary resources, please see the article on [[extrabudgetary resources#Creation of posts|extrabudgetary resources]].''
:'''Establishment'''
:: A new post is proposed to be established when additional resources are necessary and when it is not possible to redeploy resources from other offices or otherwise accommodate specific activities from within existing resources.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] Overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations, Annex II&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Reassignment'''
:: An approved post that was intended to cover a certain function is proposed to implement other priority mandated activities unrelated to the original function. While a post reassignment may involve a change of location or office, it does not change the category or level of the post.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Redeployment'''
:: An approved post is proposed to be redeployed to cover comparable or related functions in another office.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Post reclassification'''
:: An approved post is proposed to be reclassified (upgraded or downgraded) when the duties and responsibilities of the post have changed substantially. &lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Abolishment'''
:: An approved post is proposed to be abolished if it is no longer needed to implement the activities for which it was approved or to implement other priority mandated activities within the mission.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Conversion''' 
:: Three possible options for post conversion are as follows: 
::* Conversion of general temporary assistance positions to posts: approved positions financed under general temporary assistance are proposed for conversion to posts if the functions being performed are of a continuing nature. 
::* Conversion of individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts to national staff posts: taking into account the continuing nature of certain functions, in line with section VIII, paragraph 11, of General Assembly resolution 59/296, individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts. 
::* Conversion of international staff posts to national staff posts: approved international staff posts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Position''' (fr: poste temporaire)
: In [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] and [[special political missions|special political mission]] budgets, positions are understood to be temporary posts funded through general temporary assistance. Unlike posts, which remain in the staffing table until explicitly abolished by the General Assembly, GTA positions need to be extended each financial period.
: '''Continuation'''
:: Continuation is used to describe the proposed extension of a previously-approved GTA position for an additional financial period.
: '''Conversion''' 
:: Conversion in the context of positions is used to describe the proposed conversion of a position to a post. 

'''General temporary assistance'''
: In the [[regular budget]], general temporary assistance (GTA) funding is primarily used to meet exceptional and/or peak workload circumstances or for replacement of staff on maternity leave or sick leave.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/c.5/54/33 A/C.5/54/33] Use of general temporary assistance for specific positions&lt;/ref&gt; In peacekeeping and special political missions, GTA is used to finance temporary positions. 

== See also ==
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9213" xml:space="preserve">This is a guide to commonly-used '''terminology used in United Nations budget documents'''.

== Budgeting ==

'''Apportionment'''
: The amount to be divided amongst Member States on the basis of the applicable [[scale of assessments]].

'''Appropriation'''
: An authorization granted by a legislative body to allocate funds for purposes specified by the legislature or a similar authority. For the United Nations, appropriations are voted upon by the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ic/2013/36 ST/IC/2013/36] United Nations policy framework for International Public Sector Accounting Standards, Appendix II&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Delayed deployment factor'''
: A factor, usually expressed in percentage terms, applied to the costs associated with military and police personnel to reflect expected delays in reaching the full planned strength during a budget period. 

'''Redeployment'''
: The transfer of funds between [[programme budget#Budget_structure|groups, classes or objects of expenditure]] by the Secretariat within an approved budget.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/a/66/5(vol.ii) A/66/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors, Volume II: United Nations peacekeeping operations (2010/11), paras 45-49 &lt;/ref&gt; This is subject to some limitations. Under the [[programme budget]], the Secretary-General does not have authority to transfer resources between programmes&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1], paragraph 22&lt;/ref&gt; and, as per General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/231 resolution 55/231], any transfer of resources between [[Budget terminology#Human_resources|post and non-post]] objects of expenditure requires prior approval of the General Assembly.

'''Vacancy rate'''
: The percentage of posts not filled during a budget period. Budgets are prepared on the basis of historical or projected vacancy rates. The vacancy rates actually used in the calculation of the approved resources are the budgeted rates approved by the General Assembly, usually on the basis of recommendations by the ACABQ. The actual vacancy rates for a financial period are reported in the associated budget performance report. Vacancy rates are calculated separately for national and international staff. 

'''Common staff costs'''
: The percentage of associated staff costs in relation to total net salary (net base salary plus post adjustment). Such costs include contribution to the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund, dependency allowance, education grant, home leave, language allowance, insurance, rental subsidy and staff rotation. 

== Programme planning ==

The below definitions are drawn from the glossary of terms in Annex I of [https://undocs.org/A/54/456 A/54/456] Results-based budgeting.

'''Evaluation'''
: Determination of the relevance, effectiveness and impact of the outputs, projects, subprogrammes or programmes in the light of the objectives and expected accomplishments.

'''Expected accomplishment'''
: A desired outcome involving benefits to end-users, expressed as a quantitative or qualitative standard,  value or rate. Accomplishments are the direct consequence or effect of the generation of outputs, and lead to the fulfillment of a certain objective.

'''Inputs'''
: Personnel and other resources necessary for producing outputs and achieving accomplishments.

'''Monitoring'''
: Tracking and determining the actual delivery of an output in comparison with the commitments reflected  in the programme budget.

'''Objective'''
: An overall desired achievement, involving a process of change and aimed at meeting certain needs of identified end-users within a given period of time. Objectives can be met through the achievement of certain accomplishments.

'''Output'''
: Final  product  or  service  delivered  by  a  programme  or subprogramme to end-users.

'''Performance indicator'''
: A feature or characteristic used to measure whether and/or    the    extent    to    which    the    expected accomplishment  has  been  achieved.  Performance indicators correspond either directly or indirectly to the expected accomplishment for which they are used to measure performance.

'''Performance measurement'''
:   The   determination   of   realized   accomplishments   in comparison with expected accomplishments, based on data collected for performance indicators for a given period of time or at a certain reference date.

'''Results-based budgeting'''
: A  programme  budget  process  in  which:  (a)  programme ormulation revolves around a set of predefined objectives and    expected    accomplishments;    (b)    expected accomplishments justify the resource requirements which are  derived  from  and  linked  to  the  outputs  required  to achieve  such  accomplishments;  and  (c)  performance  in achieving   expected   accomplishments   is   measured   by performance indicators.

== Human resources ==

'''Post''' (fr: post)
: An authorization to employ a person, or a succession of persons, for the performance of work required by the Organization.&lt;ref&gt;ACC/1983/FB/1 Glossary of financial and budgetary terms by the CCAQ, May 1983&lt;/ref&gt; Once a post has been established by the General Assembly, it remains in existence until the General Assembly decides to abolish it. 

: ''Note: For the process for establishing posts funded under extrabudgetary resources, please see the article on [[extrabudgetary resources#Creation of posts|extrabudgetary resources]].''
:'''Establishment'''
:: A new post is proposed to be established when additional resources are necessary and when it is not possible to redeploy resources from other offices or otherwise accommodate specific activities from within existing resources.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] Overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations, Annex II&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Reassignment'''
:: An approved post that was intended to cover a certain function is proposed to implement other priority mandated activities unrelated to the original function. While a post reassignment may involve a change of location or office, it does not change the category or level of the post.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Redeployment'''
:: An approved post is proposed to be redeployed to cover comparable or related functions in another office.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Post reclassification'''
:: An approved post is proposed to be reclassified (upgraded or downgraded) when the duties and responsibilities of the post have changed substantially. &lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Abolishment'''
:: An approved post is proposed to be abolished if it is no longer needed to implement the activities for which it was approved or to implement other priority mandated activities within the mission.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;
:'''Conversion''' 
:: Three possible options for post conversion are as follows: 
::* Conversion of general temporary assistance positions to posts: approved positions financed under general temporary assistance are proposed for conversion to posts if the functions being performed are of a continuing nature. 
::* Conversion of individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts to national staff posts: taking into account the continuing nature of certain functions, in line with section VIII, paragraph 11, of General Assembly resolution 59/296, individual contractors or individuals on procurement contracts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts. 
::* Conversion of international staff posts to national staff posts: approved international staff posts are proposed for conversion to national staff posts.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid.''&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Position''' (fr: poste temporaire)
: In [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping]] and [[special political missions|special political mission]] budgets, positions are understood to be temporary posts funded through general temporary assistance. Unlike posts, which remain in the staffing table until explicitly abolished by the General Assembly, GTA positions need to be approved each financial period. In practice, the staffing of [[special political missions]] is entirely done through GTA positions rather than on the basis of approved posts; this is in contrast with the practice elsewhere in the [[programme budget|regular budget]] or in [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping missions]]. 
: '''Continuation'''
:: Continuation is used to describe the proposed extension of a previously-approved GTA position for an additional financial period.
: '''Conversion''' 
:: Conversion in the context of positions is used to describe the proposed conversion of a position to a post. 

'''General temporary assistance'''
: In the [[regular budget]], general temporary assistance (GTA) funding is primarily used to meet exceptional and/or peak workload circumstances or for replacement of staff on maternity leave or sick leave.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/c.5/54/33 A/C.5/54/33] Use of general temporary assistance for specific positions&lt;/ref&gt; In peacekeeping and special political missions, GTA is used to finance temporary positions. 

== See also ==
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Programme budget</title>
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    <text bytes="7753" xml:space="preserve">The '''programme budget''', or '''regular budget''', is the budget of the United Nations prepared by the Secretary-General in his capacity as chief administrative officer of the Organization&lt;ref&gt;Article 97 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt; and approved by the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;Article 17 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt;. It does not cover the expenses of large peacekeeping missions funded through [[peacekeeping financing|separate special accounts]]. The appropriation for the approved budget is apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]].

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library has an excellent guide to the programme budget and the many different documents and intergovernmental bodies involved in the budget process: [https://research.un.org/en/docs/budget '''UN Documentation: Regular Budget''']

== Budget period ==
The programme budget runs from 1 January to 31 December, unlike [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]], which run from 1 July to 30 June. 

The budget was originally produced and approved on an annual basis. In General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3043(XXVII) 3043 (XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, the General Assembly approved, "on an experimental basis" the move to a biennial (two-year) budget. The first biennial budget, covering calendar years 1974 and 1975, was approved in General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3199(XXVIII) 3199 (XXVIII)] of 18 December 1973. As part of the [[management reform]], the General Assembly approved "the proposed change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020", in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. 

== Budget structure ==

The programme budget is divided into '''parts''' corresponding to the broad categorization of activities performed by the United Nations. Each part is subdivided into one or more '''sections''', which in turn are subdivided into the budgets for individual entities (e.g. departments and offices). For example, Part II of the 2020 programme budget is divided as follows:

:: Part II: Political affairs
::: Section 3: Political affairs
:::: I. Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
:::: II. Special political missions
:::: III. Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process
:::: IV. United Nations Register of Damage
:::: V. United Nations Office to the African Union
:::: V. Office of Counter-Terrorism
::: Section 4: Disarmament
::: Section 5: Peacekeeping operations
:::: I. Department of Peace Operations
:::: II. United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
:::: III. United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
::: Section 6: Peaceful uses of outer space  

The programme budget is also presented on the basis of different types of expenses, which are referred to as '''objects of expenditure''', as follows:

* [[budget terminology#Human_resources|Posts]]
* Other staff costs
* Non-staff compensation
* [[Categories of personnel#Consultants_and_individual_contractors|Consultants]]
* [[Categories of personnel#Other_personnel|Experts]]
* Travel of representatives
* Travel of staff
* Contractual services
* General operating expenses
* Hospitality
* Supplies and materials
* Furniture and equipment
* Improvement of premises
* Grants and contributions

== Budget process ==

The regulations and rules that govern the budget are the [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning]] and the [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]. 

Relevant reports on the current annual budget process:
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Budgetary procedures and practices
* [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(Introduction) A/75/6 (Introduction)] Proposed programme budget for 2021: Forward and introduction (see section A: Methodology and Format)

== Approved budgets ==

The approved annual budgets under the process approved in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 resolution 72/266A] are as follows:
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/6/Add.1 A/74/6/Add.1] Programme budget for 2020

== Approved levels ==

The basis of assessment for recent calendar years, reflecting the approved level of the budget and all add-ons, is reflected below. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || $3,084,608,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/264A-C 74/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1008 ST/ADM/SER.B/1008] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1009 ST/ADM/SER.B/1009] ||
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || $45 mil related to the capital master plan to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]; includes [[Scale of assessments#Assessments for Member States and non-Member States|list of budget resolutions]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Overview report</title>
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    <text bytes="3754" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance year !! Budget request year !! Cross-cutting resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/737 A/74/737] || 2018/19 || 2020/21 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/755 A/73/755] || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/789 A/72/789] || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/836 A/71/836] || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/742 A/70/742] || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/839 A/69/839] || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/307 67/307] || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/782 A/68/782] || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/780 A/67/780] || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || [https://undocs.org/a/66/718 A/66/718] || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || [https://undocs.org/a/65/743 A/65/743] || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || [https://undocs.org/a/64/660 A/64/660] || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/259] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || [https://undocs.org/a/62/781 A/62/781] || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || [https://undocs.org/a/61/852 A/61/852] || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/60/880 A/60/880] || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || [https://undocs.org/a/58/759 A/58/759] || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772] || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Status of forces agreement</title>
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    <text bytes="2137" xml:space="preserve">Each peacekeeping operation has a '''status of forces agreement''' (SOFA) that sets out the legal agreement between the host government and the United Nations, including on the application of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]]. Before the conclusion of a SOFA, the Security Council may specify that the model SOFA, contained in [http://undocs.org/a/45/594 A/45/594], shall apply.&lt;ref&gt;The standard practice of the Security Council is to request the conclusion of a SOFA within 30 days of the adoption of the resolution establishing a mission and to decide that "pending the conclusion of such an agreement, the model SOFA agreement of 9 October 1990 (A/45/594) shall apply provisionally". See, for example, resolutions [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] (MINUSCA), [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] (MINUSMA), [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2043(2012) 2043 (2012)] (UNSMIS) and [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] (UNMISS)&lt;/ref&gt;

The SOFA states, ''inter alia'', that:
* Members of the UN peacekeeping mission shall be immune from legal process in respect of words spoken or written and all acts performed by them in their official capacity. 
* Military members of the military component of the UN peacekeeping operation shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their participating States in respect of any criminal offences which may be committed by them in (the host country/territory). Specific responsibilities with regard to exercise of jurisdiction are specified in the [[memorandum of understanding]] signed by a troop-contributing country with the United Nations for each unit deployed to a peacekeeping mission. 

== Analogues ==
The equivalent host country agreement for peace operations without military components is the '''status of mission agreement''' (SOMA). 

Resident coordinator offices generally apply the UNDP '''standard basic assistance agreement''' (SBAA), mutatis mutandis, as their host country agreement. 

== See also ==
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Categories of personnel]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>SOMA</title>
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    <text bytes="40" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Status of forces agreement]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20200625222514|655">
  <title>Peace operations</title>
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    <text bytes="2165" xml:space="preserve">The term '''peace operations''' is an umbrella term used since the 1990s to refer to the range of activities undertaken by the United Nations in the area of peace and security.

== History ==

The term "peace operations" has been used since at least the 1990s as an umbrella term to describe the broad range of political, geographic, social and security issues addressed by the United Nations. 

* In the 1990s, the term was used as an umbrella term to cover preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/1 A/49/1], paragraph 633: “As the previous section (current activities in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping) indicates, the variety of United Nations peace operations is immense, covering political, geographical, social and security matters of almost every description. No two missions are alike.”&lt;/ref&gt;.

* The 2000 [[Brahimi report]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809], paragraphs 10-14&lt;/ref&gt; defined peace operations as encompassing the three areas of conflict prevention/peacemaking, peacekeeping and [[peacebuilding]].

* The 2015 report of the [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/95 A/70/95–S/2015/446], paragraph 18&lt;/ref&gt; reaffirmed the use of the term peace operations to refer to peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] collectively. 

== Field missions ==

The term '''field missions''' is a much older term which is currently used as a synonym for peace operations. It dates from the 1940s and was originally used primarily in relation to economic and social activities undertaken at the country level.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, [https://undocs.org/A/C.2/SR.70 A/C.2/SR.70] General Assembly 3rd Session: Second Committee, Summary Records of the 70th meeting, held at Palais de Chaillot, Paris, Wednesday 3 November 1948&lt;/ref&gt; In the 1970s, its use expanded to cover other activities undertaken outside of Headquarters, including in the areas of human rights and peace and security. Eventually, the term became almost exclusively used to refer to peace and security activities.

== References ==

[[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20201007160308|705">
  <title>Integrated mission</title>
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    <text bytes="2514" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is a mission (either [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping]] or [[special political missions|political]]) in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cost-sharing arrangement ==

The salaries and common staff costs for dual/triple-hatted DSRSGs is shared equally between missions and the Resident Coordinator system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/7/Add.48 A/70/7/Add.48], paragraph 17&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/498 A/73/498], paragraphs 21-28&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/579 A/73/579], paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;

Operational support costs, including official travel, were previously entirely covered by missions but are now covered under the global cost-shared budget as a result of the [[development system reform]].&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/272 B resolution 71/272B], Section V&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
* [https://reliefweb.int/report/world/secretary-generals-note-guidance-integrated-missions Note from the Secretary-General: Guidance on Integrated Missions] (February 2006)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387408 United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning] (April 2013)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387407 Integrated Assessment and Planning Handbook] (December 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/A/70/703 A/70/703] Proposed United Nations Secretariat contribution to the United Nations Development Group cost-sharing arrangement for the resident coordinator system

== See also ==
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5670" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is a mission (either [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping]] or [[special political missions|political]]) in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Integrated assessment and planning policy ==

The 2013 integrated assessment and planning (IAP) policy establishes the minimum and mandatory requirements for assessment and planning in conflict and post-conflict settings where an integrated UN presence is in place or is being considered. It can also be applied in non-integrated settings, mutatis mutandis, as in the case of UNAMID.

The four requirements under the IAP policy are:
# The joint conduct of '''strategic assessments''' to ensure a shared understanding of a conflict or post-conflict situation, role of stakeholders and core peace consolidation priorities, and to propose options for UN engagement on the basis of an assessment of risks and opportunities;
#: Strategic assessments bring together development, humanitarian and human rights entities to develop a shared understanding of a conflict or post-conflict situation, role of stakeholders and core peace consolidation priorities, and to propose options for UN engagement on the basis of an assessment of risks and opportunities. 
#: Strategic assessments form the basis for the development of recommendations to the Secretary-General—and ultimately to the Security Council—on the establishment or reconfiguration of a mission.
# The articulation of a '''common UN vision, priorities and respective responsibilities''' in support of peace consolidation, including relationship, if any, to national plans and priorities;
#: The shared vision, objectives and means are articulated, through an inclusive analytical planning process, in an integrated strategic framework (ISF). An ISF must include: (1) the main findings from integrated assessments; (2) a clear definition and expression of peace consolidation priorities for the UN; (3) an articulation of all programmatic, functional, and/or operational areas requiring an integrated approach; and (4) agreed results, timelines, responsibilities, and other relevant implementation and coordination arrangements. 
#: Other planning frameworks, such as a [[United Nations country team|United Nations sustainable development cooperation framework]] may be used in lieu of an ISF if it includes all required elements.
# The establishment of '''integrated mechanisms''' for joint analysis, planning, coordination, monitoring and decision-making on joint strategic and operational matters at both field and Headquarters levels;
#: At Headquarters, the Integrated Task Force chaired by the lead department and including [[DPPA]], [[DPO]], [[DOS]], [[OHCHR]], [[DSS]] and relevant [[United Nations system|agencies, funds and programmes]] is the main coordination forum.
#: At the mission level, missions have senior-level forums chaired by the SRSG in place for joint decision making on strategic and operational issues. 
#: The mission [[Mission_structures#Office_of_the_Chief_of_Staff|strategic planning unit]] generally serves as the core of a joint working-level analytical and planning capacity, working with the [[United Nations country team|resident coordinator office]].
# The conduct of '''integrated monitoring and reporting''' on the implementation of integrated strategic frameworks.

== Cost-sharing arrangement ==

The salaries and common staff costs for dual/triple-hatted DSRSGs is shared equally between missions and the Resident Coordinator system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/7/Add.48 A/70/7/Add.48], paragraph 17&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/498 A/73/498], paragraphs 21-28&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/579 A/73/579], paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;

Operational support costs, including official travel, were previously entirely covered by missions but are now covered under the global cost-shared budget as a result of the [[development system reform]].&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/272 B resolution 71/272B], Section V&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
* [https://reliefweb.int/report/world/secretary-generals-note-guidance-integrated-missions Note from the Secretary-General: Guidance on Integrated Missions] (February 2006)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387408 United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning] (April 2013)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387407 Integrated Assessment and Planning Handbook] (December 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/A/70/703 A/70/703] Proposed United Nations Secretariat contribution to the United Nations Development Group cost-sharing arrangement for the resident coordinator system

== See also ==
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>Article 19</title>
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    <text bytes="9280" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>76c8d7c8f948c2f6296778a7d0b0ebb382b09381</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>709</id>
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    <text bytes="9399" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe and Somalia || || Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>25c5300340d861fa383eb8a2dba6db1107e52f32</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <text bytes="9495" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344] || Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20201007160308|705">
  <title>Accountability</title>
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    <text bytes="3593" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly, in its resolution 64/259, defined '''accountability''' as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Accountability  is  the  obligation  of  the  Secretariat  and  its  staff  members  to  be  answerable  for  all  decisions  made  and  actions  taken  by  them,  and  to  be  responsible   for   honouring   their   commitments,   without   qualification   or   exception. 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Accountability includes achieving objectives and high-quality results in a timely  and  cost-effective  manner,  in  fully  implementing  and  delivering  on  all  mandates to the Secretariat approved by the United Nations intergovernmental bodies and other subsidiary organs established by them in compliance with all resolutions,   regulations,   rules   and   ethical   standards;   truthful,   objective,  accurate and timely reporting on performance results; responsible stewardship of funds and resources; all aspects of performance, including a clearly defined system  of  rewards  and  sanctions;  and  with  due  recognition  to  the  important  role   of   the   oversight   bodies   and   in   full   compliance   with   accepted   recommendations. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers reports on implementation of an accountability system in the Secretariat annually during the first part of its resumed session in March. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! GA resolution   !! SG report !! [[ACABQ]] report !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/271 74/271] of 13 April 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/658 A/74/658] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/741 A/74/741] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/289 73/289] of 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/688 A/73/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/688/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/800 A/73/800] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/303 72/303] of 5 July 2018  || [https://undocs.org/a/72/773 A/72/773] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/885 A/72/885] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/res/71/283 71/283] of 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/729 A/71/729] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/820 A/71/820] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/255 70/255] of 1 April 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/668 A/70/668] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/770 A/70/770] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/272 69/272] of 2 April 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/676 A/69/676] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/802 A/69/802] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/264 68/264] of 9 April 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/697 A/68/697] || [https://undocs.org/A/68/783 A/68/783] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/253 67/253] of 12 April 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/714 A/67/714] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/776 A/67/776] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/257 66/257] of 9 April 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/692 A/66/692] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/738 A/66/738] || The G77 tabled an [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/L.30 L document] with text rejecting proposals of the Secretary-General's change management team, forcing a vote&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/638/Add.1 A/66/638/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/259 64/259] of 29 March 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/640 A/64/640] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/683 A/64/683] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/683/Corr.1 Corr.1] || Established definition of accountability in the Secretariat
|}

== Delegation of authority ==

An accountability framework, initially consisting of 16 key performance indicators, was established as part of the [[delegation of authority]] system implemented on 1 January 2020.  

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20201007160308|705">
  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
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    <text bytes="15927" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387 A/75/387] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 8 October 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_0m_ST_2020_10_08_Item_143_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
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    <text bytes="9134" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)''' || '''Sudan (Darfur)''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020] Letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council on the independent assessment  of  United Nations-African Union cooperation and the structure and capacity of the [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>United Nations Office to the African Union</title>
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    <text bytes="2176" xml:space="preserve">The  '''United Nations Office to the African Union''' (UNOAU), located in Addis Ababa, was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/288 resolution 64/288] to strengthen coordination and cooperation with the African Union. 

UNOAU was formed from the merger of what were previously four standalone entities in Addis Ababa&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union&lt;/ref&gt;, namely:
* United Nations Liaison Office
* African Union Peace and Support Team 
* United Nations Planning Team for the African Union Mission in Somalia
* The administrative functions of the Joint Support and Coordination Mechanism of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

UNOAU is headed by Special Representative of the Secretary-General, at the level of Under-Secretary-General. The current structure of the Office was approved by the General Assembly in its resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/270 71/270] following a review of the Office and its functioning completed in 2016&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Key documents ==
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[United Nations Office to the African Union]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/860 S/2020/860]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

Other relevant reports:
* [https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] ''Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union'' (Proposed establishment of UNOAU)
* [https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] ''Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General''

== See also ==
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <text bytes="12324" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>adc8202b866889c03cc5cc9c43f18bd6edbc2305</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>726</id>
    <parentid>712</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-11-16T15:50:03Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Added UNITAMS budget</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12402" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>f473cee385eba255588db9cbd9539e8bab2c75b5</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>730</id>
    <parentid>726</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-12-04T21:36:16Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="13502" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism. 

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>21b4c70b8c2722e0c196bfdf8c270c63ebd15172</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>734</id>
    <parentid>730</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-12-23T18:44:39Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Comprehensive review of special political missions */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="13560" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism. 

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>cafa98fa8ad059449f23cbb2d3297baa4bb8ef16</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>739</id>
    <parentid>734</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-12-29T19:24:06Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Differences from peacekeeping operations */  Added reference to guard units.</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="13798" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

'''Uniformed personnel'''
In practice, SPMs do not include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and police contingents]] other than [[guard units]] deployed in a small number of missions for security purposes.

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>76b072f7023daac8ad73ba53c25adfa7408daa30</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>742</id>
    <parentid>739</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-12-29T20:27:52Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* See also */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="13841" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

'''Uniformed personnel'''
In practice, SPMs do not include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and police contingents]] other than [[guard units]] deployed in a small number of missions for security purposes.

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="14139" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Management reform</title>
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    <text bytes="7559" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/A/75/201 '''A/75/201'''] 
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538]
|
| SG report on the review of implementation of management reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <comment>Telegramwriter moved page [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]] to [[Management reform]] over redirect</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7559" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/A/75/201 '''A/75/201'''] 
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538]
|
| SG report on the review of implementation of management reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018. 

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20201007160308|705">
  <title>Safety and security</title>
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    <text bytes="5994" xml:space="preserve">Under the [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Regulations]], the Secretary-General shall seek to ensure "that all necessary '''safety and security''' arrangements are made for staff carrying out the responsibilities entrusted to them"&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 1.2(c)&lt;/ref&gt;. The current framework for safety and security in the [[United Nations system]] was established by the General Assembly in section XI of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276], which established both the '''Department of Safety and Security''' (DSS) and the '''United Nations security management system''' (UNSMS).

== Security management system ==
The UN security management system consists of the policies and structures in place to ensure the safety and security of UN personnel and property. 

=== Framework of accountability ===
The framework of accountability establishes the roles and responsibilities within the security management system&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter II&lt;/ref&gt;. These include:
* '''The Secretary-General'''
: Chief administrative officer of the Organization; accountable for the overall safety and security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets.

* '''Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security'''
: Appointed by the Secretary-General under the terms of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276]. Oversees DSS and exercises delegated authority from the Secretary-General to make decisions relevant to the direction and control of the UNSMS.

* '''Designated official'''
: The most senior United Nations official present in a country, the DO is accountable to the Secretary-General, through the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security, for the security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets within the country or designated area.

* '''Chief Security Adviser'''
: Security professional appointed by the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security to advise the DO on matters of safety and security. 

* '''Security Management Team'''
: Country-level security coordination mechanism chaired by the DO and which includes the heads of each [[United Nations system]] organization present at the duty station as well as the chief security adviser. 

* '''Inter-Agency Security Management Network'''
: Main governance mechanism for the UNSMS. Subsidiary body of the High-Level Committee on Management consisting of the senior managers overseeing security functions within each member organization of the UNSMS. 

=== Applicability ===
[[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] covered by United Nations security arrangements include staff members and eligible family members, interns, United Nations Volunteers, consultants and individually-deployed military and police personnel. Military and police contingents (troops and members of formed police units) are covered under separate mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter III&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Security risk management policy ===
The security risk management policy is a structured approach to identifying harmful events (threats) that may affect the achievement of objectives, assessing the likelihood and impact of those threats and identifying an appropriate response. The combination of likelihood and impact translates into five levels of security risk: low, medium, high, very high and unacceptable. The policy outlines the four approaches to addressing security risks, namely controlling risk, avoiding risk, transferring risk and accepting risk. &lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter IV&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Programme criticality ===
The purpose of the programme criticality framework is to assess programmatic priorities in changing or volatile security situations. The responsibility for programme criticality lies with the senior United Nations representative in country responsible for programmes (i.e. the resident coordinator or Special Representative of the Secretary-General).

== Annual report ==
An annual report is issued by the Secretary-General on safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel, which is considered under the plenary agenda item "Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations". Prior to the 53rd session, this information was contained in a report to the [[Fifth Committee]] on respect for the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] of officials of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and related organizations.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report   !! Year !! Resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/246 A/75/246] || 2019-20 || ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/464 A/74/464] || 2018-19 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/116 74/116] ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/392 A/73/392], [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.2 Corr.2] || 2017-18 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/137 73/137] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/490 A/72/490] || 2016-17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/131 72/131] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/395 A/71/395] || 2015-16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/129 71/129] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/383 A/70/383] || 2014-15 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/104 70/104] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/69/406 A/69/406] || 2013-14 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/133 69/133] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/489 A/68/489] || 2012-13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/101 68/101] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/492 A/67/492] || 2011-12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/85 67/85] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|Privileges and immunities]]
* [https://www.un.org/undss/sites/www.un.org.undss/files/general/unsms_policy_ebook_updated_as_of_7_mar_2019_0.pdf UN Security Policy Manual]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] Organization of the Department of Safety and Security

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Legal]]</text>
    <sha1>75e22e575ca2377efd8a6cf7d5fc16d49c26f9c2</sha1>
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    <comment>/* Annual report */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="6035" xml:space="preserve">Under the [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Regulations]], the Secretary-General shall seek to ensure "that all necessary '''safety and security''' arrangements are made for staff carrying out the responsibilities entrusted to them"&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 1.2(c)&lt;/ref&gt;. The current framework for safety and security in the [[United Nations system]] was established by the General Assembly in section XI of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276], which established both the '''Department of Safety and Security''' (DSS) and the '''United Nations security management system''' (UNSMS).

== Security management system ==
The UN security management system consists of the policies and structures in place to ensure the safety and security of UN personnel and property. 

=== Framework of accountability ===
The framework of accountability establishes the roles and responsibilities within the security management system&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter II&lt;/ref&gt;. These include:
* '''The Secretary-General'''
: Chief administrative officer of the Organization; accountable for the overall safety and security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets.

* '''Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security'''
: Appointed by the Secretary-General under the terms of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276]. Oversees DSS and exercises delegated authority from the Secretary-General to make decisions relevant to the direction and control of the UNSMS.

* '''Designated official'''
: The most senior United Nations official present in a country, the DO is accountable to the Secretary-General, through the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security, for the security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets within the country or designated area.

* '''Chief Security Adviser'''
: Security professional appointed by the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security to advise the DO on matters of safety and security. 

* '''Security Management Team'''
: Country-level security coordination mechanism chaired by the DO and which includes the heads of each [[United Nations system]] organization present at the duty station as well as the chief security adviser. 

* '''Inter-Agency Security Management Network'''
: Main governance mechanism for the UNSMS. Subsidiary body of the High-Level Committee on Management consisting of the senior managers overseeing security functions within each member organization of the UNSMS. 

=== Applicability ===
[[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] covered by United Nations security arrangements include staff members and eligible family members, interns, United Nations Volunteers, consultants and individually-deployed military and police personnel. Military and police contingents (troops and members of formed police units) are covered under separate mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter III&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Security risk management policy ===
The security risk management policy is a structured approach to identifying harmful events (threats) that may affect the achievement of objectives, assessing the likelihood and impact of those threats and identifying an appropriate response. The combination of likelihood and impact translates into five levels of security risk: low, medium, high, very high and unacceptable. The policy outlines the four approaches to addressing security risks, namely controlling risk, avoiding risk, transferring risk and accepting risk. &lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter IV&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Programme criticality ===
The purpose of the programme criticality framework is to assess programmatic priorities in changing or volatile security situations. The responsibility for programme criticality lies with the senior United Nations representative in country responsible for programmes (i.e. the resident coordinator or Special Representative of the Secretary-General).

== Annual report ==
An annual report is issued by the Secretary-General on safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel, which is considered under the plenary agenda item "Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations". Prior to the 53rd session, this information was contained in a report to the [[Fifth Committee]] on respect for the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] of officials of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and related organizations.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report   !! Year !! Resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/246 A/75/246] || 2019-20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/125 75/125] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/464 A/74/464] || 2018-19 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/116 74/116] ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/392 A/73/392], [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.2 Corr.2] || 2017-18 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/137 73/137] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/490 A/72/490] || 2016-17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/131 72/131] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/395 A/71/395] || 2015-16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/129 71/129] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/383 A/70/383] || 2014-15 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/104 70/104] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/69/406 A/69/406] || 2013-14 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/133 69/133] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/489 A/68/489] || 2012-13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/101 68/101] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/492 A/67/492] || 2011-12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/85 67/85] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|Privileges and immunities]]
* [https://www.un.org/undss/sites/www.un.org.undss/files/general/unsms_policy_ebook_updated_as_of_7_mar_2019_0.pdf UN Security Policy Manual]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] Organization of the Department of Safety and Security

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10300" xml:space="preserve">Under the [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Regulations]], the Secretary-General shall seek to ensure "that all necessary '''safety and security''' arrangements are made for staff carrying out the responsibilities entrusted to them"&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 1.2(c)&lt;/ref&gt;. The current framework for safety and security in the [[United Nations system]] was established by the General Assembly in section XI of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276], which established both the '''Department of Safety and Security''' (DSS) and the '''United Nations security management system''' (UNSMS).

== Security management system ==
The UN security management system consists of the policies and structures in place to ensure the safety and security of UN personnel and property. 

=== Framework of accountability ===
The framework of accountability establishes the roles and responsibilities within the security management system&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter II&lt;/ref&gt;. These include:
* '''The Secretary-General'''
: Chief administrative officer of the Organization; accountable for the overall safety and security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets.

* '''Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security'''
: Appointed by the Secretary-General under the terms of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276]. Oversees DSS and exercises delegated authority from the Secretary-General to make decisions relevant to the direction and control of the UNSMS.

* '''Designated official'''
: The most senior United Nations official present in a country, the DO is accountable to the Secretary-General, through the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security, for the security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets within the country or designated area.

* '''Chief Security Adviser'''
: Security professional appointed by the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security to advise the DO on matters of safety and security. 

* '''Security Management Team'''
: Country-level security coordination mechanism chaired by the DO and which includes the heads of each [[United Nations system]] organization present at the duty station as well as the chief security adviser. 

* '''Inter-Agency Security Management Network'''
: Main governance mechanism for the UNSMS. Subsidiary body of the High-Level Committee on Management consisting of the senior managers overseeing security functions within each member organization of the UNSMS. 

=== Applicability ===
[[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] covered by United Nations security arrangements include staff members and eligible family members, interns, United Nations Volunteers, consultants and individually-deployed military and police personnel. Military and police contingents (troops and members of formed police units) are covered under separate mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter III&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Security risk management policy ===
The security risk management policy is a structured approach to identifying harmful events (threats) that may affect the achievement of objectives, assessing the likelihood and impact of those threats and identifying an appropriate response. The combination of likelihood and impact translates into five levels of security risk: low, medium, high, very high and unacceptable. The policy outlines the four approaches to addressing security risks, namely controlling risk, avoiding risk, transferring risk and accepting risk. &lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter IV&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Programme criticality ===
The purpose of the programme criticality framework is to assess programmatic priorities in changing or volatile security situations. The responsibility for programme criticality lies with the senior United Nations representative in country responsible for programmes (i.e. the resident coordinator or Special Representative of the Secretary-General).

== Annual report ==
An annual report is issued by the Secretary-General on safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel, which is considered under the plenary agenda item "Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations". Prior to the 53rd session, this information was contained in a report to the [[Fifth Committee]] on respect for the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] of officials of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and related organizations.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report   !! Year !! Resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/246 A/75/246] || 2019-20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/125 75/125] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/464 A/74/464] || 2018-19 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/116 74/116] ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/392 A/73/392], [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.2 Corr.2] || 2017-18 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/137 73/137] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/490 A/72/490] || 2016-17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/131 72/131] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/395 A/71/395] || 2015-16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/129 71/129] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/383 A/70/383] || 2014-15 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/104 70/104] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/69/406 A/69/406] || 2013-14 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/133 69/133] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/489 A/68/489] || 2012-13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/101 68/101] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/492 A/67/492] || 2011-12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/85 67/85] ||
|}

== Armed private security ==
In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of additional capacities to protect United Nations personnel and premises. In addition to the longstanding practice of engaging unarmed local contractors to secure premises, the United Nations has also, at times, considered the deployment of [[guard units]] or the engagement of armed private security companies. 

The following four criteria govern the use of armed private security companies:
# The decision to contract an armed private security company should be taken in accordance with existing approval processes and accountability mechanisms for all security-related decisions;
# The United Nations should use services provided by armed private security companies only to cover guarding of personnel at United Nations facilities and mobile armed escorts;
# An armed private security company contracted by the United Nations should come under the clear authority and direction of the appropriate organization of the United Nations system with specific policies and guidelines for the United Nations security management system;
# In procuring the services of an armed private security company, the United Nations should ensure adherence to the Financial Regulations and Rules and procurement policies and procedures and should choose only companies that meet agreed criteria according to the established vetting standards and mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

The General Assembly, in section V of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254] stressed that armed private security services should only be use as a last resort to enable United Nations activities in high-risk environments only when a United Nations security risk assessment concludes that other alternatives, including protection by the host country, support from the Member States concerned or internal United Nations system resources are inadequate.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254], section V paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Background ===
In 2010, the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination drew attention to the lack of accountability mechanisms for mercenaries, private military and security companies and their personnel. It noted that the United Nations lacked a system-wide policy on where and in what conditions it will hire private military and security companies,  and on the associated oversight system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325], section II&lt;/ref&gt;

In response, a policy on armed private security companies was established in 2012 and included in chapter IV of the [[safety and security|UNSMS]] security policy manual; this was accompanied by guidelines on the use of armed security sevices from private security companies. The guidelines enumerate the services which may be contracted from an armed private security company, criteria for consideration of the use of armed private security, the decision making framework, selection process, considerations regarding use of force and standard operating procedures, training standards and management and oversight.&lt;ref&gt;UNSMS Security Management Operations Manual&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325] Report of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination
* [https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539] Use of private security: Report of the Secretary-General
** [https://undocs.org/A/67/623 A/67/624] Use of private security: Report of the ACABQ
* [https://undocs.org/a/69/338 A/69/338] Report of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination
** This is a dedicated report on the use of private military and security companies by the United Nations
* [https://www.un.org/en/pdfs/undss-unsms_policy_ebook.pdf United Nations Security Management System: Security Policy Manual] (PDF)

== See also ==
* [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|Privileges and immunities]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [https://www.un.org/undss/sites/www.un.org.undss/files/general/unsms_policy_ebook_updated_as_of_7_mar_2019_0.pdf UN Security Policy Manual]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] Organization of the Department of Safety and Security

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
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    <text bytes="4808" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 '''A/75/202''']
|
| 
| SG report on the review of implementation of the peace and security reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525] ''Restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] ''Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] ''Assessment of the Police Division'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702])
* [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 A/75/202] ''Review of the implementation of the peace and security reform''

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4905" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 '''A/75/202''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/596 A/75/596]
| 
| SG report on the review of implementation of the peace and security reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525] ''Restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] ''Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] ''Assessment of the Police Division'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702])
* [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 A/75/202] ''Review of the implementation of the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/596 A/75/596])

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
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    <text bytes="9108" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the T/PCC and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/72/288 2017 edition]. 

== Types of contingent-owned equipment ==
All COE falls under one of two types, which are reimbursed in different ways: '''major equipment''', or equipment used by a contingent to support the mission mandate (e.g. vehicles, and '''self-sustainment''', or equipment used by the contingent to support itself (e.g. catering, laundry, office supplies). Some categories of equipment can be reimbursed as either major equipment or self-sustainment based on how it is used, e.g. electrical and medical equipment. 

=== Major equipment ===
Major equipment is reimbursed per item or set of equipment using a monthly rate calculated based on the total cost of the equipment and its estimated useful life. If the contingent is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a wet lease), a maintenance factor is included in the reimbursement rate. Otherwise, the UN is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a dry lease). The reimbursement rate also includes a no-fault incident factor, which addresses costs that may be incurred in dealing with damage resulting from no-fault incidents. No reimbursement is paid on account of equipment that is not present or serviceable. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex A&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Self-sustainment ===
In the MOU, the UN and the T/PCC agree on which categories of self-sustainment will be provided by the UN and which by the contingent. For those categories provided by the contingent, reimbursement is paid on a per-person, per-month basis if the agreed service is provided to UN standard. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex B&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Factors ===
Reimbursement rates also take into account a number of factors that provide additional reimbursement. These include
* '''Mission factors'''&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 7&lt;/ref&gt;
** Extreme environmental conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Intensified operational conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Hostile action or forced abandonment factor (maximum of 5% bonus to self-sustainment rates or half of the maintenance rate for major equipment)
* '''Incremental transportation factor''' &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;
** Calculated based on the distance between port of embarkation for in the T/PCC and the port of entry of the mission area, to account for the costs of maintaining supply lines for spare parts, consumables, etc. Applies to the maintenance rate for major equipment only. 

== Loss or damage == 
Loss or damage due to no-fault incidents is covered under the no-fault incident factor.

Loss or damage due to hostile action is covered under the hostile action or forced abandonment mission factor for low-value loss/damage. For high-value single incidents or cumulative losses, the T/PCC can file a claim with the UN.&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 6&lt;/ref&gt; 

== COE Working Group ==
The COE Working Group meets for a two-week session every three years and makes recommendations to the [[Fifth Committee]] of the General Assembly on the basis of issue papers submitted either by Member States or the Secretariat. These recommendations are contained in a report transmitted in a letter from the Chair of the Working Group to the Chair of the Fifth Committee. In recent years, the COE Working Group has divided its work amongst three sub-working groups, one covering major equipment, one covering self-sustainment and one covering medical issues (given the level of specialized expertise required). 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [https://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [https://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/279 74/279]
| 30 Jun 2020
| 2020
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/689 A/74/689]
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/698 A/74/698]
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/754 A/74/754]
| No agreement reached by working group on changes to rates
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. The COE Manual is issued after the General Assembly has taken action on the recommendations of the COE Working Group and reflects the updated policies, procedures and rates related to COE, as well as the text of the model [[memorandum of understanding]].

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2020 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/A/75/121 A/75/121]
* 2017 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

== See also ==
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Personnel reimbursement]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9108" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the T/PCC and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/75/121 2020 edition]. 

== Types of contingent-owned equipment ==
All COE falls under one of two types, which are reimbursed in different ways: '''major equipment''', or equipment used by a contingent to support the mission mandate (e.g. vehicles, and '''self-sustainment''', or equipment used by the contingent to support itself (e.g. catering, laundry, office supplies). Some categories of equipment can be reimbursed as either major equipment or self-sustainment based on how it is used, e.g. electrical and medical equipment. 

=== Major equipment ===
Major equipment is reimbursed per item or set of equipment using a monthly rate calculated based on the total cost of the equipment and its estimated useful life. If the contingent is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a wet lease), a maintenance factor is included in the reimbursement rate. Otherwise, the UN is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a dry lease). The reimbursement rate also includes a no-fault incident factor, which addresses costs that may be incurred in dealing with damage resulting from no-fault incidents. No reimbursement is paid on account of equipment that is not present or serviceable. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex A&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Self-sustainment ===
In the MOU, the UN and the T/PCC agree on which categories of self-sustainment will be provided by the UN and which by the contingent. For those categories provided by the contingent, reimbursement is paid on a per-person, per-month basis if the agreed service is provided to UN standard. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex B&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Factors ===
Reimbursement rates also take into account a number of factors that provide additional reimbursement. These include
* '''Mission factors'''&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 7&lt;/ref&gt;
** Extreme environmental conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Intensified operational conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Hostile action or forced abandonment factor (maximum of 5% bonus to self-sustainment rates or half of the maintenance rate for major equipment)
* '''Incremental transportation factor''' &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;
** Calculated based on the distance between port of embarkation for in the T/PCC and the port of entry of the mission area, to account for the costs of maintaining supply lines for spare parts, consumables, etc. Applies to the maintenance rate for major equipment only. 

== Loss or damage == 
Loss or damage due to no-fault incidents is covered under the no-fault incident factor.

Loss or damage due to hostile action is covered under the hostile action or forced abandonment mission factor for low-value loss/damage. For high-value single incidents or cumulative losses, the T/PCC can file a claim with the UN.&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 6&lt;/ref&gt; 

== COE Working Group ==
The COE Working Group meets for a two-week session every three years and makes recommendations to the [[Fifth Committee]] of the General Assembly on the basis of issue papers submitted either by Member States or the Secretariat. These recommendations are contained in a report transmitted in a letter from the Chair of the Working Group to the Chair of the Fifth Committee. In recent years, the COE Working Group has divided its work amongst three sub-working groups, one covering major equipment, one covering self-sustainment and one covering medical issues (given the level of specialized expertise required). 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [https://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [https://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/279 74/279]
| 30 Jun 2020
| 2020
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/689 A/74/689]
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/698 A/74/698]
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/754 A/74/754]
| No agreement reached by working group on changes to rates
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. The COE Manual is issued after the General Assembly has taken action on the recommendations of the COE Working Group and reflects the updated policies, procedures and rates related to COE, as well as the text of the model [[memorandum of understanding]].

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2020 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/A/75/121 A/75/121]
* 2017 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

== See also ==
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Personnel reimbursement]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Mission structures</title>
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    <text bytes="8757" xml:space="preserve">Many elements of '''mission structures''' are consistent across missions, though details of reporting lines and [[Organization_of_the_Secretariat#Organizational_nomenclature|nomenclature]] can vary based on the specifics of the mandate. This page describes the functions and organization of the main structures in a [[multidimensional mission|multidimensional peacekeeping mission]]. 

== Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General ==
The SRSG is the head of mission and is usually the senior UN official in the country. For large field missions, the SRSG is an official of Under-Secretary-General (USG) rank, while in smaller missions the SRSG is often an official of Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) rank. 
* '''Conduct and Discipline Team''': Supports the head of mission on ensuring conduct and discipline in the mission, including in implementing measures to prevent and respond to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] by United Nations personnel.
* '''Gender Affairs''': Responsible for gender mainstreaming and ensuring gender-sensitive planning and analysis. Covers gender-based violence (distinct from conflict-related sexual violence, which falls under human rights/women's protection). 

=== Office of the Chief of Staff ===
* '''Joint Operations Centre''': Provides integrated (civilian, military and police) situational awareness and supports mission crisis management.
* '''Joint Mission Analysis Centre''': Provides integrated (civilian, military and police) integrated analysis and assessments in support of mission planning and decision-making.
* '''Strategic Planning Unit''': Supports development of mission-wide planning documents. In most missions, the SPU also tracks the [[peacekeeping financing|results-based budgeting framework]]. 
* '''Board of Inquiry Unit''': Supports mission [[board of inquiry|boards of inquiry]], which are convened when there are incidents involving death, serious injury or loss or damage to property. 
* '''Legal''': Provides internal legal support and advice. 
* '''Field Office Coordination''': Facilitates coordination between mission headquarters and mission offices at the state/region level. 
* '''Best Practices''': Collects best practices from across the mission and serves as interface with [[Department of Peace Operations|DPET]] at Headquarters to obtain best practices from other peace operations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/62/593 A/62/593] Peacekeeping best practices&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Safety and Security ===
: Headed by a Chief Security Adviser. Often colloquially referred to as DSS, as the key officers are from the UN Department of Safety and Security (DSS). Responsible for ensuring the safety and security of all UN personnel (field mission and UN Country Team) and for supporting the SRSG in his/her role as the Designated Official (DO) responsible for the entire country under the [[Safety and security|UN Security Management System]].

=== Public information ===
: The public information or strategic communications section is headed by the mission spokesperson. In some missions, the mission operates a radio station (e.g. Radio Miraya in UNMISS); these are part of the public information section. 

== Substantive component == 

=== Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General === 
A multidimensional mission may have one or two deputy special representatives of the Secretary-General (DSRSG), depending on the size of the mission and complexity of the mandate. In [[integrated mission|structurally-integrated missions]], one of the two DSRSGs concurrently serves as the [[United Nations country team|resident coordinator]] and, in some cases, also the [[Humanitarian country team|humanitarian coordinator]]. 

The other DSRSG is usually designated the DSRSG for Political Affairs, or DSRSG(P). 

=== Substantive offices === 
: These are units reporting to one of the DSRSGs. With the exception of political affairs, which always reports to the DSRSG(P), the various units can report to either DSRSG depending on the specific mission.
* '''Political Affairs''': Responsible for mission engagement with government and political processes 
* '''Civil Affairs''': Responsible for mission engagement with communities and local authorities
* '''Electoral Affairs'''
* '''Human Rights''': Responsibilities can include monitoring, reporting and investigation. Has a dual reporting line to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Since 2015, dedicated capacities for child protection and conflict-related sexual violence have been consolidated within human rights divisions.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682], paragraph 66&lt;/ref&gt;
** '''Child Protection'''
** '''Women’s Protection''': Responsible for addressing conflict-related sexual violence.  
* '''Security Sector Reform'''
* '''Rule of Law/Justice and Corrections'''
* '''Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration'''
* '''Mine Action'''

== Military component ==
The [[military component]] in a multidimensional mission is headed by the '''Force Commander'''. The military component can consist of different types of military personnel, including troops, military staff officers, [[military observers]] and military liaison officers. 

=== Force headquarters&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89596 Force Headquarters Handbook]&lt;/ref&gt; ===
: The day-to-day management of Force Headquarters is the responsibility of the Force Chief of Staff. Force Headquarters are generally arranged along the basis of the continental staff system, as follows:
* '''Personnel and Administration''' (U-1)
* '''Intelligence''' (U-2)
* '''Operations''' (U-3)
* '''Logistics''' (U-4)
* '''Plans and Policy''' (U-5)
* '''Communications''' (U-6)
* '''Training''' (U-7)
* '''Engineering''' (U-8)
* '''Civil-Military Coordination''' (U-9)

=== Sector headquarters ===
: Due to the size of the mission area, missions are generally organized into multiple sectors, each with a Sector Commander subordinate to the Force Commander. The Force Headquarters structure is often replicated at a lower level for each sector. 

: Note that military sectors do not always align with the organization of mission field offices. 

== Police component ==
The [[United Nations police|police component]] is headed by the '''Police Commissioner'''. The police component consists of individually-deployed police officers (IPOs) and, in some missions, formed police units responsible for public order maintenance. In most missions, IPOs have a training and capacity development function, though in some missions, the police component has an executive mandate and exercises law enforcement authority within the mission area. 

== Mission support component ==
The mission support structure presented below reflects the DFS guidance on mission support structures issued in September 2017&lt;ref&gt;DFS Supplementary Guidance on Mission Support Structures, 1 September 2017&lt;/ref&gt;, though some missions still follow the legacy structure and nomenclature. 

The mission support component is headed by a director (D-2) or chief (D-1) of mission support responsible for the general management of the human, financial and physical resources of the mission. The Office of the DMS generally includes the aviation safety, audit response, occupational health and safety and information and records management functions. 

=== Operations and resource management === 
: This pillar brings together cross-cutting mission support functions. 
* '''Human Resources'''
* '''Budget/Financial Resourcing and Performance'''
* '''Field Technology''' (previously Geospatial, Information Technology and Telecommunications Section)
* '''Mission Support Centre''': The support planning function for the mission
=== Service delivery management === 
: The service delivery pillar provides logistics support services to the mission. 
* '''Transport''': manages mission vehicle fleet (only UN-owned equipment; does not cover [[contingent-owned equipment]])
* '''Aviation''': manages mission air operations, including military utility helicopters. 
* '''Medical'''
* '''Engineering and Facilities Maintenance'''
* '''Life Support''': Manages fuel, rations/catering and general supply. 
=== Supply chain management === 
: This pillar includes the supply chain planning, sourcing, delivery, return and enabling functions.
* '''Property Management'''
* '''Acquisitions Management''': covers acquisition planning, requisitioning and contract performance evaluation 
* '''Procurement'''
* '''Central Warehousing'''
* '''Movement Control''' (MOVCON): Facilitates the movement of UN-owned equipment, contingent-owned equipment and personnel

== See also ==
* [[United Nations country team]]
* [[Humanitarian country team]]

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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  <title>UNITAMS</title>
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    <comment>Redirected page to [[United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="78" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan]]</text>
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  <title>United Nations Flag</title>
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    <text bytes="1132" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations Flag''' is one of the most recognizable symbols of the Organization.   

== General Assembly resolutions ==

The General Assembly, in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/167(II) 167(II)] of 20 October 1947 stated:
&lt;blockquote&gt;Resolves that the flag of the United Nations shall be the [[United Nations emblem|official emblem adopted by the General Assembly]]…centred on a light blue ground;
Directs the Secretary-General to draw up regulations concerning the dimensions and proprtions of the flag;
Authorizes the Secretary-General to adopt a flag code, having in mind the desirability of a regulated use of the flag and the protection of its dignity.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Flag Code and Regulations ==

The use of the United Nations flag is governed by the United Nations Flag Code and Regulations, which covers subjects such as the dimensions of the flag, flag protocol, use of the flag, prohibitions and mourning. 

The text of the '''United Nations Flag Code and Regulations''' can be found in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2020/4 ST/SGB/2020/4]

[[Category:Legal]]

== See also ==
* [[United Nations emblem]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping financing</title>
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    <text bytes="14312" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Peacekeeping missions]]''', with the exception of [[UNTSO]] and [[UNMOGIP]] (which were established before the introduction of special accounts for peacekeeping missions) are financed separately from the "regular" [[programme budget]] of the United Nations. This is in contrast with [[special political missions]], which are funded from the regular budget. 

== Peacekeeping budgets ==
General Assembly [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] set the current annual [[peacekeeping financial period]] of 1 July to 30 June. Each mission has a separate budget funded through a separate special account.

Unlike the "regular" programme budget, which is a monolithic budget assessed under the regular budget [[scale of assessments]], each peacekeeping mission has a separate special account assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]]. Three other accounts—the support account, the [[Global Service Centre]], and the [[Regional Service Centre in Entebbe]]—also support peacekeeping operations but are funded through a pro rata charge against each client mission. The totality of requirements requested is summarized in the annual peacekeeping [[overview report]].

=== Peacekeeping mission budget structure ===
Mission budget requirements are based on the [[results-based budgeting framework]] (RBB framework), which—in theory—translates a [[Security Council]] mandate into expected accomplishments, reflected as indicators of achievement and outputs, which form the basis for allocating resources to missions. 
  
Budgets for peacekeeping operations are broken into three broad groups of expenditure: 

* Military and police personnel: costs associated with military and police personnel and their [[Contingent-owned equipment|equipment]].
* Civilian personnel: costs associated with civilian staff.
* Operational requirements: all other costs, including for consultants, mission support, [[programmatic activities]] and quick-impact projects.

These are further divided into classes of expenditure (e.g. military contingent personnel), which themselves are subdivided into objects of expenditure (e.g. troop reimbursement, contingent-owned equipment reimbursement, travel, allowances, rations and death and disability compensation for military contingent personnel). At the mission level, the heads of the mission support component (directors of mission support for large missions and chiefs of mission support for small missions) have the flexibility to re-allocate requirements within groups of expenditure based on operational requirements, though transferring resources between groups requires approval from the Controller’s office at Headquarters.

The budget is generally only broken down to the object level in the report containing the Secretary-General's proposal, but a more detailed breakdown is presented in tabular form in supplementary information provided to the [[ACABQ]]. The same information provided to the ACABQ is generally presented to the Fifth Committee at the start of informal consultations on the mission budget in question. 

==== Group 1: Military and police personnel ====
The Security Council sets the maximum authorized military and police strength of a mission, though the Secretary-General has the flexibility to determine how many military and police personnel are required to implement a mandate, as long as he remains within the authorized strength. As reimbursement rates for contingent personnel (and, to a lesser extent, their equipment) as well as [[mission subsistence allowance]] for military observers and IPOs are generally fixed, the primary cost driver is the number of military and police personnel deployed, which is generally expressed through the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel. This figure represents the average percentage of authorized personnel not deployed during the financial period. 

==== Group 2: Civilian personnel ====
In the case of civilian personnel, the General Assembly approves every staff post or position. Starting in 2013, the Secretary-General began periodic civilian staffing reviews to review whether the staffing tables were still aligned with mission requirements&lt;ref&gt;As requested in paragraph 23 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 resolution 66/264] of 21 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;.  Staff costs are generally constant, though periodic revisions of staff salaries can cause changes every few years. As such, overall civilian personnel costs are primarily driven by the number and type of authorized posts and the budgeted vacancy rate for each category of personnel.

==== Group 3: Operational requirements ====
The costs under each class within the operational requirements group of expenditure is primarily determined by planning assumptions that are scrutinized by the [[Fifth Committee]]. These include useful lifespan benchmarks and staff-to-equipment ratios considered in procurement plans, different models for contracting for fuel, cost-benefit analysis of brick-and-mortar construction vs. use of prefabricated structures, and consideration of whether project implementation plans (for procurement, construction, [[quick-impact projects]], etc.) are realistic given conditions on the ground.

=== Support account ===
The [[support account]] was established effective 1 January 1990&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 resolution 45/258]&lt;/ref&gt; to finance posts and positions at Headquarters that support peacekeeping operations. Previously, these posts and positions were funded through each individual mission budget and were known as “overload” posts. There was, however, a recognition that consolidating all overload posts into a single budget would facilitate better analysis of the totality of resources supporting peacekeeping operations at Headquarters, allow for more efficient use of those resources, and more easily allow for planning for potential missions. 

=== Global Service Centre ===
The Global Service Center (GSC) consists of the [[United Nations Logistics Base]] (UNLB) in Brindisi, Italy, as well as the [[United Nations Support Base]] in Valencia, Spain. Under the [[Global Field Support Strategy]], the GSC is responsible for handling global operational support to peacekeeping missions in areas such as information and communications technology and logistics. UNLB also manages the UN strategic deployment stocks and UN reserve of equipment that can be rapidly-deployed to support new or expanding field missions.

The financing arrangement for GSC was approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/1B 52/1 B].

=== Regional Service Centre, Entebbe ===
A similar financing arrangement to that of the GSC applies to the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]] (RSCE)&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 63 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 resolution 69/307]&lt;/ref&gt; which primarily services missions in Africa. 

== Budget process ==
=== Mandate ===
The mandate of each peacekeeping mission is established by the Security Council. Since 2009, the Security Council has requested an estimate of resource implications from the Secretariat whenever a new peacekeeping mission is proposed, or where significant change to a mandate is envisaged.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/24 S/PRST/2009/24] Statement by the President of the Security Council, 5 August 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Budget preparation ===
The Secretary-General submits full-year budget requests for each peacekeeping mission on the basis of the mandate and planning assumptions applicable at the time of submission, with the assumption that any mission whose mandate expires during the financial period will be renewed with the same mandate to avoid prejudging any decision by the Security Council to change or terminate a mandate.

Mission budget formulation begins a year in advance of the financial period in question with the issuance of budget instructions, including timelines, by the Controller. These are accompanied by mission-specific strategic guidance, including priorities for financial period, issued by [[DPKO]] ([[DPO]] after 1 January 2019). On the basis of the budget instructions and strategic guidance, the [[mission structures#Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General|head of mission]] approves mission budget instructions that are issued by the director or chief of mission support to the chief of staff, substantive component unit heads and mission support section chiefs. Preparation of the overall [[results-based budgeting framework]] is coordinated by the mission chief of staff. Resource requirements (post and non-post) are developed by each substantive unit or cost centre and compiled by the chief budget officer prior to submission to the director or chief of mission support and then to the head of mission. 

In the fall, missions submit their budget requests to the Controller in Headquarters. Mission budget requests are supposed to be finalized by January, after which they are edited, translated, and submitted to the [[ACABQ]] for its consideration. The Secretary-General’s requests and the associated ACABQ reports are then presented to the [[Fifth Committee]] for consideration during the second part of its resumed session in May.

=== Intergovernmental consideration ===
The second part of the resumed session of the Fifth Committee is supposed to be reserved for consideration of the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Although the second part of the resumed session is scheduled for four weeks in May, in practice the Committee regularly meets until the end of June.  If budgets are not adopted by the end of the fiscal year, peacekeeping missions no longer have a legal basis for incurring expenses. 

The Fifth Committee considers mission budgets separately from the budgets of the support account, GSC and RSCE. Separate financing resolutions are adopted for each mission, the support account, GSC and RSCE. Because the support account, GSC and RSCE are funded through pro rata charges to their client missions, the mission budget resolutions cannot be finalized until after agreements have been reached on the support account, GSC and RSCE (if applicable) in order to calculate the shares of those budgets to include in each of the mission financing resolutions. 

In addition to budget requests for the next peacekeeping financial period, the Fifth Committee also reviews budget performance reports from the previous financial period, the report of the Board of Auditors on peacekeeping operations, a report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services summarizing its activities with regards to peacekeeping from the previous year, an annual report by the Secretary-General on special measures against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. 

=== Appropriation and assessment ===
Draft [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for each mission can only be finalized after agreement has been reached on the requirements of the individual missions, the support account, and the GSC. Peacekeeping financial resolutions fundamentally accomplish the following:
# Establish the authorized appropriation for the mission.
# Determine the assessment under the peacekeeping [[scale of assessments]]. 
# Determine how much of the assessment should go to the Tax Equalization Fund.
# Place the financing of the mission on the agenda for the next session of the General Assembly.

The appropriation for the mission, which determines the amount that the Secretary-General is authorized to spend consists of three components: (1) the requirements of the mission as determined by the Fifth Committee based on its consideration of the Secretary-General’s request and ACABQ recommendations; (2) the mission’s share of the support account budget; and (3) the mission’s share of the GSC and RSCE budgets. 

The assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to charge (or “apportion amongst”) Member States to finance an appropriation. Most missions are assessed twice; the first assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the proportion of the appropriation corresponding to the part of the fiscal year covered by a mission’s active mandate. The second assessment authorizes the Secretary-General to bill Member States for the remaining amount of the appropriation subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate. 

=== Budget implementation ===
Budget implementation refers to the utilization of the approved budget during the financial year. As necessary, funds can be redeployed between cost centers or classes of expenditure.    

=== Performance reporting ===
After the financial period has ended, the mission prepares a performance report for consideration by the General Assembly on actual performance against the approved budget. Any redeployment of funds must be reflected in performance reports. 

=== Commitment authority ===
[[Commitment authority]] is a mechanism by which the missions are able to make commitments in the absence of an approved budget. During mission start-up or expansion, missions can use commitment authority to draw against the balance of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]. The General Assembly may also decide to approve commitment authority with assessment, usually for six months, in lieu of approving a full budget when a mission is in transition or if circumstances have changed since the budget was prepared. 

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions|List of peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#History|Peacekeeping financial crisis of the 1960s]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping financial period]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]
* [[Budget terminology]]
* [[Special political missions]]

=== Documents ===
* UNEF Financial Rules
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/UNEF/2 ST/SGB/UNEF/2] Provisional Financial Rules (15 November 1957)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/UNEF/2/Rev.1 ST/SGB/UNEF/2/Rev.1] Financial Rules (15 December 1958)
** ST/SGB/UNEF/2/Rev.2 Financial Rules (30 December 1960)

== References ==

[[Category: budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Seconded personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="3915" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat makes use of '''seconded active-duty military and police personnel''' at Headquarters and in peace operations in functions previously performed by military and police personnel provided by Member States as [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel]]. Seconded military and police personnel recruited against posts remain in active-duty status with their national Governments while at the same time serving as United Nations staff members appointed under a letter of appointment signed by them and by, or on behalf of, the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;Staff regulation 4.1&lt;/ref&gt;

Note that the term "secondment" is used to refer to both seconded military and police personnel as well as staff from other organizations of the [[common system]] seconded under the [[human resources terminology#Inter-agency mobility|inter-organization agreement on transfer, secondment or loan]]. This article deals only with the former. 

== Selection ==

Seconded military and police personnel are selected through a competitive selection process. Member States are invited to nominate active-duty officers against specified job openings. A tripartite agreement is concluded between the United Nations, the Government and the active-duty officer selected for service with the United Nations. Following the conclusion of the tripartite agreement, the seconded officer signs a letter of appointment with the United Nations.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

Once selected, seconded military and police personnel serve normally for two years, up to a maximum of four years.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;

== Issues ==

In some cases, national legislation applicable to seconded officers conflicts with the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]].  

For example, seconded personnel, as United Nations staff members, are remunerated in the same manner as other staff members (e.g. salary, post adjustment, benefits). However, some seconded officials continue to receive salaries and/or benefits from their governments. In some cases, national legislation of some Member States prohibits active duty personnel from receiving remuneration from other organizations and therefore. At the same time, staff regulation 1.2(j) stipulates that "No staff member shall accept any honour, decoration, favour, gift or remuneration from any Government." 

This issue was first raised to the attention of the Assembly in the context of the 2013/14 budgets for peacekeeping operations. Although proposals have been made to resolve the issue, these have not been adopted by the General Assembly, therefore necessitating the use and extension of exceptional measures (e.g. payment of salaries to the T/PCC instead of to the seconded active duty officer) to allow all Member States to participate. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! Resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&amp;nbsp;(85-89) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 67/287]&amp;nbsp;(21) || Authorized SG to take exceptional measures "to facilitate the full participation of all Member States in seconding active-duty officers" through 31 Dec 2013
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/252 68/252] || GA rejected proposed amendments to the Staff Regulations and Rules; extended exceptional measures through 31 Dec 2016
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/257 A/71/257] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/263 71/263] || GA extended exceptional measures to 31 Dec 2019
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/546 A/74/546] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/254 74/254] || GA extended exceptional measures to 30 Jun 2020
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/700 A/74/700] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/254B 74/254B] || GA extended exceptional measures to 31 Jul 2021
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="14214" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2020, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/AC.121/2020/INF/3 A/AC.121/2020/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2021 || || [https://undocs.org/A/75/563 A/75/563] ||
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || First report under new format structured around the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] priority areas
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Inter-mission cooperation</title>
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    <text bytes="10009" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' ('''IMC''') refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission transfer between missions is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions to prohibit cross-borrowing:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
: (a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
: (b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
: (c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
: (d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

A similar arrangement was authorized for ONUB and MONUC in resolution [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] of 21 December 2005. 

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council resolution !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2348(2017) 2348 (2017)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Requested SG  to  explore  possibility  of  IMC  transfers of  troops  and  their  assets  from  other missions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1290 S/2020/1290], [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1291 S/2020/1291] || '''MINUSCA''', UNMISS || Exchange of letters authorizing two-month IMC transfer of two infantry companies and two helicopters from UNMISS to MINUSCA
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2004/135 S/2004/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
    <sha1>5623e61ed7d853af27ef1464eb019959124b60ea</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>737</id>
    <parentid>736</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-12-28T22:30:30Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* See also */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10009" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' ('''IMC''') refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission transfer between missions is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions to prohibit cross-borrowing:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
: (a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
: (b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
: (c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
: (d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

A similar arrangement was authorized for ONUB and MONUC in resolution [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] of 21 December 2005. 

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council resolution !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2348(2017) 2348 (2017)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Requested SG  to  explore  possibility  of  IMC  transfers of  troops  and  their  assets  from  other missions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1290 S/2020/1290], [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1291 S/2020/1291] || '''MINUSCA''', UNMISS || Exchange of letters authorizing two-month IMC transfer of two infantry companies and two helicopters from UNMISS to MINUSCA
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2005/135 S/2005/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
    <sha1>2b3e9581ff21314011d15dd265d91da33c3373f2</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>738</id>
    <parentid>737</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-12-29T18:26:44Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10310" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' ('''IMC''') refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission transfer between missions is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions to prohibit cross-borrowing:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
: (a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
: (b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
: (c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
: (d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

A similar arrangement was authorized for ONUB and MONUC in resolution [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] of 21 December 2005. 

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council decision !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2015/494 S/2015/494] and [https://undocs.org/s/2015/495 S/2015/495];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2015/660 S/2015/660] and [https://undocs.org/S/2015/661 S/2015/661] || '''UNFICYP''', UNIFIL || Deployment of Cambodian demining team from UNIFIL to UNFICYP through 31 Dec 2015
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2348(2017) 2348 (2017)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Requested SG  to  explore  possibility  of  IMC  transfers of  troops  and  their  assets  from  other missions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1290 S/2020/1290] and [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1291 S/2020/1291] || '''MINUSCA''', UNMISS || Exchange of letters authorizing two-month IMC transfer of two infantry companies and two helicopters from UNMISS to MINUSCA
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2005/135 S/2005/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Guard unit</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>Created page with "In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of '''guard units''' to..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="2283" xml:space="preserve">In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of '''guard units''' to protect United Nations personnel and premises. 

A United Nations guard unit is a formed unit deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] with a troop- or police-contributing country, which is reimbursed for its [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] as part of the standard frameworks established by the General Assembly. 

The deployment of a guard unit is a possible security risk management option when other preferred security risk management options have been exhausted. The decision to deploy a guard unit begins with a needs assessment, followed by a request for authorization through an exchange of letters with either the Security Council or the General Assembly, based on which intergovernmental body established the mission in question.&lt;ref&gt;UNDSS/SOP/1/2015 Deployment of United Nations Guard Units (SOP)&lt;/ref&gt;

Guard units have been deployed in the following situations:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Exchange of letters !! Mission !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2004/764 S/2004/764] and [https://undocs.org/s/2004/765 S/2014/765] || UNAMI || Authorized deployment of three formed guard units of 160 armed civilian  police, paramilitary or military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2013/704 S/2013/704] and [https://undocs.org/s/2013/705 S/2013/705] || UNSMIL || Authorized deployment of a guard unit of up to 235 military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/764 S/2013/764] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/765 S/2013/765];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2015/234 S/2015/234] and [https://undocs.org/s/2015/235 S/2015/235];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2019/140 S/2019/140] and [https://undocs.org/s/2013/705 S/2013/705]  || UNSOM || (2013) Authorized guard unit consisting of a battalion, an extraction and reinforcement team and a logistics company, totaling 410 personnel&lt;br /&gt;(2015) Authorized increase in strength by 120 troops, to 530 personnel&lt;br /&gt;(2019) Authorized increase in strength by 95 troops, to 625 personnel
|}

== See also ==
* [[Safety and security]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[category: legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2722" xml:space="preserve">In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of '''guard units''' to protect United Nations personnel and premises. 

A United Nations guard unit is a formed unit deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] with a troop- or police-contributing country, which is reimbursed for its [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] as part of the standard frameworks established by the General Assembly. 

The deployment of a guard unit is a possible security risk management option when other preferred security risk management options have been exhausted. The decision to deploy a guard unit begins with a needs assessment, followed by a request for authorization through an exchange of letters with either the Security Council or the General Assembly, based on which intergovernmental body established the mission in question.&lt;ref&gt;UNDSS/SOP/1/2015 Deployment of United Nations Guard Units (SOP)&lt;/ref&gt;

Guard units have been deployed in the following situations:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Exchange of letters !! Mission !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2004/764 S/2004/764] and [https://undocs.org/s/2004/765 S/2014/765] || UNAMI || Authorized deployment of three formed guard units of 160 armed civilian  police, paramilitary or military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/696 S/2013/696] || BINUCA || Referenced exchange of letters of 22 and 29 October 2013; indicated that Morocco will deploy approximately 250 troops
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2013/704 S/2013/704] and [https://undocs.org/s/2013/705 S/2013/705] || UNSMIL || Authorized deployment of a guard unit of up to 235 military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/764 S/2013/764] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/765 S/2013/765];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2015/234 S/2015/234] and [https://undocs.org/s/2015/235 S/2015/235];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2019/140 S/2019/140] and [https://undocs.org/s/2019/141 S/2019/141]  || UNSOM || (2013) Authorized guard unit consisting of a battalion, an extraction and reinforcement team and a logistics company, totaling 410 personnel&lt;ref&gt;In [https://undocs.org/S/2014/239 S/2014/239], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2015) Authorized increase in strength by 120 troops, to 530 personnel&lt;br /&gt;(2019) Authorized increase in strength by 95 troops&lt;ref&gt;in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/372 S/2019/372], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;, to 625 personnel
|}

== See also ==
* [[Safety and security]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[category: legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2918" xml:space="preserve">In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of '''guard units''' to protect United Nations personnel and premises. 

A United Nations guard unit is a formed unit deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] with a troop- or police-contributing country, which is reimbursed for its [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] as part of the standard frameworks established by the General Assembly. 

The deployment of a guard unit is a possible security risk management option when other preferred security risk management options have been exhausted. The decision to deploy a guard unit begins with a needs assessment, followed by a request for authorization through an exchange of letters with either the Security Council or the General Assembly, based on which intergovernmental body established the mission in question.&lt;ref&gt;UNDSS/SOP/1/2015 Deployment of United Nations Guard Units (SOP)&lt;/ref&gt;

Guard units have been deployed in the following situations:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Exchange of letters !! Mission !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2004/764 S/2004/764] and [https://undocs.org/s/2004/765 S/2014/765] || UNAMI || Authorized deployment of three formed guard units of 160 armed civilian  police, paramilitary or military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/636 S/2013/636] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/637 S/2013/637] || BINUCA || Authorized deployment of an initial 250 military personnel&lt;ref&gt;In [https://undocs.org/S/2013/696 S/2013/696], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;, which was planned to be expanded to a battalion-sized unit of 560 personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2013/704 S/2013/704] and [https://undocs.org/s/2013/705 S/2013/705] || UNSMIL || Authorized deployment of a guard unit of up to 235 military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/764 S/2013/764] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/765 S/2013/765];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2015/234 S/2015/234] and [https://undocs.org/s/2015/235 S/2015/235];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2019/140 S/2019/140] and [https://undocs.org/s/2019/141 S/2019/141]  || UNSOM || (2013) Authorized guard unit consisting of a battalion, an extraction and reinforcement team and a logistics company, totaling 410 personnel&lt;ref&gt;In [https://undocs.org/S/2014/239 S/2014/239], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2015) Authorized increase in strength by 120 troops, to 530 personnel&lt;br /&gt;(2019) Authorized increase in strength by 95 troops&lt;ref&gt;in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/372 S/2019/372], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;, to 625 personnel
|}

== See also ==
* [[Safety and security]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[category: legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2918" xml:space="preserve">In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of '''guard units''' to protect United Nations personnel and premises. 

A United Nations guard unit is a formed unit deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] with a troop- or police-contributing country, which is reimbursed for its [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] as part of the standard frameworks established by the General Assembly. 

The deployment of a guard unit is a possible security risk management option when other preferred security risk management options have been exhausted. The decision to deploy a guard unit begins with a needs assessment, followed by a request for authorization through an exchange of letters with either the Security Council or the General Assembly, based on which intergovernmental body established the mission in question.&lt;ref&gt;UNDSS/SOP/1/2015 Deployment of United Nations Guard Units (SOP)&lt;/ref&gt;

Guard units have been deployed in the following situations:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Exchange of letters !! Mission !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2004/764 S/2004/764] and [https://undocs.org/s/2004/765 S/2014/765] || UNAMI || Authorized deployment of three formed guard units of 160 armed civilian  police, paramilitary or military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/636 S/2013/636] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/637 S/2013/637] || BINUCA || Authorized deployment of an initial 250 military personnel&lt;ref&gt;In [https://undocs.org/S/2013/696 S/2013/696], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;, which was planned to be expanded to a battalion-sized unit of 560 personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2013/704 S/2013/704] and [https://undocs.org/s/2013/705 S/2013/705] || UNSMIL || Authorized deployment of a guard unit of up to 235 military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/764 S/2013/764] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/765 S/2013/765];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2015/234 S/2015/234] and [https://undocs.org/s/2015/235 S/2015/235];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2019/140 S/2019/140] and [https://undocs.org/s/2019/141 S/2019/141]  || UNSOM || (2013) Authorized guard unit consisting of a battalion, an extraction and reinforcement team and a logistics company, totaling 410 personnel&lt;ref&gt;In [https://undocs.org/S/2014/239 S/2014/239], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2015) Authorized increase in strength by 120 troops, to 530 personnel&lt;br /&gt;(2019) Authorized increase in strength by 95 troops&lt;ref&gt;in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/372 S/2019/372], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;, to 625 personnel
|}

== See also ==
* [[Safety and security]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[category: legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20201007160308|705">
  <title>Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership</title>
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    <text bytes="3677" xml:space="preserve">The '''Office for the Peacekeeping Strategic Partnership (OPSP)''' was established by the General Assembly as a resource to advise the Under-Secretaries-General for [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|Peacekeeping Operations]] and [[Department of Field Support|Field Support]] on issues affecting the participation of troop- and police-contributing countries in peacekeeping operations. The Office now reports to the Under-Secretary-General for [[Department of Peace Operations|Peace Operations]]. 

== Mandate ==
The mandate for OPSP is contained in [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 resolution 67/287] of 28 June 2013. Paragraph 28 specified that the functions of OPSP would initially consist of: 
&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) Strengthening the peacekeeping partnership by assisting in identifying gaps that have an impact on the delivery of mandates by United Nations peacekeeping missions by making recommendations on systemic issues relating to
United Nations peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;
(b) Making recommendations to ensure the safety, security and welfare of, and the Organization’s provision of adequate support services to, uniformed field personnel; &lt;br /&gt;
(c) Working closely with troop- and police-contributing countries and senior leadership, both in the field and at Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;
(d) Making recommendations to incorporate lessons learned and best practices from peacekeeping missions into peacekeeping operations;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly decided in paragraph 32 to review the mandate and functions of the Office during the 69th session. However, no changes were made to either the mandate and functions during the 69th session.

== Legislative history ==
In 2013, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of the "Office of the Director, Evaluation of Field Uniformed Personnel" reporting to the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations as "An independent evaluation function of field uniformed personnel…to assist the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations through the provision of objective and independent reviews, analysis, advice and recommendations on the effectiveness and efficiency of uniformed personnel in the field."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/756 A/67/756] Support account 2012/13, paragraph 84&lt;/ref&gt; The establishment of this Office was proposed as neither the [[Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training]] in DPKO–DFS nor the Office of Internal Oversight Services had the capacity or specialized expertise to perform these specialized functions. 

Troop-contributing countries, however, were concerned about the similarities between the proposed functions of the Office and those of an inspector-general, as they were uncomfortable with subjecting their personnel to such scrutiny. To address these concerns, the name of the Office was changed and its functions specified in the text of the resolution, though the resources originally requested were approved. In addition, the General Assembly specified that the Director of the Office must come from a troop-contributing country and have leadership experience in a peacekeeping mission and—in a departure from the original proposal of the Secretary-General—a dual reporting line to the Under-Secretaries-General for [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|Peacekeeping Operations]] and [[Department of Field Support|Field Support]].

Following the reorganization of both the [[management reform|management architecture]] and the [[peace and security reform|peace and security architecture]] in 2019, OPSP now has a single reporting line to the Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations. 

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Unmanned aircraft system</title>
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    <text bytes="4316" xml:space="preserve">An '''unmanned aircraft system''' ('''UAS'''), also referred to as a unmanned aerial system, consists of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), or drone, along with its ground support and communications systems. Missions currently use both UAS deployed through commercial contract as well as UAS deployed by troop- or police-contributing countries as [[contingent-owned equipment]]. 

== History ==
In 2013, UAS were deployed in peacekeeping for the first time in MONUSCO following an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2013/43 S/2013/43] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/44 S/2013/44]&lt;/ref&gt;. The introduction of UAS in peacekeeping was highly contentious, with strong objections from many stakeholders, including some host countries, neighbouring countries and troop- and police-contributing countries about United Nations surveillance of their activities and about the use and safeguarding of data. 

Concerns about the use UAS were key sticking points in deliberations in the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] and [[Fifth Committee]] in the years immediately following the introduction of UAS in peacekeeping. Within the C34, the term "modern technology" was used as a code word for UAS, as the NAM insisted in noting concerns about UAS while Western countries wanted to avoid any text specifically targeting UAS. The 2014 report of the C34 requested from the Secretary-General information and policy developments on the use of new technology, including lessons-learned from the operation of UAS in MONUSCO&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/19 A/68/19], paragraph 68&lt;/ref&gt;. The requested information was presented in the annex to the subsequent report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of C34 recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642], pages 32-38&lt;/ref&gt;.

In the Fifth Committee, an attempt by the G77 and Russia in 2013 to block the deployment of further UAS through policy language in mission budgets was addressed through compromise language permitting the Secretary-General to deploy UAS taking into account "any lessons learned from the use of unmanned aerial systems in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/271 67/271], paragraph 10&lt;/ref&gt;. 

By 2015, the use of UAS had become more accepted. As noted in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/307 69/307] on cross-cutting issues for the 2015/16 budget, the General Assembly merely requested the Secretary-General "to ensure consistency, transparency and cost-efficiency in the budgeting for unmanned aerial systems in individual peacekeeping operation budget proposals in this regard, including by presenting expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement, as well as information on outputs, as appropriate, in the context of the results-based budget framework"&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/307 69/307], paragraph 39&lt;/ref&gt;. And in 2017, the [[contingent-owned equipment|Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment]] added UAS to the list of equipment in the COE manual, noting:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Unmanned aerial systems are increasingly being deployed to United Nations peacekeeping missions. Their primary tasks are gathering aerial data and geospatial information for the peacekeeping mission and providing invaluable information for many operational contexts. Because of their flexibility and diversity, they can be tailored to fit many different tasks within every mission and for all components.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20], paragraph 38&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Use of UAS in peacekeeping missions ==
To date, UAS have been deployed in MONUSCO, MINUSMA and MINUSCA. Since 2017, the General Assembly has been provided a summary of current and planned deployment of UAS as an annex to the peacekeeping overview report. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period   !! Overview report
|-
| 2017/18 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809], Annex IX
|-
| 2018/19 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770], Annex IX
|-
| 2019/20 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776], Annex III
|-
| 2020/21 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex III
|}

== See also ==
* [[Intelligence]]

== References ==

[[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>UAS</title>
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    <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Unmanned aircraft system]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20201007160308|705">
  <title>Main Page</title>
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    <text bytes="1457" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===

* [[Unmanned aircraft system]] - Added 2 January 2021
* [[Guard unit]] - Added 29 December 2020
* [[Safety and security]] - Added 30 October 2020

=== Indexes ===
[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Guard units</title>
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    <text bytes="24" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Guard unit]]</text>
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  <title>Administrative issuance</title>
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    <text bytes="2163" xml:space="preserve">Administrative policies are issued by the Secretary-General through the promulgation of '''administrative issuances''', which can be formally issued either as Secretary-General's bulletins ('''ST/SGB''') or as administrative instructions ('''ST/AI'''). 

== Administrative issuances ==
There are two types of administrative issuances.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2009/4 ST/SGB/2009/4] Procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Secretary-General's bulletins''' (ST/SGB-series) are issued for various reasons, including to communicate the text of [[regulations and rules]], to communicate decisions on policy and to provide information on the functions and organization of the Secretariat and its constituent entities. 

* '''Administrative instructions''' (ST/AI-series) are issued to promulgate instructions applicable to more than one department of the Secretariat, including on the implementation of the regulations and rules. 

The procedures for the promulgation of administrative issuances are covered in [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2009/4 '''ST/SGB/2009/4''']. An OIOS audit of the process for promulgating administrative issuances was conducted in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[https://oios.un.org/page/download/id/703 2017/064] Audit of the process of promulgating administrative issuances in the United Nations Secretariat&lt;/ref&gt;

An index of all administrative issuances is issued regularly. The most recent edition is [https://undocs.org/st/ic/2019/1 '''ST/IC/2019/1'''].

== Information circulars ==
Information circulars (ST/IC-series) are documents issued by the Secretariat containing general information on, or explanation of, established rules, policies and procedures, as well as isolated announcements of one-time or temporary interest. They are not used for promulgating new rules, policies or procedures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/2 ST/SGB/1997/2] Information circulars&lt;/ref&gt;

An index of all information circulars is issued regularly. The most recent edition is [https://undocs.org/st/ic/2019/2 '''ST/IC/2019/2'''].

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Document symbol]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="12236" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping missions''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping missions ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur || UNAMID || 2007-07 || 2020-12 || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || '''MINUJUSTH''' || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12230" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping missions''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping missions ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur || UNAMID || 2007-07 || 2020-12 || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || MINUJUSTH || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
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  <title>Categories of personnel</title>
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    <text bytes="12567" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
[[staff members|United Nations staff]] are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either tasks that are of a more analytical or conceptual nature or tasks that are in general procedural, operational and technical&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4 Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations
common system &lt;/ref&gt;. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Descriptions of the various categories are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)&lt;ref&gt;For more information on the Field Service category, see [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1 A/61/255/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1/Corr.1 Corr.1] Reforming the Field Service category: Investing in meeting the human resources requirements of United Nations peace operations in the twenty-first century&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]], judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; and judges of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, paragraph 3.12&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== [[Seconded personnel|Seconded military and police personnel]] ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors. 

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analysing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise.

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff members]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]
* [[Seconded personnel]]
* [[human resources terminology#Inter-agency mobility|Inter-Organization Agreement on Transfer, Secondment or Loan]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12800" xml:space="preserve">United Nations missions employ individuals under different '''categories of personnel''' to perform different tasks. These categories differ based their legal status, protections and [[peacekeeping financing|financing]] modalities. The main categories of personnel deployed to peacekeeping operations are outlined below, along with key characteristics.

== United Nations Officials ==
United Nations Officials consist of United Nations staff and Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The protections afforded to United Nations Officials are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== United Nations Staff ===
[[staff members|United Nations staff]] are subject to the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. They can either be internationally-recruited or locally-recruited and perform either tasks that are of a more analytical or conceptual nature or tasks that are in general procedural, operational and technical&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4 Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations
common system &lt;/ref&gt;. In peacekeeping missions, all staff are budgeted as part of group 2 (civilian personnel). 

Descriptions of the various categories are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)&lt;ref&gt;For more information on the Field Service category, see [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1 A/61/255/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1/Corr.1 Corr.1] Reforming the Field Service category: Investing in meeting the human resources requirements of United Nations peace operations in the twenty-first century&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Officials other than Secretariat Officials ===
Officials such as the members of the International Court of Justice, the Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]], the Chair and Vice-chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]], judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal (as amended by General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/112 70/112] of 14 December 2015)&lt;/ref&gt; and judges of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal&lt;ref&gt;Statute of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, paragraph 3.12&lt;/ref&gt; have the status of Officials other than Secretariat Officials. The rights and responsibilities of these officials are contained in the [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]].

== Other personnel ==
Many, but not all, personnel who are not United Nations officials have the status of '''expert on mission'''. The protections afforded to experts are specified in Article V of the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]].

=== Gratis personnel === 
Gratis personnel are personnel provided by Governments and other entities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/51/688] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/688/add.1 A/51/688/Add.1 Add.1] Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ()&lt;/ref&gt; Those with well-established legal status and functions are designated "type I gratis personnel" and all others are considered "type II gratis personnel". Type-I gratis personnel consist of:

* '''Associate experts/junior professional officers''' (have the status of United Nations staff)
* '''Technical cooperation experts''' on non-reimbursable loans (have the status of expert on mission)
* '''Interns'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] Administrative instruction: United Nations internship programme&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
United Nations Volunteers perform many tasks within peace operations. They do not receive a salary but are provided a stipend from the UN and are budgeted under group 2 (civilian personnel) of peacekeeping budgets.

=== Military and police personnel ===
==== [[Seconded personnel|Seconded military and police personnel]] ====
: General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/248 52/248] of 26 June 1998 authorized the conversion of posts in the [[support account]] to be used for seconded active-duty military and police officers which had previously been engaged as type-II gratis personnel. Seconded officers are considered internationally-recruited staff members and generally serve on two-year contracts that are renewable to four years. 

==== Members of military contingents ==== 
: Members of military contingents are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a troop-contributing country and the United Nations and remain under the jurisdiction of the national government. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. They are considered their own category of personnel and are not considered experts on mission. 

==== Military staff officers ====
: Staff officers in missions are members of military contingents but—unlike other members of military contingents—they receive mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6] Administrative instruction: Mission subsistence allowance&lt;/ref&gt; under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] of 29 June 2007.

==== Military observers and liaison officers ====
: Military observers and liaison officers are individually-deployed military personnel with the status of expert on mission.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89516 2010.30 Military Experts on Mission Manual]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400586 2016.25 Guidelines on UN Military Observers in Peacekeeping Operations]&lt;/ref&gt; They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets. 

==== Members of formed police units ====
: Members of [[formed police units]] are deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] signed between a police-contributing country and the United Nations but, unlike members of military contingents, have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments, which receive [[personnel reimbursement]] and reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]] (if applicable) from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400559 2016.10 Policy on Formed Police Units]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Civilian police ====
: Civilian police officers are individually-deployed police personnel with the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 1 (military and police) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387409 2014.01 Policy on UN Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Other government-provided personnel ===
Government-provided personnel other than military and police personnel (e.g. justice and corrections experts) have the status of expert on mission. They receive salaries and benefits from their respective governments as well as mission subsistence allowance&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/1997/6 ST/AI/1997/6]&lt;/ref&gt; from the United Nations. Associated costs are budgeted as part of group 3 (operational requirements) of peacekeeping budgets.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/387414 2015.01 Guidelines on non-uniformed civilian Government-Provided Personnel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Consultants and individual contractors ===
Consultants and individual contractors have the status of expert on mission. Many of the contractual arrangements for consultants and individual contractors were codified in [https://undocs.org/A/53/385 A/53/385] and approved by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/53/221 resolution 53/221]. Members of Security Council sanctions committees and expert panels are generally deployed as consultants and individual contractors.

* A '''consultant''' is a recognized authority or specialist in a specific field, engaged by the Organization in an advisory or consultative capacity. The functions of a consultant are results-oriented and normally involve analyzing problems, directing seminars or training courses, preparing documents for conferences and meetings, or writing reports on matters within their area of expertise. 

* An '''individual contractor''' is engaged by the Organization to provide expertise, skills or knowledge for the performance of a specific task or piece of work, which would be short-term by nature. The assignment may involve full-time or part-time functions similar to those of staff members.

== See also ==
* [[Staff members]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]
* [[Seconded personnel]]
* [[human resources terminology#Inter-agency mobility|Inter-Organization Agreement on Transfer, Secondment or Loan]]

=== Administrative issuances ===
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/4 ST/AI/2013/4] Consultants and individual contractors 
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2014/1 ST/AI/2014/1] United Nations internship programme

=== Reports ===
* Gratis personnel provided by Governments and other entities ([https://undocs.org/a/51/688 A/61/688])
* Administration of justice ([https://undocs.org/a/65/373 A/65/373]), Annex IV: Contracts and rules governing relationships between the United Nations and the various categories of non-staff personnel
* Seconded active-duty military and police personnel ([https://undocs.org/A/68/495 A/68/495], [https://undocs.org/A/70/229 A/70/229] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/257 A/71/257])
* Use of non-staff personnel and related contractual modalities in the UN System organizations ([https://undocs.org/jiu/rep/2014/8 JIU/REP/2014/8])
* Review of internship programmes in the United Nations system ([https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2018/1 JIU/REP/2018/1])

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions</title>
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    <text bytes="7811" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of 21 members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], with its consideration of proposals with administrative or budgetary implications. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(a) to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;&lt;br /&gt;
(b) to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;&lt;br /&gt;
(c) to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
(d) to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services. As such, they are referred to by their names and not by their country of nationality. 

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)],  sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103] and 21 in [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267].

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State, shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267], which entered into effect on 1 January 2021, the representation will be as follows:
* African Group: 5 (+2)
* Asia and Pacific Group: 5 (+1)
* Eastern Europe Group: 3 (+1)
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 4 (+1)
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

Most reports of the Secretary-General containing administrative and budgetary proposals are considered by the ACABQ prior to consideration by the [[Fifth Committee]]. The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are contained in reports that are reviewed by the Fifth Committee at the same time as it considers the proposals of the Secretary-General. 

=== ACABQ meetings ===

The ACABQ holds a number of different types of meetings: hearings, executive and drafting. It also occasionally has administrative meetings to discuss internal working methods and house-keeping issues.&lt;ref&gt;[https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224 https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224]&lt;/ref&gt;

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an "executive meeting" to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote.

=== ACABQ recommendations ===

The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are reflected in bold text in ACABQ reports. The general practice of the Fifth Committee is to use these conclusions and recommendations as the starting point of its deliberations. As such, most resolutions originating in the Fifth Committee contain an operative paragraph by which the General Assembly "endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution". When such a paragraph exists in a resolution, all conclusions and recommendations in the ACABQ report are understood to be endorsed except when (1) the General Assembly [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|takes note]] of a paragraph containing bold text, in which case those specific conclusions and recommendations are understood to not be endorsed, or (2) if the resolution contains language qualifying or contradicting any conclusions or recommendations in the ACABQ report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
* [https://www.un.org/ga/acabq/ Website of the ACABQ]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7758" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of 21 members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], with its consideration of proposals with administrative or budgetary implications. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

* to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;
* to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;
* to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;
* to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services. As such, they are referred to by their names and not by their country of nationality. 

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)],  sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103] and 21 in [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267].

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State, shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267], which entered into effect on 1 January 2021, the representation will be as follows:
* African Group: 5 (+2)
* Asia and Pacific Group: 5 (+1)
* Eastern Europe Group: 3 (+1)
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 4 (+1)
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]] and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. The compensation of the Chair is subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III&lt;/ref&gt;. The conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ is reviewed every four years; the most recent review took place during the 72nd session of the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] Conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly: full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission and the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

Most reports of the Secretary-General containing administrative and budgetary proposals are considered by the ACABQ prior to consideration by the [[Fifth Committee]]. The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are contained in reports that are reviewed by the Fifth Committee at the same time as it considers the proposals of the Secretary-General. 

=== ACABQ meetings ===

The ACABQ holds a number of different types of meetings: hearings, executive and drafting. It also occasionally has administrative meetings to discuss internal working methods and house-keeping issues.&lt;ref&gt;[https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224 https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224]&lt;/ref&gt;

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an "executive meeting" to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote.

=== ACABQ recommendations ===

The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are reflected in bold text in ACABQ reports. The general practice of the Fifth Committee is to use these conclusions and recommendations as the starting point of its deliberations. As such, most resolutions originating in the Fifth Committee contain an operative paragraph by which the General Assembly "endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution". When such a paragraph exists in a resolution, all conclusions and recommendations in the ACABQ report are understood to be endorsed except when (1) the General Assembly [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|takes note]] of a paragraph containing bold text, in which case those specific conclusions and recommendations are understood to not be endorsed, or (2) if the resolution contains language qualifying or contradicting any conclusions or recommendations in the ACABQ report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
* [https://www.un.org/ga/acabq/ Website of the ACABQ]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="8292" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of 21 members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], with its consideration of proposals with administrative or budgetary implications. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

* to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;
* to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;
* to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;
* to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services. As such, they are referred to by their names and not by their country of nationality. 

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)],  sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103] and 21 in [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267].

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State, shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267], which entered into effect on 1 January 2021, the representation will be as follows:
* African Group: 5 (+2)
* Asia and Pacific Group: 5 (+1)
* Eastern Europe Group: 3 (+1)
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 4 (+1)
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)], the Chair of the ACABQ is an [[categories of personnel|official other than Secretariat official]] with the rank of Under-Secretary-General and enjoys the associated privileges and immunities. Since the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], section III, the compensation of the Chair has been subject to a cost-of-living adjustment pegged to changes in the net base salary of Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries General. The resolution also mandated a review of the conditions of service of the Chair of the ACABQ and the Chair and Vice-Chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] every four years. 

=== Members ===

Members of the ACABQ have the status of [[categories of personnel|expert on mission]]. Many are attached to their permanent missions to New York; those who are not are paid daily subsistence allowance when the Committee is in session. 

Information on the operational arrangements and conditions of service, as well as proposals by the Committee to change those conditions, are contained in the following letters:

* [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/13 A/C.5/68/13] Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions 
* [https://undocs.org/A/70/544 A/70/544] Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions 

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

Most reports of the Secretary-General containing administrative and budgetary proposals are considered by the ACABQ prior to consideration by the [[Fifth Committee]]. The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are contained in reports that are reviewed by the Fifth Committee at the same time as it considers the proposals of the Secretary-General. 

=== ACABQ meetings ===

The ACABQ holds a number of different types of meetings: hearings, executive and drafting. It also occasionally has administrative meetings to discuss internal working methods and house-keeping issues.&lt;ref&gt;[https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224 https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224]&lt;/ref&gt;

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an "executive meeting" to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote.

=== ACABQ recommendations ===

The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are reflected in bold text in ACABQ reports. The general practice of the Fifth Committee is to use these conclusions and recommendations as the starting point of its deliberations. As such, most resolutions originating in the Fifth Committee contain an operative paragraph by which the General Assembly "endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution". When such a paragraph exists in a resolution, all conclusions and recommendations in the ACABQ report are understood to be endorsed except when (1) the General Assembly [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|takes note]] of a paragraph containing bold text, in which case those specific conclusions and recommendations are understood to not be endorsed, or (2) if the resolution contains language qualifying or contradicting any conclusions or recommendations in the ACABQ report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
* [https://www.un.org/ga/acabq/ Website of the ACABQ]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Seconded personnel</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="3966" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat makes use of '''seconded active-duty military and police personnel''' at Headquarters and in peace operations in functions previously performed by military and police personnel provided by Member States as [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel]]. Seconded military and police personnel recruited against posts remain in active-duty status with their national Governments while at the same time serving as United Nations staff members appointed under a letter of appointment signed by them and by, or on behalf of, the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;Staff regulation 4.1&lt;/ref&gt;

Note that the term "secondment" is used to refer to both seconded military and police personnel as well as staff from other organizations of the [[common system]] seconded under the [[human resources terminology#Inter-agency mobility|inter-organization agreement on transfer, secondment or loan]]. This article deals only with the former. 

== Selection ==

Seconded military and police personnel are selected through a competitive selection process. Member States are invited to nominate active-duty officers against specified job openings. A tripartite agreement is concluded between the United Nations, the Government and the active-duty officer selected for service with the United Nations. Following the conclusion of the tripartite agreement, the seconded officer signs a letter of appointment with the United Nations.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

Once selected, seconded military and police personnel serve normally for two years, up to a maximum of four years.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495], paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;

== Issues ==

In some cases, national legislation applicable to seconded officers conflicts with the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]].  

For example, seconded personnel, as United Nations staff members, are remunerated in the same manner as other staff members (e.g. salary, post adjustment, benefits). However, some seconded officials continue to receive salaries and/or benefits from their governments. In some cases, national legislation of some Member States prohibits active duty personnel from receiving remuneration from other organizations and therefore. At the same time, staff regulation 1.2(j) stipulates that "No staff member shall accept any honour, decoration, favour, gift or remuneration from any Government." 

This issue was first raised to the attention of the Assembly in the context of the 2013/14 budgets for peacekeeping operations. Although proposals have been made to resolve the issue, these have not been adopted by the General Assembly, therefore necessitating the use and extension of exceptional measures (e.g. payment of salaries to the T/PCC instead of to the seconded active duty officer) to allow all Member States to participate. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! Resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&amp;nbsp;(85-89) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/287 67/287]&amp;nbsp;(21) || Authorized SG to take exceptional measures "to facilitate the full participation of all Member States in seconding active-duty officers" through 31 Dec 2013
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/495 A/68/495] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/252 68/252] || GA rejected proposed amendments to the Staff Regulations and Rules; extended exceptional measures through 31 Dec 2016
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/257 A/71/257] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/263 71/263] || GA extended exceptional measures to 31 Dec 2019
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/546 A/74/546] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/254 74/254] || GA extended exceptional measures to 30 Jun 2020
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/700 A/74/700] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/254B 74/254B] || GA extended exceptional measures to 31 Jul 2021
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/75/646 A/75/646] ||  ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]

== References ==

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  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
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    <text bytes="4916" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 '''A/75/202''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/596 A/75/596]
| (no action)
| SG report on the review of implementation of the peace and security reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525] ''Restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] ''Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] ''Assessment of the Police Division'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702])
* [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 A/75/202] ''Review of the implementation of the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/596 A/75/596])

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

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    <text bytes="5068" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223]. No action was taken on this report by the General Assembly. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of the peace and security reform was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/75/202 A/75/202] and introduced in the Fifth Committee on 18 November 2020. However, the General Assembly took no action on this report.

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525] ''Restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] ''Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] ''Assessment of the Police Division'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702])
* [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 A/75/202] ''Review of the implementation of the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/596 A/75/596])

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>ac7de0707610182e1d082aac7596f8574f8f158a</sha1>
  </revision>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <text bytes="5198" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223]. No action was taken on this report by the General Assembly. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of the peace and security reform was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/75/202 A/75/202] and introduced in the Fifth Committee on 18 November 2020. However, the General Assembly took no action on this report. As such, there are currently no pending requests for further progress reports on the implementation of peace and security reform.

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525] ''Restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] ''Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] ''Assessment of the Police Division'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702])
* [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 A/75/202] ''Review of the implementation of the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/596 A/75/596])

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>5405ec5ec74b9606bd920b3e3676785b12754c04</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Management reform</title>
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    <comment>/* Legislative history */ Added reference to no action in 75th session</comment>
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    <text bytes="7570" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/A/75/201 '''A/75/201'''] 
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538]
| (no action)
| SG report on the review of implementation of management reform
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018.

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>244d82915669b6d950127912ca0cd4aa9c2fdba6</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <id>762</id>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Legislative history */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8258" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018.

=== 74th session ===
The Fifth Committee began Q&amp;A on the report on the proposed funding model for DMSPC and DOS, [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761], during the second part of the resumed session. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of management reform, [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] was introduced in the Fifth Committee on 28 October 2020. The Fifth Committee also resumed its consideration of the report on the proposed funding model and began consideration of report [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] on budgetary procedures and practices (referred to as the "sequencing report"). The Assembly took no action on the reports on implementation and the funding model, and—in its decision 75/553 of 31 December 2020, deferred consideration of the sequencing report to the first part of the resumed session.

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>9f7a91918ee9e2e8060d0d002d22f8295be3653a</sha1>
  </revision>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>/* 75th session */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8307" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018.

=== 74th session ===
The Fifth Committee began Q&amp;A on the report on the proposed funding model for DMSPC and DOS, [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761], during the second part of the resumed session. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of management reform, [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] was introduced in the Fifth Committee on 28 October 2020. The Fifth Committee also resumed its consideration of the report on the proposed funding model and began consideration of report [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] on budgetary procedures and practices (referred to as the "sequencing report"). The Assembly took no action on the reports on implementation and the funding model&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/683 A/75/683]&lt;/ref&gt;, and—in its decision 75/553 of 31 December 2020, deferred consideration of the sequencing report to the first part of the resumed session.

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>82903d3c54c077339de232f50fcb6d0352f7e01b</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>778</id>
    <parentid>768</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-04-07T23:33:08Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* 75th session */  Corrected reference to deferral of sequencing report</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8303" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018.

=== 74th session ===
The Fifth Committee began Q&amp;A on the report on the proposed funding model for DMSPC and DOS, [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761], during the second part of the resumed session. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of management reform, [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] was introduced in the Fifth Committee on 28 October 2020. The Fifth Committee also resumed its consideration of the report on the proposed funding model and began consideration of report [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] on budgetary procedures and practices (referred to as the "sequencing report"). The Assembly took no action on the reports on implementation and the funding model&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/683 A/75/683]&lt;/ref&gt;, and—in its decision 75/553 of 31 December 2020, deferred consideration of the sequencing report to the main part of the 76th session.

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>7475de9e6cb4c34f7fb628b69536ea4bfe891e16</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>779</id>
    <parentid>778</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-04-07T23:35:17Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* 75th session */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8438" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018.

=== 74th session ===
The Fifth Committee began Q&amp;A on the report on the proposed funding model for DMSPC and DOS, [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761], during the second part of the resumed session. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of management reform, [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] was introduced in the Fifth Committee on 28 October 2020. The Fifth Committee also resumed its consideration of the report on the proposed funding model and began consideration of report [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] on budgetary procedures and practices (referred to as the "sequencing report"). The Assembly took no action on the reports on implementation and the funding model&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/683 A/75/683]&lt;/ref&gt;, and therefore there currently are no active requests for further progress reports on the implementation of management reform. 

In its decision 75/553 of 31 December 2020, the Assembly deferred consideration of the sequencing report to the main part of the 76th session.

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>bbfe350f961638b86ceab6fa58cc336ef0c0bea2</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Commitment authority</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>72</id>
  <revision>
    <id>763</id>
    <parentid>447</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-01-11T22:56:39Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Updated with UEE resolution for 2021</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3621" xml:space="preserve">'''Commitment authority''' is approval for the Secretary-General to enter into financial commitments of up to a certain amount in absence of an appropriation from the General Assembly. It is usually used as a temporary measure until a full or revised budget can be prepared and an appropriation provided by the General Assembly.

Commitment authority can be with or without assessment, depending on immediate cash requirements.  

== Peacekeeping start-up or expansion ==
The use of commitment authority for peacekeeping missions was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233A resolution 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section IV, and draws upon the $150 million of the '''[[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]''' established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992. The applicable provisions, which have subsequently been amended&lt;ref&gt;Including by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;, are currently contained in [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations 4.6 through 4.9]].

Peacekeeping missions are also able to draw upon up to $50 million from the [[strategic deployment stocks]] to support start-up and expansion, with reimbursement after an appropriation has been received.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Peacekeeping mandate change ==
Since the 2010s, it has become common for the General Assembly to not approve the full budget of a peacekeeping mission that is undergoing a mandate review or where circumstances have changed since a budget was prepared. In these situations, the General Assembly has frequently approved commitment authority (with assessment) for six months until a revised budget is submitted for consideration, generally during the fall, with adoption in December. 

== Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses ==
Start-up of special political missions relies on the '''unforeseen and extraordinary expenses''' (UEE) mechanism in the [[regular budget]], which is governed by a separate UEE resolution for each budget period. The UEE resolution for the 2021 programme budget is General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/255 75/255] of 31 December 2020.

UEE allows the SG to enter into commitments related to peace and security totaling $8 million per year without any review&lt;ref&gt;In colloquial usage, the term UEE is often used to refer only to this specific provision of the UEE resolution.&lt;/ref&gt; as well as expedited approval of commitment authority for the start-up or expansion of an SPM with the concurrence of ACABQ without the requirement of going to the General Assembly if the requirements are below $10 million. Requirements above $10 million require General Assembly approval. Commitment authority under UEE does not come with assessment, and supplementary estimates are required to be submitted related to commitments entered under the UEE resolution.

While special political missions have access to the strategic deployment stocks, they have to replenish the costs up-front, thus reducing the available commitment authority for other requirements. This is in contrast with the situation in peacekeeping missions, where SDS replenishment is only required after an appropriation is received.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/240 A/66/340] ''Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Programme budget</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="8046" xml:space="preserve">The '''programme budget''', or '''regular budget''', is the budget of the United Nations prepared by the Secretary-General in his capacity as chief administrative officer of the Organization&lt;ref&gt;Article 97 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt; and approved by the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;Article 17 of the Charter&lt;/ref&gt;. It does not cover the expenses of large peacekeeping missions funded through [[peacekeeping financing|separate special accounts]]. The appropriation for the approved budget is apportioned amongst Member States on the basis of the [[scale of assessments]].

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library has an excellent guide to the programme budget and the many different documents and intergovernmental bodies involved in the budget process: [https://research.un.org/en/docs/budget '''UN Documentation: Regular Budget''']

== Budget period ==
The programme budget runs from 1 January to 31 December, unlike [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]], which run from 1 July to 30 June. 

The budget was originally produced and approved on an annual basis. In General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3043(XXVII) 3043 (XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, the General Assembly approved, "on an experimental basis" the move to a biennial (two-year) budget. The first biennial budget, covering calendar years 1974 and 1975, was approved in General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3199(XXVIII) 3199 (XXVIII)] of 18 December 1973. As part of the [[management reform]], the General Assembly approved "the proposed change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020", in its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 72/266] of 24 December 2017. 

== Budget structure ==

The programme budget is divided into '''parts''' corresponding to the broad categorization of activities performed by the United Nations. Each part is subdivided into one or more '''sections''', which in turn are subdivided into the budgets for individual entities (e.g. departments and offices). For example, Part II of the 2020 programme budget is divided as follows:

:: Part II: Political affairs
::: Section 3: Political affairs
:::: I. Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
:::: II. Special political missions
:::: III. Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process
:::: IV. United Nations Register of Damage
:::: V. United Nations Office to the African Union
:::: V. Office of Counter-Terrorism
::: Section 4: Disarmament
::: Section 5: Peacekeeping operations
:::: I. Department of Peace Operations
:::: II. United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
:::: III. United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
::: Section 6: Peaceful uses of outer space  

The programme budget is also presented on the basis of different types of expenses, which are referred to as '''objects of expenditure''', as follows:

* [[budget terminology#Human_resources|Posts]]
* Other staff costs
* Non-staff compensation
* [[Categories of personnel#Consultants_and_individual_contractors|Consultants]]
* [[Categories of personnel#Other_personnel|Experts]]
* Travel of representatives
* Travel of staff
* Contractual services
* General operating expenses
* Hospitality
* Supplies and materials
* Furniture and equipment
* Improvement of premises
* Grants and contributions

== Budget process ==

The regulations and rules that govern the budget are the [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning]] and the [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]. 

Relevant reports on the current annual budget process:
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Budgetary procedures and practices
* [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(Introduction) A/75/6 (Introduction)] Proposed programme budget for 2021: Forward and introduction (see section A: Methodology and Format)

== Approved budgets ==

The approved annual budgets under the process approved in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 resolution 72/266A] are as follows:
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/6/Add.1 A/74/6/Add.1] Programme budget for 2020

== Approved levels ==

The basis of assessment for recent calendar years, reflecting the approved level of the budget and all add-ons, is reflected below. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Basis for assessment !! Resolution !! Member States !! Non-Member States !! Notes
|-
| 2021 || $3,176,058,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/254A-C 75/254 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1023 ST/ADM/SER.B/1023] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1024 ST/ADM/SER.B/1024] || No [[consensus]]; budget adopted by vote of 168-2-0 (Israel and United States voted against)
|-
| 2020 || $3,084,608,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/264A-C 74/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1008 ST/ADM/SER.B/1008] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/1009 ST/ADM/SER.B/1009] ||
|-
| 2019 || $3,064,575,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/280A-C 73/280 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/992 ST/ADM/SER.B/992] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/993 ST/ADM/SER.B/993] ||
|-
| 2018 || $2,688,127,790 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/263A-C 72/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/973 ST/ADM/SER.B/973] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/974 ST/ADM/SER.B/974] ||
|-
| 2017 || $2,776,529,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/273A-C 72/374 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/955 ST/ADM/SER.B/955] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/956 ST/ADM/SER.B/956] ||
|-
| 2016 || $2,745,188,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/249 70/249C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/932 ST/ADM/SER.B/932] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/933 ST/ADM/SER.B/933] || $45 mil related to the capital master plan to be assessed under 2013-2015 scale and the rest under the 2016-2018 scale
|-
| 2015 || $2,976,267,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/263A-C 69/263 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/910 ST/ADM/SER.B/910] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/911 ST/ADM/SER.B/911] ||
|-
| 2014 || $2,823,653,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/248A-C 68/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/889 ST/ADM/SER.B/889] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/890 ST/ADM/SER.B/890] || Assessment for State of Palestine introduced
|-
| 2013 || $2,811,278,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/247A-C 67/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/866 ST/ADM/SER.B/866] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/867 ST/ADM/SER.B/867] ||
|-
| 2012 || $2,585,230,800 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/248A-C 66/248 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/853 ST/ADM/SER.B/853] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/854 ST/ADM/SER.B/854] ||
|-
| 2011 || $2,648,538,700 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/260 65/260 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/824 ST/ADM/SER.B/824] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/825 ST/ADM/SER.B/825] ||
|-
| 2010 || $2,350,606,850 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/244A-C 64/244 C ] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/789 ST/ADM/SER.B/789] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/791 ST/ADM/SER.B/791] ||
|-
| 2009 || $2,719,509,550 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/264A-C 63/264 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/755 ST/ADM/SER.B/755] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/756 ST/ADM/SER.B/756] ||
|-
| 2008 || $2,060,629,050 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/237A-C 62/237 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/719 ST/ADM/SER.B/719] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/720 ST/ADM/SER.B/720] ||
|-
| 2007 || $2,241,667,450 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/253 61/253 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/701 ST/ADM/SER.B/701] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/702 ST/ADM/SER.B/702] || 
|-
| 2006 || $1,924,840,250 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/247A-C 60/247 C] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/668 ST/ADM/SER.B/668] || [https://undocs.org/ST/ADM/SER.B/669 ST/ADM/SER.B/669] ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]; includes [[Scale of assessments#Assessments for Member States and non-Member States|list of budget resolutions]]
* [[Budget terminology]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Regulations and rules</title>
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    <text bytes="2048" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly issues broad legislative directives to the Secretary-General on the management of the United Nations through '''regulations'''. Within the framework of the regulations, the Secretary-General issues '''rules''' stating the manner in which the regulations will be implemented. 

== Key regulations and rules ==

* [[Financial Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning|Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials|Regulations Governing the Status, Basic Rights and Duties of Officials other than Secretariat Officials, and Experts on Mission]]
* [https://undocs.org/en/st/sgb/107/rev.6 Rules Governing Payment of Travel Expenses In Respect Of Members of Organs or Subsidiary Organs of the United Nations]

== Delegation of authority ==

'''Delegation''' is the process by which authority for implementation of regulations or rules can be granted, in whole or in part, by one individual vested with this authority to another individual. 

The framework for enhanced delegation of authority under the [[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations|new management paradigm]] is reflected in [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2019/2 '''ST/SGB/2019/2''']. As a result of this shift, heads of entities across the Secretariat receive authority directly from the Secretary-General rather than receiving authorities through sub-delegations through the [[Department of Management]].

[[File:delegation_old.png|400px|Flow of delegation under the old system]] Flow of delegation of authority prior to 1 January 2019

[[File:delegation_new.png|400px|Flow of delegation under the new system]] Flow of delegation of authority after 1 January 2019

== See also ==
* [[Administrative issuances]]
* [[Standing administrative measures]] for crisis response and mission start-up

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Quick-impact projects</title>
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    <text bytes="5616" xml:space="preserve">'''Quick-impact projects''' ('''QIPs''') are activities of a mission intended to build confidence in a mission and its mandate. Inclusion of funding for QIPs in [[Peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping mission budgets]] was first proposed in the [[Brahimi report]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/55/305 A/55/305–S/2000/809 Report on the panel on United Nations peace operations]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Several agencies within [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]] also implement QIPs. In some, the use of QIPs predates the introduction of QIPs to United Nations peacekeeping, as in the case of UNHCR&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR: Quick Impact Projects: A Provisional Guide, May 2004&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Legislative history ==

The General Assembly, in section XVIII of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] of 29 June 2007, provided the following guidance on the use of QIPs:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
4. Recognizes that, in accordance with the purpose of such projects, that is, that they be used by United Nations peacekeeping operations to establish and build confidence in individual missions, their  mandates and  the  peace  process, thereby improving  the  environment  for  effective mandate implementation, they should be executed by the missions to the extent possible and that, in instances when they are implemented by partners, steps should be taken to ensure that the missions are given due recognition; 
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Emphasizes that quick-impact projects should be implemented with minimal  or  no  overhead  charges  in  order  to  ensure  that  the  maximum  amount  is  spent for the direct benefit of the local population; 
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Recognizes that funding for quick-impact projects for the third year of a mission  and  beyond  may  be  requested  if  there  is  a  requirement  for  confidence-building activities, in which case a needs assessment should be conducted; 
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Emphasizes   the   importance   of   coordination   with   humanitarian   and   development partners in order to avoid duplication and overlap of activities between missions and humanitarian and development partners in the field; 
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Stresses  that  mission  budgets  allocated  for  quick-impact  projects  should  not  be  used  to  finance  humanitarian  and  development  activities  already  being  carried out by United Nations agencies or other international organizations; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

During the 67th session, concern over the continued request for QIP funding in UNMIK, a mission established 14 years earlier, led the General Assembly to reject the requested funds as QIPs funding but approved it under a separate "confidence-building projects" line item.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution 67/276 of 28 June 2013, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

== Secretariat policy ==
In response to the request for the Secretariat to issue a QIP policy in [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 and on the basis of the guidance provided in resolution 61/276, [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations|DPKO]] and [[Department of Field Support|DFS]] issued a policy on QIPs that established a maximum ceiling of $25,000 for each project and a timeline for implementation of three months. Following a 2011 lessons-learned exercise, a revised policy was issued in 2013 that doubled both the threshold and the maximum ceiling for projects. The policy specified that funding for QIPs may constitute up to 1 per-cent of the mission budget and should only be included in the budget request for the start-up phase and the first two years of a mission. Requests for the third year and beyond should only be made if there is a requirement for confidence-building activities.&lt;ref&gt;2012.21 DPKO–DFS Policy on Quick-Impact Projects&lt;/ref&gt; The most recent QIP policy and guidelines were issued in 2017. 

In peacekeeping missions, QIPs are generally managed by civil affairs components. Guidelines for the planning and management of QIPs is included in the DPKO–DFS [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/89916 Civil Affairs Handbook], issued in 2012. 

== Funding levels ==
The amounts for QIPs approved by the General Assembly for each financial period are summarized in the summary table of [[approved resources for peacekeeping operations]] issued by the Secretariat.

== Oversight body recommendations ==
The Office of Internal Oversight Services occasionally performs audits of QIPs in individual missions. The resulting audit reports are published on the [https://oios.un.org/page?slug=report OIOS website].

The Board of Auditors, in its annual report on peacekeeping operations, occasionally focuses on QIPs. In its report for the 2014/15 financial period&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/5(Vol.II) A/70/5 (Vol. II)] Report of the Board of Auditors&lt;/ref&gt; identified delays in the selection and approval of projects, delay in the release of funds, delay in the execution and completion of projects and inadequate monitoring and review, which prompted an internal review of QIPs management and the development of mission-specific standard operating procedures.&lt;ref&gt;DPKO–DFS cable 2733 (14 December 2015): Enhancement of the effective and efficient implementation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) in peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== Documents ==
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400678 2017.16 DPKO–DFS Policy on Quick Impact Projects]
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400679 2017.17 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Quick Impact Projects]
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/89916 2012.02 DPKO–DFS Civil Affairs Handbook]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Composition of the Secretariat</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="2438" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual report on the '''composition of the Secretariat''', which is considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] every year under the human resources management agenda item. During odd-numbered sessions of the General Assembly, an addendum covering [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel, retirees and consultants]] is also submitted.

The reports provide statistics on staff composition broken down by gender, grade, Secretariat entity and age, as well as statistics related to geographical representation and the [[system of desirable ranges]]. 

== Secretary-General reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Composition report !! Addendum !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591 A/75/591] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591/Add.1 A/75/591/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/82 A/74/82] || ||
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79 A/73/79] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79/add.1 A/73/79/Add.1] || 
|-
| 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/123 A/72/123] || || Switch to calendar year reporting
|-
| 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360 A/71/360] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360/add.1 A/71/360/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014/15 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/764 A/70/764] || ||
|-
| 2013/14 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292 A/69/292] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292/add.1 A/69/292/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/356 A/68/356] || ||
|-
| 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329 A/67/329] || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329/add.1 A/67/329/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/347 A/66/347] || ||
|-
| 2009/10 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350 A/65/350] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350/add.1 A/65/350/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/352 A/64/352] || ||
|-
| 2007/08 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/310 A/63/310] || ||
|-
| 2006/07 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/315 A/62/315] || ||
|-
| 2005/06 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/257 A/61/257] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/257/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2004/05 || [https://undocs.org/A/60/310 A/60/310] || ||
|-
| 2003/04 || [https://undocs.org/A/59/299 A/59/299] || ||
|-
| 2002/03 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/666 A/58/666] || ||
|- 
| 2001/02 || [https://undocs.org/A/57/414 A/57/414] || ||
|-
| 2000/01 || [https://undocs.org/A/56/512 A/56/512] and [https://undocs.org/A/56/512/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Article 19</title>
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    <text bytes="9615" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1&lt;/ref&gt;; Central African Republic, Congo, Iran, Libya, Niger, South Sudan and Zimbabwe.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>1090f826502cc03547541a1acebd3e32c0d8a1b8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>775</id>
    <parentid>769</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-02-09T22:00:15Z</timestamp>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="9877" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1&lt;/ref&gt;; '''Central African Republic''', '''Congo''', '''Iran''', Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>c4c5bbb9c8eb760df00a6bce26d304af320a4a1f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>785</id>
    <parentid>775</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-05-24T13:17:36Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
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    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9964" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Venezuela (as at 31 December 2020)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;; &lt;br /&gt;'''Central African Republic''', Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Iran''', Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */</comment>
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    <text bytes="10073" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Venezuela (as at 31 December 2020)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;; &lt;br /&gt;Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <comment>/* Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives */</comment>
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    <text bytes="14197" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] || 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6 (Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>92f929311702a64303f2f617d04ec110be35d9a1</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>795</id>
    <parentid>770</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-07-15T14:23:58Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="14609" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 76 ||  ||  || A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1 (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2 (cluster I); A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3 (cluster II); A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4 (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] || 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives */ Added URLs for A/76/6(sect.3) addenda</comment>
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    <text bytes="14777" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 76 ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] || 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 75 || || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Indexes */</comment>
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    <text bytes="1491" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===

* [[Unmanned aircraft system]] - Added 2 January 2021
* [[Guard unit]] - Added 29 December 2020
* [[Safety and security]] - Added 30 October 2020

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1703" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Unmanned aircraft system]] - Added 2 January 2021
* [[Guard unit]] - Added 29 December 2020
* [[Safety and security]] - Added 30 October 2020

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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    <text bytes="8114" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA initial approved total !! GA initial approved summary !! GA final approved total !! GA final approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || 6,777,333,400 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || 6,775,063,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt; || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || ||  || 
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || ||  || 
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || ||  || 
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>35cc3adf19e582aa054a7370f6d866dd337c2f99</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>782</id>
    <parentid>773</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-04-30T22:06:49Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Summary table */ Added A/C.5/75/22</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8234" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA initial approved total !! GA initial approved summary !! GA final approved total !! GA final approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || 6,777,333,400 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || 6,775,063,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt; || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || ||  || 
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || ||  || 
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || ||  || 
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>3b792b8d70a9b07741e80ca77e871b4bc8f3c89e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>793</id>
    <parentid>782</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-07-08T14:35:06Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Summary table */ Added A/C.5/75/25 summary table</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8292" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one in the second half of the financial period (representing the final total) reflecting any changes approved by the General Assembly over the course of the financial period. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. 

== Summary table ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! GA initial approved total !! GA initial approved summary !! GA final approved total !! GA final approved summary !! Notes
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] ||  ||  ||  UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || 6,777,333,400 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || 6,775,063,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt; || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || 7,020,386,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || 7,316,288,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || 7,892,945,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || 8,466,777,380 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] ||
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || 7,831,650,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || 7,841,758,977 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || 7,832,407,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || 7,869,219,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || 7,310,003,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || 6,746,805,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || 5,406,019,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || 4,433,965,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || 2,824,229,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] ||
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || ||  || 
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || ||  || 
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || ||  || 
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>a46483d7b7cae0c4c5e8f4dfc459ff5063cf1238</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>794</id>
    <parentid>793</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-07-09T00:20:42Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>Overhauled table, added key, added final apportionment figures from overview reports</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10423" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || Expected Jan 2022 ||  || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || TBD || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
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    <comment>Updated to reflect UNAMID closure</comment>
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    <text bytes="9113" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2007 || 2020 || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020] Letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council on the independent assessment  of  United Nations-African Union cooperation and the structure and capacity of the [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>Inter-mission cooperation</title>
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    <text bytes="10444" xml:space="preserve">'''Inter-mission cooperation''' ('''IMC''') refers to cooperation between United Nations peace operations, including the sharing of information or coordination among neighboring missions in the implementation of a broader regional strategy. 

Inter-mission cooperation can also refer to a specific type of cooperation arrangement in which capacities of one mission—such as air assets, military and police personnel—can be used in another mission. Such an arrangement is possible only if the following conditions are met:

* The Security Council has authorized inter-mission cooperation of this nature;
* The troop- or police-contributing countries of the units in question agree; and 
* The governments of the host countries of the respective missions agree.

Historically, such arrangements have been utilized to address cross-border issues between missions in countries that share a border, to allow missions to respond rapidly to crises or to support mission start-up or expansion. However, "while this approach can be a means to optimize the use of deployed peacekeepers, particularly where temporary reinforcements may be needed, it should be seen only as a bridging measure, and not as a substitute for the provision of the capabilities to address long-term, continuing requirements."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679] Peacekeeping overview report 2012/13, paragraph 52&lt;/ref&gt;

== Background ==

Under normal circumstances, inter-mission transfer between missions is not possible between peacekeeping missions because, since at least the late 1990s, the General Assembly has included the following standard operating paragraph in [[peacekeeping financing]] resolutions to prohibit cross-borrowing:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Emphasizes'' that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2004, the Secretary-General proposed examination of measures to facilitate cross-border operations between the peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), Liberia (UNMIL) and Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2004/228 S/2004/228] 21st SG report on the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) resolution 1609 (2005)] of 24 June 2005, decided:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
6. ''Authorizes'', subject to the necessary prior steps referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 above, including the agreements of the troop-contributing countries and, where relevant, the governments concerned, the temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI to deal with challenges which cannot be handled within the authorized personnel ceiling of a given mission, subject to the following conditions: &lt;br /&gt;
: (a) The Secretary-General shall inform the Security Council in advance of his intention to make such a redeployment, including its scope and duration, with the understanding that the implementation of the above-mentioned reinforcement will require a corresponding decision of the Security Council,&lt;br /&gt;
: (b) Any forces redeployed shall continue to be counted against the authorized ceiling on military and civilian personnel of the mission from which they are being transferred and shall not count against the ceiling of the mission to which they are being transferred,&lt;br /&gt;
: (c) Any such transfer shall not result in any increase in the total combined ceilings on military and civilian personnel deployed in UNOCI, UNAMSIL and UNMIL determined by the Security Council in the respective mandates of the three missions,&lt;br /&gt;
: (d) Any such transfer shall not have the effect of extending the deployment period of personnel deployed under the mandate of their original mission, unless the Security Council decides otherwise;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

A similar arrangement was authorized for ONUB and MONUC in resolution [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] of 21 December 2005. 

The General Assembly, in paragraph 1 of section IX of its resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] of 30 June 2006 on cross-cutting issues, acknowledged these inter-mission cooperation arrangements, stating:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Welcomes'' the  efforts  to  increase  collaboration  between  missions,  in  particular  those  in  the  same  region,  and  emphasizes  the  importance  of  further  enhancing  collaboration,  to  the  extent  possible,  with  a  view  to  achieving  greater  synergy in the effective and efficient use of the resources of the United Nations and the implementation of missions’ mandates, bearing in mind that individual missions bear  a  responsibility  for  the  preparation  and  for  overseeing  their  own  budgets  and  for controlling their own assets and logistical operations;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Temporary deployments or transfers of units or assets ==

When units or assets are temporarily deployed under inter-mission cooperation arrangements, they count against the authorized strength of the sending mission, and costs associated with reimbursement of [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] are charged against the sending mission's budget. Operational costs of units while deployed under IMC, e.g. fuel, water, rations, are borne by the receiving mission. 

Below are instances in which the Security Council has authorized IMC through the temporary deployment or transfer of units or assets from one mission to another. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Security Council decision !! Applicable missions !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1609(2005) 1609 (2005)] || '''UNOCI''', UNAMSIL, UNMIL || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian  police personnel among UNMIL, UNAMSIL and UNOCI 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1650(2005) 1650 (2005)] || '''ONUB''', MONUC  || Authorized temporary redeployment of military and civilian police personnel between ONUB and MONUC
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1951(2010) 1951 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Deployment of three infantry companies and an aviation unit (2 military utility helicopters) from UNMIL to UNOCI for no more than four weeks
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1962(2010) 1962 (2010)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1967(2011) 1967 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010) and 1962 (2010) by four weeks 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1968(2011) 1968 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1967 (2011) by three months and addition of three armed helicopters to IMC arrangements 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1981(2011) 1981 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011) until 30 June 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1992(2011) 1992 (2011)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of IMC arrangements under resolution 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and 1981 (2011) until 30 September 2011 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/1996(2011) 1996 (2011)] || '''UNMISS''' || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of three armed helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to be used in both Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia along and across the border, and authorization for military utility helicopters of both missions to be used in both countries
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) 2100 (2013)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2116(2013) 2116 (2013)] || '''UNMIL''', UNOCI || Transfer of four APCs from UNMIL to UNOCI
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2132(2013) 2132 (2013)] || '''UNMISS''', MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC to support surge following December crisis
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) 2149 (2014)] || '''MINUSCA''' || Authorization of transfer or temporary deployment of military enablers under IMC to support mission start-up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) 2155 (2014)] || '''UNMISS''' || Discontinuation of IMC arrangements under resolution 2132 (2013)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2162(2014) 2162 (2014)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Establishment of regional quick-reaction force (QRF) to support both UNMIL and UNOCI, for one year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2164(2014) 2164 (2014)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Authorization of IMC transfer of troops and assets
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2226(2015) 2226 (2015)] || '''UNOCI''', UNMIL || Extension of regional QRF; introduction of requirement to obtain Security Council authorization to deploy to Liberia for a period that exceeds 90 days
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2015/494 S/2015/494] and [https://undocs.org/s/2015/495 S/2015/495];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2015/660 S/2015/660] and [https://undocs.org/S/2015/661 S/2015/661] || '''UNFICYP''', UNIFIL || Deployment of Cambodian demining team from UNIFIL to UNFICYP through 31 Dec 2015
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/res/2295(2016) 2295 (2016)] || '''MINUSMA''', UNMIL, UNOCI || Transfer of regional QRF and aviation support unit from UNOCI to MINUSMA
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2348(2017) 2348 (2017)] || '''MONUSCO''' || Requested SG  to  explore  possibility  of  IMC  transfers of  troops  and  their  assets  from  other missions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1290 S/2020/1290] and [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1291 S/2020/1291]; &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2021/126 S/2021/126] and [https://undocs.org/S/2021/127 S/2021/127] || '''MINUSCA''', UNMISS || Exchange of letters authorizing two-month IMC transfer of two infantry companies and two helicopters from UNMISS to MINUSCA, subsequently extended by two months
|}

== See also ==
* [https://undocs.org/s/2005/135 S/2005/135] SG report on inter-mission cooperation and possible cross-border operations between UNAMSIL, UNMIL and UNOCI
* [https://undocs.org/s/2011/351 S/2011/351] Letter from the SG to the President of the Security Council (on UNOCI-UNMIL inter-mission cooperation)
* [https://undocs.org/s/2014/342 S/2014/342] 34th SG report on UNOCI (proposing establishment of a regional quick-reaction force)

== References ==

[[category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Overview report</title>
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    <text bytes="3829" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance year !! Budget request year !! Cross-cutting resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786] || || 2019/20 || 2021/22 || ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/737 A/74/737] || 2018/19 || 2020/21 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/755 A/73/755] || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/789 A/72/789] || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/836 A/71/836] || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/742 A/70/742] || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/839 A/69/839] || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/307 67/307] || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/782 A/68/782] || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/780 A/67/780] || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || [https://undocs.org/a/66/718 A/66/718] || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || [https://undocs.org/a/65/743 A/65/743] || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || [https://undocs.org/a/64/660 A/64/660] || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/259] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || [https://undocs.org/a/62/781 A/62/781] || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || [https://undocs.org/a/61/852 A/61/852] || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/60/880 A/60/880] || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || [https://undocs.org/a/58/759 A/58/759] || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772] || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>5d41067beed9e2341284db30bb29ea0de9a47ec9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>787</id>
    <parentid>781</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-06-19T22:22:06Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Overview reports */ Added ACABQ report A/75/822</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3868" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance year !! Budget request year !! Cross-cutting resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/822 A/75/822] || 2019/20 || 2021/22 || ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/737 A/74/737] || 2018/19 || 2020/21 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/755 A/73/755] || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/789 A/72/789] || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/836 A/71/836] || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/742 A/70/742] || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/839 A/69/839] || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/307 67/307] || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/782 A/68/782] || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/780 A/67/780] || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || [https://undocs.org/a/66/718 A/66/718] || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || [https://undocs.org/a/65/743 A/65/743] || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || [https://undocs.org/a/64/660 A/64/660] || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/259] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || [https://undocs.org/a/62/781 A/62/781] || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || [https://undocs.org/a/61/852 A/61/852] || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/60/880 A/60/880] || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || [https://undocs.org/a/58/759 A/58/759] || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772] || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>8d3d715cc1d22f7aedfc60f027b1f1b630655e75</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>792</id>
    <parentid>787</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-07-06T19:29:09Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Overview reports */ No cross-cutting resolution adopted during the 75th session</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3872" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance year !! Budget request year !! Cross-cutting resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/822 A/75/822] || 2019/20 || 2021/22 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/737 A/74/737] || 2018/19 || 2020/21 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/755 A/73/755] || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/789 A/72/789] || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/836 A/71/836] || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/742 A/70/742] || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/839 A/69/839] || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/307 67/307] || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/782 A/68/782] || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/780 A/67/780] || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || [https://undocs.org/a/66/718 A/66/718] || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || [https://undocs.org/a/65/743 A/65/743] || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || [https://undocs.org/a/64/660 A/64/660] || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/259] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || [https://undocs.org/a/62/781 A/62/781] || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || [https://undocs.org/a/61/852 A/61/852] || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/60/880 A/60/880] || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || [https://undocs.org/a/58/759 A/58/759] || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772] || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>809418b346800b5becaf5182c7da42f8792a3037</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>20</id>
  <revision>
    <id>783</id>
    <parentid>733</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-05-04T16:31:36Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Recent C-34 reports */  Added A/75/19</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="14251" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2020, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/AC.121/2020/INF/3 A/AC.121/2020/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/19 A/75/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/563 A/75/563] ||
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || First report under new format structured around the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] priority areas
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>34beb4b300211b0d3c14118db421570e25a4c3af</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Development system reform</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>29</id>
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    <id>784</id>
    <parentid>680</parentid>
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    <text bytes="4071" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of [[United Nations country team|UN country teams]]''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A [[Development Coordination Office|'''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator system''']] with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|}

== Reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || QCPR report; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/79 A/75/79—E/2020/55] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || QCPR report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || Development Coordination Office
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]
* [[Mutual recognition]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>858adbd0174dd4d164ae9ff0600eea6a87b18891</sha1>
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    <text bytes="4183" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of [[United Nations country team|UN country teams]]''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A [[Development Coordination Office|'''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator system''']] with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|}

== Reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/905 A/75/905] ||  || Review of the functioning of the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || QCPR report; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/79 A/75/79—E/2020/55] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || QCPR report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || Development Coordination Office
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]
* [[Mutual recognition]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>d6a3297863cf30b635b2cc45feec56907879e102</sha1>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>84</id>
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    <id>786</id>
    <parentid>653</parentid>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="17291" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on the '''comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations''' in all their [sic] aspects on an annual basis since 1965. These reports generally relate to the work of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], or C34. 

== List of resolutions ==

The following table lists resolutions titled "Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects". Note that the shorthand "C34" is used in this table to refer to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, even though the Committee was not known as such until after it reached 34 members in the late 1980s. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|- 
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/281 75/281] || 24 May 2021 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/75/19 A/75/19]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/277 74/277] || 18 Jun 2020  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19]; adopted virtually due to COVID-19
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/293 73/293] || 20 May 2019  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19]
|- 
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/304 72/304] || 13 July 2018 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19]
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/314 71/314] || 19 July 2017 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19]
|- 
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/268 70/268] || 14 June 2016 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19]
|- 
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/287 69/287] || 8 June 2015  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19]
|- 
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/277 68/277] || 16 June 2014 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]
|- 
| 67 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/301 67/301] || 16 September 2013 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]
|- 
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/297 66/297] || 17 September 2012  || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19]
|- 
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/65/310 65/310] || 19 July 2011 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19]
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/266 64/266] || 21 May 2010 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19]
|-
| 63 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/280 63/280] || 8 May 2009 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(supp) A/63/19]
|-
| 62 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/273 62/273] || 11 September 2008 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) A/62/19]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267B 61/267B] || 24 July 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session on 11 June 2007 to consider the revised draft model [[memorandum of understanding]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part III]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/291 61/291] || 24 July 2007 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/267 61/267] || 16 May 2007 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a second resumed session in 2006 on 18 December.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) A/61/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/289 60/289] || 8 September 2006 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 26-27 June to consider the [[sexual exploitation and abuse|victims assistance strategy]] and model [[memorandum of understanding]].''&lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/263 60/263] || 6 June 2006 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/Rev.1 A/60/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/300 59/300] || 22 June 2005 || ''Note: The C34 reconvened for a resumed session from 4-8 April to consider the [[Zeid report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of the C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part II]
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/281 59/281] || 29 March 2005 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1, part I]
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/58/315 58/315] || 1 July 2004 || ''Note: this was the first year that the C-34 report was issued under the reserved document number '19'.'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(supp) A/58/19]
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57/336 57/336] || 18 June 2003 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767]
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225B 56/225B] || 22 May 2002 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863]
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/241 56/241] || 24 December 2001 || ''Note: This was a [[Fifth Committee]] resolution related to resource requirements associated with implementation of the recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]].''&lt;br /&gt;Took note of the statement of financial implications of draft resolution [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/L.23 A/C.4/55/L.23] ([https://undocs.org/a/res/56/225 56/225A]) [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46 A/C.5/55/46], [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/55/46/add.1 Add.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved an additional 7 posts in the regular budget and 121 posts under the support account
|-
| 56 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/225 56/225A] || 24 December 2001 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/corr.1 Corr.1] 
|-
| 55 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/135 55/135] || 8 December 2000 || ''Note: The C34 convened in an extraordinary session to consider the [[Brahimi report]].'' &lt;br /&gt;Endorsed proposals, recommendations and conclusions of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81B 54/81B] || 25 May 2000 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839]
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/54/81 54/81A] || 6 December 1999 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87]
|-
| 53 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/53/58 53/58] || 3 December 1998 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127]
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/69 52/69] || 10 December 1997 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/52/209 A/52/209]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/RES/51/136 51/136] || 13 December 1996 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/51/130 A/51/130] and [https://undocs.org/a/51/130/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Expanded membership of the C34 to past and present personnel contributors and observers during the 1996 session; &lt;br /&gt;Decided that membership should be open to Member States who become personnel contributors or who participate as observers for three years
|-
| 50 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/50/30 50/30] || 6 December 1995 || Endorsed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/50/230 A/50/230]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/49/37 49/37] || 9 December 1994 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/49/136 A/49/136]; &lt;br /&gt;Confirmed that a peacekeeping operation should be under the operational control of the UN and that the appropriate channel for raising national concerns is through Headquarters; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of proposals of the Secretary-General on rationalization of the budgetary process [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/403 A/48/403] and on planning, budgeting and administration of peacekeeping operations [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed creation of Policy and Analysis Unit and Planning Division within DPKO;&lt;br /&gt;Welcomed adoption of the Convention on the Safety of UN and Associated Personnel (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/49/59 resolution 49/59])
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/42 48/42] || 10 December 1993 || Welcomed C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/48/173 A/48/173]; &lt;br /&gt;Noted with appreciation establishment of a stand-by forces planning team; &lt;br /&gt;Requested Secretariat to develop guidelines concerning the disposition of UN equipment upon termination of a peacekeeping operation; &lt;br /&gt;Noted report [https://undocs.org/a/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/a/48/503/add.1 Add.1] on improving the [[financial situation of the United Nations]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of the transfer of the [[Department of Field Support|Field Operations Division]] from the [[Department of Management|Department of Administration and Management]] to [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment in DPKO of a 24/7 situation centre; &lt;br /&gt;Noted the importance of concluding [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] between the UN and troop contributors before deployment; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed establishment of a focal point for peacekeeping training in DPKO; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized importance of public information and called for significant enhancement of the rpess and public information function for peacekeeping missions; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that any State in whose territory a UN peacekeeping operation is conducted should act promptly to deter and prosecute those responsible for attacks and other acts of violence against UN personnel; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/48/349 A/48/349] on measures and proposals to ensure and enhance security of UN operations
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/71 47/71] || 14 December 1992 || Took note of C34 reports [https://undocs.org/a/47/253 A/47/253] and [https://undocs.org/a/47/386 A/47/386] (Special report on An Agenda for Peace); &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need for the UN to be given resources commensurate with its growing responsibilities in peacekeeping, particularly with reference to resources needed for start-up phases; &lt;br /&gt;Stressed the need to delegated increased financial and administrative authority to FCs and SRSGs to increase missions' capacity to adjust to new situations and specific requirements; &lt;br /&gt;Encourages consideration of the establishment of a [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund|reserve fund]] to improve start-up financing of peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Acknowledged the competence of the General Assembly for appropriation and apportionment, and the importance of the Security Council being informed of cost implications; &lt;br /&gt;Emphasized importance of making a clear distinction between peacekeeping operations and assistance from the specialized agencies and departments of the UN not an integral part of the operation; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the creation of [[DPKO]]; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed the decision to appoint a Senior Police Adviser; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of report [https://undocs.org/a/47/604 A/47/604] on the feasibility of establishing an annual peacekeeping fellowship programme for national peacekeeping trainers; &lt;br /&gt;Invited the SG to review, with a view to streamlining procedures and enhancing effectiveness, the applicable financial and administrative regulations concerning peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 A/47/277] of the Secretary-General on strengthening the capacity of the UN for preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping ([[An Agenda for Peace]])
|-
| 46 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/48 46/48] || 9 December 1991 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/46/254 A/46/254]; &lt;br /&gt; Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/45/502 A/45/502] on use of civilian personnel in peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Welcomed report [https://undocs.org/a/46/169 A/46/169] and [https://undocs.org/a/46/169/add.1 Add.1] on Secretariat units dealing with peacekeeping operations; &lt;br /&gt;Considered it important to study financial questions seriously, particularly at the planning stage, to ensure the most cost-effective and efficient conduct of operations and strict control of expenditures; &lt;br /&gt;Took note of possibility of holding inter-sessional open-ended informal consultations to have an exchange of views and to receive briefings from the Secretariat; &lt;br /&gt;Recognized that peacekeeping operations are an evolving concept calling for increased attention and ongoing evaluation by Member States
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/75 45/75] || 11 December 1990 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/45/330 A/45/330]; &lt;br /&gt;Considered that the composition of UN peacekeeping operations should be on a wide geographical basis, while the composition of each operation would be consistent with particular requirements thereof
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/49 44/49] || 8 December 1989 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/44/301 A/44/301]; &lt;br /&gt;Encouraged Member States to establish national peacekeeping training programmes and the Secretariat to prepare training materials; &lt;br /&gt;Urged host countries to conclude [[status of forces agreement|status of forces agreements]] and requested Secretariat to prepare a model SOFA; &lt;br /&gt;Decided to allow participation of observers in the C34
|-
| 43 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/59 43/59] || 6 December 1988 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/43/566 A/43/566]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved request of the PRC to join the C34, bringing membership to 34
|-
| 42 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/161 42/161] || 8 December 1987 || No C34 report
|-
| 41 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/41/67 41/67] || 3 December 1986 || No C34 report
|-
| 40 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/40/163 40/163] || 16 December 1985 || No C34 report
|-
| 39 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/39/97 39/97] || 14 December 1984 || No C34 report
|-
| 38 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/38/81 38/81] || 15 December 1983 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/38/381 A/38/381]; &lt;br /&gt;Expressed conviction that peacekeeping operations are an essential function of the UN, though not a substitute for the peaceful settlement of disputes and therefore of a temporary nature
|-
| 37 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/37/93 37/93] || 10 December 1982 || No C34 report
|-
| 36 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/36/37 36/37] || 18 November 1981 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/36/469 A/36/469]
|-
| 35 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/35/121 35/121] || 11 December 1980 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/35/532 A/35/532]
|-
| 34 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/53 34/53] || 23 November 1979 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/34/592 A/34/592]
|-
| 33 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/33/114 33/114] || 18 December 1978 || No substantive C34 report; &lt;br /&gt;Invited Member States to submit information about national peacekeeping training programmes and standby capacities to the C34
|-
| 32 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/32/106 32/106] || 15 December 1977 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/32/394 A/32/394]
|-
| 31 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/31/105 31/105] || 15 December 1976 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/31/337 A/31/337]
|-
| 30 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3457(XXX) 3457(XXX)] || 10 December 1975 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/10366 A/10366]
|-
| 29 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3239(XXIX) 3239(XXIX)] || 29 November 1974 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9827 A/9827]
|-
| 28 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3091(XXVIII) 3091(XXVIII)] || 7 December 1973 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/9236 A/9236]
|-
| 27 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2965(XXVII) 2965(XXVII)] || 13 December 1972 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/8888 A/8888]
|-
| 26 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2835(XXVI) 2835(XXVI)] || 18 December 1971 || Took note of C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/8550 A/8550]
|-
| 25 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2670(XXV) 2670(XXV)] || 8 December 1970 || Took note of C34 [https://undocs.org/A/8081 A/8081]
|-
| 24 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2576(XXIV) 2576(XXIV)] || 15 December 1969 || Received and examined C34 report [https://undocs.org/a/7742 A/7742]
|-
| 23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2451(XXIII) 2451(XXIII)] || 19 December 1968 || Received and examined C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/7131 A/7131] and [https://undocs.org/a/7396 A/7396]
|-
| 22 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2308(XXII) 2308(XXII)] || 13 December 1967 || 
|-
| S-V || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2249(S-V) 2249(S-V)] || 23 May 1967 || Requested C34 to consider (a) methods of financing future peacekeeping operations and (b) voluntary in-kind contributions to peacekeeping operations
|-
| 21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2220(XXI) 2220(XXI)] || 19 December 1966 || Referred C34 report [https://undocs.org/A/6603 A/6603] to the fifth special session of the GA
|-
| 20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2053(XX) 2053(XX)] || 15 December 1965 || Noted C34 reports [https://undocs.org/A/5915 A/5915] and [https://undocs.org/A/5915/Add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5916]
|-
| 19 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2006(XIX) 2006(XIX)] || 18 February 1965 || Authorized the establishment of the C34
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]
* [[Special political missions#Comprehensive_review_of_special_political_missions|Comprehensive review of special political missions]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions|Cross-cutting issues]] ([[Fifth Committee]] resolution)

== References ==

[[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Cross-cutting resolutions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="7529" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

The main report considered by cross-cutting resolutions are the annual [[overview report|report on the overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations]].

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 75 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 74 || No resolution || || 
|-
| 73 || No resolution || || ''Identical paragraphs related to oversight body recommendations and risk management and internal controls inserted into all mission financing resolutions. &lt;br /&gt;Identical paragraphs on [[programmatic activities]] also inserted into financing resolutions of relevant missions''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Requested the SG to submit annual [[overview report]] on the financing of peacekeeping missions&lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Approved measures on disposition of assets following liquidation ([[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Reg 5.14]]); &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] (Fourth Committee/[[C34]] resolution)

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Staff Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <text bytes="3492" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1/rev.1 '''ST/SGB/2018/1/Rev.1'''] (1 January 2021).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1] ( 1 January 2018)
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/A/59/291 A/59/291] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/732 A/61.732] Staffing of field missions, including the use of 300 and 100-series appointments&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/1 ST/SGB/2000/1] Staff Rules—100 series&lt;ref&gt;For Article IV (appointment and promotion), see [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/5 ST/SGB/1999/5]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/2 ST/SGB/2000/2] Staff Rules—200 series applicable to technical assistance project personnel
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/3 ST/SGB/2000/3] Staff Rules—300 series governing appointments for service of a limited duration

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210102182726|755">
  <title>Safety and security</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="10278" xml:space="preserve">Under the [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Regulations]], the Secretary-General shall seek to ensure "that all necessary '''safety and security''' arrangements are made for staff carrying out the responsibilities entrusted to them"&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 1.2(c)&lt;/ref&gt;. The current framework for safety and security in the [[United Nations system]] was established by the General Assembly in section XI of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276], which established both the '''Department of Safety and Security''' (DSS) and the '''United Nations security management system''' (UNSMS).

== Security management system ==
The UN security management system consists of the policies and structures in place to ensure the safety and security of UN personnel and property. 

=== Framework of accountability ===
The framework of accountability establishes the roles and responsibilities within the security management system&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter II&lt;/ref&gt;. These include:
* '''The Secretary-General'''
: Chief administrative officer of the Organization; accountable for the overall safety and security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets.

* '''Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security'''
: Appointed by the Secretary-General under the terms of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276]. Oversees DSS and exercises delegated authority from the Secretary-General to make decisions relevant to the direction and control of the UNSMS.

* '''Designated official'''
: The most senior United Nations official present in a country, the DO is accountable to the Secretary-General, through the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security, for the security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets within the country or designated area.

* '''Chief Security Adviser'''
: Security professional appointed by the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security to advise the DO on matters of safety and security. 

* '''Security Management Team'''
: Country-level security coordination mechanism chaired by the DO and which includes the heads of each [[United Nations system]] organization present at the duty station as well as the chief security adviser. 

* '''Inter-Agency Security Management Network'''
: Main governance mechanism for the UNSMS. Subsidiary body of the High-Level Committee on Management consisting of the senior managers overseeing security functions within each member organization of the UNSMS. 

=== Applicability ===
[[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] covered by United Nations security arrangements include staff members and eligible family members, interns, United Nations Volunteers, consultants and individually-deployed military and police personnel. Military and police contingents (troops and members of formed police units) are covered under separate mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter III&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Security risk management policy ===
The security risk management policy is a structured approach to identifying harmful events (threats) that may affect the achievement of objectives, assessing the likelihood and impact of those threats and identifying an appropriate response. The combination of likelihood and impact translates into five levels of security risk: low, medium, high, very high and unacceptable. The policy outlines the four approaches to addressing security risks, namely controlling risk, avoiding risk, transferring risk and accepting risk. &lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter IV&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Programme criticality ===
The purpose of the programme criticality framework is to assess programmatic priorities in changing or volatile security situations. The responsibility for programme criticality lies with the senior United Nations representative in country responsible for programmes (i.e. the resident coordinator or Special Representative of the Secretary-General).

== Annual report ==
An annual report is issued by the Secretary-General on safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel, which is considered under the plenary agenda item "Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations". Prior to the 53rd session, this information was contained in a report to the [[Fifth Committee]] on respect for the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] of officials of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and related organizations.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report   !! Year !! Resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/246 A/75/246] || 2019-20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/125 75/125] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/464 A/74/464] || 2018-19 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/116 74/116] ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/392 A/73/392], [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.2 Corr.2] || 2017-18 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/137 73/137] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/490 A/72/490] || 2016-17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/131 72/131] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/395 A/71/395] || 2015-16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/129 71/129] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/383 A/70/383] || 2014-15 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/104 70/104] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/69/406 A/69/406] || 2013-14 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/133 69/133] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/489 A/68/489] || 2012-13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/101 68/101] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/492 A/67/492] || 2011-12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/85 67/85] ||
|}

== Armed private security ==
In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of additional capacities to protect United Nations personnel and premises. In addition to the longstanding practice of engaging unarmed local contractors to secure premises, the United Nations has also, at times, considered the deployment of [[guard units]] or the engagement of armed private security companies. 

The following four criteria govern the use of armed private security companies:
# The decision to contract an armed private security company should be taken in accordance with existing approval processes and accountability mechanisms for all security-related decisions;
# The United Nations should use services provided by armed private security companies only to cover guarding of personnel at United Nations facilities and mobile armed escorts;
# An armed private security company contracted by the United Nations should come under the clear authority and direction of the appropriate organization of the United Nations system with specific policies and guidelines for the United Nations security management system;
# In procuring the services of an armed private security company, the United Nations should ensure adherence to the Financial Regulations and Rules and procurement policies and procedures and should choose only companies that meet agreed criteria according to the established vetting standards and mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

The General Assembly, in section V of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254] stressed that armed private security services should only be use as a last resort to enable United Nations activities in high-risk environments only when a United Nations security risk assessment concludes that other alternatives, including protection by the host country, support from the Member States concerned or internal United Nations system resources are inadequate.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254], section V paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Background ===
In 2010, the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination drew attention to the lack of accountability mechanisms for mercenaries, private military and security companies and their personnel. It noted that the United Nations lacked a system-wide policy on where and in what conditions it will hire private military and security companies,  and on the associated oversight system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325], section II&lt;/ref&gt;

In response, a policy on armed private security companies was established in 2012 and included in chapter IV of the [[safety and security|UNSMS]] security policy manual; this was accompanied by guidelines on the use of armed security sevices from private security companies. The guidelines enumerate the services which may be contracted from an armed private security company, criteria for consideration of the use of armed private security, the decision making framework, selection process, considerations regarding use of force and standard operating procedures, training standards and management and oversight.&lt;ref&gt;UNSMS Security Management Operations Manual&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539] Use of private security: Report of the Secretary-General
** [https://undocs.org/A/67/623 A/67/624] Use of private security: Report of the ACABQ
* [https://www.un.org/en/pdfs/undss-unsms_policy_ebook.pdf United Nations Security Management System: Security Policy Manual] (PDF)

'''Reports of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination:'''
* [https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325] 
* [https://undocs.org/a/69/338 A/69/338] 
:: This is a dedicated report on the use of private military and security companies by the United Nations
* [https://undocs.org/A/HRC/48/51 A/HRC/48/51] Impact of the use of private military and security services in humanitarian action

== See also ==
* [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|Privileges and immunities]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [https://www.un.org/undss/sites/www.un.org.undss/files/general/unsms_policy_ebook_updated_as_of_7_mar_2019_0.pdf UN Security Policy Manual]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] Organization of the Department of Safety and Security

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10498" xml:space="preserve">Under the [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Regulations]], the Secretary-General shall seek to ensure "that all necessary '''safety and security''' arrangements are made for staff carrying out the responsibilities entrusted to them"&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 1.2(c)&lt;/ref&gt;. The current framework for safety and security in the [[United Nations system]] was established by the General Assembly in section XI of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276], which established both the '''Department of Safety and Security''' (DSS) and the '''United Nations security management system''' (UNSMS).

== Security management system ==
The UN security management system consists of the policies and structures in place to ensure the safety and security of UN personnel and property. 

=== Framework of accountability ===
The framework of accountability establishes the roles and responsibilities within the security management system&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter II&lt;/ref&gt;. These include:
* '''The Secretary-General'''
: Chief administrative officer of the Organization; accountable for the overall safety and security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets.

* '''Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security'''
: Appointed by the Secretary-General under the terms of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276]. Oversees DSS and exercises delegated authority from the Secretary-General to make decisions relevant to the direction and control of the UNSMS.

* '''Designated official'''
: The most senior United Nations official present in a country, the DO is accountable to the Secretary-General, through the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security, for the security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets within the country or designated area.

* '''Chief Security Adviser'''
: Security professional appointed by the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security to advise the DO on matters of safety and security. 

* '''Security Management Team'''
: Country-level security coordination mechanism chaired by the DO and which includes the heads of each [[United Nations system]] organization present at the duty station as well as the chief security adviser. 

* '''Inter-Agency Security Management Network'''
: Main governance mechanism for the UNSMS. Subsidiary body of the High-Level Committee on Management consisting of the senior managers overseeing security functions within each member organization of the UNSMS. 

=== Applicability ===
[[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] covered by United Nations security arrangements include staff members and eligible family members, interns, United Nations Volunteers, consultants and individually-deployed military and police personnel. Military and police contingents (troops and members of formed police units) are covered under separate mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter III&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Security risk management policy ===
The security risk management policy is a structured approach to identifying harmful events (threats) that may affect the achievement of objectives, assessing the likelihood and impact of those threats and identifying an appropriate response. The combination of likelihood and impact translates into five levels of security risk: low, medium, high, very high and unacceptable. The policy outlines the four approaches to addressing security risks, namely controlling risk, avoiding risk, transferring risk and accepting risk. &lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter IV&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Programme criticality ===
The purpose of the programme criticality framework is to assess programmatic priorities in changing or volatile security situations. The responsibility for programme criticality lies with the senior United Nations representative in country responsible for programmes (i.e. the resident coordinator or Special Representative of the Secretary-General).

== Annual report ==
An annual report is issued by the Secretary-General on safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel, which is considered under the plenary agenda item "Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations". Prior to the 53rd session, this information was contained in a report to the [[Fifth Committee]] on respect for the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] of officials of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and related organizations.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report   !! Year !! Resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/246 A/75/246] || 2019-20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/125 75/125] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/464 A/74/464] || 2018-19 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/116 74/116] ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/392 A/73/392], [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.2 Corr.2] || 2017-18 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/137 73/137] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/490 A/72/490] || 2016-17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/131 72/131] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/395 A/71/395] || 2015-16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/129 71/129] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/383 A/70/383] || 2014-15 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/104 70/104] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/69/406 A/69/406] || 2013-14 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/133 69/133] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/489 A/68/489] || 2012-13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/101 68/101] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/492 A/67/492] || 2011-12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/85 67/85] ||
|}

== Armed private security ==
In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of additional capacities to protect United Nations personnel and premises. In addition to the longstanding practice of engaging unarmed local contractors to secure premises, the United Nations has also, at times, considered the deployment of [[guard units]] or the engagement of armed private security companies. 

The following four criteria govern the use of armed private security companies:
# The decision to contract an armed private security company should be taken in accordance with existing approval processes and accountability mechanisms for all security-related decisions;
# The United Nations should use services provided by armed private security companies only to cover guarding of personnel at United Nations facilities and mobile armed escorts;
# An armed private security company contracted by the United Nations should come under the clear authority and direction of the appropriate organization of the United Nations system with specific policies and guidelines for the United Nations security management system;
# In procuring the services of an armed private security company, the United Nations should ensure adherence to the Financial Regulations and Rules and procurement policies and procedures and should choose only companies that meet agreed criteria according to the established vetting standards and mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

The General Assembly, in section V of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254] stressed that armed private security services should only be use as a last resort to enable United Nations activities in high-risk environments only when a United Nations security risk assessment concludes that other alternatives, including protection by the host country, support from the Member States concerned or internal United Nations system resources are inadequate.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254], section V paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Background ===
In 2010, the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination drew attention to the lack of accountability mechanisms for mercenaries, private military and security companies and their personnel. It noted that the United Nations lacked a system-wide policy on where and in what conditions it will hire private military and security companies,  and on the associated oversight system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325], section II&lt;/ref&gt;

In response, a policy on armed private security companies was established in 2012 and included in chapter IV of the [[safety and security|UNSMS]] security policy manual; this was accompanied by guidelines on the use of armed security sevices from private security companies. The guidelines enumerate the services which may be contracted from an armed private security company, criteria for consideration of the use of armed private security, the decision making framework, selection process, considerations regarding use of force and standard operating procedures, training standards and management and oversight.&lt;ref&gt;UNSMS Security Management Operations Manual&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539] Use of private security: Report of the Secretary-General
** [https://undocs.org/A/67/623 A/67/624] Use of private security: Report of the ACABQ
* [https://www.un.org/en/pdfs/undss-unsms_policy_ebook.pdf United Nations Security Management System: Security Policy Manual] (PDF)

'''Reports of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination:'''
* [https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325] 
* [https://undocs.org/a/69/338 A/69/338] 
:: This is a dedicated report on the use of private military and security companies by the United Nations
* [https://undocs.org/A/HRC/48/51 A/HRC/48/51] Impact of the use of private military and security services in humanitarian action

== See also ==
* [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf Report on Improving Security of United Nations Peacekeepers] (19 December 2017), i.e. "Santos Cruz report" 
* [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|Privileges and immunities]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [https://www.un.org/undss/sites/www.un.org.undss/files/general/unsms_policy_ebook_updated_as_of_7_mar_2019_0.pdf UN Security Policy Manual]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] Organization of the Department of Safety and Security

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Legal]]</text>
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  <title>Independent reviews</title>
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    <text bytes="1918" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process. 

The reports of the independent strategic review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5848" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process. 

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== See also ==
* [https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Forti, Daniel. ''Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations''. IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021]

== References ==

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  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="9723" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established by the [[Preparatory Commission]] of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

=== Process ===
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to [[Article 19]] of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

=== Methodology ===
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
=== Other proposals ===
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| || [https://undocs.org/A/76/11 A/76/11] || 2022-2024 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== Assessments for Member States and non-Member States ==
The Secretariat issues document each year indicating in dollar terms the assessment of each Member and non-Member State for the regular budget. 

Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;

This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/honourroll.shtml Status of Contributions] (from the website of the [[Committee on Contributions]])

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5793" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is a mission (either [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping]] or [[special political missions|political]]) in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Integrated assessment and planning policy ==

The 2013 integrated assessment and planning (IAP) policy establishes the minimum and mandatory requirements for assessment and planning in conflict and post-conflict settings where an integrated UN presence is in place or is being considered. It can also be applied in non-integrated settings, mutatis mutandis, as in the case of UNAMID.

The four requirements under the IAP policy are:
# The joint conduct of '''strategic assessments''' to ensure a shared understanding of a conflict or post-conflict situation, role of stakeholders and core peace consolidation priorities, and to propose options for UN engagement on the basis of an assessment of risks and opportunities;
#: Strategic assessments bring together development, humanitarian and human rights entities to develop a shared understanding of a conflict or post-conflict situation, role of stakeholders and core peace consolidation priorities, and to propose options for UN engagement on the basis of an assessment of risks and opportunities. 
#: Strategic assessments form the basis for the development of recommendations to the Secretary-General—and ultimately to the Security Council—on the establishment or reconfiguration of a mission.
# The articulation of a '''common UN vision, priorities and respective responsibilities''' in support of peace consolidation, including relationship, if any, to national plans and priorities;
#: The shared vision, objectives and means are articulated, through an inclusive analytical planning process, in an integrated strategic framework (ISF). An ISF must include: (1) the main findings from integrated assessments; (2) a clear definition and expression of peace consolidation priorities for the UN; (3) an articulation of all programmatic, functional, and/or operational areas requiring an integrated approach; and (4) agreed results, timelines, responsibilities, and other relevant implementation and coordination arrangements. 
#: Other planning frameworks, such as a [[United Nations country team|United Nations sustainable development cooperation framework]] may be used in lieu of an ISF if it includes all required elements.
# The establishment of '''integrated mechanisms''' for joint analysis, planning, coordination, monitoring and decision-making on joint strategic and operational matters at both field and Headquarters levels;
#: At Headquarters, the Integrated Task Force chaired by the lead department and including [[DPPA]], [[DPO]], [[DOS]], [[OHCHR]], [[DSS]] and relevant [[United Nations system|agencies, funds and programmes]] is the main coordination forum.
#: At the mission level, missions have senior-level forums chaired by the SRSG in place for joint decision making on strategic and operational issues. 
#: The mission [[Mission_structures#Office_of_the_Chief_of_Staff|strategic planning unit]] generally serves as the core of a joint working-level analytical and planning capacity, working with the [[United Nations country team|resident coordinator office]].
# The conduct of '''integrated monitoring and reporting''' on the implementation of integrated strategic frameworks.

== Cost-sharing arrangement ==

The salaries and common staff costs for dual/triple-hatted DSRSGs is shared equally between missions and the Resident Coordinator system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/7/Add.48 A/70/7/Add.48], paragraph 17&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/498 A/73/498], paragraphs 21-28&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/579 A/73/579], paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;

Operational support costs, including official travel, were previously entirely covered by missions but are now covered under the global cost-shared budget as a result of the [[development system reform]].&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/272 B resolution 71/272B], Section V&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
* [https://reliefweb.int/report/world/secretary-generals-note-guidance-integrated-missions Note from the Secretary-General: Guidance on Integrated Missions] (February 2006)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387408 United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning] (April 2013)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387407 Integrated Assessment and Planning Handbook] (December 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/A/70/703 A/70/703] Proposed United Nations Secretariat contribution to the United Nations Development Group cost-sharing arrangement for the resident coordinator system

== See also ==
* [[Independent strategic reviews]], which have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the IAP policy
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1764" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Independent strategic reviews]] - Added 1 September 2021
* [[Unmanned aircraft system]] - Added 2 January 2021
* [[Guard unit]] - Added 29 December 2020
* [[Safety and security]] - Added 30 October 2020

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1862" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials]] - Added 3 October 2021
* [[Independent strategic reviews]] - Added 1 September 2021
* [[Unmanned aircraft system]] - Added 2 January 2021
* [[Guard unit]] - Added 29 December 2020
* [[Safety and security]] - Added 30 October 2020

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1976" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]] - Added 14 October 2021
* [[Conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials]] - Added 3 October 2021
* [[Independent strategic reviews]] - Added 1 September 2021
* [[Unmanned aircraft system]] - Added 2 January 2021
* [[Guard unit]] - Added 29 December 2020
* [[Safety and security]] - Added 30 October 2020

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2018" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Transitions]] - Added 18 October 2021
* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]] - Added 14 October 2021
* [[Conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials]] - Added 3 October 2021
* [[Independent strategic reviews]] - Added 1 September 2021
* [[Unmanned aircraft system]] - Added 2 January 2021
* [[Guard unit]] - Added 29 December 2020
* [[Safety and security]] - Added 30 October 2020

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2047" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Executive Committee]] and [[Management Committee]] - Added 4 November 2021
* [[Transitions]] - Added 18 October 2021
* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]] - Added 14 October 2021
* [[Conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials]] - Added 3 October 2021
* [[Independent strategic reviews]] - Added 1 September 2021
* [[Unmanned aircraft system]] - Added 2 January 2021
* [[Guard unit]] - Added 29 December 2020

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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  <title>Unmanned aircraft system</title>
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    <text bytes="4386" xml:space="preserve">An '''unmanned aircraft system''' ('''UAS'''), also referred to as a unmanned aerial system, consists of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), or drone, along with its ground support and communications systems. Missions currently use both UAS deployed through commercial contract as well as UAS deployed by troop- or police-contributing countries as [[contingent-owned equipment]]. 

== History ==
In 2013, UAS were deployed in peacekeeping for the first time in MONUSCO following an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2013/43 S/2013/43] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/44 S/2013/44]&lt;/ref&gt;. The introduction of UAS in peacekeeping was highly contentious, with strong objections from many stakeholders, including some host countries, neighbouring countries and troop- and police-contributing countries about United Nations surveillance of their activities and about the use and safeguarding of data. 

Concerns about the use UAS were key sticking points in deliberations in the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] and [[Fifth Committee]] in the years immediately following the introduction of UAS in peacekeeping. Within the C34, the term "modern technology" was used as a code word for UAS, as the NAM insisted in noting concerns about UAS while Western countries wanted to avoid any text specifically targeting UAS. The 2014 report of the C34 requested from the Secretary-General information and policy developments on the use of new technology, including lessons-learned from the operation of UAS in MONUSCO&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/68/19 A/68/19], paragraph 68&lt;/ref&gt;. The requested information was presented in the annex to the subsequent report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of C34 recommendations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642], pages 32-38&lt;/ref&gt;.

In the Fifth Committee, an attempt by the G77 and Russia in 2013 to block the deployment of further UAS through policy language in mission budgets was addressed through compromise language permitting the Secretary-General to deploy UAS taking into account "any lessons learned from the use of unmanned aerial systems in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/271 67/271], paragraph 10&lt;/ref&gt;. 

By 2015, the use of UAS had become more accepted. As noted in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/307 69/307] on cross-cutting issues for the 2015/16 budget, the General Assembly merely requested the Secretary-General "to ensure consistency, transparency and cost-efficiency in the budgeting for unmanned aerial systems in individual peacekeeping operation budget proposals in this regard, including by presenting expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement, as well as information on outputs, as appropriate, in the context of the results-based budget framework"&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/69/307 69/307], paragraph 39&lt;/ref&gt;. And in 2017, the [[contingent-owned equipment|Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment]] added UAS to the list of equipment in the COE manual, noting:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Unmanned aerial systems are increasingly being deployed to United Nations peacekeeping missions. Their primary tasks are gathering aerial data and geospatial information for the peacekeeping mission and providing invaluable information for many operational contexts. Because of their flexibility and diversity, they can be tailored to fit many different tasks within every mission and for all components.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20], paragraph 38&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Use of UAS in peacekeeping missions ==
To date, UAS have been deployed in MONUSCO, MINUSMA and MINUSCA. Since 2017, the General Assembly has been provided a summary of current and planned deployment of UAS as an annex to the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period   !! Overview report
|-
| 2021/22 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786], Annex III
|-
| 2020/21 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex III
|-
| 2019/20 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776], Annex III
|-
| 2018/19 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770], Annex IX
|-
| 2017/18 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809], Annex IX
|}

== See also ==
* [[Intelligence]]

== References ==

[[Category: Mission support]]</text>
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  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
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    <comment>/* Budget requests for programmatic activities */</comment>
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    <text bytes="4046" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;See [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]]. 

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2021/22 || 193,767,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786], Annex VIII
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4288" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Note by the Secretary-General [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: Report of the ACABQ [https://undocs.org/A/60/929 A/60/929]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]].

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2021/22 || 193,767,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786], Annex VIII
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="6143" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Note by the Secretary-General [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: Report of the ACABQ [https://undocs.org/A/60/929 A/60/929]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]].

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

In responding to these requests, Secretary-General included the following information in the peacekeeping overview report for 2020/21, saying:

: When a mission decides to implement programmatic activities through an implementing partner that is not part of the Secretariat, the accountability framework is provided by entering into a standard memorandum of understanding, included in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations-Department of Field Support guidelines of November 2017 (annex F). Under the memorandum of understanding, the responsibilities of the implementing  partners  and  their  reporting  obligations  towards  the  missions  are established. These include a calendar for submitting to the mission substantive and financial reports on the implementation of services and related outputs, achievements and financial outcome. It is also required under the memorandum of understanding that implementing partners comply with its internal and external audit procedures as set out in its financial regulations and rules and that, on that basis, the mission and the  implementing  partners  should  cooperate  to  rectify  any  issues  with  respect  to activities relating to the funds provided by the mission under the memorandum of understanding. Furthermore, with respect to accountability standards, the template memorandum  of  understanding  includes  the  provisions  regarding  due  care  and diligence  in  the  performance  of  services  by  the  implementing  partners  and  the responsibility for claims brought by any third party. The Secretariat has disseminated the memorandum of understanding to all missions and provides them with technical assistance, when requested, in collaboration with relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], section XVII, paragraph 266&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2021/22 || 193,767,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786], Annex VIII
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="12267" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping missions''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping missions ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur || UNAMID || 2007-07 || 2020-12 || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || MINUJUSTH || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]

* [[Independent strategic reviews]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
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  <title>Guard unit</title>
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    <text bytes="3171" xml:space="preserve">In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of '''guard units''' to protect United Nations personnel and premises. 

A United Nations guard unit is a formed unit deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] with a troop- or police-contributing country, which is reimbursed for its [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] as part of the standard frameworks established by the General Assembly. 

The deployment of a guard unit is a possible security risk management option when other preferred security risk management options have been exhausted. The decision to deploy a guard unit begins with a needs assessment, followed by a request for authorization through an exchange of letters with either the Security Council or the General Assembly, based on which intergovernmental body established the mission in question.&lt;ref&gt;UNDSS/SOP/1/2015 Deployment of United Nations Guard Units (SOP)&lt;/ref&gt;

Guard units have been deployed in the following situations:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mandate !! Mission !! Notes
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2559(2020) resolution 2559 (2020)] || UNAMID || Guard unit consisting of two FPUs with a total strength of 363 uniformed personnel retained as part of liquidation team as per [https://undocs.org/S/2021/470 S/2021/470]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2004/764 S/2004/764] and [https://undocs.org/s/2004/765 S/2014/765] || UNAMI || Authorized deployment of three formed guard units of 160 armed civilian police, paramilitary or military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/636 S/2013/636] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/637 S/2013/637] || BINUCA || Authorized deployment of an initial 250 military personnel&lt;ref&gt;In [https://undocs.org/S/2013/696 S/2013/696], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;, which was planned to be expanded to a battalion-sized unit of 560 personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2013/704 S/2013/704] and [https://undocs.org/s/2013/705 S/2013/705] || UNSMIL || Authorized deployment of a guard unit of up to 235 military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/764 S/2013/764] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/765 S/2013/765];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2015/234 S/2015/234] and [https://undocs.org/s/2015/235 S/2015/235];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2019/140 S/2019/140] and [https://undocs.org/s/2019/141 S/2019/141]  || UNSOM || (2013) Authorized guard unit consisting of a battalion, an extraction and reinforcement team and a logistics company, totaling 410 personnel&lt;ref&gt;In [https://undocs.org/S/2014/239 S/2014/239], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2015) Authorized increase in strength by 120 troops, to 530 personnel&lt;br /&gt;(2019) Authorized increase in strength by 95 troops&lt;ref&gt;in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/372 S/2019/372], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;, to 625 personnel
|}

== See also ==
* [[Safety and security]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[category: legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Memorandum of understanding</title>
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    <text bytes="6158" xml:space="preserve">A '''memorandum of understanding''' (MOU) is an agreement between two parties. In the context of peacekeeping operations, the term generally refers to the agreement between a troop- or police-contributing country and the United Nations with regard to the personnel, major equipment and self-sustainment capability to be deployed as part of a single military or police contingent to a specific peacekeeping mission. 

== Model memorandum of understanding ==

MOUs are based on the model MOU agreed by the General Assembly; there are separate MOUs for military contingents and police contingents because of the different [[categories of personnel|legal status]] of troops and members of [[formed police units]]. The text of the model MOU is contained in the [[contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]].

== Key elements of the MOU ==
The MOU sets forth the responsibilities of the United Nations and the contributing country. In addition to addressing contributions of personnel and equipment and the associated [[reimbursement]] and support, the MOU also spells out responsibilities related to conduct, discipline, investigations and accountability. These latter elements are relevant in cases of misconduct, such as allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].

Specific issues relevant to deployment, such as reimbursement rates and standards, as well as copies of relevant policy documents are appended to the MOU in annexes. The annexes currently appended to MOUs (since 1 July 2017) are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Military annex 
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | FPU annex
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Description
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| A
| A
| Personnel
| Includes appendix on individual kit of soldiers and FPU members, respectively
|-
| B
| B
| Major equipment
| 
|-
| C
| C
| Self-sustainment
| 
|-
| D
| D
| Principles of verification and performance standards for major equipment
| 
|-
| E
| E
| Principles of verification and performance standards for self-sustainment
| 
|-
| F
| F
| Principles of verification and performance standards for medical support
| 
|-
| G
| G
| [[Statement of unit requirement]]
| Included as an annex based on a recommendation by the [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
|-
| H
| H
| Definitions
| 
|-
| I
| 
| Guidelines for troop-contributing countries
| 
|-
| 
| I
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/13 Bulletin on observance by United Nations forces of international humanitarian law]
| 
|-
| 
| J
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 Regulations governing the status, basic rights and duties of officials other than Secretariat officials and experts on mission]
| 
|-
| 
| K
| Guidelines for formed police units on assignment with peace operations
| 
|-
| 
| L
| Directives for disciplinary matters involving civilian police officers and military observers
| Establishes procedures to be followed for breaches of conduct by civilian police officers and military observers
|-
| J
| M
| We are United Nations peacekeeping personnel
| Code of conduct for peacekeepers distributed to each soldier and police officer
|-
| K
| N
| Environmental policy for United Nations field missions
| 
|}

== Historical overview ==
The MOU began as the "Contribution Agreement" setting out the respective responsibilities of the United Nations and a troop-contributing countries. In the 2000s, the MOU underwent significant development following revelations of significant number of allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] against peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Fourth Committee (through the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]), the Fifth Committee (through the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Working Group]]) and the Sixth Committee have all played roles in the development of the MOU as it currently exists today. 

{| class="wikitable"
! Resolution
! Date
! C-34 report
! SG report
! ACABQ report
! Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E]
| 17 June 1997
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/995 A/50/995]
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/646 A/51/646]
| SG report contains proposed text of Contribution Agreement
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/967 A/51/967], [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.1 Corr.1] and [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.2 Corr.2]
| [http://undocs.org/a/52/410 A/52/410]
| SG report contains revised model Contribution Agreement, now called the model MOU
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/57/314 57/314]
| 18 June 2003
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/56/939 A/56/939]
| [http://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772]
| SG report requests GA approval of model MOU; includes MOU process map
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/300 59/300]
| 22 June 2005
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/19/rev.1 A/59/19/Rev.1]
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 39 of part 2
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/263 60/263]
| 6 June 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19 A/60/19]
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 74
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/289 60/289]
| 8 September 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19/add.1 A/60/19/Add.1]
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraphs 5 and 8
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/29 61/29]
| 4 December 2006
| 
| 
| 
| Resolution on criminal accountability; took note of recommendation of Group of Legal Experts ([http://undocs.org/a/60/980 A/60/980], para 65) to establish separate MOUs for military and police
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/267B 61/267B]
| 24 July 2007
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/19/Rev.1 A/61/19/Rev.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/494 A/61/494]
| 
| Resolution approved amendments to model MOU. A/61/494 is an SG report to C-34
|}

All amendments to the model MOU since 2007 have been done as part of the triennial review of COE standards, policies and rates of reimbursement by the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Working Group]] and Fifth Committee, with the resulting revised text of the model MOU reflected in Chapter 9 of the COE Manual.

== See also ==
* [[Force generation]]
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5954" xml:space="preserve">A '''memorandum of understanding''' (MOU) is an agreement between two parties. In the context of peacekeeping operations, the term generally refers to the agreement between a troop- or police-contributing country and the United Nations with regard to the personnel, major equipment and self-sustainment capability to be deployed as part of a single military or police contingent to a specific peacekeeping mission. 

== Model memorandum of understanding ==

MOUs are based on the model MOU agreed by the General Assembly; there are separate MOUs for military contingents and police contingents because of the different [[categories of personnel|legal status]] of troops and members of [[formed police units]]. The text of the model MOU is contained in the [[contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]].

== Key elements of the MOU ==
The MOU sets forth the responsibilities of the United Nations and the contributing country. In addition to addressing contributions of personnel and equipment and the associated [[reimbursement]] and support, the MOU also spells out responsibilities related to conduct, discipline, investigations and accountability. These latter elements are relevant in cases of misconduct, such as allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]].

Specific issues relevant to deployment, such as reimbursement rates and standards, as well as copies of relevant policy documents are appended to the MOU in annexes. The annexes currently appended to MOUs (since 1 July 2017) are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! Military annex 
! FPU annex
! Description
! Notes
|-
| A
| A
| Personnel
| Includes appendix on individual kit of soldiers and FPU members, respectively
|-
| B
| B
| Major equipment
| 
|-
| C
| C
| Self-sustainment
| 
|-
| D
| D
| Principles of verification and performance standards for major equipment
| 
|-
| E
| E
| Principles of verification and performance standards for self-sustainment
| 
|-
| F
| F
| Principles of verification and performance standards for medical support
| 
|-
| G
| G
| [[Statement of unit requirement]]
| Included as an annex based on a recommendation by the [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
|-
| H
| H
| Definitions
| 
|-
| I
| 
| Guidelines for troop-contributing countries
| 
|-
| 
| I
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/13 Bulletin on observance by United Nations forces of international humanitarian law]
| 
|-
| 
| J
| [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/9 Regulations governing the status, basic rights and duties of officials other than Secretariat officials and experts on mission]
| 
|-
| 
| K
| Guidelines for formed police units on assignment with peace operations
| 
|-
| 
| L
| Directives for disciplinary matters involving civilian police officers and military observers
| Establishes procedures to be followed for breaches of conduct by civilian police officers and military observers
|-
| J
| M
| We are United Nations peacekeeping personnel
| Code of conduct for peacekeepers distributed to each soldier and police officer
|-
| K
| N
| Environmental policy for United Nations field missions
| 
|}

== Historical overview ==
The MOU began as the "Contribution Agreement" setting out the respective responsibilities of the United Nations and a troop-contributing countries. In the 2000s, the MOU underwent significant development following revelations of significant number of allegations of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] against peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Fourth Committee (through the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]), the Fifth Committee (through the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Working Group]]) and the Sixth Committee have all played roles in the development of the MOU as it currently exists today. 

{| class="wikitable"
! Resolution
! Date
! C-34 report
! SG report
! ACABQ report
! Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E]
| 17 June 1997
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/50/995 A/50/995]
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/646 A/51/646]
| SG report contains proposed text of Contribution Agreement
|-
| 
| 
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/51/967 A/51/967], [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.1 Corr.1] and [http://undocs.org/a/51/967/corr.2 Corr.2]
| [http://undocs.org/a/52/410 A/52/410]
| SG report contains revised model Contribution Agreement, now called the model MOU
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/57/314 57/314]
| 18 June 2003
| 
| [http://undocs.org/a/56/939 A/56/939]
| [http://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772]
| SG report requests GA approval of model MOU; includes MOU process map
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/300 59/300]
| 22 June 2005
| [http://undocs.org/a/59/19/rev.1 A/59/19/Rev.1]
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 39 of part 2
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/263 60/263]
| 6 June 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19 A/60/19]
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraph 74
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/60/289 60/289]
| 8 September 2006
| [http://undocs.org/a/60/19/add.1 A/60/19/Add.1]
| 
| 
| C-34: paragraphs 5 and 8
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/29 61/29]
| 4 December 2006
| 
| 
| 
| Resolution on criminal accountability; took note of recommendation of Group of Legal Experts ([http://undocs.org/a/60/980 A/60/980], para 65) to establish separate MOUs for military and police
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/61/267B 61/267B]
| 24 July 2007
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/19/Rev.1 A/61/19/Rev.1]
| [http://undocs.org/a/61/494 A/61/494]
| 
| Resolution approved amendments to model MOU. A/61/494 is an SG report to C-34
|}

All amendments to the model MOU since 2007 have been done as part of the triennial review of COE standards, policies and rates of reimbursement by the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Working Group]] and Fifth Committee, with the resulting revised text of the model MOU reflected in Chapter 9 of the COE Manual.

== See also ==
* [[Force generation]]
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]

[[Category:Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>United Nations Emergency Force</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>148</id>
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    <text bytes="1725" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF)''', which was operational from November 1956 to June 1967, was the first armed United Nations peacekeeping mission. The plans and lessons-learned from UNEF on subjects such as [[consent]], [[force generation]] and [[reimbursement]] have influenced all subsequent peacekeeping operations. 

A second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II) was operational between October 1973 to July 1979.

== Mandate ==
UNEF was established by the General Assembly, acting under the [[Uniting for Peace]] resolution, in its resolutions 1000 (ES-I) and 1001 (ES-I), to secure and supervise the cessation of hostilities in the Suez.  

== Blue helmets ==
UNEF was the first mission in which blue helmets were used to be able to identify peacekeepers from other military forces in the area.&lt;ref&gt;Uruqhart, Brian. ''Ralph Bunche: An American Life.'' New York, W.W. Norton, p. 269. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Key documents ==
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/377(V) resolution 377 (V)] Uniting for Peace
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/997(ES-I) resolutions 997 (ES-I) and 998 (ES-I)]
* [https://undocs.org/A/3289 A/3289] First report on the plan for an emergency force
* [https://undocs.org/A/3302 A/3302] Second and final report on the plan for an emergency force
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1000(ES-I) resolutions 1000 (ES-I) and 1001 (ES-I)]
* [https://undocs.org/A/3375 A/3375] Report of the Secretary-General; includes as annex the aide-mémoire on the basis for presence and functioning of UNEF in Egypt 
* [https://undocs.org/A/3945 A/3945] Summary study of the experience derived from the establishment and operation of UNEF

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Category:Missions</title>
  <ns>14</ns>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="115" xml:space="preserve">Articles in this category relate to either missions (or [[peace operations]]) in general or to individual missions.</text>
    <sha1>00ccf2c8b159de9df5022f9d24f5dc936db3b2b5</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Development system reform</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>/* Reports */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4303" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of [[United Nations country team|UN country teams]]''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A [[Development Coordination Office|'''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator system''']] with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Report(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution(s)
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017
| First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7]
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018
| Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ)
| General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV)
| Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|}

== Reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || QCPR report; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/79 A/75/79—E/2020/55] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || QCPR report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/905 A/75/905] ||  || Review of the functioning of the resident coordinator system (requested in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279])
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]
* [[Mutual recognition]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Management reform</title>
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    <comment>/* 75th session */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8717" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018.

=== 74th session ===
The Fifth Committee began Q&amp;A on the report on the proposed funding model for DMSPC and DOS, [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761], during the second part of the resumed session. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of management reform, [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] was introduced in the Fifth Committee on 28 October 2020. The Fifth Committee also resumed its consideration of the report on the proposed funding model and began consideration of report [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] on budgetary procedures and practices (referred to as the "sequencing report"). The Assembly took no action on the reports on implementation and the funding model&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/683 A/75/683]&lt;/ref&gt;, and therefore there currently are no active requests for further progress reports on the implementation of management reform. 

In its decision 75/553 of 31 December 2020, the Assembly deferred consideration of the sequencing report to the main part of the 76th session.

The [[Board of Auditors]] included a dedicated section in its report [https://undocs.org/A/75/5(vol.I) A/75/5 (Vol.I)] (section II.E) on the implementation of management reform, which the General Assembly took note of in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/242 resolution 75/242].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Peace and security reform</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="5501" xml:space="preserve">The '''restructuring of the peace and security pillar''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

In January 2017, the Secretary-General took a number of measures to enhance the performance of the peace and security pillar. These included a directive to co-locate the regional divisions of the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] and the establishment of an internal review team to advise on options for further improvements. 

In October 2017, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([http://undocs.org/a/72/525 A/72/525]) for the restructuring of the peace and security architecture of the Secretariat on the basis of recommendations from the internal review team.
 
The four main goals of the restructuring are to:
# prioritize prevention and sustaining peace;
# enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions, ensuring the primacy of politics and flexibility of approach;
# make the peace and security pillar more coherent, nimble and effective through a “whole-of-pillar” approach to address fragmentation; and
# align the peace and security pillar more closely with the development and human rights pillars.
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 '''A/72/525''']
| N/A
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/199 72/199]
| SG report on vision for restructuring the peace and security pillar
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 '''A/72/772''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959]
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262C '''72/262C''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs|DPPA]] and [[Department of Peace Operations|DPO]]
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/199 '''72/199'''] of 20 December 2017, requested the Secretary-General "to submit to the General Assembly, as soon as possible, a comprehensive report on his peace and security reform proposal". The requested report ([http://undocs.org/a/72/772 A/72/772]) was submitted in March 2018 and was considered by the General Assembly along with the related report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/859 A/72/859]).
 
The General Assembly, in section III of its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C '''72/262C'''] of 5 July 2018, endorsed the establishment of the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and the [[Department of Peace Operations]]. These new departments will replace the existing Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and [[Peacebuilding#Peacebuilding Support Office|Peacebuilding Support Office]] on 1 January 2019.

=== 73rd session ===
Submission of the report on the Police Division requested in resolution 72/262C, which was requested for the 73rd session, was delayed to the 74th session&lt;ref&gt;As noted in the written response of the Secretariat, dated 11 October 2018, to a request for clarification by the Bureau of the Fifth Committee, "The assessment of the Police Division in the new structure is on-going. However, it cannot be completed before the new structure comes into effect on 1 January 2019, as the functions, structure, capacity and level of the Police Division are intrinsically linked to the overall reform of the UN peace and security pillar. We are therefore unable to report on this issue at this stage. We will revert in due course as the implementation of the peace and security reform progresses."&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 74th session ===
The report on the assessment of the Police Division was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223]. No action was taken on this report by the General Assembly. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of the peace and security reform was issued as [https://undocs.org/A/75/202 A/75/202] and introduced in the Fifth Committee on 18 November 2020. However, the General Assembly took no action on this report. As such, there are currently no pending requests for further progress reports on the implementation of peace and security reform.

The [[Board of Auditors]] included a dedicated section in its report [https://undocs.org/A/75/5(vol.I) A/75/5 (Vol.I)] (section II.G) on the implementation of peace and security reform in DPPA and DPO, which the General Assembly took note of in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/242 resolution 75/242].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525] ''Restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar'' 
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/772 A/72/772] ''Revised estimates related to the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/859 A/72/959])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/223 A/74/223] ''Assessment of the Police Division'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/702 A/74/702])
* [https://undocs.org/a/75/202 A/75/202] ''Review of the implementation of the peace and security reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/596 A/75/596])

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Management reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>5cfe3bdf4a065ee550d12a0d3ae206c9ca353d1e</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>United Nations Office to the African Union</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>193</id>
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    <comment>/* Key documents */ Added S/2021/763</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2221" xml:space="preserve">The  '''United Nations Office to the African Union''' (UNOAU), located in Addis Ababa, was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/288 resolution 64/288] to strengthen coordination and cooperation with the African Union. 

UNOAU was formed from the merger of what were previously four standalone entities in Addis Ababa&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union&lt;/ref&gt;, namely:
* United Nations Liaison Office
* African Union Peace and Support Team 
* United Nations Planning Team for the African Union Mission in Somalia
* The administrative functions of the Joint Support and Coordination Mechanism of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

UNOAU is headed by Special Representative of the Secretary-General, at the level of Under-Secretary-General. The current structure of the Office was approved by the General Assembly in its resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/270 71/270] following a review of the Office and its functioning completed in 2016&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Key documents ==
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[United Nations Office to the African Union]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/763 S/2021/763]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/860 S/2020/860]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

Other relevant reports:
* [https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] ''Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union'' (Proposed establishment of UNOAU)
* [https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] ''Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General''

== See also ==
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Article 19</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="10167" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| || || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Venezuela (as at 31 December 2020)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;; &lt;br /&gt;Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */  Fixed formatting issue with a reference</comment>
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    <text bytes="10168" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| || || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Venezuela (as at 31 December 2020)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;; &lt;br /&gt;Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Independent reviews</title>
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    <text bytes="6647" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process. 

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link])
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* [https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Forti, Daniel. ''Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations''. IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021]

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Related thematic independent reviews */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6635" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process. 

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link])
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* [https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Forti, Daniel. ''Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations''. IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021]

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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  <revision>
    <id>843</id>
    <parentid>822</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-11-04T14:36:46Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Related thematic reviews */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="6777" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process. 

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link])
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* [https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Forti, Daniel. ''Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations''. IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021]

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
    <sha1>ec85da11fc61285a3c11c919e5b79a1fb261df73</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>851</id>
    <parentid>843</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-11-04T15:39:21Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>/* See also */</comment>
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    <text bytes="7003" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process. 

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link])
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
    <sha1>97ccf88cf75d97befbf5e7d4108113052baf591f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>852</id>
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    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>Added red team section and introduction on thematic reviews</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="8141" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link])
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>853</id>
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    <text bytes="8143" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link])
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <comment>/* Comprehensive review of special political missions */ Added A/76/198</comment>
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    <text bytes="14879" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 76 ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] || 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 76 || || || || [https://undocs.org/A/76/198 A/76/198]
|-
| 75 || No dedicated meeting due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="14934" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 76 ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] || 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6/(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 76 || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/83 76/83] || 9 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/198 A/76/198]
|-
| 75 || No dedicated meeting due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>184d0b9c11044411e0dbc0315ba7c5536a40507e</sha1>
  </revision>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Peacekeeping scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="7598" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Rates !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| || [https://undocs.org/A/76/296/Rev.1 A/76/296/Rev.1] || 2022-2024 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/272 73/272] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/350/add.1 A/73/350/Add.1] || 2019-2021 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia afforded exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/PV.65 A/73/PV.65] General Assembly, 73rd session, 65th plenary meeting, Friday 21 December 2018, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1] || 2016-2018 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman afforded exceptional 7.5% discount; Saudi Arabia receives 7.5% discount for 2018 only&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/PV.82 A/70/PV.82] General Assembly, 70th session, 82nd plenary meeting, Wednesday 23 December 2015, 4 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1] || 2013-2015 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman receive exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/PV.62 A/67/PV.62] General Assembly, 67th session, 62nd plenary meeting, Friday 21 December 2012, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1] || 2010-2012 || Level B countries Bahamas and Bahrain exceptionally treated as level C&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/PV.68 A/64/PV.68] General Assembly, 64th session, 68th plenary meeting, Wednesday 23 December 2009, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256] of 23 December 2003|| [https://undocs.org/a/58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/236] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1] || 2001-2003 || New system of discounts established
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>2420ef68fbbc6dcb44a14a1bb5955f063ed4c869</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>85</id>
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    <text bytes="7942" xml:space="preserve">The '''Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions''' ('''ACABQ''') is an expert body of 21 members appointed by the General Assembly to assist the General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], with its consideration of proposals with administrative or budgetary implications. 

== Mandate ==

The ACABQ was proposed by the [[Preparatory Commission]] and established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/a/res/14(i) 14 (I)] of 13 February 1946 to perform the following functions:

* to examine and report on the budget submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly;
* to advise the General Assembly concerning any administrative and budgetary matters referred to it;
* to examine on behalf of the General Assembly the administrative budgets of specialized agencies and proposals for financial arrangements with such agencies;
* to consider and report to the General Assembly on the auditors' reports on the accounts of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies.

The appointment, composition and functions of the ACABQ are set out in what are currently rules 155 through rule 157 of the [https://undocs.org/a/520/rev.18 rules of procedure of the General Assembly].

== Membership ==
Members of the Advisory Committee serve in their personal capacity, though many are simultaneously members of their national civil or diplomatic services. As such, they are referred to by their names and not by their country of nationality. 

The ACABQ originally had nine members&lt;ref&gt;The Preparatory Commission originally proposed establishment of an ACABQ with seven members&lt;/ref&gt;, though this was subsequently expanded to twelve in [https://undocs.org/a/res/1659(XVI) resolution 1659(XVI)], thirteen (of which three were to be "financial experts of recognized standing") in [https://undocs.org/a/res/2798(XXVI) resolution 2798 (XXVI)],  sixteen in [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/103 resolution 32/103] and 21 in [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267].

The process by which ACABQ members is selected is covered in rule 156 of the rules of procedure as amended in resolution 32/103:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, no two of whom shall be nationals of the same State, shall be selected on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience and shall serve for a period of three years corresponding to three calendar years. Members shall retire by rotation and shall be eligible for reappointment. The three financial experts shall not retire simultaneously. The General Assembly shall appoint the members of the Advisory Committee at the regular session immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the members or, in case of vacancies, at the next session.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In current practice, the seats are distributed amongst the [[regional groups]] as follows: 
* African Group: 3
* Asia and Pacific Group: 4
* Eastern Europe Group: 2
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 3
* Western Europe and Others: 4

Under [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/267 resolution 74/267], which entered into effect on 1 January 2021, the representation will be as follows:
* African Group: 5 (+2)
* Asia and Pacific Group: 5 (+1)
* Eastern Europe Group: 3 (+1)
* Latin America and the Caribbean: 4 (+1)
* Western Europe and Others: 4

=== Chair ===
The Chair and Vice Chair of the ACABQ are chosen each term by the members of the ACABQ. 

The Chair serves on a full-time basis and has the status of [[categories of personnel|official other than Secretariat official]]. Information on conditions of service of the Chair can be found in a separate article on [[Conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials| conditions of service for officials, other than Secretariat officials, serving the General Assembly]].

=== Members ===

Members of the ACABQ have the status of [[categories of personnel|expert on mission]]. Many are attached to their permanent missions to New York; those who are not are paid daily subsistence allowance when the Committee is in session. 

Information on the operational arrangements and conditions of service, as well as proposals by the Committee to change those conditions, are contained in the following letters:

* [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/13 A/C.5/68/13] Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions 
* [https://undocs.org/A/70/544 A/70/544] Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions 

=== Secretariat ===
The ACABQ is supported by a professional secretariat led by a Secretary at the D-2 level.

== Process ==
The ACABQ convenes in three sessions each year: a fall session, a winter session and a spring session.  

Most reports of the Secretary-General containing administrative and budgetary proposals are considered by the ACABQ prior to consideration by the [[Fifth Committee]]. The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are contained in reports that are reviewed by the Fifth Committee at the same time as it considers the proposals of the Secretary-General. 

=== ACABQ meetings ===

The ACABQ holds a number of different types of meetings: hearings, executive and drafting. It also occasionally has administrative meetings to discuss internal working methods and house-keeping issues.&lt;ref&gt;[https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224 https://twitter.com/foeniculum/status/1230987786683060224]&lt;/ref&gt;

ACABQ consideration of a report of the Secretary-General begins with one or more hearings, which begin with the introduction of the report by the Secretary-General or one of his representatives, which is followed by questions and answers, which can be provided verbally or in writing. Once the questions have been exhausted, the ACABQ meets in an "executive meeting" to deliberate in advance of the drafting of the report containing its conclusions and recommendations to the General Assembly. Decision-making by the ACABQ is based on a subjective standard of the "preponderance of views" as determined by the Chair, as opposed to either consensus or majority vote.

=== ACABQ recommendations ===

The conclusions and recommendations of the ACABQ are reflected in bold text in ACABQ reports. The general practice of the Fifth Committee is to use these conclusions and recommendations as the starting point of its deliberations. As such, most resolutions originating in the Fifth Committee contain an operative paragraph by which the General Assembly "endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution". When such a paragraph exists in a resolution, all conclusions and recommendations in the ACABQ report are understood to be endorsed except when (1) the General Assembly [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|takes note]] of a paragraph containing bold text, in which case those specific conclusions and recommendations are understood to not be endorsed, or (2) if the resolution contains language qualifying or contradicting any conclusions or recommendations in the ACABQ report. 

== See also ==
* [[Fifth Committee]]
* [[Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on reports#Reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions|Practices of the Fifth Committee when taking action on ACABQ reports]]
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/274 resolution 69/274] (V): Operational arrangements and conditions of service of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
* [https://www.un.org/ga/acabq/ Website of the ACABQ]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>International Civil Service Commission</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="5405" xml:space="preserve">The '''International Civil Service Commission''' ('''ICSC''') is an expert body established by the General Assembly for the
regulation and coordination of the conditions of service of the United Nations '''common system''' of salaries, allowances and benefits. 

== Statute ==
The ICSC was established in 1974, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/3042(XXVII) 3042(XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, to replace the previous International Civil Service Advisory Board. The General Assembly approved the ICSC statute in resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3357(XXIX) 3357(XXIX)] of 18 December 1974. 

The functions and powers of the ICSC are enumerated in Chapter III of the statute, of which articles 10 and 11 are of particular note:

: '''Article 10'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
The Commission shall make recommendations to the General Assembly on:
: (a) The broad principles for the determination of the conditions of service of the staff;
: (b) The scales of salaries and [[post adjustment|post adjustments]] for staff in the [[categories of personnel|Professional and higher categories]];
: (c) Allowances and benefits of staff which are determined by the General Assembly;
: (d) [[Staff assessment]].&lt;/blockquote&gt;
: '''Article 11'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;
The Commission shall establish:
: (a) The methods by which the principles for determining conditions of service should be applied;
: (b) Rates of allowances and benefits, other than pensions and those referred to in article 10 (c), the conditions of entitlement thereto and standards of travel;
: (c) The classification of duty stations for the purpose of applying post adjustments. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

For specialized agencies and other organizations to which General Assembly decisions do not apply, the statute specifies provisions as follows:

: '''Article 24'''
&lt;blockquote&gt;1. Recommendations of the Commission under article 10 shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the executive heads of the other organizations. 

2. The decisions taken thereon by the General Assembly shall be communicated by the Secretary-General to the executive heads of the other organizations for action under their constitutional procedures.

3. The executive head of each organization shall inform the Commission of all relevant decisions taken by the governing organ of his organization.

4. The recommendations under paragraph 1 above shall be communicated to staff representatives. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Composition ==
The ICSC currently consists of 15 members, including full-time Chair and Vice-Chair with the status of [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]], which is supported by a secretariat headed by an executive director. The full commission meets twice a year.

Information on conditions of service for the Chair and Vice-Chair of the ICSC can be found in the article on [[conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials]]

== Participation in the common system ==
In addition to the United Nations and its separately-administered funds and programmes, the following specialized and related agencies and other organizations within the [[United Nations system]] which formally participate in the common system are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/1/Rev.2 ICSC Statute and Rules of Procedure&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Organization !! Short form !! Date !! [[administration of justice|Administrative tribunal]]
|-
| International Labour Organization || ILO || 14 December 1946 || ILOAT
|-
| Food and Agriculture Organization || FAO || 14 December 1946 || ILOAT
|-
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization || UNESCO || 14 December 1946 || ILOAT
|-
| International Civil Aviation Organization || ICAO || 13 May 1947 || UNAT
|-
| World Health Organization || WHO || 10 July 1948 || ILOAT
|-
| International Maritime Organization || IMO || 13 January 1949 || UNAT
|-
| United Postal Union || UPU || 1 July 1948 || ILOAT
|-
| International Telecommunications Union || ITU || 1 January 1949 || ILOAT
|-
| World Meteorological Organization || WMO || 20 December 1951 || ILOAT
|-
| International Fund for Agricultural Development || IFAD || 15 December 1977 || 
|-
| United Nations Industrial Development Organization || UNIDO || 17 December 1985 || ILOAT
|-
| International Atomic Energy Agency || IAEA || 14 November 1947 || ILOAT
|-
| World Tourism Organization || UNWTO || 23 December 2013 ||
|-
| International Seabed Authority || ISA || 14 March 1997 ||
|-
| International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea || ITLOS || 18 December 1997 ||
|-
| Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization || CTBTO || 26 May 2000 ||
|-
|}

In addition, a number of organizations utilize the common system but have not formally accepted the ICSC statute, including the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/1/Rev.2 ICSC Statute and Rules of Procedure&lt;/ref&gt;.

The Bretton Woods organizations (International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group) are members of the United Nations system but do not use the common system and follow a separate system of salaries, allowances and benefits.&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/1/Rev.2 ICSC Statute and Rules of Procedure&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [https://icsc.un.org icsc.un.org] Website of the International Civil Service Commission

== References ==

[[Category:Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]]&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)]&lt;/ref&gt; a..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="4491" xml:space="preserve">The Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]]&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)]&lt;/ref&gt; and the Chair and Vice-Chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] are full-time officials in the category of [[categories of personnel|official other than Secretariat official]] with the rank of Under-Secretary-General, and they enjoy the associated privileges and immunities. 

== History ==

Following the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/34/221 resolution 34/221] in 1980, conditions of service for the full-time members of the ACABQ and ICSC were reviewed every five years. The last such review was conducted in 2005, after which the General Assembly decided, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/266 resolution 58/266], to review the compensation when it fell below the level of Assistant Secretaries-General. 

The General Assembly next considered the question of compensation at its sixty-fifth session. In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], it decided to introduce a cost of living adjustment equivalent to the change in the average of the net base salaries for Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General. All other conditions of services would be considered every four years. 

=== Recent legislative history ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! GA resolution !! Date !! SG report !! Notes
|-
|   || || [https://undocs.org/a/76/340 A/76/340] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262 72/262], section II || 24 December 2017  || [https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] || Took note of SG report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/247 68/247], section I || 27 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/187 A/68/187] || Took note of SG report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 65/268], section III || 4 April 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/676 A/65/676] || Established cost of living adjustment and current review cycle
|}

== Conditions of service ==

As outlined in the most recent report of the Secretary-General, [https://undocs.org/a/76/340 A/76/340], the full-time members of the ACABQ and ICSC are entitled to:  

* Annual (net) salary of $235,772 (as at September 2021); 
* For the Chairs  of  the  Commission  and  the Advisory  Committee  only: special annual allowance of $10,000; 
* Retirement  benefits:  Participation in the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund under supplementary article B of the Regulations of the Fund&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/37/131 resolution 37/131]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Pensionable remuneration of $303,369 (as at September 2021); 
* Coverage for illness, injury or death attributable to service with the United Nations &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/34/233 resolution 34/233]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Subsistence allowance when conducting official business travel away from Headquarters; 
* The same travel entitlements as those that apply to other members of the Committee and the Commission&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/107/Rev.6 ST/SGB/107/Rev.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, upon appointment and upon end of appointment; 
* The relocation package provided to staff in the Professional and higher categories approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/244 resolution 70/244], section III, entitling them to the relocation shipment or to the unaccompanied shipment of personal effects and household goods applicable to senior officials of the United Nations, including the option of the relocation grant in lieu of the entitlement to the unaccompanied shipment or the relocation shipment&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 resolution 72/262 A]&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Education grant &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/256 resolution  40/256]&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Settling-in  grant;
* Home leave, in accordance with rule 5.2 of the Staff Rules;
* Compensation  to  survivors  in  the  event  of  death  during  service (comprising a lump sum equivalent to one month of the annual compensation of the official per year of service, subject to a minimum of three months and a maximum of nine months); and
* Option to join the Headquarters medical insurance scheme upon payment of the full cost of the premium. 

The  full-time  members  of  the  Commission  and  the  Chair  of  the Advisory Committee are not entitled to the following: 
* Dependency allowance; 
* Rental subsidy; 
* Representation allowance; 
* Commutation of accrued annual leave upon separation; and
* Repatriation grant

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="4516" xml:space="preserve">The Chair of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]]&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/3188(XXVIII) resolution 3188 (XXVIII)]&lt;/ref&gt; and the Chair and Vice-Chair of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] are full-time officials in the category of [[categories of personnel|official other than Secretariat official]] with the rank of Under-Secretary-General, and they enjoy the associated privileges and immunities. 

== History ==

Following the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/34/221 resolution 34/221] in 1980, conditions of service for the full-time members of the ACABQ and ICSC were reviewed every five years. The last such review was conducted in 2005, after which the General Assembly decided, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/266 resolution 58/266], to review the compensation when it fell below the level of Assistant Secretaries-General. 

The General Assembly next considered the question of compensation at its sixty-fifth session. In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 resolution 65/268], it decided to introduce a cost of living adjustment equivalent to the change in the average of the net base salaries for Under-Secretaries-General and Assistant Secretaries-General. All other conditions of services would be considered every four years. 

=== Recent legislative history ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! GA resolution !! Date !! SG report !! Notes
|-
|   || || [https://undocs.org/a/76/340 A/76/340] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/262 72/262], section II || 24 December 2017  || [https://undocs.org/A/72/366 A/72/366] || Took note of SG report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/247 68/247], section I || 27 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/187 A/68/187] || Took note of SG report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/268 65/268], section III || 4 April 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/676 A/65/676] || Established cost of living adjustment and current review cycle
|}

== Conditions of service ==

As outlined in the most recent report of the Secretary-General, [https://undocs.org/a/76/340 A/76/340], the full-time members of the ACABQ and ICSC are entitled to:  

* Annual (net) salary of $235,772 (as at September 2021); 
* For the Chairs  of  the  Commission  and  the Advisory  Committee  only: special annual allowance of $10,000; 
* Retirement  benefits:  Participation in the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund under supplementary article B of the Regulations of the Fund&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/37/131 resolution 37/131]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Pensionable remuneration of $303,369 (as at September 2021); 
* Coverage for illness, injury or death attributable to service with the United Nations &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/34/233 resolution 34/233]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Subsistence allowance when conducting official business travel away from Headquarters; 
* The same travel entitlements as those that apply to other members of the Committee and the Commission&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/107/Rev.6 ST/SGB/107/Rev.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, upon appointment and upon end of appointment; 
* The relocation package provided to staff in the Professional and higher categories approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/244 resolution 70/244], section III, entitling them to the relocation shipment or to the unaccompanied shipment of personal effects and household goods applicable to senior officials of the United Nations, including the option of the relocation grant in lieu of the entitlement to the unaccompanied shipment or the relocation shipment&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 resolution 72/262 A]&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Education grant &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/256 resolution  40/256]&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Settling-in  grant;
* Home leave, in accordance with rule 5.2 of the Staff Rules;
* Compensation  to  survivors  in  the  event  of  death  during  service (comprising a lump sum equivalent to one month of the annual compensation of the official per year of service, subject to a minimum of three months and a maximum of nine months); and
* Option to join the Headquarters medical insurance scheme upon payment of the full cost of the premium. 

The  full-time  members  of  the  Commission  and  the  Chair  of  the Advisory Committee are not entitled to the following: 
* Dependency allowance; 
* Rental subsidy; 
* Representation allowance; 
* Commutation of accrued annual leave upon separation; and
* Repatriation grant

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Peacebuilding</title>
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    <text bytes="10986" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly decided to establish both as part of the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years. 

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] ||  ||  || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Regular reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>5b3ffb3f1f73bb9bee9d4dad3df0b8b7b1e15c50</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="11489" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] ||  ||  || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Regular reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>ea23239dbde5157b44381f8750f59189a4fe98b3</sha1>
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    <text bytes="11715" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] ||  ||  || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Regular reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>ba66149be2aedbd5918ece4077534d4c76daf0fb</sha1>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11798" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Regular reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11804" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Regular reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system</title>
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    <text bytes="2630" xml:space="preserve">Every two years, the secretariat of the [[Chief Executives Board]] issues a report on the '''budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system''', providing disaggregated information on financial sources and expenditures for most of the organizations of the [[United Nations system]], with the notable exception of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group.

== Reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Expenditure data !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/373 A/75/373] || 2018-2019 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/460 A/73/460] || 2016-2017 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/583 A/71/583] || 2014-2015 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/69/305 A/69/305] || 2012-2013 || Included info on implications of staff costs, pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/67/49(VOL.III) decision 67/553B]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/215 A/67/215] || 2010-2011 || First report presented in line with IPSAS; first inclusion of table on expenses by programme category
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/65/187 A/65/187] || 2008-2009 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/185 A/63/185] || 2006-2007 ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/61/203 A/61/203] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/203/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 2004-2005 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/315 A/59/315] || 2002-2003 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/57/265 A/57/265] || 2000-2001 || First report issued by CEB secretariat
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/55/525 A/55/525] || 1998-1999 ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/53/647 A/53/647] || 1996-1997 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/51/505 A/51/505] || 1994-1995 ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/a/49/588 A/49/588] || 1992-1993 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/47/746 A/47/746] || 1990-1991 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/47/593 A/47/593] and [https://undocs.org/A/47/593/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 1989 || First report issued by the ACC
|}

== Background ==
The predecessor of the current biennial statistical report was an annual report produced by the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] until 1991, when responsibility shifted to the Administrative Committee on Coordination, the predecessor to the CEB, which issued such reports on a biennial basis.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/187 A/65/187]&lt;/ref&gt;

The current basis for the annual report is General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/311 resolution 63/311] on system-wide coherence, in which the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to create a central repository of information on operational activities for development, including statistics on all funding sources and expenditures. 

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20210902012429|805">
  <title>United Nations system</title>
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    <text bytes="8009" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations system''' consists of the United Nations and related organizations. 

== Related concepts ==

The term '''agencies, funds and programmes''' is often used as a shorthand for the operational agencies within the system other than the Secretariat. In addition to the funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, the colloquial use of this term also covers other entities such as UNHCR and related organizations such as IOM. 

The '''common system''' is often used as a shorthand for the organizations within the United Nations system that adhere to the [[common system]] of salaries, benefits and allowances.

== Definitions ==

=== United Nations ===
The United Nations consists of the six Main Organs defined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]] and their subsidiary organs, which can include committees, operational agencies or organs with characteristics of both&lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;. For the purposes of this article, only the operational agencies are listed. 

==== Main bodies ====
* '''The General Assembly'''
* '''The Security Council''' 
* '''The Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC)
* '''The Trusteeship Council'''
* '''The International Court of Justice''' (ICJ)
* '''The Secretariat'''
*: The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the Organization, as per Article 97 of the Charter, and is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The terms of appointment of the Secretary-General are outlined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/11(I) 11 (I)], and additional considerations are contained in the annexes to [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/241 resolution 51/241] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/286 60/286]. 

==== Funds and programmes ====
The funds and programmes are subsidiary organs of the United Nations, under Article 7.2 of the Charter, and do not have separate juridical personality from the United Nations even if they are separately administered. 
* '''United Nations Development Programme''' (UNDP)
*: UNDP was established with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2029(XX) resolution 2029 (XX)] through the merger of the United Nations Special Fund&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/1240%20(XIII) resolution 1240 (XIII)]&lt;/ref&gt; and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance. UNDP is led by an Administrator (formerly the Managing Director of the Special Fund), appointed by the Secretary-General and subject to confirmation by the General Assembly.  
*: UNDP, UNFPA and UNOPS are overseen by a joint Executive Board, which replaced the earlier UNDP Governing Council with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/162 resolution 48/162].
* '''United Nations Environment Programme''' (UNEP)
*: UNEP was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)]. As per this resolution, the Secretariat of UNEP is headed by an Executive Director elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the General Assembly. 
*: See also [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] Organization of the secretariat of the United Nations  Environment Programme
* '''United Nations Population Fund''' (UNFPA)
* '''United Nations Human Settlements Programme''' (UN-Habitat)
* '''United Nations Children's Fund''' (UNICEF)
*: UNICEF was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/57(i) resolution 57 (I)]. As per this resolution, UNICEF is administered by an Executive Director under policies established by the UNICEF Executive Board. The Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General in consultation with the Executive Board.
* '''World Food Programme''' (WFP)
*: WFP is a joint programme of the United Nations and FAO and is subject to the FAO regulations and rules. 

==== Other entities ====
A number of other entities are also considered subsidiary organs under Article 7.2 of the Charter.
* '''International Trade Centre''' (ITC)
*: The ITC is a joint subsidiary organ of the United Nations, via UNCTAD, and the World Trade Organization.
* '''Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS''' (UNAIDS)
*: UNAIDS is a joint programme established by ECOSOC in its resolution 1994/24. Its Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General on recommendation of its sponsoring organizations (ILO, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, WFP, WHO and the World Bank). UNAIDS uses WHO regulations and rules. 
* '''United Nations Conference on Trade and Development''' (UNCTAD)
* '''Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees''' (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt;
*: The Statute of UNHCR is contained in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/428(V) resolution 428 (V)]. It specifies that the High Commissioner shall be elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the Secretary-General. 
* '''United Nations Office for Project Services''' (UNOPS)
* '''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East''' (UNRWA) &lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women''' (UN-Women)

=== Specialized agencies ===
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC at the intergovernmental level and the Chief Executives Board (CEB) at the inter-Secretariat level, in line with articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. They are therefore not legally part of the United Nations, but are part of the broader United Nations system. 

* '''Food and Agriculture Organization''' (FAO)
* '''International Civil Aviation Organizatio'''n (ICAO)
* '''International Fund for Agricultural Development''' (IFAD)
* '''International Labour Organization''' (ILO)
* '''International Monetary Fund''' (IMF)&lt;ref&gt;The IMF is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Maritime Organization''' (IMO)
* '''International Telecommunication Union''' (ITU)
* '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (UNESCO)
* '''United Nations Industrial Development Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Tourism Organization''' (UNWTO)
* '''World Intellectual Property Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Meteorological Organization''' (WMO)
* '''World Bank Group'''&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank Group is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
** International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
** International Development Association (IDA)
** International Finance Corporation (IFC)

=== Related organizations ===
Related organizations are autonomous organizations with cooperation agreements with the United Nations. Although many are similar to the specialized agencies and may coordinate their work through the CEB, their cooperation agreements make no specific reference to articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 
* '''Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization''' (CTBTO Preparatory Commission)
* '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' (IAEA)
*: IAEA reports to the Security Council.
* ''' International Criminal Court''' (ICC)
* '''International Organization for Migration''' (IOM)
* '''International Seabed Authority''' (ISA)
* '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' (ITLOS)
* '''Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons''' (OPCW)
*: OPCW reports to the Security Council.
* '''World Trade Organization''' (WTO)

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Administration of justice]]
* [[United Nations country team]]
* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Transitions</title>
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    <text bytes="2898" xml:space="preserve">'''Transitions''' are situations involving significant changes to the configuration of the United Nations presence in a country in which at least one [[peace operations|peace operation]] is present, such as when a peace operation is replaced by a different peace operation or when a peace operation closes and hands over responsibilities to a [[United Nations country team]]. 

The term is also used to refer to "re-hatting" situations involving the replacement of a non-United Nations presence by a United Nations peace operation. 

== Official documents ==
=== Resolutions ===
* Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2594(2021) resolution 2594 (2021)]

=== Reports ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/75/787 A/75/787] OIOS evaluation of the relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of UNAMID in supporting transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding in Darfur in collaboration with United Nations country team 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Letter from the Secretary-General on AU-UN transitions in Mali and the Central African Republic

== Internal documents ==
'''Planning'''
* Secretary-General's Planning Directive for the development of consistent and coherent UN Transition processes (25 February 2019)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89550 Policy on UN Transitions in the Context of Mission Drawdown or Withdrawal] (04 February 2013)

'''Mission support'''
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400925 2018.08 Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure (Guidelines)]
** DOS 2018.09 End of Mission/Field Entity Report (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.10 Transition Process Map in a Closing Mission (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.11 Map for Planning and Conducting Mission Closure (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.23 Mission Closure: Task Force Organigram (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.24 Mission Closure: MSD Team Organigram (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.25 Hand-over and Checklist of Mission to DOS Finance and Budget Units (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.26 Development of Mission Support Division Closure Plan (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.27 Development of Mission Support Division Closure Progress Report (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.28 Environmental Clearance and Handover of Mission Sites (Guidelines)
** DOS 2019.07 Field Entity Closure: Paper and Digital Records and Archives (SOP)
* DPKO/DFS 2012.18 Liquidation Manual (superseded by 2018.08)

== Other documents ==
* UNU/CPR report: ''UN Transitions: Improving Security Council Practice in Mission Settings'' (30 September 2019&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;[https://cpr.unu.edu/research/projects/un-transitions-improving-security-council-practice-in-mission-settings.html link])
* [https://oios.un.org/file/7697/download?token=wi7_C22S OIOS IED-018-002] Evaluation of re-hatting in MINUSMA and MINUSCA

== See also ==
* [[Integrated mission|Integrated assessment and planning policy]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

[[Category: Missions]]</text>
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  <title>Executive Committee</title>
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    <text bytes="2313" xml:space="preserve">The '''Executive Committee''' was established in January 2017 as a mechanism to assist the Secretary-General in taking decisions of strategic consequence across all pillars of the work of the United Nations.&lt;ref&gt;Letter from the Secretary-General, dated 3 January 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

The Executive Committee replaced the '''Policy Committee''' established in 2005.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/16 New mechanisms to strengthen the executive management of the United Nations Secretariat]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Composition ==

The Committee is chaired by the Secretary-General, and the Assistant Secretary-General for Strategic Coordination serves as secretary of the Committee. As originally established, the Committee included the following standing members, with additional officials invited as appropriate:

* Deputy Secretary-General (EOSG)
* Chef de Cabinet (EOSG)
* Senior Adviser on Policy (EOSG)
* Under-Secretary-General for Management (replaced by [[DMSPC]] after [[management reform]])
* Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs (replaced by [[DPPA]] after [[peace and security reform]])
* Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping (replaced by [[DPO]] after [[peace and security reform]])
* Under-Secretary-General for Field Support (replaced by [[DOS]] after [[management reform]])
* Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs
* Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding (now part of [[DPPA]] after [[peace and security reform]])
* Emergency Relief Coordinator
* High Commissioner for Human Rights
* Executive Director of UN-Women
* Chair of the United Nations Development Group (role now held by Deputy Secretary-General after [[development system reform]])

== Deputies Committee ==

The Assistant Secretary-General for Strategic Coordination also chairs the '''Deputies Committee''', which consists of Assistant Secretaries-General of the same departments and offices represented in the Executive Committee. The Deputies Committee is responsible for resolving as many issues as possible at its level to leave the Executive Committee free to focus on issues requiring principal-level attention, and to follow-up and monitor progress on the implementation of decisions taken by the Executive Committee.

== See also ==

* [[Management Committee]]
* [[Senior Management Group]]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="2328" xml:space="preserve">The '''Executive Committee''' was established in January 2017 as a mechanism to assist the Secretary-General in taking decisions of strategic consequence across all pillars of the work of the United Nations.&lt;ref&gt;Letter from the Secretary-General, dated 3 January 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

The Executive Committee replaced the '''Policy Committee''' established in 2005.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/16 ST/SGB/2005/16] New mechanisms to strengthen the executive management of the United Nations Secretariat&lt;/ref&gt;

== Composition ==

The Committee is chaired by the Secretary-General, and the Assistant Secretary-General for Strategic Coordination serves as secretary of the Committee. As originally established, the Committee included the following standing members, with additional officials invited as appropriate:

* Deputy Secretary-General (EOSG)
* Chef de Cabinet (EOSG)
* Senior Adviser on Policy (EOSG)
* Under-Secretary-General for Management (replaced by [[DMSPC]] after [[management reform]])
* Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs (replaced by [[DPPA]] after [[peace and security reform]])
* Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping (replaced by [[DPO]] after [[peace and security reform]])
* Under-Secretary-General for Field Support (replaced by [[DOS]] after [[management reform]])
* Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs
* Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding (now part of [[DPPA]] after [[peace and security reform]])
* Emergency Relief Coordinator
* High Commissioner for Human Rights
* Executive Director of UN-Women
* Chair of the United Nations Development Group (role now held by Deputy Secretary-General after [[development system reform]])

== Deputies Committee ==

The Assistant Secretary-General for Strategic Coordination also chairs the '''Deputies Committee''', which consists of Assistant Secretaries-General of the same departments and offices represented in the Executive Committee. The Deputies Committee is responsible for resolving as many issues as possible at its level to leave the Executive Committee free to focus on issues requiring principal-level attention, and to follow-up and monitor progress on the implementation of decisions taken by the Executive Committee.

== See also ==

* [[Management Committee]]
* [[Senior Management Group]]

== References ==</text>
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  <title>Management Committee</title>
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    <text bytes="1613" xml:space="preserve">The '''Management Committee''' was established in 2005 to consider internal reform and management-related issues requiring strategic direction from the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/16 New mechanisms to strengthen the executive management of the United Nations Secretariat]&lt;/ref&gt;

Its mandate was expanded in 2006 to follow up on and ensure implementation of the recommendations of oversight bodies such as the [[Board of Auditors]], [[Joint Inspection Unit]], and [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/14 Amendment to Secretary-General’s bulletin ST/SGB/2005/16]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Composition ==

As originally established, the Management Committee was chaired by the Secretary-General and included the following officials: 

* Deputy Secretary-General
* Chef de Cabinet
* Under-Secretary-General for Management
* Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs
* Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations
* Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management

In current practice, the meetings of the Committee, which meets monthly, are chaired by the Chef de Cabinet and include the heads of all departments at Headquarters, as well as the Executive Secretaries of the [[offices away from Headquarters]].

A related body that addresses management policy and procedures but which is more representative of the broader Secretariat is the [[Management Client Board]], established in 2019 as part of the [[management reform]].

== See also ==

* [[Executive Committee]]
* [[Senior Management Group]]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="1714" xml:space="preserve">The '''Management Committee''' was established in 2005 to consider internal reform and management-related issues requiring strategic direction from the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/16 ST/SGB/2005/16] New mechanisms to strengthen the executive management of the United Nations Secretariat&lt;/ref&gt;

Its mandate was expanded in 2006 to follow up on and ensure implementation of the recommendations of oversight bodies such as the [[Board of Auditors]], [[Joint Inspection Unit]], and [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/14 ST/SGB/2006/14] Amendment to Secretary-General’s bulletin ST/SGB/2005/16&lt;/ref&gt;

== Composition ==

As originally established, the Management Committee was chaired by the Secretary-General and included the following officials: 

* Deputy Secretary-General
* Chef de Cabinet
* Under-Secretary-General for Management
* Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs
* Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations
* Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management

In current practice, the meetings of the Committee, which meets monthly, are chaired by the Chef de Cabinet and include the heads of the major departments at Headquarters, the Director of the Ethics Office, the United Nations Ombudsman, as well as the Executive Secretaries of the [[offices away from Headquarters]].

A related body that addresses management policy and procedures but which is more representative of the broader Secretariat is the [[Management Client Board]], established in 2019 as part of the [[management reform]].

== See also ==

* [[Executive Committee]]
* [[Senior Management Group]]

== References ==</text>
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  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="14309" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2020, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/AC.121/2020/INF/3 A/AC.121/2020/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966)

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. 

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2022 || || [https://undocs.org/A/76/505 A/76/505] ||
|-
| 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/19 A/75/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/563 A/75/563] ||
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || First report under new format structured around the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] priority areas
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Independent reviews</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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  <revision>
    <id>856</id>
    <parentid>853</parentid>
    <timestamp>2021-12-24T21:07:42Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* List of independent reviews */  Added S/2021/922</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="8281" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the parallel AU-commissioned independent assessment mission was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
    <sha1>272b034fdd605c4ab632eefc48ddbcff02bcb701</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>857</id>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* List of independent reviews */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8264" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
    <sha1>460a1d04bac9d0e339ff5e2df2b54cf4a20231ee</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>860</id>
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    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
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    <comment>Telegramwriter moved page [[Independent strategic reviews]] to [[Independent reviews]] over redirect</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="8264" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent strategic reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been requested by the Security Council of a number of [[special political missions]].

Strategic assessments have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent strategic reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
    <sha1>460a1d04bac9d0e339ff5e2df2b54cf4a20231ee</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>862</id>
    <parentid>860</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-01-08T15:12:29Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8338" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been undertaken of a number of [[special political missions]].

Independent reviews have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| BINUH || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2600(2021) resolution 2600 (2021)] || Mourad Wahba || Ongoing
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
    <sha1>4f80e4068925e84bd634a1636759d449b2f30127</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>863</id>
    <parentid>862</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-01-08T15:15:54Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* List of independent reviews */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8389" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been undertaken of a number of [[special political missions]].

Independent reviews have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| BINUH || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2600(2021) resolution 2600 (2021)] || Mourad Wahba || Not explicitly requested as an independent review; ongoing
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Ongoing
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
    <sha1>21c77c7509a1da060bdcf545855ebf454be3ee2e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>888</id>
    <parentid>863</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-04-05T04:29:47Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Related thematic reviews */ Added S/2021/1042</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8457" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been undertaken of a number of [[special political missions]].

Independent reviews have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| BINUH || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2600(2021) resolution 2600 (2021)] || Mourad Wahba || Not explicitly requested as an independent review; ongoing
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1042 S/2021/1042]
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="8464" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been undertaken of a number of [[special political missions]].

Independent reviews have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| BINUH || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2600(2021) resolution 2600 (2021)] || Mourad Wahba || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2022/369 S/2022/369]
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1042 S/2021/1042]
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

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  <title>Peacekeeping scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="7805" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Rates !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/239 76/239] of 23 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/296/Rev.1 A/76/296/Rev.1/Add.1] || 2022-2024 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia afforded exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/PV.54 A/76/PV.54]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/272 73/272] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/350/add.1 A/73/350/Add.1] || 2019-2021 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia afforded exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/PV.65 A/73/PV.65] General Assembly, 73rd session, 65th plenary meeting, Friday 21 December 2018, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1] || 2016-2018 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman afforded exceptional 7.5% discount; Saudi Arabia receives 7.5% discount for 2018 only&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/PV.82 A/70/PV.82] General Assembly, 70th session, 82nd plenary meeting, Wednesday 23 December 2015, 4 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1] || 2013-2015 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman receive exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/PV.62 A/67/PV.62] General Assembly, 67th session, 62nd plenary meeting, Friday 21 December 2012, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1] || 2010-2012 || Level B countries Bahamas and Bahrain exceptionally treated as level C&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/PV.68 A/64/PV.68] General Assembly, 64th session, 68th plenary meeting, Wednesday 23 December 2009, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256] of 23 December 2003|| [https://undocs.org/a/58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/236] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1] || 2001-2003 || New system of discounts established
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="9784" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established by the [[Preparatory Commission]] of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

=== Process ===
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to [[Article 19]] of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

=== Methodology ===
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
=== Other proposals ===
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/238 76/238] of 23 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/11 A/76/11] || 2022-2024 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== Assessments for Member States and non-Member States ==
The Secretariat issues document each year indicating in dollar terms the assessment of each Member and non-Member State for the regular budget. 

Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;

This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/honourroll.shtml Status of Contributions] (from the website of the [[Committee on Contributions]])

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Independent strategic reviews</title>
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  <title>Article 19</title>
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    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */</comment>
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    <text bytes="10318" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/2 76/2] of 11 Oct 2021|| Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636 A/76/636] || Antigua and Barbuda, Congo, Guinea, Iran, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */</comment>
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    <text bytes="10641" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/2 76/2] of 11 Oct 2021|| Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636 A/76/636] || Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.1 A/76/636/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.3 A/76/636/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/ADD.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Iran''', '''Papua New Guinea''', Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.2 A/76/636/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vanuatu&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/ADD.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10751" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/2 76/2] of 11 Oct 2021|| Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636 A/76/636] || Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.1 A/76/636/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.3 A/76/636/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.5 A/76/636/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.6 A/76/636/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.2 A/76/636/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vanuatu&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/ADD.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Financial Regulations and Rules</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="4745" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Financial Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2013/4 '''ST/SGB/2013/4'''] as amended in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 '''Amend.1'''] to facilitate the new [[regulations and rules#Delegation of authority|delegation of authority]] framework entering into effect on 1 January 2019.

The United Nations financial regulations and rules (which are often referred to as the "'''FRRs'''") are applicable to the Secretariat and a number of the funds and programmes, namely the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/635 A/76/635] Proposal to establish financial regulations of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Authority ==
'''Financial regulations''' are established by the General Assembly as per rule 152 of the General Assembly rules of procedure, which states:

: The General Assembly shall establish regulations for the financial administration of the United Nations.

'''Financial rules''' are established by the Secretary-General on the basis of Financial Regulation 5.8, which states (inter alia) that the Secretary-General shall: 
:(a) Establish detailed financial rules and procedures in order to ensure effective and efficient financial management and the exercise of economy;

== Related documents ==
=== Delegation of authority ===
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2016/7 ST/AI/2016/7] Delegation of authority under the Financial Regulations and Rules (until 31 December 2018)

=== Supplements ===
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/4 ST/SGB/2015/4] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2015/4/Amend.1 Amend.1] Supplement to the Financial Regulations and Rules containing (a) Financial Rules of UNEP trust funds, (b) Financial Regulations and Rules for UN-Habitat and (c) Financial Rules of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Fund of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme. 
* [https://undocs.org/A/AC.96/503/Rev.10 A/AC.96/503/Rev.10] Financial rules for voluntary funds administered by the High Commissioner for Refugees

=== Subordinate policies ===
* [https://iseek-newyork.un.org/departmental_page/overview-financial-policies-and-rules Overview of financial policies and rules] on iSeek (requires UN login)
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/about-us/procurement-manual Procurement Manual] (Rev. 7, 1 July 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2015/4 ST/AI/2015/4] Management of property (4 June 2015)

== Suspended regulations and rules ==

The existing version of the Financial Regulations and Rules reflects the pre-reform biennial [[programme budget]] process. As General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/266 resolution 72/266A] approved the shift to an annual budget on a trial basis as part of [[management reform]], a number of regulations and rules are not being applied during the trial period. These are detailed in section A (Methodology and Format) of the 2021 proposed programme budget.

* [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(Introduction) A/75/6 (Introduction)] Proposed programme budget for 2021

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7 ST/SGB/2003/7] (9 May 2003) and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2003/7/amend.1 Amend.1] (16 December 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.3(1985) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.3] (1 March 1985)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.2(1978) ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.2] (31 March 1978)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALREGULATIONS ST/SGB/Financial Regulations] (2 July 1975)
* [https://undocs.org/A/1496 A/1496] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/456(v) General Assembly resolution 456(V)] of 16 November 1950 (Financial Regulations of the United Nations)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1] (31 May 1970) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1/REV.1/AMEND.1 Amend.1] (27 January 1971)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/FINANCIALRULES/1 ST/SGB/Financial Rules/1] (1 January 1960)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/98 ST/SGB/98] (23 February 1954) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/98/Amend.1 Amend.1] (7 May 1954)
** [https://undocs.org/ST/AFS/SGB/91 ST/AFS/SGB/91] and Corr.1 Financial Rules of the United Nations (29 December 1950)
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/80(i) General Assembly resolution 80(I)] of 11 December 1946 (Provisional Financial Regulations of the United Nations)

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Composition of the Secretariat</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="2496" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual report on the '''composition of the Secretariat''', which is considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] every year under the human resources management agenda item. During odd-numbered sessions of the General Assembly, an addendum covering [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel, retirees and consultants]] is also submitted.

The reports provide statistics on staff composition broken down by gender, grade, Secretariat entity and age, as well as statistics related to geographical representation and the [[system of desirable ranges]]. 

== Secretary-General reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Composition report !! Addendum !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/570 A/76/570] || ||
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591 A/75/591] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591/Add.1 A/75/591/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/82 A/74/82] || ||
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79 A/73/79] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79/add.1 A/73/79/Add.1] || 
|-
| 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/123 A/72/123] || || Switch to calendar year reporting
|-
| 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360 A/71/360] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360/add.1 A/71/360/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014/15 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/764 A/70/764] || ||
|-
| 2013/14 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292 A/69/292] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292/add.1 A/69/292/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/356 A/68/356] || ||
|-
| 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329 A/67/329] || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329/add.1 A/67/329/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/347 A/66/347] || ||
|-
| 2009/10 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350 A/65/350] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350/add.1 A/65/350/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/352 A/64/352] || ||
|-
| 2007/08 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/310 A/63/310] || ||
|-
| 2006/07 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/315 A/62/315] || ||
|-
| 2005/06 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/257 A/61/257] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/257/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2004/05 || [https://undocs.org/A/60/310 A/60/310] || ||
|-
| 2003/04 || [https://undocs.org/A/59/299 A/59/299] || ||
|-
| 2002/03 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/666 A/58/666] || ||
|- 
| 2001/02 || [https://undocs.org/A/57/414 A/57/414] || ||
|-
| 2000/01 || [https://undocs.org/A/56/512 A/56/512] and [https://undocs.org/A/56/512/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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  <revision>
    <id>879</id>
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    <comment>/* Secretary-General reports */ Added A/76/570/CORR.1</comment>
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    <text bytes="2544" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual report on the '''composition of the Secretariat''', which is considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] every year under the human resources management agenda item. During odd-numbered sessions of the General Assembly, an addendum covering [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel, retirees and consultants]] is also submitted.

The reports provide statistics on staff composition broken down by gender, grade, Secretariat entity and age, as well as statistics related to geographical representation and the [[system of desirable ranges]]. 

== Secretary-General reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Composition report !! Addendum !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/570 A/76/570] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/570/CORR.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591 A/75/591] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591/Add.1 A/75/591/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/82 A/74/82] || ||
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79 A/73/79] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79/add.1 A/73/79/Add.1] || 
|-
| 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/123 A/72/123] || || Switch to calendar year reporting
|-
| 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360 A/71/360] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360/add.1 A/71/360/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014/15 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/764 A/70/764] || ||
|-
| 2013/14 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292 A/69/292] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292/add.1 A/69/292/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/356 A/68/356] || ||
|-
| 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329 A/67/329] || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329/add.1 A/67/329/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/347 A/66/347] || ||
|-
| 2009/10 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350 A/65/350] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350/add.1 A/65/350/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/352 A/64/352] || ||
|-
| 2007/08 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/310 A/63/310] || ||
|-
| 2006/07 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/315 A/62/315] || ||
|-
| 2005/06 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/257 A/61/257] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/257/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2004/05 || [https://undocs.org/A/60/310 A/60/310] || ||
|-
| 2003/04 || [https://undocs.org/A/59/299 A/59/299] || ||
|-
| 2002/03 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/666 A/58/666] || ||
|- 
| 2001/02 || [https://undocs.org/A/57/414 A/57/414] || ||
|-
| 2000/01 || [https://undocs.org/A/56/512 A/56/512] and [https://undocs.org/A/56/512/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
    <sha1>7833e12bfbf8ca63c3a715b2759c84a759ccf2b9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>885</id>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2571" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual report on the '''composition of the Secretariat''', which is considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] every year under the human resources management agenda item. During odd-numbered sessions of the General Assembly, an addendum covering [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel, retirees and consultants]] is also submitted.

The reports provide statistics on staff composition broken down by gender, grade, Secretariat entity and age, as well as statistics related to geographical representation and the [[system of desirable ranges]]. 

== Secretary-General reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Composition report !! Addendum !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/570 A/76/570] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/570/CORR.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591 A/75/591] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591/Add.1 A/75/591/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/82 A/74/82] || ||
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79 A/73/79] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79/add.1 A/73/79/Add.1] || 
|-
| 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/123 A/72/123] || || Switch to calendar year reporting
|-
| 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360 A/71/360] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360/add.1 A/71/360/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014/15 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/764 A/70/764] || ||
|-
| 2013/14 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292 A/69/292] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292/add.1 A/69/292/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/356 A/68/356] || ||
|-
| 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329 A/67/329] || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329/add.1 A/67/329/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/347 A/66/347] || ||
|-
| 2009/10 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350 A/65/350] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350/add.1 A/65/350/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/352 A/64/352] || ||
|-
| 2007/08 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/310 A/63/310] || ||
|-
| 2006/07 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/315 A/62/315] || ||
|-
| 2005/06 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/257 A/61/257] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/257/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2004/05 || [https://undocs.org/A/60/310 A/60/310] || ||
|-
| 2003/04 || [https://undocs.org/A/59/299 A/59/299] || ||
|-
| 2002/03 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/666 A/58/666] || ||
|- 
| 2001/02 || [https://undocs.org/A/57/414 A/57/414] || ||
|-
| 2000/01 || [https://undocs.org/A/56/512 A/56/512] and [https://undocs.org/A/56/512/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[United Nations staff]]

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>49</id>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Key documents */ Added lessons learned section</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9477" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)''' || '''Somalia''' || 2007 || '''Ongoing''' || Replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM); originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2007 || 2020 || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100(2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149(2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020] Letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council on the independent assessment  of  United Nations-African Union cooperation and the structure and capacity of the [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

=== Lessons learned ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Lessons-learned on the transitions from AU peace operations to UN peacekeeping operations in Mali and in the Central African Republic
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1099 S/2021/1099] Summary report on lessons learned from the experience of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
    <sha1>a588bab4fa35208cbefd67450b35e1ea7b89d971</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>889</id>
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    <comment>/* African Union peace support operations */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9630" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS)''' || '''Somalia''' || '''2007''' || '''Ongoing''' || AMISOM replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM) and was originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation; was reconfigured into ATMIS in March 2022 with the adoption of [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2628(2022) SCR 2628 (2022)]
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2007 || 2020 || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100 (2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149 (2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020] Letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council on the independent assessment  of  United Nations-African Union cooperation and the structure and capacity of the [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

=== Lessons learned ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Lessons-learned on the transitions from AU peace operations to UN peacekeeping operations in Mali and in the Central African Republic
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1099 S/2021/1099] Summary report on lessons learned from the experience of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
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    <text bytes="16904" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

=== Regular reports ===

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435 A/76/435] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 19 October 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_UN_Fin_situation/C5_76_0m_ST_2021_10_19_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387/Add.1 A/75/387/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_2r_ST_2021_05_07_Item_143_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387 A/75/387] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 8 October 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_0m_ST_2020_10_08_Item_143_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

=== Special reports ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/76/429 A/76/429] Improving the financial situation of the United Nations
*: Proposed further measures to deal with continuing liquidity challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] Improving the financial situation of the United Nations
*: Proposed measures under the programme and peacekeeping budgets to address worsening liquidity challenges in the Secretariat

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="17144" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

=== Regular reports ===

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435/ADD.1 A/76/435/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 5 May 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_Fin_Sit/C5_76_2r_ST_2022_05_05_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435 A/76/435] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 19 October 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_UN_Fin_situation/C5_76_0m_ST_2021_10_19_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387/Add.1 A/75/387/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_2r_ST_2021_05_07_Item_143_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387 A/75/387] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 8 October 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_0m_ST_2020_10_08_Item_143_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

=== Special reports ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/76/429 A/76/429] Improving the financial situation of the United Nations
*: Proposed further measures to deal with continuing liquidity challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] Improving the financial situation of the United Nations
*: Proposed measures under the programme and peacekeeping budgets to address worsening liquidity challenges in the Secretariat

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <text bytes="14473" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2020, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/AC.121/2020/INF/3 A/AC.121/2020/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.19 A/AC.121/SR.19&lt;/ref&gt;
* Vice-Chair: Japan
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966, as United Arab Republic)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.19 A/AC.121/SR.19&lt;/ref&gt;

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support.

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2022 || || [https://undocs.org/A/76/505 A/76/505] ||
|-
| 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/19 A/75/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/563 A/75/563] ||
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || First report under new format structured around the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] priority areas
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="14486" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2020, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/AC.121/2020/INF/3 A/AC.121/2020/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.19 A/AC.121/SR.19&lt;/ref&gt;
* Vice-Chair: Japan (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966, as United Arab Republic)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.19 A/AC.121/SR.19&lt;/ref&gt;

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support.

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2022 || || [https://undocs.org/A/76/505 A/76/505] ||
|-
| 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/19 A/75/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/563 A/75/563] ||
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || First report under new format structured around the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] priority areas
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="10463" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || TBD || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>cd81c19c02adff64af84c1e9139a0264b1628484</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>880</id>
    <parentid>872</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-03-14T03:37:53Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Summary table */ Updated 2020/21 final approved based on overview report A/76/717</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10522" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>375b5d1719a6a6fa761c6550b76796a577347530</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>899</id>
    <parentid>880</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-05-13T13:23:30Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Summary table */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10615" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,030,093,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>1e41ad0dada35a04b30fc3cba51c19649be46e42</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Development system reform</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>29</id>
  <revision>
    <id>874</id>
    <parentid>815</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-02-13T15:59:28Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Legislative history */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4369" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of [[United Nations country team|UN country teams]]''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A [[Development Coordination Office|'''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator system''']] with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report(s)   !! Resolution(s) !! Notess
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3] || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017 || First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7] || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018 || Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ) || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV) || Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/905 A/75/905] || General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/4 76/4] of 28 October 2021 || Review of the functioning of the resident coordinator system
|}

== Reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || QCPR report; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.1] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.2] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73–E/2019/14/Add.3] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/79 A/75/79—E/2020/55] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || QCPR report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/905 A/75/905] ||  || Review of the functioning of the resident coordinator system (requested in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279])
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]
* [[Mutual recognition]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>212b2e7835f666f43ab7a547c28787811333f32d</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>875</id>
    <parentid>874</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-02-13T16:31:53Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Reports */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4941" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of [[United Nations country team|UN country teams]]''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A [[Development Coordination Office|'''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator system''']] with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report(s)   !! Resolution(s) !! Notess
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3] || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017 || First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7] || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018 || Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ) || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV) || Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/905 A/75/905] || General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/4 76/4] of 28 October 2021 || Review of the functioning of the resident coordinator system
|}

== Other documents ==

=== Reports on DCO ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|}

=== Related QCPR reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/238 resolution 74/238]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || QCPR report; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73/Add.1–E/2019/14/Add.1] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/238 resolution 74/238]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73/Add.2–E/2019/14/Add.2] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/238 resolution 74/238]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73/Add.3–E/2019/14/Add.3] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/238 resolution 74/238]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/79 A/75/79—E/2020/55] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/297 resolution 74/297]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || QCPR report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/75 A/76/75–E/2021/57] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/220 resolution 76/220] || Implementation of QCPR 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/75/Add.1 A/76/75/Add.1–E/2021/57/Add.1] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/220 resolution 76/220] || QCPR: funding of the UN development system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]
* [[Mutual recognition]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>f7db23eb6f726bc0057e08bbbcaa8d9fd0073b98</sha1>
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    <text bytes="4482" xml:space="preserve">'''Repositioning the United Nations development system''' is one of the three parts of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

It consists of seven elements&lt;ref&gt;Secretary-General's remarks on the second report on the repositioning of the UN development system, 22 January 2018 [https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-second-report-repositioning-un]&lt;/ref&gt;:
# A '''new generation of [[United Nations country team|UN country teams]]''' to meet the specific development priorities and needs of countries;
# A [[Development Coordination Office|'''reinvigorated Resident Coordinator system''']] with stronger capacity, leadership, accountability and impartiality; 
# A coordinated, reprofiled and restructured '''regional approach''' to better support work on the ground; 
# Renewed spaces for Member States to guide system-wide actions and bring greater '''transparency and accountability''' for results; 
# A stronger UN institutional response and system-wide approach to '''partnerships for the 2030 Agenda'''.
# Concrete steps to accelerate the system’s alignment to the 2030 Agenda, through a '''system-wide strategic document developed''' by the UN Development Group. 
# A '''Funding Compact''' to bring better quality, quantity and predictability of resources, increased accountability and transparency and enhanced capacities of the system to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.

== Legislative history == 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report(s)   !! Resolution(s) !! Notess
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/124 A/72/124–E/2018/3] || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/236 resolution 72/236] of 20 December 2017 || First report on the repositioning of the UN development system
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/684 A/72/684–E/2018/7] || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 resolution 72/279] of 31 May 2018 || Second report on the repositioning of the UN development system; &lt;br /&gt;GA approved, inter alia, reinvigorated RC system with hybrid financing model 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424] (SG) and &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/579 A/73/579] (ACABQ) || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 resolution 73/279] of 22 December 2018 (section XV) || Revised estimates relating to the resident coordinator system
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/905 A/75/905] || General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/4 76/4] of 28 October 2021 || Review of the functioning of the resident coordinator system
|}

== Other documents ==

=== Reports on DCO ===

See [[Development Coordination Office#ECOSOC reports|Development Coordination Office]].

=== Related QCPR reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73 A/74/73–E/2019/14] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/238 resolution 74/238]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || QCPR report; stocktaking on UNDS reform
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.1 A/74/73/Add.1–E/2019/14/Add.1] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/238 resolution 74/238]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Funding compact
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.2 A/74/73/Add.2–E/2019/14/Add.2] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/238 resolution 74/238]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Overview of the funding of operational activities for development, focusing on 2017
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/73/Add.3 A/74/73/Add.3–E/2019/14/Add.3] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/238 resolution 74/238]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || Monitoring and reporting framework for resolutions [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/243 71/243] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/279 72/279]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/79 A/75/79—E/2020/55] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/297 resolution 74/297]&lt;br&gt;ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || QCPR report
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/75 A/76/75–E/2021/57] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/220 resolution 76/220] || Implementation of QCPR 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/75/Add.1 A/76/75/Add.1–E/2021/57/Add.1] || GA [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/220 resolution 76/220] || QCPR: funding of the UN development system
|}

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Development Coordination Office]]
* [[Mutual recognition]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Peacebuilding</title>
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    <text bytes="15213" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key reports and resolutions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===
The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Associated MPTFO report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/27185 2020 Consolidated Annual Financial Report]
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/24189 2019 Consolidated Annual Financial Report]
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/21687 2018 Consolidated Annual Financial Report]
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/19890 2017 Consolidated Annual Financial Report]
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/18174 2016 Consolidated Annual Financial Report]
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/16311 2015 Consolidated Annual Financial Report]
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/14581 2014 Consolidated Annual Financial Report]
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/12894 2013 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds]
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/11296 2012 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds]
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || Switch to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/9077 2011 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds]
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/6520 2010 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds]
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/4120 2009 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds]
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2404 2008 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds]
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || First report on the Peacebuilding Fund || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2403 2007 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds]
|}

=== Regular reports ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="15405" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Associated MPTFO report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/27185 2020 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/24189 2019 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/21687 2018 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/19890 2017 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/18174 2016 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/16311 2015 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/14581 2014 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/12894 2013 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/11296 2012 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/9077 2011 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/6520 2010 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/4120 2009 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2404 2008 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2403 2007 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>eb43b1f50cdec02cad787b70a2b5156ac2448242</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>884</id>
    <parentid>877</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-03-21T03:59:06Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="15476" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Associated MPTFO report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] || ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/27185 2020 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/24189 2019 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/21687 2018 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/19890 2017 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/18174 2016 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/16311 2015 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/14581 2014 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/12894 2013 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/11296 2012 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/9077 2011 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/6520 2010 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/4120 2009 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2404 2008 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2403 2007 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>08d7c698cc1c63d7075f1e31178ef50bcf1a37b4</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Death and disability compensation</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>4</id>
  <revision>
    <id>878</id>
    <parentid>588</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-02-25T16:55:50Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Post-traumatic stress disorder */ Added A/76/662</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6375" xml:space="preserve">'''Death and disability compensation''' is paid by the United Nations for military and police personnel killed or injured in service. The current maximum rate of compensation is $77,000&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Principles of compensation ==

The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Prior to the adoption of the current system of uniform compensation in resolution 51/218E of 17 June 1997, compensation for military and police [[categories of personnel|contingent personnel]] was paid by their respective national authorities based on the relevant national legislation, who in turn were reimbursed by the United Nations upon receipt of a claim duly certified by the national auditor-general (or official of similar rank). This meant that troops or their beneficiaries were reimbursed different amounts based on national origin.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 68&lt;/ref&gt; 

From 1991, [[categories of personnel|individually-deployed uniformed experts]] (e.g. military observers and police officers) or their beneficiaries were reimbursed up to twice the annual salary excluding allowances or $50,000, whichever is higher&lt;ref&gt;Note that [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 71, says "whichever is lower". This must have been an error, as all other reports, including the associated ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664], say "whichever is higher".&lt;/ref&gt;; before 1991, the threshold was $20,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/746 A/63/746], table 2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The compensation levels for contingent personnel and individually-deployed were unified in July 2010 with the adoption of resolution 64/269, which set a maximum level of $70,000 for all uniformed personnel. 

=== Settlement of claims ===

As per requests of the General Assembly, claims are supposed to be settled as soon as possible, but no later than three months after the date of submission&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Delays in settlement generally result from:
# Delayed receipt of medical information on claimants from their respective permanent missions;
# Time required to complete an assessment of permanent impairment by the Division for Healthcare Management and Occupational Safety and Health of the [[Department of Operational Support]]; 
# Confirmation from the mission that the death or disability was mission-related and not caused by gross negligence or wilful misconduct.

=== Post-traumatic stress disorder ===

As of 2018, the United Nations recognizes PTSD is a recognized disability eligible for compensation and represents a significant proportion of outstanding claims. Moreover, the submission of such claims is often delayed because symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder can take years/ decades to be felt or be recognized.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IV&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''See also'''
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776] Overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Report of the Secretary-General (Annex IV)
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] Overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Report of the Secretary-General (Annex IV)
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/743 A/74/743] Budget for the support account for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021: Report of the Secretary-General (paragraphs 39-41)
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/809 A/74/809] Budget for the support account for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021: Report of the [[ACABQ]] (paragraphs 16-21)
* [https://undocs.org/A/76/662 A/76/662] Post-traumatic stress disorder framework for uniformed personnel: Report of the Secretary-General

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018 (paragraph 4) increased the rate by 10%
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] of 24 June 2010 (section II, paragraph 3) increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/177 52/177] of 18 December 1997 approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218e 51/218E] of 17 June 1997 (section II) set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994 (section III) established the principles for the payment of death and disability

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
Information on death and disability claims has, since the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/316 57/316] of 18 June 2003, been included in the annual report on the [[Overview report|overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations]]. Prior to that, a separate report titled "Death and disability benefits" was issued on an annual basis.  
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/550 A/63/550] ''Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits''
* [https://undocs.org/A/52/369 A/52/369] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented proposals for administrative and payment procedures''
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/906 A/59/906] and [https://undocs.org/A/49/906/corr.1 Corr.1] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented options for providing compensation to troops
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/664 A/49/664] ''Annex VII: Compensation for Death, Injury and Disability''
* [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] ''Effective planning, budgeting and administration of peace-keeping operations''—requested guidance from the General Assembly for providing compensation to troops

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5537" xml:space="preserve">'''Official development assistance''' (ODA) is government aid that promotes and specifically targets the economic development and welfare of developing countries. The concept was first adopted by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1969.

== Peacebuilding-related categories ==
The categories of ODA that are considered to be [[peacebuilding]]-related are based on the areas of recurring needs highlighted in the 2009 report of the Secretary-General on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict ([https://undocs.org/A/63/881 A/63/881–S/2009/304]) and are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/peacebuilding/sites/www.un.org.peacebuilding/files/documents/bn.oda_.snapshot.190823.pdf UN PBSO: Background Note on the Snapshot of ODA disbursements related to Peacebuilding, August 2019]&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! Peacebuilding categories
! Purpose code
! CRS purpose #
|-
| rowspan="7" | Basic Safety and Security
| Security system management and reform
| 15210
|-
| Reintegration and SALW control 
| 15240
|-
| Removal of land mines and explosive remnants of war
| 15250
|-
| Child soldiers (prevention and demobilization)
| 15261
|-
| Ending violence against women and girls
| 15180
|-
| Facilitation of orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility
| 15190
|-
| Participation in international peacekeeping operations
| 15230
|-
| rowspan="6" | Inclusive political processes
| Civilian peacebuilding, conflict prevention and resolution
| 15220
|-
| Legislatures and political parties 
| 15152
|-
| Anti-corruption organizations and institutions
| 15113
|-
| Democratic participation and civil society
| 15150
|-
| Media and free flow of information 
| 15153
|-
| Women's equality organisations and institutions
| 15170
|-
| rowspan="6" | Core government functions
| Public sector policy and administrative management
| 15110
|-
| Public finance management 
| 15111
|-
| Domestic revenue mobilization 
| 15114
|-
| Decentralisation and support to subnational government
| 15112
|-
| Public procurement 
| 15125
|-
| Macroeconomic policy 
| 15142
|-
| rowspan="2" | Human rights and rule of law
| Legal and judicial development 
| 15130
|-
| Human rights
| 15160
|}

== ODA coefficient for peacekeeping ==
United Nations [[peacekeeping missions]] are mandated to perform several of the peacebuilding-related categories of ODA. However, they are not treated as donors, but rather as a channel for ODA from Member States. The '''ODA coefficient''' for peacekeeping is the percentage of [[peacekeeping financing|assessed contributions for peacekeeping]] that are reportable as ODA. Since 2017, the ODA coefficient has been set at 15%. 

=== Elements ===
The current coefficient of 15% reflects 7.8% from civilian components, 3.8% from police components, and 3.9% of military components of peacekeeping operations.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/ODA-Coefficient-for-UN-Peacekeeping-Operations.pdf OECD: The ODA Coefficient for UN Peacekeeping Operations Explained]&lt;/ref&gt;

The following activities conducted by peacekeeping missions are considered ODA-eligible:&lt;ref&gt;[https://one.oecd.org/document/DCD/DAC(2013)15/FINAL/en/pdf DCD/DAC(2013)15/FINAL] Converged statistical reporting directives for the creditor reporting system (CRS) and the annual DAC questionnaire&lt;/ref&gt;
* Human rights and election monitoring;
* Reintegration of demobilized soldiers;
* Rehabilitation of basic national infrastructure;
* Monitoring or retraining of civil administrators and police forces;
* Security sector reform and other rule of law-related activities;
* Training in customs and border control procedures;
* Advice or training in fiscal or macroeconomic stabilization policy;
* Repatriation and demobilization of armed factions, and disposal of their weapons; and
* Explosive mine removal.

The methodology for estimating the ODA-eligible share of [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations|peacekeeping budgets]] involves a detailed analysis of the budgets of the largest peacekeeping operations to determine the amount of the budgets used for the aforementioned activities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DCD/DAC/STAT(2010)9&amp;docLanguage=En DCD/DAC/STAT(2010)9] Review of the ODA coefficient for the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Evolution ===
Growing recognition that development and peace and security activities are interdependent led the DAC to agree to count 6% of multilateral contributions to UN peacekeeping operations as ODA in 2006. This "ODA coefficient" was subsequently increased to 7% in 2007.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2010)9&lt;/ref&gt; Originally, the ODA coefficient only covered civilian staff costs and operational costs of missions; the uniformed components of missions were not reportable as ODA. Following the February 2016 DAC high-level meeting, the coefficient was increased to 15% to reflect the contributions of military and police components to the ODA-eligible activities. The costs of military contingents (i.e. [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment|equipment]]) remain outside the scope of ODA.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.oecd.org/dac/DAC-HLM-Communique-2016.pdf Communiqué of the 19 February 2016 DAC High-level meeting]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== See also ==
* [[Peacebuilding]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[category:budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="2011" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Official development assistance]] - Added 20 March 2022
* [[Executive Committee]] and [[Management Committee]] - Added 4 November 2021
* [[Transitions]] - Added 18 October 2021
* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]] - Added 14 October 2021
* [[Conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials]] - Added 3 October 2021
* [[Independent strategic reviews]] - Added 1 September 2021

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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  <title>Personnel reimbursement</title>
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    <text bytes="11836" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations provides '''personnel reimbursement''' for the troop- and police-contributing countries on account of the military and police contingents deployed to United Nations peace operations. 

Since 1 July 2018, the reimbursement rate has been 1,428 United States dollars per person per month.&lt;ref&gt;Resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Principles of reimbursement ==
In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] of 14 June 2001, the General Assembly established the following elements and guidelines for the reimbursement system:
:(a) [[categories of personnel|Troops, formed civilian police units and staff officers]] serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations shall be reimbursed on an equal basis for identical services;
:(b) Reimbursement for troop costs shall take into consideration, inter alia, general principles such as simplicity, equity, transparency, comprehensiveness, portability, financial control and audit and confirmed delivery of specified services, all ow which shall be built into the [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] entered into by the United Nations with the participating States;
:(c) The data for this survey shall identify the common and essential additional costs from existing troop levels related to personnel that are incurred by troop-contributing countries due to their participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations…;
:(d) The methodology shall ensure that no double payment is made with respect to reimbursement between the various levels of [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]], components of troop costs and any other allowances;

== Current structure of reimbursement ==
The current reimbursement system has been in place since 1 July 2013, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013, which endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the '''Senior Advisory Group''' established pursuant to General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/10 A/C.5/67/10] Report of the Senior Advisory Group on rates of reimbursement to troop-contributing countries and other related issues &lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Survey ===
The General Assembly currently decides on the reimbursement rate based on the results of a quadrennial survey of a representative sample of troop- and police-contributing countries. The "common and essential additional costs" covered in the survey are (1) allowances; (2) clothing, gear and equipment; (3) pre-deployment medical expenses; and (4) inland travel.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 67&lt;/ref&gt; The sample consists of 10 of the top 20 contributors over the prior three-year period. These countries should be drawn from the four World Bank income categories (high, high-medium, low-medium and low) in proportion to the total number of troops and members of formed police units deployed from each of these income categories.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 62-63&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Deduction for absent or non-functioning equipment ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly endorsed the SAG recommendation that, "to the extent that major equipment specified in relevant [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]] is absent or non-functional, thereby affecting the ability of a contingent to perform the responsibilities required of it, the rate of reimbursement to the troop- or police-contributing countries be reduced proportionally". However, it also introduced a number of caveats, as follows:

:(a) No deduction will be applied until after two consecutive unsatisfactory quarterly contingent-owned equipment verification reports…;
:(b) No deduction will be made for major equipment that is absent or non-functional for reasons deemed by the Secretariat to be beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country; 
:(c) No deduction will be made related to absent or non-functional vehicles unless over 10 per cent of the vehicles specified in relevant memorandums of understanding are absent or non-functional;
:(d) Deduction on account of absent or non-functional contingent-owned equipment shall not exceed 35 per cent of reimbursements for any unit in any case; 

=== Risk premium ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly also endorsed the SAG recommendation "to award bonuses to individual units that are operating without restrictions and caveats imposed by troop- and police-contributing countries
and that have acquitted themselves well despite exceptional levels of risk. The annual aggregate amount of such awards would be no greater than an amount equal to a 10 per cent premium paid to 10 per cent of the average
number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year. Those awards would be paid at the conclusion of service directly to the relevant individual contingent members."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 111-113&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Enabling capabilities premium ===
The General Assembly also introduced a premium to be paid to incentivize the deployment of key enabling capabilities in high demand and short supply. As recommended by the SAG, "The Secretary-General would decide from time to
time and mission by mission which enabling capacities, if any, would qualify and the size of the premium in each case. The annual aggregate amount of such premiums would be no greater than an amount equal to a 15 per cent premium paid to 20 per cent of the average number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 114&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reimbursement rates ==
Personnel reimbursement rates are set by the General Assembly on the basis of deliberations within the [[Fifth Committee]]. The adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] set a four-year review cycle for personnel reimbursement rates by the General Assembly. Deliberations on personnel reimbursement are separate from those of reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|major equipment and self-sustainment]], which occur every three years on the basis of recommendations of the [[contingent-owned equipment#COE Working Group|Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Date !! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Effective date !! Base rate !! Supp. !! Kit !! Weap. !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/9631%5Bvol.I%5D(supp) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 140&lt;/ref&gt; || 29 November 1974 ||  ||  || 25 October 1973 || '''500''' || '''150''' ||  ||  || See A/PV.2303, para 128.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/10034(SUPP) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 148&lt;/ref&gt; || 15 December 1975 ||  ||  || 15 December 1975 || '''500''' || '''150''' || '''65''' || '''5''' || Approved usage factor
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/32/45(SUPP) Decision 32/416]&lt;ref&gt;See page 238&lt;/ref&gt; || 2 December 1977 || [https://undocs.org/a/32/339 A/32/339] || || 25 October 1977 || '''680''' || '''200''' || '''65''' || '''5''' ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/35/44 35/44] || 1 December 1980 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/35/38 A/C.5/35/38] || [https://undocs.org/a/35/653 A/35/653] || 1 December 1980 || '''950''' || '''280''' || '''65''' || '''5''' || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/247 40/247] || 18 December 1985 || [https://undocs.org/a/40/845 A/40/845] || [https://undocs.org/a/40/954 A/40/954] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/224 42/224] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/a/42/374 A/42/374] || [https://undocs.org/a/42/791 A/42/791] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
|  	 ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/44/500 A/44/500] || [https://undocs.org/a/44/725 A/44/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Overview of rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || [https://undocs.org/a/45/582 A/45/582] || [https://undocs.org/a/45/801 A/45/801] || 1 July 1991 || '''988''' || '''291''' || '''65''' || '''5''' || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E] || 17 June 1997 || [https://undocs.org/a/48/912 A/48/912] || [https://undocs.org/a/50/1012 A/50/1012] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for new survey
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/229 55/229] || 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/54/763 A/54/763] || [https://undocs.org/a/54/859 A/54/859] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request to [[Contingent-owned equipment|post-Phase V Working Group]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] || 14 June 2001 || [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815] || [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887] || 1 July 2001 || '''1,008''' || '''297''' || '''66''' || '''5''' || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] ||  ||  ||  || 1 Jan 2002 || '''1,028''' || '''303''' || '''68''' || '''5''' || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252] || 20 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/a/60/725 A/60/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for updated methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285] || 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/63/697 A/63/697] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved new survey, which was never implemented
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Established SAG, approved supplemental payment of $85 million to T/PCCs for 2011/12
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved supplemental payment of $60 million to T/PCCs for 2012/13
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261] || 10 May 2013 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/713 A/67/713], [https://undocs.org/a/67/956 A/67/956] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/749 A/67/749] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/67/10 SAG recommendations] including new methodology and 6.75% supplemental payment to T/PCCs for 2013/14
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] || 30 June 2014 || [https://undocs.org/a/68/813 A/68/813] || [https://undocs.org/A/68/859 A/68/859] || 1 July 2014 || '''1,332''' ||  ||  ||  || First survey under new methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2016 || '''1,365''' ||  ||  ||  ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2017 || '''1,410''' ||  ||  ||  || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/728 A/72/728] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/771 A/72/771] || 1 July 2018 || '''1,428''' ||  ||  ||  || Second survey under new methodology
|-
| || || [https://undocs.org/A/76/676 A/76/676] || || || || || || || Third survey under new methodology
|}

== Withholding of reimbursement ==
The General Assembly authorized the withholding of reimbursement for disciplinary reasons, including [[sexual exploitation and abuse]], in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 resolution 65/289] of 30 June 2011&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 59&lt;/ref&gt;. In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 resolution 70/286] of 17 June 2016, the General Assembly decided that withheld reimbursements in substantiated cases of sexual exploitation and abuse would be transferred to the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 75: ''Highlights'' the importance of providing expeditious support to victims, notes with appreciation the establishment of the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, recalls paragraph 59 of its resolution 65/289, and decides  to  approve  the  transfer  of  withheld  payments  in  substantiated  cases  of sexual exploitation and abuse by civilian, military and police personnel to the Trust Fund;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11887" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations provides '''personnel reimbursement''' for the troop- and police-contributing countries on account of the military and police contingents deployed to United Nations peace operations. 

Since 1 July 2018, the reimbursement rate has been 1,428 United States dollars per person per month.&lt;ref&gt;Resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Principles of reimbursement ==
In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] of 14 June 2001, the General Assembly established the following elements and guidelines for the reimbursement system:
:(a) [[categories of personnel|Troops, formed civilian police units and staff officers]] serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations shall be reimbursed on an equal basis for identical services;
:(b) Reimbursement for troop costs shall take into consideration, inter alia, general principles such as simplicity, equity, transparency, comprehensiveness, portability, financial control and audit and confirmed delivery of specified services, all ow which shall be built into the [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] entered into by the United Nations with the participating States;
:(c) The data for this survey shall identify the common and essential additional costs from existing troop levels related to personnel that are incurred by troop-contributing countries due to their participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations…;
:(d) The methodology shall ensure that no double payment is made with respect to reimbursement between the various levels of [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]], components of troop costs and any other allowances;

== Current structure of reimbursement ==
The current reimbursement system has been in place since 1 July 2013, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013, which endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the '''Senior Advisory Group''' established pursuant to General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/10 A/C.5/67/10] Report of the Senior Advisory Group on rates of reimbursement to troop-contributing countries and other related issues &lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Survey ===
The General Assembly currently decides on the reimbursement rate based on the results of a quadrennial survey of a representative sample of troop- and police-contributing countries. The "common and essential additional costs" covered in the survey are (1) allowances; (2) clothing, gear and equipment; (3) pre-deployment medical expenses; and (4) inland travel.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 67&lt;/ref&gt; The sample consists of 10 of the top 20 contributors over the prior three-year period. These countries should be drawn from the four World Bank income categories (high, high-medium, low-medium and low) in proportion to the total number of troops and members of formed police units deployed from each of these income categories.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 62-63&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Deduction for absent or non-functioning equipment ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly endorsed the SAG recommendation that, "to the extent that major equipment specified in relevant [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]] is absent or non-functional, thereby affecting the ability of a contingent to perform the responsibilities required of it, the rate of reimbursement to the troop- or police-contributing countries be reduced proportionally". However, it also introduced a number of caveats, as follows:

:(a) No deduction will be applied until after two consecutive unsatisfactory quarterly contingent-owned equipment verification reports…;
:(b) No deduction will be made for major equipment that is absent or non-functional for reasons deemed by the Secretariat to be beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country; 
:(c) No deduction will be made related to absent or non-functional vehicles unless over 10 per cent of the vehicles specified in relevant memorandums of understanding are absent or non-functional;
:(d) Deduction on account of absent or non-functional contingent-owned equipment shall not exceed 35 per cent of reimbursements for any unit in any case; 

=== Risk premium ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly also endorsed the SAG recommendation "to award bonuses to individual units that are operating without restrictions and caveats imposed by troop- and police-contributing countries
and that have acquitted themselves well despite exceptional levels of risk. The annual aggregate amount of such awards would be no greater than an amount equal to a 10 per cent premium paid to 10 per cent of the average
number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year. Those awards would be paid at the conclusion of service directly to the relevant individual contingent members."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 111-113&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Enabling capabilities premium ===
The General Assembly also introduced a premium to be paid to incentivize the deployment of key enabling capabilities in high demand and short supply. As recommended by the SAG, "The Secretary-General would decide from time to
time and mission by mission which enabling capacities, if any, would qualify and the size of the premium in each case. The annual aggregate amount of such premiums would be no greater than an amount equal to a 15 per cent premium paid to 20 per cent of the average number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 114&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reimbursement rates ==
Personnel reimbursement rates are set by the General Assembly on the basis of deliberations within the [[Fifth Committee]]. The adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] set a four-year review cycle for personnel reimbursement rates by the General Assembly. Deliberations on personnel reimbursement are separate from those of reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|major equipment and self-sustainment]], which occur every three years on the basis of recommendations of the [[contingent-owned equipment#COE Working Group|Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Date !! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Effective date !! Base rate !! Supp. !! Kit !! Weap. !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/9631%5Bvol.I%5D(supp) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 140&lt;/ref&gt; || 29 November 1974 ||  ||  || 25 October 1973 || '''500''' || '''150''' ||  ||  || See A/PV.2303, para 128.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/10034(SUPP) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 148&lt;/ref&gt; || 15 December 1975 ||  ||  || 15 December 1975 || '''500''' || '''150''' || '''65''' || '''5''' || Approved usage factor
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/32/45(SUPP) Decision 32/416]&lt;ref&gt;See page 238&lt;/ref&gt; || 2 December 1977 || [https://undocs.org/a/32/339 A/32/339] || || 25 October 1977 || '''680''' || '''200''' || '''65''' || '''5''' ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/35/44 35/44] || 1 December 1980 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/35/38 A/C.5/35/38] || [https://undocs.org/a/35/653 A/35/653] || 1 December 1980 || '''950''' || '''280''' || '''65''' || '''5''' || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/247 40/247] || 18 December 1985 || [https://undocs.org/a/40/845 A/40/845] || [https://undocs.org/a/40/954 A/40/954] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/224 42/224] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/a/42/374 A/42/374] || [https://undocs.org/a/42/791 A/42/791] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
|  	 ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/44/500 A/44/500] || [https://undocs.org/a/44/725 A/44/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Overview of rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || [https://undocs.org/a/45/582 A/45/582] || [https://undocs.org/a/45/801 A/45/801] || 1 July 1991 || '''988''' || '''291''' || '''65''' || '''5''' || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E] || 17 June 1997 || [https://undocs.org/a/48/912 A/48/912] || [https://undocs.org/a/50/1012 A/50/1012] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for new survey
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/229 55/229] || 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/54/763 A/54/763] || [https://undocs.org/a/54/859 A/54/859] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request to [[Contingent-owned equipment|post-Phase V Working Group]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] || 14 June 2001 || [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815] || [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887] || 1 July 2001 || '''1,008''' || '''297''' || '''66''' || '''5''' || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] ||  ||  ||  || 1 Jan 2002 || '''1,028''' || '''303''' || '''68''' || '''5''' || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252] || 20 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/a/60/725 A/60/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for updated methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285] || 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/63/697 A/63/697] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved new survey, which was never implemented
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Established SAG, approved supplemental payment of $85 million to T/PCCs for 2011/12
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved supplemental payment of $60 million to T/PCCs for 2012/13
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261] || 10 May 2013 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/713 A/67/713], [https://undocs.org/a/67/956 A/67/956] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/749 A/67/749] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/67/10 SAG recommendations] including new methodology and 6.75% supplemental payment to T/PCCs for 2013/14
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] || 30 June 2014 || [https://undocs.org/a/68/813 A/68/813] || [https://undocs.org/A/68/859 A/68/859] || 1 July 2014 || '''1,332''' ||  ||  ||  || First survey under new methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2016 || '''1,365''' ||  ||  ||  ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2017 || '''1,410''' ||  ||  ||  || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/728 A/72/728] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/771 A/72/771] || 1 July 2018 || '''1,428''' ||  ||  ||  || Second survey under new methodology
|-
| || || [https://undocs.org/A/76/676 A/76/676] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/757 A/76/757] || 1 July 2022 || || || || || Third survey under new methodology
|}

== Withholding of reimbursement ==
The General Assembly authorized the withholding of reimbursement for disciplinary reasons, including [[sexual exploitation and abuse]], in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 resolution 65/289] of 30 June 2011&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 59&lt;/ref&gt;. In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 resolution 70/286] of 17 June 2016, the General Assembly decided that withheld reimbursements in substantiated cases of sexual exploitation and abuse would be transferred to the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 75: ''Highlights'' the importance of providing expeditious support to victims, notes with appreciation the establishment of the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, recalls paragraph 59 of its resolution 65/289, and decides  to  approve  the  transfer  of  withheld  payments  in  substantiated  cases  of sexual exploitation and abuse by civilian, military and police personnel to the Trust Fund;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>United Nations staff</title>
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    <text bytes="6153" xml:space="preserve">'''Staff members''' are a [[categories of personnel|category of United Nations personnel]] whose employment and contractual relationship are defined by a letter of appointment subject to regulations promulgated by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 101 of the [[United Nations Charter]]. 

The conditions of service and the basic rights, duties and obligations of staff are spelled out in the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. 

== Demographics ==
Information on the demographics of Secretariat staff members is presented in the annual report to the General Assembly on the [[composition of the Secretariat]].

== Appointment types ==
General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] authorized the use of three types of appointments in the United Nations under a single set of [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Rules]], effective 1 July 2009.  

The policy on staff selection is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/3 '''ST/AI/2010/3'''].

=== Temporary appointments ===
A temporary appointment is granted for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements, which are generally advertised using temporary job openings (TJOs). Temporary appointments may be renewed for up to one year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. A temporary appointment shall not be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12&lt;/ref&gt; A competitive selection process and the publication of a temporary job opening is only required for temporary appointments longer than three months in duration.

Staff members on temporary appointments are eligible for fewer benefits and allowances than staff on fixed-term or continuing appointments&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt; and accrue leave at a slower rate.

Staff members on temporary appointments filling a regular budget or [[extrabudgetary resources|extrabudgetary]] [[post]] cannot apply for or be appointed to their current post within six months of the end of their current service&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], section III.B paragraph 26&lt;/ref&gt;. A mandatory break in service, normally of 31 days, is required before a former staff member can be re-employed on a temporary appointment&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1], paragraph 5.2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The policy on administration of temporary appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 '''ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1'''].

=== Fixed-term appointments ===
A fixed-term appointment may be granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, and may be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. A fixed-term  appointment does not carry any expectancy of renewal or conversion, except for staff appointed upon successful completion of a competitive examination.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13&lt;/ref&gt;

Staff members on fixed-term appointments are appointed to a [[post]] but may serve temporarily against another post, including ones at a higher grade (see [[human resources terminology#Definitions|special post allowance]]). 

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instrction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 '''ST/AI/2013/1'''] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 '''Corr.1'''].

=== Continuing appointments ===
A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14&lt;/ref&gt;. The procedure and criteria for conversion of fixed-term appointments to continuing appointments are set out in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 '''ST/AI/2012/3'''].

== Former appointment types ==

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt; Following the adoption of resolution 63/250, staff members with permanent appointments as of 1 July 2009 remained on such appointments, and a one-time review of staff members eligible for conversion to permanent appointments before 1 July 2009 was conducted. 

== Cool-down periods ==

=== Interns and consultants ===
The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], decided that [[categories of personnel|interns, consultants and personnel provided on a non-reimbursable basis]] may not be appointed to posts in the Secretariat for a period of six months after the end of their service. In practice, this only applies to posts in the Professional category or those at the FS-6 or FS-7 levels. 

A cool-down period does not apply to junior professional officers or associate experts.

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
A United Nations Volunteer is eligible for appointment to a position in a mission other than the mission in which they are serving after 12 months of service. Otherwise, they are not eligible for appointment to a position in a mission for a period of six months after the end of their service.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <comment>/* Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives */ Corrected syntax errors in URLs for reports during the 74th session</comment>
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    <text bytes="15211" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 76 ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] || 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.&amp;nbsp;7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.7 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNMHA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.8 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (BINUH)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 76 || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/83 76/83] || 9 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/198 A/76/198]
|-
| 75 || No dedicated meeting due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Management Committee</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="3062" xml:space="preserve">The '''Management Committee''' was established in 2005 to consider internal reform and management-related issues requiring strategic direction from the Secretary-General.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/16 ST/SGB/2005/16] New mechanisms to strengthen the executive management of the United Nations Secretariat&lt;/ref&gt;

Its mandate was expanded in 2006 to follow up on and ensure implementation of the recommendations of oversight bodies such as the [[Board of Auditors]], [[Joint Inspection Unit]], and [[Office of Internal Oversight Services]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/14 ST/SGB/2006/14] Amendment to Secretary-General’s bulletin ST/SGB/2005/16&lt;/ref&gt; The terms of reference of the Committee are reflected in [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/3 ST/SGB/2011/3].

== Composition ==

As originally established, the Management Committee was chaired by the Secretary-General and included the following officials: 

* Deputy Secretary-General
* Chef de Cabinet
* Under-Secretary-General for Management
* Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs
* Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations
* Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management


As of 2022,&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/3/AMEND.2 ST/SGB/2011/3/Amend.2]&lt;/ref&gt; the Committee consists of the following officials:
* Chef de Cabinet (chair),
* Under-Secretary-General for [[DMSPC|Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]]
** Assistant Secretary-General for Human Resources
** Assistant Secretary-General for Programme Planning, Finance and Budget, Controller
* Under-Secretary-General for [[DOS|Operational Support]]
** Assistant Secretary-General for Support Operations
** Assistant Secretary-General for Supply Chain Management
** [[OICT|Chief Information Technology Officer]] (reports to USGs of both DMSPC and DOS)
* Under-Secretary-General for [[DSS|Safety and Security]]
* Under-Secretary-General for [[OCHA|Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator]]
* Under-Secretary-General for [[DESA|Economic and Social Affairs]]
* Under-Secretary-General for [[DGACM|General Assembly and Conference Management]]
* Under-Secretary-General for [[OLA|Legal Affairs and United Nations Legal Counsel]]
* Under-Secretary-General for [[DGC|Global Communications]]
* Assistant Secretary-General for [[DCO|Development Coordination]]
* One regional Assistant Secretary-General shared between the departments of [[DPPA|Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[DPO|Peace Operations]], on rotation 
* Coordinator of the [[regional commissions]] 
* Director-General of the [[United Nations Office at Geneva]]
* Director-General of the [[United Nations Office at Nairobi]]
* Director-General of the [[United Nations Office at Vienna]]

A related body that addresses management policy and procedures but which is more representative of the broader Secretariat is the [[Management Client Board]], established in 2019 as part of the [[management reform]].

== See also ==

* [[Executive Committee]]
* [[Senior Management Group]]

== References ==</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Organization of the Secretariat</title>
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    <text bytes="13461" xml:space="preserve">The [[administrative issuances|Secretary-General's Bulletin]] on the '''Organization of the Secretariat''' sets out the organizational structure of the Secretariat, the main coordination bodies, and the responsibilities of heads of departments/offices, programme managers and executive offices/administrative units. 

== Organization of the Secretariat ==
The current bulletin on the Organization of the Secretariat is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/3 '''ST/SGB/2015/3'''].

Previous bulletins:
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5], amended by [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/11 ST/SGB/2002/11]
* ST/SGB/Organization

== Departments and offices ==

=== Current departments and offices ===
The bulletins for current departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Current bulletin !! Previous bulletins&lt;ref&gt;i.e. those issued after the abolishment of the Organization Manual by ST/SGB/1997/5&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| Executive Office of the Secretary-General || EOSG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/18 ST/SGB/1998/18] || N/A ||  
|-
| Department for General Assembly and Conference Management || DGACM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2021/3 ST/SGB/2021/3]] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/9 ST/SGB/2005/9], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 ST/SGB/1997/6] || Renamed from Department of General Assembly and Conference Services
|- 
| [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] || DPPA || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019
|-
| Office for Disarmament Affairs || ODA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/8 ST/SGB/2008/8] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/12 ST/SGB/2004/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/10 ST/SGB/1998/10] ||
|-
| [[Department of Peace Operations]] || DPO || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019
|-
| [[Department of Operational Support]] || DOS || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019
|-
| Office of Legal Affairs || OLA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2021/1 ST/SGB/2021/1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/13 ST/SGB/2008/13], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/12 ST/SGB/2006/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/8 ST/SGB/1997/8] ||
|-
| Department of Economic and Social Affairs || DESA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/9 ST/SGB/1997/9] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development || UNCTAD || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/1 ST/SGB/1998/1] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme || UNEP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/21 ST/SGB/1999/21] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || UN-Habitat || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/14 ST/SGB/2002/14] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/22 ST/SGB/1999/22] || Renamed from United Nations Centre for Human Settlements on 1 January 2002&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/206 resolution 56/206]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Office on Drugs and Crime || UNODC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/6 ST/SGB/2004/6] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/17 ST/SGB/1998/17] || Renamed from United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention on 1 October 2002
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Africa || ECA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/12 ST/SGB/2005/12] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/4 ST/SGB/1998/4] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific || ESCAP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/11 ST/SGB/2005/11] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/12 ST/SGB/2000/12] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Europe || ECE || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/9 ST/SGB/2008/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/3 ST/SGB/1998/3] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean || ECLAC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/5 ST/SGB/2000/5] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia || ESCWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/7 ST/SGB/2010/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/16 ST/SGB/2002/16], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/1 ST/SGB/1999/1] ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || OHCHR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/10 ST/SGB/1997/10] || N/A ||
|-
| Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs || OCHA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/8 ST/SGB/1999/8] || N/A || Reorganized from the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) in 1998&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/950 A/51/950] Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Department of Global Communications || DGC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/10 ST/SGB/1999/10] || N/A || Renamed from Department of Public Information (DPI) on 1 January 2019
|-
| [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] || DMSPC || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019
|-
| United Nations Office at Geneva || UNOG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/4 ST/SGB/2000/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/14 ST/SGB/1999/14] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Vienna || UNOV || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/5 ST/SGB/2004/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/16 ST/SGB/1998/16] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Nairobi || UNON || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/3 ST/SGB/2009/3] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/7 ST/SGB/2008/7], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/13 ST/SGB/2000/13], ST/SGB/1999/20 ||
|-
| Office of Internal Oversight Services || OIOS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/7 ST/SGB/2002/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/2 ST/SGB/1998/2] ||
|-
| Department of Safety and Security || DSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] (OCSS), section 5 || Also referred to as UNDSS
|-
| Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States || OHRLLS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2020/2 ST/SGB/2020/2] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2007/7 ST/SGB/2007/7] ||
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser on Africa || OSAA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/6 ST/SGB/2003/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict || OSRSG CAAC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict || OSRSG SVC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Ethics Office || N/A || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/22 ST/SGB/2005/22] || N/A ||
|- 
| United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services || UNOMS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/12 ST/SGB/2002/12] ||
|-
| Office of Administration of Justice || OAJ || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/3 ST/SGB/2010/3] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Partnerships || UNOP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/14 ST/SGB/2009/14] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction || UNDRR || N/A || N/A || Short form was UNISDR until April 2019&lt;ref&gt;Memo from CdC to SRSG DRR, dated 8 April 2019&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Development Coordination Office]] || DCO || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019
|-
| Office for Outer Space Affairs || UNOOSA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2020/1 ST/SGB/2020/1]] || N/A || 
|}

=== Departments and offices formerly part of the Secretariat ===
The bulletins for entities no longer considered part of the Secretariat are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || UNRWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/6 ST/SGB/2000/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || UNHCR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/9 ST/SGB/1998/9] || N/A ||
|}

=== Defunct departments and offices ===
The bulletins for select defunct departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| [[Department of Political Affairs ]] || DPA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13 ST/SGB/2009/13] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/10 ST/SGB/2000/10], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/14 ST/SGB/1998/14], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/7 ST/SGB/1997/7] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] || DPKO || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/1 ST/SGB/2010/2] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Field Support]] || DFS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2] || N/A || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Management]] || DM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/8 ST/SGB/2005/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/15 ST/SGB/2003/15], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/11 ST/SGB/1997/11] || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts || OPPBA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/13 ST/SGB/1998/13] || 
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Human Resources Management || OHRM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/8 ST/SGB/2004/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/12 ST/SGB/1998/12] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Central Support Services || OCSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Information and Communications Technology || OICT || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] || N/A || New OICT reports to [[DMSPC]] and [[DOS]]
|-
| Peacebuilding Support Office || PBSO || N/A || N/A || Merged into new [[DPPA]]
|-
| United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace || UNOSDP || N/A || N/A || Closed in 2017
|}

== Organizational nomenclature ==
The norms established for organizational nomenclature&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV; although this ST/AI was abolished with the issuance of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5], no new guidance on organizational nomenclature has since been issued.&lt;/ref&gt; are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! Level
! Element
! Description
|-
| 1
| Department, Secretariat or Office
| A minimum of 30 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an Under-Secretary-General. For regional commissions, the title of Executive Secretary is used.&lt;ref&gt;As noted in paragraph 6 of [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6], “In addition to the use of the terms secretariat, office and centre to designated hierarchical levels 1 and 2 respectively, it was recognized that these terms would have to continue to be used on the basis of established practice (e.g. United Nations Information Centres) or to designate the immediate staff attached to senior officials of the Secretariat or bodies such as functional commissions, boards, committees, etc. The working group recommended, however, and the Secretary-General has agreed that the use of the term “office” in the generic sense should be limited to use only at hierarchical level 3 (division) and above.”&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2
| Centre
| A minimum of 20 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-2 level, and exceptionally at the ASG level. The term is to be used in exceptional circumstances, e.g., as a result of a decision of the General Assembly or other organs.
|-
| 3
| Division
| A minimum of 15 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Director at the D-2 level. (For regional commissions, a minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Chief at the D-1 level.)
|-
| 4
| Branch/Service
| A minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-1 level with the title “Head of Branch”. The term “Service” is to be used for elements whose work is essentially of an administrative support or service nature. The terms “Branch/Service” should not be used in the regional commissions.
|-
| 5
| Section
| A minimum of four posts in the Professional category, headed by a Chief at the P-5 or P-4 level.
|-
| 6
| Unit
| A minimum of four posts and headed by Chief of Unit. For use of the term, there should be a demonstrated need for a designated supervisor and for recognition outside the department/office.
|}

In cases where an organizational element meets the criterion of number of posts, but the level of the head is above the criteria for that level, more weight should be given to number of posts than to level of head.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Administrative issuances]]
=== Documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/32/17 A/C.5/32/17] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409], Annex: Guidelines for the preparation of ST/SGB/Organization

== References ==

[[category:Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="13932" xml:space="preserve">The [[administrative issuances|Secretary-General's Bulletin]] on the '''Organization of the Secretariat''' sets out the organizational structure of the Secretariat, the main coordination bodies, and the responsibilities of heads of departments/offices, programme managers and executive offices/administrative units. 

== Organization of the Secretariat ==
The current bulletin on the Organization of the Secretariat is [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/3 '''ST/SGB/2015/3'''].

Previous bulletins:
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5], amended by [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2002/11 ST/SGB/2002/11]
* ST/SGB/Organization

== Departments and offices ==

=== Current departments and offices ===
The bulletins for current departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Current bulletin !! Previous bulletins&lt;ref&gt;i.e. those issued after the abolishment of the Organization Manual by ST/SGB/1997/5&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| Executive Office of the Secretary-General || EOSG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/18 ST/SGB/1998/18] || N/A ||  
|-
| Department for General Assembly and Conference Management || DGACM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2021/3 ST/SGB/2021/3]] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/9 ST/SGB/2005/9], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 ST/SGB/1997/6] || Renamed from Department of General Assembly and Conference Services
|- 
| [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] || DPPA || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019 as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| Office for Disarmament Affairs || ODA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/8 ST/SGB/2008/8] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/12 ST/SGB/2004/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/10 ST/SGB/1998/10] ||
|-
| [[Department of Peace Operations]] || DPO || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019 as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Operational Support]] || DOS || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019 as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| Office of Legal Affairs || OLA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2021/1 ST/SGB/2021/1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/13 ST/SGB/2008/13], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/12 ST/SGB/2006/12], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/8 ST/SGB/1997/8] ||
|-
| Department of Economic and Social Affairs || DESA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/9 ST/SGB/1997/9] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development || UNCTAD || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/1 ST/SGB/1998/1] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme || UNEP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/21 ST/SGB/1999/21] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || UN-Habitat || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/14 ST/SGB/2002/14] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/22 ST/SGB/1999/22] || Renamed from United Nations Centre for Human Settlements on 1 January 2002&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/206 resolution 56/206]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Office on Drugs and Crime || UNODC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/6 ST/SGB/2004/6] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/17 ST/SGB/1998/17] || Renamed from United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention on 1 October 2002
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Africa || ECA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/12 ST/SGB/2005/12] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/4 ST/SGB/1998/4] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific || ESCAP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/11 ST/SGB/2005/11] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/12 ST/SGB/2000/12] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Europe || ECE || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/9 ST/SGB/2008/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/3 ST/SGB/1998/3] ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean || ECLAC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/5 ST/SGB/2000/5] || N/A ||
|-
| Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia || ESCWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/7 ST/SGB/2010/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/16 ST/SGB/2002/16], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/1 ST/SGB/1999/1] ||
|-
| [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] || OHCHR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/10 ST/SGB/1997/10] || N/A ||
|-
| [[Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] || OCHA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/8 ST/SGB/1999/8] || N/A || Reorganized from the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) in 1998&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/51/950 A/51/950] Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Department of Global Communications || DGC || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/10 ST/SGB/1999/10] || N/A || Renamed from Department of Public Information (DPI) on 1 January 2019
|-
| [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] || DMSPC || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019 as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| United Nations Office at Geneva || UNOG || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/4 ST/SGB/2000/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1999/14 ST/SGB/1999/14] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Vienna || UNOV || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/5 ST/SGB/2004/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/16 ST/SGB/1998/16] ||
|-
| United Nations Office at Nairobi || UNON || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/3 ST/SGB/2009/3] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2008/7 ST/SGB/2008/7], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/13 ST/SGB/2000/13], ST/SGB/1999/20 ||
|-
| Office of Internal Oversight Services || OIOS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/7 ST/SGB/2002/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/2 ST/SGB/1998/2] ||
|-
| Department of Safety and Security || DSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] (OCSS), section 5 || Also referred to as UNDSS
|-
| Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States || OHRLLS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2020/2 ST/SGB/2020/2] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2007/7 ST/SGB/2007/7] ||
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser on Africa || OSAA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/6 ST/SGB/2003/6] || N/A ||
|-
| [[Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict]] || OSRSG CAAC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| [[Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict]] || OSRSG SVC || N/A || N/A ||
|-
| Ethics Office || N/A || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/22 ST/SGB/2005/22] || N/A ||
|- 
| United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services || UNOMS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2002/12 ST/SGB/2002/12] ||
|-
| Office of Administration of Justice || OAJ || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/3 ST/SGB/2010/3] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Partnerships || UNOP || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/14 ST/SGB/2009/14] || N/A ||
|-
| United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction || UNDRR || N/A || N/A || Short form was UNISDR until April 2019&lt;ref&gt;Memo from CdC to SRSG DRR, dated 8 April 2019&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Development Coordination Office]] || DCO || N/A || N/A || Established 1 January 2019
|-
| Office for Outer Space Affairs || UNOOSA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2020/1 ST/SGB/2020/1]] || N/A || 
|}

=== Departments and offices formerly part of the Secretariat ===
The bulletins for entities no longer considered part of the Secretariat are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || UNRWA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/6 ST/SGB/2000/6] || N/A ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || UNHCR || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/9 ST/SGB/1998/9] || N/A ||
|}

=== Defunct departments and offices ===
The bulletins for select defunct departments and offices are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Department !! Short form !! Final bulletin !! Previous bulletins !! Notes
|-
| [[Department of Administration and Management]] || DAM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/255 ST/SGB/255] ||  || Reorganized into [[Department of Management]] in 1997
|-
| [[Department of Field Support]] || DFS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/2 ST/SGB/2010/2] || N/A || Reorganized as part of the [[management reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Political Affairs ]] || DPA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13 ST/SGB/2009/13] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/13/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/10 ST/SGB/2000/10], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/14 ST/SGB/1998/14], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/7 ST/SGB/1997/7] || Reorganized as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]] || DPKO || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/1 ST/SGB/2010/2] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2000/9 ST/SGB/2000/9] || Reorganized as part of the [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| [[Department of Management]] || DM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2010/9 ST/SGB/2010/9] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2005/8 ST/SGB/2005/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/15 ST/SGB/2003/15], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/11 ST/SGB/1997/11] || Reorganized as part of [[management reform]]
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts || OPPBA || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2003/16 ST/SGB/2003/16] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/13 ST/SGB/1998/13] || 
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Human Resources Management || OHRM || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2011/4 ST/SGB/2011/4] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2004/8 ST/SGB/2004/8], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/12 ST/SGB/1998/12] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Central Support Services || OCSS || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/1 ST/SGB/2013/1] || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1998/11 ST/SGB/1998/11] ||
|-
| Department of Management: Office of Information and Communications Technology || OICT || [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/11 ST/SGB/2016/11] || N/A || OICT now has dual reporting line to [[DMSPC]] and [[DOS]] following the [[management reform]]
|-
| Peacebuilding Support Office || PBSO || N/A || N/A || No longer exists as standalone entity; merged into new [[DPPA]] as part of [[peace and security reform]]
|-
| United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace || UNOSDP || N/A || N/A || Closed in 2017
|}

== Organizational nomenclature ==
The norms established for organizational nomenclature&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV; although this ST/AI was abolished with the issuance of [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5], no new guidance on organizational nomenclature has since been issued.&lt;/ref&gt; are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! Level
! Element
! Description
|-
| 1
| Department, Secretariat or Office
| A minimum of 30 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an Under-Secretary-General. For regional commissions, the title of Executive Secretary is used.&lt;ref&gt;As noted in paragraph 6 of [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6], “In addition to the use of the terms secretariat, office and centre to designated hierarchical levels 1 and 2 respectively, it was recognized that these terms would have to continue to be used on the basis of established practice (e.g. United Nations Information Centres) or to designate the immediate staff attached to senior officials of the Secretariat or bodies such as functional commissions, boards, committees, etc. The working group recommended, however, and the Secretary-General has agreed that the use of the term “office” in the generic sense should be limited to use only at hierarchical level 3 (division) and above.”&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2
| Centre
| A minimum of 20 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-2 level, and exceptionally at the ASG level. The term is to be used in exceptional circumstances, e.g., as a result of a decision of the General Assembly or other organs.
|-
| 3
| Division
| A minimum of 15 posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Director at the D-2 level. (For regional commissions, a minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by a Chief at the D-1 level.)
|-
| 4
| Branch/Service
| A minimum of eight posts in the Professional category and above, headed by an officer at the D-1 level with the title “Head of Branch”. The term “Service” is to be used for elements whose work is essentially of an administrative support or service nature. The terms “Branch/Service” should not be used in the regional commissions.
|-
| 5
| Section
| A minimum of four posts in the Professional category, headed by a Chief at the P-5 or P-4 level.
|-
| 6
| Unit
| A minimum of four posts and headed by Chief of Unit. For use of the term, there should be a demonstrated need for a designated supervisor and for recognition outside the department/office.
|}

In cases where an organizational element meets the criterion of number of posts, but the level of the head is above the criteria for that level, more weight should be given to number of posts than to level of head.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409] Restructuring of Secretariat departments and offices, Appendix IV&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Administrative issuances]]
=== Documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/32/17 A/C.5/32/17] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/33/6 A/C.5/33/6] Organizational nomenclature in the Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/409 ST/AI/409], Annex: Guidelines for the preparation of ST/SGB/Organization

== References ==

[[category:Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Resident coordinator system</title>
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    <text bytes="3336" xml:space="preserve">The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the resident coordinator system. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

== Structure ==
The resident coordinator system consists of global, regional and country-level coordination structures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''
** Individual [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]

== Financing ==

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of [[official development assistance]] (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

== ECOSOC reports ==
An annual report on the work and functioning of the Development Coordination Office is submitted by the Chair of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (the Deputy Secretary-General) to ECOSOC. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>2e4cad0e869f8ad46bcc15c383ed64ca2a8ae554</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <id>902</id>
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    <comment>/* ECOSOC reports */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3389" xml:space="preserve">The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the resident coordinator system. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

== Structure ==
The resident coordinator system consists of global, regional and country-level coordination structures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''
** Individual [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]

== Financing ==

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of [[official development assistance]] (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

== ECOSOC reports ==
An annual report on the work and functioning of the Development Coordination Office is submitted by the Chair of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (the Deputy Secretary-General) to ECOSOC. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2022/54 E/2022/54] ||  ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</title>
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    <comment>Redirected page to [[Humanitarian country team]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="39" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Humanitarian country team]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Overview report</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="3990" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance year !! Budget request year !! Cross-cutting resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/760 A/76/760] || 2020/21 || 2022/23 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/822 A/75/822] || 2019/20 || 2021/22 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/737 A/74/737] || 2018/19 || 2020/21 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/755 A/73/755] || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/789 A/72/789] || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/836 A/71/836] || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/742 A/70/742] || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/839 A/69/839] || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/307 67/307] || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/782 A/68/782] || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/780 A/67/780] || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || [https://undocs.org/a/66/718 A/66/718] || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || [https://undocs.org/a/65/743 A/65/743] || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || [https://undocs.org/a/64/660 A/64/660] || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/259] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || [https://undocs.org/a/62/781 A/62/781] || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || [https://undocs.org/a/61/852 A/61/852] || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/60/880 A/60/880] || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || [https://undocs.org/a/58/759 A/58/759] || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772] || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>1c55174b0bf38e4f4b99edbe192a43147a587586</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>23</id>
  <revision>
    <id>900</id>
    <parentid>831</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-05-13T13:24:47Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Budget requests for programmatic activities */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6225" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Note by the Secretary-General [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: Report of the ACABQ [https://undocs.org/A/60/929 A/60/929]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]].

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

In responding to these requests, Secretary-General included the following information in the peacekeeping overview report for 2020/21, saying:

: When a mission decides to implement programmatic activities through an implementing partner that is not part of the Secretariat, the accountability framework is provided by entering into a standard memorandum of understanding, included in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations-Department of Field Support guidelines of November 2017 (annex F). Under the memorandum of understanding, the responsibilities of the implementing  partners  and  their  reporting  obligations  towards  the  missions  are established. These include a calendar for submitting to the mission substantive and financial reports on the implementation of services and related outputs, achievements and financial outcome. It is also required under the memorandum of understanding that implementing partners comply with its internal and external audit procedures as set out in its financial regulations and rules and that, on that basis, the mission and the  implementing  partners  should  cooperate  to  rectify  any  issues  with  respect  to activities relating to the funds provided by the mission under the memorandum of understanding. Furthermore, with respect to accountability standards, the template memorandum  of  understanding  includes  the  provisions  regarding  due  care  and diligence  in  the  performance  of  services  by  the  implementing  partners  and  the responsibility for claims brought by any third party. The Secretariat has disseminated the memorandum of understanding to all missions and provides them with technical assistance, when requested, in collaboration with relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], section XVII, paragraph 266&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2022/23 || 201,232,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717], Annex VIII
|-
| 2021/22 || 193,767,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786], Annex VIII
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>cd80551b8a01782c0c73e371d2a6d0597a6cec39</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Document symbol</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>96</id>
  <revision>
    <id>903</id>
    <parentid>704</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-06-06T14:02:48Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* General Assembly documents with standardized symbols */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8411" xml:space="preserve">The '''document symbol''' is the unique identifier assigned to every [[official document|official United Nations document]]. It identifies the organ associated with the document as well as the type of document.

== Syntax ==
Each document symbol has a number of components, separated by forward slashes (/). The first component identifies the associated organ, as such:
* '''A''':	General Assembly
* '''S''':	Security Council
* '''E''':	Economic and Social Council
* '''ST''':	Secretariat

The final component of the document symbol can be one or more of the following modifiers:
* Addendum
*: '''/Add.'''(number)
* Amendment: Alteration by decision of a competent authority, of a portion of an adopted formal text
*: '''/Amend.'''(number)	
* Corrigendum 
*: '''/Corr.'''(number)
* Revision (replacing texts previously issued)
*: '''/Rev.'''(number)
* Reissuance of a document for technical reasons
*: '''*'''	

=== General Assembly documents ===

* Report
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''A/RES/'''(session)'''/'''(resolution number)&lt;ref&gt;Before 1976, resolution numbers were not reset each session, and the symbol followed the following syntax: '''A/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(session number in roman numerals)''')'''&lt;/ref&gt;
* Proposal
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Official record
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/PV.'''(meeting number)

* Committee document
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Committee proposal
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Committee summary record
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/SR.'''(meeting number)

* Subsidiary body document
*: '''A/AC.'''(subsidiary body number)'''/'''(year)'''/'''(document number)&lt;ref&gt;For a list of subsidiary bodies and their numbers, see [https://undocs.org/ST/LIB/SER.B/5/Rev.5]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== General Assembly documents with standardized symbols ====
Some General Assembly documents are issued regularly with the same number, in the format '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number). These are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number   !! Report !! In use !! Notes
|-
| 1	|| Report of the Secretary-General of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 2 	|| Report of the Security Council || Yes ||
|-
| 3 	|| Report of the Economic and Social Council || Yes ||
|-
| 4 	|| Report of the International Court of Justice || Yes ||
|-
| 5 	|| Report of the [[Board of Auditors]] || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes (Vol.###)
|-
| 6 	|| Proposed [[programme budget]] || Yes || Issued in multiple sections (Sect.###) and income sections (Income Sect.###)
|-
| 6/Add.1 || Programme budget || Yes || This presents the budget as approved by the GA
|-
| 7 	|| Report of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] || Yes || Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 8	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || Yes || UN Habitat
|-
| 9	|| Report of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board || Yes ||
|-
| 10	|| Report of the International Law Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 11	|| Report of the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]] || Yes ||
|-
| 12	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || Yes ||
|-
| 13	|| Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || Yes || UNRWA
|-
| 14	||  || No ||
|-
| 15	||  || No ||
|-
| 16	|| Report of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] || Yes ||
|-
| 17	|| Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law || Yes ||
|-
| 18	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination || Yes ||
|-
| 19	|| Report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] || Yes || a.k.a. C34
|-
| 20	|| Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space || Yes ||
|-
| 21	|| Report of the Committee on Information || Yes ||
|-
| 23	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples || Yes || a.k.a C24
|-
| 24	|| Report of the United Nations Council for Namibia || No || Body defunct
|-
| 25	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme || No ||	Document now issued under UNEP symbol
|-
| 26	|| Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country || Yes ||
|-
| 27	|| Report of the Conference on Disarmament || Yes ||
|-
| 28	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference || No || Body defunct
|-
| 29	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean || Yes ||
|-
| 30	|| Report of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] || Yes ||
|-
| 32	|| Report of the Committee on Conferences || Yes ||
|-
| 33	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and the Strengthening of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 34	|| Report of the Joint Inspection Unit || Yes ||
|-
| 35	|| Report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People || Yes ||
|-
| 36	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || Yes ||
|-
| 37	|| Report of the Intergovernmental Committee on Science and Technology for Development || No || body defunct
|-
| 38	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women || Yes ||
|-
| 39	|| Report of the High-level Committee on the Review of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries || No || Later reports issued under TCDC symbol
|-
| 40	|| Report of the Human Rights Committee || Yes ||
|-
| 41	|| Report of the Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Principle of Non-Use of Force in International Relations || No || Body defunct
|-
| 42	|| Report of the Disarmament Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 43	||  ||  ||
|-
| 44	|| Report of the Committee against Torture || Yes ||
|-
| 45	||  ||  ||
|-
| 46	|| Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation || Yes ||
|-
| 47	||  ||  ||
|-
| 48	|| Report of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers And their Familes || Yes ||
|-
| 49	|| Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the General Assembly || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 50	|| Preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda  || Yes ||
|-
| 51	||  ||  ||
|-
| 52	||  ||  ||
|-
| 53	|| Report of the Human Rights Council || Yes ||
|-
| 54	||  ||  ||
|-
| 55	|| Report of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities || Yes ||
|-
| 56	|| Report of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances || Yes ||
|-
| 100	|| Annotated preliminary lists of items to be included in the provisional agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 150	|| Provisional agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 200	|| List of supplementary items proposed for inclusion in the agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 250	|| Organization of the ### regular session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 251 || Agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly
|-
| 251/Rev.1  || Agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly and the resolutions and decisions adopted under each item  || Yes || 
|-
| 252 || Allocation of agenda items for the ### session of the General Assembly
|-
| 300	|| Notification by the Secretary-General under Article 12, paragraph 2, of the Charter || Yes ||
|}

=== Security Council documents ===
* Document
*: '''S/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''S/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(year)''')'''
* Presidential statement
*: '''S/PRST/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Meeting records
*: '''S/PV.'''(meeting number)

=== Secretariat documents ===
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/SGB/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/AI/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances#Information circulars|Information circular]]
*: '''ST/IC/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Assessment of Member States
*: '''ST/ADM/SER.B/'''(number)

== Accessing documents ==
Official documents can be located through the Official Document System (ODS) website: [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org]. 

If you know the document symbol of the official document you are looking for, you can access it directly from [https://undocs.org undocs.org]/(document symbol)

== See also ==
* [[Official document]]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>bf25cf444621447500183b3aef0b1079651a506e</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20211224210742|856">
  <title>Safety and security</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>201</id>
  <revision>
    <id>904</id>
    <parentid>800</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-06-17T20:17:08Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Annual report */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10600" xml:space="preserve">Under the [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Regulations]], the Secretary-General shall seek to ensure "that all necessary '''safety and security''' arrangements are made for staff carrying out the responsibilities entrusted to them"&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 1.2(c)&lt;/ref&gt;. The current framework for safety and security in the [[United Nations system]] was established by the General Assembly in section XI of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276], which established both the '''Department of Safety and Security''' (DSS) and the '''United Nations security management system''' (UNSMS).

== Security management system ==
The UN security management system consists of the policies and structures in place to ensure the safety and security of UN personnel and property. 

=== Framework of accountability ===
The framework of accountability establishes the roles and responsibilities within the security management system&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter II&lt;/ref&gt;. These include:
* '''The Secretary-General'''
: Chief administrative officer of the Organization; accountable for the overall safety and security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets.

* '''Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security'''
: Appointed by the Secretary-General under the terms of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276]. Oversees DSS and exercises delegated authority from the Secretary-General to make decisions relevant to the direction and control of the UNSMS.

* '''Designated official'''
: The most senior United Nations official present in a country, the DO is accountable to the Secretary-General, through the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security, for the security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets within the country or designated area.

* '''Chief Security Adviser'''
: Security professional appointed by the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security to advise the DO on matters of safety and security. 

* '''Security Management Team'''
: Country-level security coordination mechanism chaired by the DO and which includes the heads of each [[United Nations system]] organization present at the duty station as well as the chief security adviser. 

* '''Inter-Agency Security Management Network'''
: Main governance mechanism for the UNSMS. Subsidiary body of the High-Level Committee on Management consisting of the senior managers overseeing security functions within each member organization of the UNSMS. 

=== Applicability ===
[[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] covered by United Nations security arrangements include staff members and eligible family members, interns, United Nations Volunteers, consultants and individually-deployed military and police personnel. Military and police contingents (troops and members of formed police units) are covered under separate mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter III&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Security risk management policy ===
The security risk management policy is a structured approach to identifying harmful events (threats) that may affect the achievement of objectives, assessing the likelihood and impact of those threats and identifying an appropriate response. The combination of likelihood and impact translates into five levels of security risk: low, medium, high, very high and unacceptable. The policy outlines the four approaches to addressing security risks, namely controlling risk, avoiding risk, transferring risk and accepting risk. &lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter IV&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Programme criticality ===
The purpose of the programme criticality framework is to assess programmatic priorities in changing or volatile security situations. The responsibility for programme criticality lies with the senior United Nations representative in country responsible for programmes (i.e. the resident coordinator or Special Representative of the Secretary-General).

== Annual report ==
An annual report is issued by the Secretary-General on safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel, which is considered under the plenary agenda item "Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations". Prior to the 53rd session, this information was contained in a report to the [[Fifth Committee]] on respect for the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] of officials of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and related organizations.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report   !! Year !! Resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/334 A/76/334] || 2020-21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/127 76/127] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/246 A/75/246] || 2019-20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/125 75/125] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/464 A/74/464] || 2018-19 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/116 74/116] ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/392 A/73/392], [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.2 Corr.2] || 2017-18 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/137 73/137] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/490 A/72/490] || 2016-17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/131 72/131] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/395 A/71/395] || 2015-16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/129 71/129] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/383 A/70/383] || 2014-15 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/104 70/104] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/69/406 A/69/406] || 2013-14 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/133 69/133] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/489 A/68/489] || 2012-13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/101 68/101] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/492 A/67/492] || 2011-12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/85 67/85] ||
|}

== Armed private security ==
In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of additional capacities to protect United Nations personnel and premises. In addition to the longstanding practice of engaging unarmed local contractors to secure premises, the United Nations has also, at times, considered the deployment of [[guard units]] or the engagement of armed private security companies. 

The following four criteria govern the use of armed private security companies:
# The decision to contract an armed private security company should be taken in accordance with existing approval processes and accountability mechanisms for all security-related decisions;
# The United Nations should use services provided by armed private security companies only to cover guarding of personnel at United Nations facilities and mobile armed escorts;
# An armed private security company contracted by the United Nations should come under the clear authority and direction of the appropriate organization of the United Nations system with specific policies and guidelines for the United Nations security management system;
# In procuring the services of an armed private security company, the United Nations should ensure adherence to the Financial Regulations and Rules and procurement policies and procedures and should choose only companies that meet agreed criteria according to the established vetting standards and mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

The General Assembly, in section V of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254] stressed that armed private security services should only be use as a last resort to enable United Nations activities in high-risk environments only when a United Nations security risk assessment concludes that other alternatives, including protection by the host country, support from the Member States concerned or internal United Nations system resources are inadequate.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254], section V paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Background ===
In 2010, the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination drew attention to the lack of accountability mechanisms for mercenaries, private military and security companies and their personnel. It noted that the United Nations lacked a system-wide policy on where and in what conditions it will hire private military and security companies,  and on the associated oversight system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325], section II&lt;/ref&gt;

In response, a policy on armed private security companies was established in 2012 and included in chapter IV of the [[safety and security|UNSMS]] security policy manual; this was accompanied by guidelines on the use of armed security sevices from private security companies. The guidelines enumerate the services which may be contracted from an armed private security company, criteria for consideration of the use of armed private security, the decision making framework, selection process, considerations regarding use of force and standard operating procedures, training standards and management and oversight.&lt;ref&gt;UNSMS Security Management Operations Manual&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539] Use of private security: Report of the Secretary-General
** [https://undocs.org/A/67/623 A/67/624] Use of private security: Report of the ACABQ
* [https://www.un.org/en/pdfs/undss-unsms_policy_ebook.pdf United Nations Security Management System: Security Policy Manual] (PDF)

'''Reports of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination:'''
* [https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325] 
* [https://undocs.org/a/69/338 A/69/338] 
:: This is a dedicated report on the use of private military and security companies by the United Nations
* [https://undocs.org/A/HRC/48/51 A/HRC/48/51] Impact of the use of private military and security services in humanitarian action

== See also ==
* [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf Report on Improving Security of United Nations Peacekeepers] (19 December 2017), i.e. "Santos Cruz report" 
* [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|Privileges and immunities]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [https://www.un.org/undss/sites/www.un.org.undss/files/general/unsms_policy_ebook_updated_as_of_7_mar_2019_0.pdf UN Security Policy Manual]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] Organization of the Department of Safety and Security

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Legal]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10578" xml:space="preserve">Under the [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Regulations]], the Secretary-General shall seek to ensure "that all necessary '''safety and security''' arrangements are made for staff carrying out the responsibilities entrusted to them"&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 1.2(c)&lt;/ref&gt;. The current framework for safety and security in the [[United Nations system]] was established by the General Assembly in section XI of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276], which established both the '''Department of Safety and Security''' (DSS) and the '''United Nations security management system''' (UNSMS).

== Security management system ==
The UN security management system consists of the policies and structures in place to ensure the safety and security of UN personnel and property. 

=== Framework of accountability ===
The framework of accountability establishes the roles and responsibilities within the security management system&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter II&lt;/ref&gt;. These include:
* '''The Secretary-General'''
: Chief administrative officer of the Organization; accountable for the overall safety and security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets.

* '''Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security'''
: Appointed by the Secretary-General under the terms of [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/276 resolution 59/276]. Oversees DSS and exercises delegated authority from the Secretary-General to make decisions relevant to the direction and control of the UNSMS.

* '''Designated official'''
: The most senior United Nations official present in a country, the DO is accountable to the Secretary-General, through the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security, for the security of United Nations personnel, premises and assets within the country or designated area.

* '''Chief Security Adviser'''
: Security professional appointed by the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security to advise the DO on matters of safety and security. 

* '''Security Management Team'''
: Country-level security coordination mechanism chaired by the DO and which includes the heads of each [[United Nations system]] organization present at the duty station as well as the chief security adviser. 

* '''Inter-Agency Security Management Network'''
: Main governance mechanism for the UNSMS. Subsidiary body of the High-Level Committee on Management consisting of the senior managers overseeing security functions within each member organization of the UNSMS. 

=== Applicability ===
[[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] covered by United Nations security arrangements include staff members and eligible family members, interns, United Nations Volunteers, consultants and individually-deployed military and police personnel. Military and police contingents (troops and members of formed police units) are covered under separate mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter III&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Security risk management policy ===
The security risk management policy is a structured approach to identifying harmful events (threats) that may affect the achievement of objectives, assessing the likelihood and impact of those threats and identifying an appropriate response. The combination of likelihood and impact translates into five levels of security risk: low, medium, high, very high and unacceptable. The policy outlines the four approaches to addressing security risks, namely controlling risk, avoiding risk, transferring risk and accepting risk. &lt;ref&gt;UN Security Policy Manual, Chapter IV&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Programme criticality ===
The purpose of the programme criticality framework is to assess programmatic priorities in changing or volatile security situations. The responsibility for programme criticality lies with the senior United Nations representative in country responsible for programmes (i.e. the resident coordinator or Special Representative of the Secretary-General).

== Annual report ==
An annual report is issued by the Secretary-General on safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel, which is considered under the plenary agenda item "Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations". Prior to the 53rd session, this information was contained in a report to the [[Fifth Committee]] on respect for the [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|privileges and immunities]] of officials of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and related organizations.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report   !! Year !! Resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/334 A/76/334] || 2020-21 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/127 76/127] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/246 A/75/246] || 2019-20 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/125 75/125] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/464 A/74/464] || 2018-19 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/116 74/116] ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/392 A/73/392], [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/392/corr.2 Corr.2] || 2017-18 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/137 73/137] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/490 A/72/490] || 2016-17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/131 72/131] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/395 A/71/395] || 2015-16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/129 71/129] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/70/383 A/70/383] || 2014-15 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/104 70/104] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/69/406 A/69/406] || 2013-14 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/133 69/133] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/68/489 A/68/489] || 2012-13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/101 68/101] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/492 A/67/492] || 2011-12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/85 67/85] ||
|}

== Armed private security ==
In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of additional capacities to protect United Nations personnel and premises. In addition to the longstanding practice of engaging unarmed local contractors to secure premises, the United Nations has also, at times, considered the deployment of [[guard units]] or the engagement of armed private security companies. 

The following four criteria govern the use of armed private security companies:
# The decision to contract an armed private security company should be taken in accordance with existing approval processes and accountability mechanisms for all security-related decisions;
# The United Nations should use services provided by armed private security companies only to cover guarding of personnel at United Nations facilities and mobile armed escorts;
# An armed private security company contracted by the United Nations should come under the clear authority and direction of the appropriate organization of the United Nations system with specific policies and guidelines for the United Nations security management system;
# In procuring the services of an armed private security company, the United Nations should ensure adherence to the Financial Regulations and Rules and procurement policies and procedures and should choose only companies that meet agreed criteria according to the established vetting standards and mechanisms.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539], paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;

The General Assembly, in section V of its [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254] stressed that armed private security services should only be use as a last resort to enable United Nations activities in high-risk environments only when a United Nations security risk assessment concludes that other alternatives, including protection by the host country, support from the Member States concerned or internal United Nations system resources are inadequate.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/254 resolution 67/254], section V paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Background ===
In 2010, the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination drew attention to the lack of accountability mechanisms for mercenaries, private military and security companies and their personnel. It noted that the United Nations lacked a system-wide policy on where and in what conditions it will hire private military and security companies,  and on the associated oversight system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325], section II&lt;/ref&gt;

In response, a policy on armed private security companies was established in 2012 and included in chapter IV of the [[safety and security|UNSMS]] security policy manual; this was accompanied by guidelines on the use of armed security sevices from private security companies. The guidelines enumerate the services which may be contracted from an armed private security company, criteria for consideration of the use of armed private security, the decision making framework, selection process, considerations regarding use of force and standard operating procedures, training standards and management and oversight.&lt;ref&gt;UNSMS Security Management Operations Manual&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Key documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/67/539 A/67/539] Use of private security: Report of the Secretary-General
** [https://undocs.org/A/67/623 A/67/624] Use of private security: Report of the ACABQ
* [https://www.un.org/en/pdfs/undss-unsms_policy_ebook.pdf United Nations Security Management System: Security Policy Manual] (PDF)

'''Reports of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination:'''
* [https://undocs.org/A/65/325 A/65/325] 
* [https://undocs.org/a/69/338 A/69/338] 
:: This is a dedicated report on the use of private military and security companies by the United Nations
* [https://undocs.org/A/HRC/48/51 A/HRC/48/51] Impact of the use of private military and security services in humanitarian action

== See also ==
* [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf Report on Improving Security of United Nations Peacekeepers] (19 December 2017), i.e. "Santos Cruz report" 
* [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations|Privileges and immunities]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2020/09/undss-security_policy_manual_e-book.pdf UN Security Policy Manual]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/5 ST/SGB/2013/5] Organization of the Department of Safety and Security

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Legal]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Cross-cutting resolutions</title>
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    <text bytes="7600" xml:space="preserve">Since the late 1980s, the General Assembly has routinely adopted resolutions covering '''cross-cutting''' issues related to '''administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations''' separate from the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] for individual missions.

The main report considered by cross-cutting resolutions are the annual [[overview report|report on the overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations]].

== List of resolutions ==

The following includes all resolutions titled "administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations" until the 58th session and all resolutions titled "cross-cutting issues" from the 59th session onwards.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notable elements
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/274 76/274] || 29 June 2022 ||
|-
| 75 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 74 || No resolution || || 
|-
| 73 || No resolution || || ''Identical paragraphs related to oversight body recommendations and risk management and internal controls inserted into all mission financing resolutions. &lt;br /&gt;Identical paragraphs on [[programmatic activities]] also inserted into financing resolutions of relevant missions''
|-
| 72 || No resolution || || ''[[peace and security reform|Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]] and establishment of [[DPO]] approved in [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262C 72/262C section III]'' &lt;br /&gt;''Cross-cutting request related to [[programmatic activities]] included in MINUSCA financing resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/290 72/290]''
|-
| 71 || No resolution || || ''Recommendations of the 2017 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]''; &lt;br /&gt;''SEA covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/297 71/297]''
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 17 June 2016 || Approved transfer of withheld reimbursement to Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/307 69/307] || 25 June 2015 || Provided [[RSCE]] with operational independence and separate budget
|-
| 68 || No resolution || || ''New rates of reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281]''; &lt;br /&gt;''Recommendations of the 2014 [[COE]] Working Group approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/282 68/282]'' 
|-
| 67 || No resolution || || ''Senior Advisory Group recommendations on [[troop reimbursement]] and related issues approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261]''
|-
| 66 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 || Requested conduct of periodic civilian staffing reviews; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $59,999,999 reimbursement to T/PCCs
|-
| 65 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 || Established Senior Advisory Group on [[troop reimbursement]]; &lt;br /&gt;Provided exceptional $85 million reimbursement to T/PCCs; &lt;br /&gt;Established withholding of reimbursement on account of [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]
|-
| 64 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] || 24 June 2010 || Increased maximum [[death and disability compensation]] to $70,000; &lt;br /&gt;Approved [[Global Field Support Strategy]]; &lt;br /&gt;Increased commitment authority under [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to $100 million; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized reimbursement of [[strategic deployment stocks]] after receipt of appropriation
|-
| 63 || No resolution || || ''Issues related to troop reimbursement rates covered in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285]''
|-
| 62 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 61 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 61/276] || 29 June 2007 || [[Quick-impact projects]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[integrated mission|Integrated missions]] &lt;br /&gt;''Restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] approved in separate resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/279 61/279]''
|-
| 60 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/266 60/266] || 30 June 2006 || 
|-
| 59 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 59/296] || 22 June 2005 || First resolution explicitly titled "cross-cutting issues"; &lt;br /&gt;Requested the SG to submit annual [[overview report]] on the financing of peacekeeping missions&lt;br /&gt;Cost-sharing of [[integrated mission|DSRSG/RC]] posts; &lt;br /&gt;DDR [[programmatic activities]]; &lt;br /&gt;[[categories of personnel|UN Volunteers]]
|-
| 58 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/296 58/296] || 18 June 2004 || 
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290B 57/290&amp;nbsp;B] || 18 June 2003 || Applied results-based budgeting to peacekeeping mission budgets
|-
| 57 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/290 57/290] || 20 December 2002 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Switzerland and Timor-Leste
|-
| 56 || No resolution || || Concept of [[strategic deployment stocks]] approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/56/292 56/292]
|-
| 55 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 54 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/242 54/242] || 23 December 1999 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 53 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 52 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/230 52/230] || 31 March 1998 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218&amp;nbsp;E] || 17 June 1997 || Set maximum [[death and disability compensation]] at $50,000
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218 51/218&amp;nbsp;A-D] || 18 December 1996 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: Czech Republic and Slovakia
|-
| 51 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/13 51/13] || 4 November 1996 || Third-party claims
|-
| 50 || No resolution || || ''New system of [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement approved in standalone resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]''
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249B 49/249&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/249 49/249&amp;nbsp;A] || 20 July 1995 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233B 49/233&amp;nbsp;B] || 31 March 1995
|-
| 49 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1994 || Established July-June [[peacekeeping financing|budget cycle]]; &lt;br /&gt;Approved project plan for [[contingent-owned equipment]] reimbursement methodology; &lt;br /&gt;Established principles of [[death and disability compensation]]; &lt;br /&gt;Authorized commitment authority of $50 million; &lt;br /&gt;Approved measures on disposition of assets following liquidation ([[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Reg 5.14]]); &lt;br /&gt;Standardized budget process and format; &lt;br /&gt;Established [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] 
|-
| 48 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/227 48/227] || 23 December 1993 || 
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218B 47/218&amp;nbsp;B] || 14 September 1993 || 
|-
| 47 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/218 47/218&amp;nbsp;A] || 23 December 1992 || [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]: dissolution of Czechoslovakia
|-
| 46 || No resolution || ||
|-
| 45 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || Increased [[troop reimbursement]] rate by 4%; &lt;br /&gt;Established the [[support account]] effective 1 January 1990
|-
| 44 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/44/192 44/192] || 21 December 1989 || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] (Fourth Committee/[[C34]] resolution)

[[category: budget]] [[category: intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="10672" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] ||  ||
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>791b8dc21ae118e69eb28bbe2e071eb69195f50f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>917</id>
    <parentid>907</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-08-17T17:47:35Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* See also */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10729" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] ||  ||
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>eda51f8192885e9a33437e7dddcb839f636fd1e7</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>943</id>
    <parentid>917</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-04-21T13:28:25Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Summary table */ Added SG request for 2023/24</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10830" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2023/24 || 6,812,762,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/29 A/C.5/77/29] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>0ead7af848aa0669ccccb177a53f29bfed72a402</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>955</id>
    <parentid>943</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-04-28T14:25:36Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Summary table */ Added final 2022/23 level</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="10888" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2023/24 || 6,812,762,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/29 A/C.5/77/29] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/30 A/C.5/77/30] || 6,453,390,700 || 
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID closed 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>e86c972de035f0c460c06def624ab4a83e22bfb9</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Overview report</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>151</id>
  <revision>
    <id>908</id>
    <parentid>898</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-07-13T13:11:05Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Overview reports */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4027" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance year !! Budget request year !! Cross-cutting resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/760 A/76/760] || 2020/21 || 2022/23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/274 76/274] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/822 A/75/822] || 2019/20 || 2021/22 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/737 A/74/737] || 2018/19 || 2020/21 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/755 A/73/755] || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/789 A/72/789] || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/836 A/71/836] || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/742 A/70/742] || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/839 A/69/839] || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/307 67/307] || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/782 A/68/782] || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/780 A/67/780] || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || [https://undocs.org/a/66/718 A/66/718] || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || [https://undocs.org/a/65/743 A/65/743] || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || [https://undocs.org/a/64/660 A/64/660] || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/259] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || [https://undocs.org/a/62/781 A/62/781] || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || [https://undocs.org/a/61/852 A/61/852] || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/60/880 A/60/880] || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || [https://undocs.org/a/58/759 A/58/759] || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772] || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>dd18d1ef4880093c31184b36810be5d5d59e4b60</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>953</id>
    <parentid>908</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-04-28T14:07:40Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Overview reports */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4099" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance year !! Budget request year !! Cross-cutting resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/779 A/77/779] || || 2021/22 || 2023/24 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/760 A/76/760] || 2020/21 || 2022/23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/274 76/274] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/822 A/75/822] || 2019/20 || 2021/22 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/737 A/74/737] || 2018/19 || 2020/21 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/755 A/73/755] || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/789 A/72/789] || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/836 A/71/836] || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/742 A/70/742] || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/839 A/69/839] || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/307 67/307] || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/782 A/68/782] || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/780 A/67/780] || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || [https://undocs.org/a/66/718 A/66/718] || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || [https://undocs.org/a/65/743 A/65/743] || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || [https://undocs.org/a/64/660 A/64/660] || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/259] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || [https://undocs.org/a/62/781 A/62/781] || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || [https://undocs.org/a/61/852 A/61/852] || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/60/880 A/60/880] || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || [https://undocs.org/a/58/759 A/58/759] || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772] || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>e6b0b362f651c8305f0b66a8ebfad43f20578aed</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Death and disability compensation</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>4</id>
  <revision>
    <id>909</id>
    <parentid>878</parentid>
    <timestamp>2022-07-13T13:25:51Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Post-traumatic stress disorder */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7856" xml:space="preserve">'''Death and disability compensation''' is paid by the United Nations for military and police personnel killed or injured in service. The current maximum rate of compensation is $77,000&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Principles of compensation ==

The principles for death and disability compensation were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section III, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
1. 	Decides that underlying any system of compensation for death and disability should be the need for:
&lt;br&gt;(a) 	Equal treatment of Member States;
&lt;br&gt;(b) 	Compensation to the beneficiary that is not lower than reimbursement by the United Nations;
&lt;br&gt;(c) 	Simplification of administrative arrangements to the extent possible;
&lt;br&gt;(d) 	Speedy settlement of claims for death and disability;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Prior to the adoption of the current system of uniform compensation in resolution 51/218E of 17 June 1997, compensation for military and police [[categories of personnel|contingent personnel]] was paid by their respective national authorities based on the relevant national legislation, who in turn were reimbursed by the United Nations upon receipt of a claim duly certified by the national auditor-general (or official of similar rank). This meant that troops or their beneficiaries were reimbursed different amounts based on national origin.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 68&lt;/ref&gt; 

From 1991, [[categories of personnel|individually-deployed uniformed experts]] (e.g. military observers and police officers) or their beneficiaries were reimbursed up to twice the annual salary excluding allowances or $50,000, whichever is higher&lt;ref&gt;Note that [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945], paragraph 71, says "whichever is lower". This must have been an error, as all other reports, including the associated ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664], say "whichever is higher".&lt;/ref&gt;; before 1991, the threshold was $20,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/746 A/63/746], table 2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The compensation levels for contingent personnel and individually-deployed were unified in July 2010 with the adoption of resolution 64/269, which set a maximum level of $70,000 for all uniformed personnel. 

=== Settlement of claims ===

As per requests of the General Assembly, claims are supposed to be settled as soon as possible, but no later than three months after the date of submission&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/276 resolution 61/276] on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Delays in settlement generally result from:
# Delayed receipt of medical information on claimants from their respective permanent missions;
# Time required to complete an assessment of permanent impairment by the Division for Healthcare Management and Occupational Safety and Health of the [[Department of Operational Support]]; 
# Confirmation from the mission that the death or disability was mission-related and not caused by gross negligence or wilful misconduct.

=== Post-traumatic stress disorder ===

The United Nations recognizes PTSD as a recognized disability eligible for compensation. PTSD cases represent a significant proportion of outstanding claims, though the submission of such claims is often delayed because symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder can take years/ decades to be felt or be recognized.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IV&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/280 74/280], the Secretariat undertook a study&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/662 A/76/662]&lt;/ref&gt; providing a holistic analysis of the policy, legal, administrative and financial aspects relating to PTSD claims, which made the following key observations:

* The prevalence rate of PTSD in uniformed personnel deployed to United Nations missions is unclear. 
* Time delay is a significant factor in the onset, recognition and treatment of PTSD, as well as in the submission of related claims.
* More PTSD claims are expected in the future, but there is uncertainty as to their number and timing.
* National approaches and resources related to PTSD vary considerably and such differences can result in significant disparities among Member States with respect to PTSD management and PTSD claim compensation.

The Secretary-General proposed the establishment of a reserve fund for the payment of death and disability claims, including for PTSD, from closed peacekeeping missions, but this was not accepted by the General Assembly. Instead, the Assembly decided to adopt a pay-as-you-go approach to compensation for outstanding and future death and disability claims, including PTSD claims, that have been adjudicated as eligible for compensation, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/275 resolution 76/275]

'''See also'''
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776] Overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Report of the Secretary-General (Annex IV)
* [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] Overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Report of the Secretary-General (Annex IV)
* [https://undocs.org/a/74/743 A/74/743] Budget for the support account for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021: Report of the Secretary-General (paragraphs 39-41)
** [https://undocs.org/a/74/809 A/74/809] Budget for the support account for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021: Report of the [[ACABQ]] (paragraphs 16-21)
* [https://undocs.org/A/76/662 A/76/662] Post-traumatic stress disorder framework for uniformed personnel: Report of the Secretary-General
** [https://undocs.org/A/76/782 A/76/782] Post-traumatic stress disorder framework for uniformed personnel: Report of the ACABQ

== Relevant General Assembly resolutions ==

* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018 (paragraph 4) increased the rate by 10%
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/269] of 24 June 2010 (section II, paragraph 3) increased the rate from $50,000 to $70,000
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/52/177 52/177] of 18 December 1997 approved administrative and payment procedures proposed by the Secretary-General in A/52/369.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218e 51/218E] of 17 June 1997 (section II) set rate at $50,000.
* General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A] of 23 December 1994 (section III) established the principles for the payment of death and disability

== Relevant Secretary-General reports ==
Information on death and disability claims has, since the adoption of resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/316 57/316] of 18 June 2003, been included in the annual report on the [[Overview report|overview of the financing of peacekeeping operations]]. Prior to that, a separate report titled "Death and disability benefits" was issued on an annual basis.  
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/550 A/63/550] ''Comprehensive review of the compensation of death and disability benefits''
* [https://undocs.org/A/52/369 A/52/369] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented proposals for administrative and payment procedures''
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/906 A/59/906] and [https://undocs.org/A/49/906/corr.1 Corr.1] ''Death and disability benefits''—presented options for providing compensation to troops
* [https://undocs.org/A/49/664 A/49/664] ''Annex VII: Compensation for Death, Injury and Disability''
* [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] ''Effective planning, budgeting and administration of peace-keeping operations''—requested guidance from the General Assembly for providing compensation to troops

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Personnel reimbursement</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>/* Reimbursement rates */</comment>
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    <text bytes="12004" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations provides '''personnel reimbursement''' for the troop- and police-contributing countries on account of the military and police contingents deployed to United Nations peace operations. 

Since 1 July 2018, the reimbursement rate has been 1,428 United States dollars per person per month.&lt;ref&gt;Resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/285 72/285] of 5 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Principles of reimbursement ==
In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] of 14 June 2001, the General Assembly established the following elements and guidelines for the reimbursement system:
:(a) [[categories of personnel|Troops, formed civilian police units and staff officers]] serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations shall be reimbursed on an equal basis for identical services;
:(b) Reimbursement for troop costs shall take into consideration, inter alia, general principles such as simplicity, equity, transparency, comprehensiveness, portability, financial control and audit and confirmed delivery of specified services, all ow which shall be built into the [[memorandum of understanding|agreements]] entered into by the United Nations with the participating States;
:(c) The data for this survey shall identify the common and essential additional costs from existing troop levels related to personnel that are incurred by troop-contributing countries due to their participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations…;
:(d) The methodology shall ensure that no double payment is made with respect to reimbursement between the various levels of [[contingent-owned equipment|self-sustainment]], components of troop costs and any other allowances;

== Current structure of reimbursement ==
The current reimbursement system has been in place since 1 July 2013, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] of 10 May 2013, which endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the '''Senior Advisory Group''' established pursuant to General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/10 A/C.5/67/10] Report of the Senior Advisory Group on rates of reimbursement to troop-contributing countries and other related issues &lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Survey ===
The General Assembly currently decides on the reimbursement rate based on the results of a quadrennial survey of a representative sample of troop- and police-contributing countries. The "common and essential additional costs" covered in the survey are (1) allowances; (2) clothing, gear and equipment; (3) pre-deployment medical expenses; and (4) inland travel.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 67&lt;/ref&gt; The sample consists of 10 of the top 20 contributors over the prior three-year period. These countries should be drawn from the four World Bank income categories (high, high-medium, low-medium and low) in proportion to the total number of troops and members of formed police units deployed from each of these income categories.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 62-63&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Deduction for absent or non-functioning equipment ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly endorsed the SAG recommendation that, "to the extent that major equipment specified in relevant [[memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]] is absent or non-functional, thereby affecting the ability of a contingent to perform the responsibilities required of it, the rate of reimbursement to the troop- or police-contributing countries be reduced proportionally". However, it also introduced a number of caveats, as follows:

:(a) No deduction will be applied until after two consecutive unsatisfactory quarterly contingent-owned equipment verification reports…;
:(b) No deduction will be made for major equipment that is absent or non-functional for reasons deemed by the Secretariat to be beyond the control of the troop- or police-contributing country; 
:(c) No deduction will be made related to absent or non-functional vehicles unless over 10 per cent of the vehicles specified in relevant memorandums of understanding are absent or non-functional;
:(d) Deduction on account of absent or non-functional contingent-owned equipment shall not exceed 35 per cent of reimbursements for any unit in any case; 

=== Risk premium ===
In resolution 67/261, the General Assembly also endorsed the SAG recommendation "to award bonuses to individual units that are operating without restrictions and caveats imposed by troop- and police-contributing countries
and that have acquitted themselves well despite exceptional levels of risk. The annual aggregate amount of such awards would be no greater than an amount equal to a 10 per cent premium paid to 10 per cent of the average
number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year. Those awards would be paid at the conclusion of service directly to the relevant individual contingent members."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraphs 111-113&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Enabling capabilities premium ===
The General Assembly also introduced a premium to be paid to incentivize the deployment of key enabling capabilities in high demand and short supply. As recommended by the SAG, "The Secretary-General would decide from time to
time and mission by mission which enabling capacities, if any, would qualify and the size of the premium in each case. The annual aggregate amount of such premiums would be no greater than an amount equal to a 15 per cent premium paid to 20 per cent of the average number of contingent personnel deployed during the peacekeeping fiscal year."&lt;ref&gt;Ibid, paragraph 114&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reimbursement rates ==
Personnel reimbursement rates are set by the General Assembly on the basis of deliberations within the [[Fifth Committee]]. The adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 resolution 67/261] set a four-year review cycle for personnel reimbursement rates by the General Assembly. Deliberations on personnel reimbursement are separate from those of reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment|major equipment and self-sustainment]], which occur every three years on the basis of recommendations of the [[contingent-owned equipment#COE Working Group|Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Date !! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Effective date !! Base rate !! Supp. !! Kit !! Weap. !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/9631%5Bvol.I%5D(supp) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 140&lt;/ref&gt; || 29 November 1974 ||  ||  || 25 October 1973 || '''500''' || '''150''' ||  ||  || See A/PV.2303, para 128.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/10034(SUPP) Decision]&lt;ref&gt;See page 148&lt;/ref&gt; || 15 December 1975 ||  ||  || 15 December 1975 || '''500''' || '''150''' || '''65''' || '''5''' || Approved usage factor
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/32/45(SUPP) Decision 32/416]&lt;ref&gt;See page 238&lt;/ref&gt; || 2 December 1977 || [https://undocs.org/a/32/339 A/32/339] || || 25 October 1977 || '''680''' || '''200''' || '''65''' || '''5''' ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/35/44 35/44] || 1 December 1980 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/35/38 A/C.5/35/38] || [https://undocs.org/a/35/653 A/35/653] || 1 December 1980 || '''950''' || '''280''' || '''65''' || '''5''' || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/247 40/247] || 18 December 1985 || [https://undocs.org/a/40/845 A/40/845] || [https://undocs.org/a/40/954 A/40/954] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/42/224 42/224] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/a/42/374 A/42/374] || [https://undocs.org/a/42/791 A/42/791] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Maintained rates
|-
|  	 ||  || [https://undocs.org/a/44/500 A/44/500] || [https://undocs.org/a/44/725 A/44/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Overview of rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/45/258 45/258] || 3 May 1991 || [https://undocs.org/a/45/582 A/45/582] || [https://undocs.org/a/45/801 A/45/801] || 1 July 1991 || '''988''' || '''291''' || '''65''' || '''5''' || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/218E 51/218E] || 17 June 1997 || [https://undocs.org/a/48/912 A/48/912] || [https://undocs.org/a/50/1012 A/50/1012] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for new survey
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/229 55/229] || 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/54/763 A/54/763] || [https://undocs.org/a/54/859 A/54/859] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request to [[Contingent-owned equipment|post-Phase V Working Group]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] || 14 June 2001 || [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815] || [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887] || 1 July 2001 || '''1,008''' || '''297''' || '''66''' || '''5''' || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274] ||  ||  ||  || 1 Jan 2002 || '''1,028''' || '''303''' || '''68''' || '''5''' || Rates in [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/47 A/C.5/55/47]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252] || 20 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/a/60/725 A/60/725] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Request for updated methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/285 63/285] || 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/63/697 A/63/697] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved new survey, which was never implemented
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 30 June 2011 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Established SAG, approved supplemental payment of $85 million to T/PCCs for 2011/12
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 21 June 2012 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved supplemental payment of $60 million to T/PCCs for 2012/13
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/261 67/261] || 10 May 2013 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/713 A/67/713], [https://undocs.org/a/67/956 A/67/956] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/749 A/67/749] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || Approved [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/67/10 SAG recommendations] including new methodology and 6.75% supplemental payment to T/PCCs for 2013/14
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] || 30 June 2014 || [https://undocs.org/a/68/813 A/68/813] || [https://undocs.org/A/68/859 A/68/859] || 1 July 2014 || '''1,332''' ||  ||  ||  || First survey under new methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2016 || '''1,365''' ||  ||  ||  ||  	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/281 68/281] ||  ||  ||  || 1 July 2017 || '''1,410''' ||  ||  ||  || 	
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/285 72/285] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/728 A/72/728] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/771 A/72/771] || 1 July 2018 || '''1,428''' ||  ||  ||  || Second survey under new methodology
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/276 76/276]|| 29 June 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/676 A/76/676] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/757 A/76/757] || 1 July 2022 || '''1,448''' || || || || Also approved a $4.9 per person, per month reimbursement for UN-required COVID testing
|}

== Withholding of reimbursement ==
The General Assembly authorized the withholding of reimbursement for disciplinary reasons, including [[sexual exploitation and abuse]], in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 resolution 65/289] of 30 June 2011&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 59&lt;/ref&gt;. In its [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 resolution 70/286] of 17 June 2016, the General Assembly decided that withheld reimbursements in substantiated cases of sexual exploitation and abuse would be transferred to the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse&lt;ref&gt;See paragraph 75: ''Highlights'' the importance of providing expeditious support to victims, notes with appreciation the establishment of the Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, recalls paragraph 59 of its resolution 65/289, and decides  to  approve  the  transfer  of  withheld  payments  in  substantiated  cases  of sexual exploitation and abuse by civilian, military and police personnel to the Trust Fund;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== See also ==
* [[Contingent-owned equipment]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="12271" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping operations''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping operations ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur || UNAMID || 2007-07 || 2020-12 || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || MINUJUSTH || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]

* [[Independent strategic reviews]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12271" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping operations''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping operations ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur || UNAMID || 2007-07 || 2020-12 || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || MINUJUSTH || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]

* [[Independent strategic reviews]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="15286" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology and list of current missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Cluster !! Lead department !! Establishment !! Notes
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus  || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/186(1964) resolution 186 (1964)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1366(2001) resolution 1366 (2001)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara   || I || DPPA || SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/1997/236 S/1997/236] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 (2004) || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1559(2004) resolution 1559 (2004)] || Lebanon; open-ended mandate
|-
| United Nations Representative to the Geneva International Discussions || I || DPPA || SG report [https://undocs.org/S/2009/254 S/2009/254] and letter [https://undocs.org/S/2010/103 S/2010/103] || Georgia; open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria || I || DPPA || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/253 resolution 66/253]] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Horn of Africa || I || DPPA || Exchange of letters: SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/2011/474 S/2011/474] and PSC letter [https://undocs.org/S/2011/475 S/2011/475] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes Region || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2098(2013) resolution 2098 (2013)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen || I || DPPA || Exchange of letters: SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/2016/488 S/2016/488] and PSC letter [https://undocs.org/S/2016/489 S/2016/489] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar || I || DPPA || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/248 resolution 72/248] || mandate reviewed and renewed annually under the agenda item "Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives" 
|-
| Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Sudan || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Libya || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Yemen || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on South Sudan || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team pursuant to resolutions 1526 (2004) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and the Taliban and associated individuals and entities|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Office of the Ombudsperson established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1904 (2009)|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Implementation of Security Council resolution 2231 (2015)|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Mali|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Somalia|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Support to the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (2004) on the non-proliferation of all weapons of mass destruction || II || ODA || ||
|-
| Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) || II || CTED || ||
|-
| United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da’esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (UNITAD) || II || UNITAD ||
|-
| United Nations Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS) || III || DPPA || ||
|- 
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Regional Centre for Preventative Diplomacy for Central Asia (UNRCCA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations support for the Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission (CNMC) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon (UNSCOL) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa (UNOCA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Mission to Support the Hudaydah Agreement (UNMHA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in the Sudan (UNITAMS) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) || || DPPA || || Previously a [[DPKO]]-led SPM
|-
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) || || DPPA || ||
|}

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and/or police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
: ''See [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]''

The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 76 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/83 76/83] || 9 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/198 A/76/198]
|-
| 75 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Estimates in respect of special political missions</title>
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    <text bytes="6495" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on '''estimates in respect of special political missions''' in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 77 || || || [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/77/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246B 76/246B] section II || 13 April 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.8 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246 76/246] section X  || 24 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.7 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNVMC, UNITAMS)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] section XVIII || 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.&amp;nbsp;7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.7 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNMHA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.8 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (BINUH)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special political missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="6534" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on '''estimates in respect of special political missions''' in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Notes
|-
| 77 || || || [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/77/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246B 76/246B] section II || 13 April 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.8 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246 76/246] section X  || 24 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.7 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNVMC, UNITAMS)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] section XVIII || 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.&amp;nbsp;7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.7 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNMHA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.8 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (BINUH)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special political missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <comment>Added resolution for 77th session plus approved amounts since 2020</comment>
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    <text bytes="6849" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on '''estimates in respect of special political missions''' in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Amount !! Notes
|-
| 77 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/263 77/263] section V || 30 December 2022 || 766,193,900 for 39 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;2,141,100 for [[RSCE]] || [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/77/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246B 76/246B] section II || 13 April 2022 || 17,945,500 in commitment authority for UNSMIL || [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.8 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246 76/246] section X  || 24 December 2021 || 585,629,600 for 37 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;1,820,200 for [[RSCE]] || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.7 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNVMC, UNITAMS)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] section XVIII || 31 December 2020 || 728,212,200 for 40 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;1,412,400 for [[RSCE]]|| [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.&amp;nbsp;7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.7 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNMHA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.8 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (BINUH)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special political missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Main Page</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>/* Newest pages */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="2089" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]] - Added 17 Augu 2022
* [[Official development assistance]] - Added 20 March 2022
* [[Executive Committee]] and [[Management Committee]] - Added 4 November 2021
* [[Transitions]] - Added 18 October 2021
* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]] - Added 14 October 2021
* [[Conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials]] - Added 3 October 2021
* [[Independent strategic reviews]] - Added 1 September 2021

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1683" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Our Common Agenda]] - Added 20 April 2023
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]] - Added 17 August 2022

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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  <title>Transitions</title>
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    <text bytes="3886" xml:space="preserve">'''Transitions''' are situations involving significant changes to the configuration of the United Nations presence in a country in which at least one [[peace operations|peace operation]] is present, such as when a peace operation is replaced by a different peace operation or when a peace operation closes and hands over responsibilities to a [[United Nations country team]]. 

The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2594(2021) resolution 2594 (2021)] established the following definition of transitions: 

:"transitions of United Nations Peace Operations are understood as a strategic process which builds towards a reconfiguration of the strategy, footprint, and capacity of the United Nations in a way that supports peacebuilding objectives and the development of a sustainable peace, in a manner that supports and reinforces national ownership, informed by the operational context and the national priorities and needs of the host State and its population, and that includes engagement with local community and civil society, and, where relevant, regional and sub-regional organisations, and other relevant stakeholders, with the full, equal and meaningful participation of women and the inclusion of youth and persons with disabilities"

The term is also used to refer to "re-hatting" situations involving the replacement of a non-United Nations presence by a United Nations peace operation. 

== Official documents ==
=== Resolutions ===
* Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2594(2021) resolution 2594 (2021)]

=== Reports ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2022/522 S/2022/522] Report of the Secretary-General on United Nations transitions
* [https://undocs.org/A/75/787 A/75/787] OIOS evaluation of the relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of UNAMID in supporting transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding in Darfur in collaboration with United Nations country team 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Letter from the Secretary-General on AU-UN transitions in Mali and the Central African Republic

== Internal documents ==
'''Planning'''
* Secretary-General's Planning Directive for the development of consistent and coherent UN Transition processes (25 February 2019)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89550 Policy on UN Transitions in the Context of Mission Drawdown or Withdrawal] (04 February 2013)

'''Mission support'''
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400925 2018.08 Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure (Guidelines)]
** DOS 2018.09 End of Mission/Field Entity Report (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.10 Transition Process Map in a Closing Mission (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.11 Map for Planning and Conducting Mission Closure (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.23 Mission Closure: Task Force Organigram (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.24 Mission Closure: MSD Team Organigram (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.25 Hand-over and Checklist of Mission to DOS Finance and Budget Units (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.26 Development of Mission Support Division Closure Plan (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.27 Development of Mission Support Division Closure Progress Report (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.28 Environmental Clearance and Handover of Mission Sites (Guidelines)
** DOS 2019.07 Field Entity Closure: Paper and Digital Records and Archives (SOP)
* DPKO/DFS 2012.18 Liquidation Manual (superseded by 2018.08)

== Other documents ==
* UNU/CPR report: ''UN Transitions: Improving Security Council Practice in Mission Settings'' (30 September 2019&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;[https://cpr.unu.edu/research/projects/un-transitions-improving-security-council-practice-in-mission-settings.html link])
* [https://oios.un.org/file/7697/download?token=wi7_C22S OIOS IED-018-002] Evaluation of re-hatting in MINUSMA and MINUSCA

== See also ==
* [[Integrated mission|Integrated assessment and planning policy]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

[[Category: Missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10676" xml:space="preserve">'''Staff members''' are a [[categories of personnel|category of United Nations personnel]] whose employment and contractual relationship are defined by a letter of appointment subject to regulations promulgated by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 101 of the [[United Nations Charter]]. 

The conditions of service and the basic rights, duties and obligations of staff are spelled out in the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. 

== Demographics ==
Information on the demographics of Secretariat staff members is presented in the annual report to the General Assembly on the [[composition of the Secretariat]].

== Types of staff ==

Broadly speaking, staff members are either internationally-recruited or locally-recruited, with different types determined by whether the nature of the function is analytical and conceptual (professional) or procedural, operational and technical (service):&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4: Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations common system&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
*: Grades P-1 to P-6, D-1 and D-2, ASG, and USG
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)&lt;ref&gt;For more information on the Field Service category, see [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1 A/61/255/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1/Corr.1 Corr.1] Reforming the Field Service category: Investing in meeting the human resources requirements of United Nations peace operations in the twenty-first century&lt;/ref&gt;
*: Grades FS-1 to FS-7
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
*: GS(OL): Grades GS-1 to GS-6; GS(PL): Grade GS-7
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
*: Grades NO-A to NO-D
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Grade equivalencies ===

Formal and informal equivalencies exist between certain grades and types of staff, as reflected in the following table:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto"
|+ UN grade equivalency table
|-
! Professional grade !! Field Service grade&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4&lt;/ref&gt; !! National Professional grade&lt;ref&gt;NO to P equivalencies are based on their common education and years of experience prerequisites&lt;/ref&gt; || General Service grade || Notes
|-
|  || FS-1 || || GS-1/2 || G-1 grade is rarely used
|-
|  || FS-2 || || GS-3 ||
|-
|  || FS-3 || || GS-4 ||
|- 
|  || FS-4 || || GS-5/6 ||
|-
|  || FS-5 || || GS-7 ||  
|-
| P-1 ||  || NO-A ||  ||
|-
| P-2 ||  || NO-B ||  ||
|-
| P-3 || FS-6 || NO-C ||  ||
|-
| P-4 || FS-7 || NO-D ||  ||
|-
| P-5 ||  || NO-E ||  || NO-E grade is rarely used
|-
| P-6 ||  ||  || || P-6 grade is rarely used and not in use in the Secretariat
|}

GS staff and FS staff at the FS-5 level and below can only convert to the professional categories through the G-to-P examination process. FS-6 and FS-7 staff may apply directly to international professional vacancies for which they are qualified.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/3/Rev.1 ST/AI/2010/3/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Appointment types ==
General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] authorized the use of three types of appointments in the United Nations under a single set of [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Rules]], effective 1 July 2009.  

The policy on staff selection is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/3 '''ST/AI/2010/3'''].

=== Temporary appointments ===
A temporary appointment is granted for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements, which are generally advertised using temporary job openings (TJOs). Temporary appointments may be renewed for up to one year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. A temporary appointment shall not be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12&lt;/ref&gt; A competitive selection process and the publication of a temporary job opening is only required for temporary appointments longer than three months in duration.

Staff members on temporary appointments are eligible for fewer benefits and allowances than staff on fixed-term or continuing appointments&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt; and accrue leave at a slower rate.

Staff members on temporary appointments filling a regular budget or [[extrabudgetary resources|extrabudgetary]] [[post]] cannot apply for or be appointed to their current post within six months of the end of their current service&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], section III.B paragraph 26&lt;/ref&gt;. A mandatory break in service, normally of 31 days, is required before a former staff member can be re-employed on a temporary appointment&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1], paragraph 5.2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The policy on administration of temporary appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 '''ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1'''].

=== Fixed-term appointments ===
A fixed-term appointment may be granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, and may be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. A fixed-term  appointment does not carry any expectancy of renewal or conversion, except for staff appointed upon successful completion of a competitive examination.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13&lt;/ref&gt;

Staff members on fixed-term appointments are appointed to a [[post]] but may serve temporarily against another post, including ones at a higher grade (see [[human resources terminology#Definitions|special post allowance]]). 

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instrction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 '''ST/AI/2013/1'''] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 '''Corr.1'''].

=== Continuing appointments ===
A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14&lt;/ref&gt;. The procedure and criteria for conversion of fixed-term appointments to continuing appointments are set out in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 '''ST/AI/2012/3'''].

== Former appointment types ==

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt; Following the adoption of resolution 63/250, staff members with permanent appointments as of 1 July 2009 remained on such appointments, and a one-time review of staff members eligible for conversion to permanent appointments before 1 July 2009 was conducted. 

== Cool-down periods ==

=== Interns and consultants ===
The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], decided that [[categories of personnel|interns, consultants and personnel provided on a non-reimbursable basis]] may not be appointed to posts in the Secretariat for a period of six months after the end of their service. In practice, this only applies to posts in the Professional category or those at the FS-6 or FS-7 levels. 

A cool-down period does not apply to junior professional officers or associate experts.

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
A United Nations Volunteer is eligible for appointment to a position in a mission other than the mission in which they are serving after 12 months of service. Otherwise, they are not eligible for appointment to a position in a mission for a period of six months after the end of their service.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10849" xml:space="preserve">'''Staff members''' are a [[categories of personnel|category of United Nations personnel]] whose employment and contractual relationship are defined by a letter of appointment subject to regulations promulgated by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 101 of the [[United Nations Charter]]. 

The conditions of service and the basic rights, duties and obligations of staff are spelled out in the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. 

== Demographics ==
Information on the demographics of Secretariat staff members is presented in the annual report to the General Assembly on the [[composition of the Secretariat]].

== Types of staff ==

Broadly speaking, staff members are either internationally-recruited or locally-recruited, with different types determined by whether the nature of the function is analytical and conceptual (professional) or procedural, operational and technical (service):&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4: Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations common system&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
*: Grades P-1 to P-6, D-1 and D-2, ASG, and USG
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)&lt;ref&gt;For more information on the Field Service category, see [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1 A/61/255/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1/Corr.1 Corr.1] Reforming the Field Service category: Investing in meeting the human resources requirements of United Nations peace operations in the twenty-first century&lt;/ref&gt;
*: Grades FS-1 to FS-7
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
*: GS(OL): Grades GS-1 to GS-6; GS(PL): Grade GS-7
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
*: Grades NO-A to NO-D
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Grade equivalencies ===

Formal and informal equivalencies exist between certain grades and types of staff, as reflected in the following table:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto"
|+ UN grade equivalency table
|-
! Professional grade !! Field Service grade&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4&lt;/ref&gt; !! National Professional grade&lt;ref&gt;NO to P equivalencies are based on their common education and years of experience prerequisites&lt;/ref&gt; || General Service grade || Notes
|-
|  || FS-1 || || GS-1/2 || G-1 grade is rarely used
|-
|  || FS-2 || || GS-3 ||
|-
|  || FS-3 || || GS-4 ||
|- 
|  || FS-4 || || GS-5/6 ||
|-
|  || FS-5 || || GS-7 ||  
|-
| P-1 ||  || NO-A ||  ||
|-
| P-2 ||  || NO-B ||  ||
|-
| P-3 || FS-6 || NO-C ||  ||
|-
| P-4 || FS-7 || NO-D ||  ||
|-
| P-5 ||  || NO-E ||  || NO-E grade is rarely used
|-
| P-6 ||  ||  || || P-6 grade is rarely used and not in use in the Secretariat
|}

GS staff and FS staff at the FS-5 level and below can only convert to the professional categories through the G-to-P examination process. FS-6 and FS-7 staff may apply directly to international professional vacancies for which they are qualified.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/3/Rev.1 ST/AI/2010/3/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;

For grade equivalencies between international professional staff and the U.S. federal civil service, see [[Noblemaire principle#Grade_equivalencies|Noblemaire principle]].

== Appointment types ==
General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] authorized the use of three types of appointments in the United Nations under a single set of [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Rules]], effective 1 July 2009.  

The policy on staff selection is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/3 '''ST/AI/2010/3'''].

=== Temporary appointments ===
A temporary appointment is granted for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements, which are generally advertised using temporary job openings (TJOs). Temporary appointments may be renewed for up to one year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. A temporary appointment shall not be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12&lt;/ref&gt; A competitive selection process and the publication of a temporary job opening is only required for temporary appointments longer than three months in duration.

Staff members on temporary appointments are eligible for fewer benefits and allowances than staff on fixed-term or continuing appointments&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt; and accrue leave at a slower rate.

Staff members on temporary appointments filling a regular budget or [[extrabudgetary resources|extrabudgetary]] [[post]] cannot apply for or be appointed to their current post within six months of the end of their current service&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], section III.B paragraph 26&lt;/ref&gt;. A mandatory break in service, normally of 31 days, is required before a former staff member can be re-employed on a temporary appointment&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1], paragraph 5.2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The policy on administration of temporary appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 '''ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1'''].

=== Fixed-term appointments ===
A fixed-term appointment may be granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, and may be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. A fixed-term  appointment does not carry any expectancy of renewal or conversion, except for staff appointed upon successful completion of a competitive examination.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13&lt;/ref&gt;

Staff members on fixed-term appointments are appointed to a [[post]] but may serve temporarily against another post, including ones at a higher grade (see [[human resources terminology#Definitions|special post allowance]]). 

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instrction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 '''ST/AI/2013/1'''] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 '''Corr.1'''].

=== Continuing appointments ===
A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14&lt;/ref&gt;. The procedure and criteria for conversion of fixed-term appointments to continuing appointments are set out in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 '''ST/AI/2012/3'''].

== Former appointment types ==

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt; Following the adoption of resolution 63/250, staff members with permanent appointments as of 1 July 2009 remained on such appointments, and a one-time review of staff members eligible for conversion to permanent appointments before 1 July 2009 was conducted. 

== Cool-down periods ==

=== Interns and consultants ===
The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], decided that [[categories of personnel|interns, consultants and personnel provided on a non-reimbursable basis]] may not be appointed to posts in the Secretariat for a period of six months after the end of their service. In practice, this only applies to posts in the Professional category or those at the FS-6 or FS-7 levels. 

A cool-down period does not apply to junior professional officers or associate experts.

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
A United Nations Volunteer is eligible for appointment to a position in a mission other than the mission in which they are serving after 12 months of service. Otherwise, they are not eligible for appointment to a position in a mission for a period of six months after the end of their service.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="10847" xml:space="preserve">'''Staff members''' are a [[categories of personnel|category of United Nations personnel]] whose employment and contractual relationship are defined by a letter of appointment subject to regulations promulgated by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 101 of the [[United Nations Charter]]. 

The conditions of service and the basic rights, duties and obligations of staff are spelled out in the [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]. 

== Demographics ==
Information on the demographics of Secretariat staff members is presented in the annual report to the General Assembly on the [[composition of the Secretariat]].

== Types of staff ==

Broadly speaking, staff members are either internationally-recruited or locally-recruited, with different types determined by whether the nature of the function is analytical and conceptual (professional) or procedural, operational and technical (service):&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4: Comprehensive review of the common system compensation package: overview of staff categories in the United Nations common system&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Professional and higher categories:'''
*: Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
*: Grades P-1 to P-6, D-1 and D-2, ASG, and USG
* '''Field Service:'''
*: Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)&lt;ref&gt;For more information on the Field Service category, see [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1 A/61/255/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/255/Add.1/Corr.1 Corr.1] Reforming the Field Service category: Investing in meeting the human resources requirements of United Nations peace operations in the twenty-first century&lt;/ref&gt;
*: Grades FS-1 to FS-7
* '''General Service:'''
*: Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
*: GS(OL): Grades GS-1 to GS-6; GS(PL): Grade GS-7
* '''National Professional Officers:'''
*: Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
*: Grades NO-A to NO-D
* '''Other locally-recruited categories:'''
*: A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
** Safety and Security (New York-only)
** Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
** Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
** Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the [[Noblemaire principle]]). '''International professional''' staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. '''Field service''' staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations. 

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the [[Flemming principle]]) and consist of '''national professional staff''' and staff of the '''general service and related categories'''.

=== Grade equivalencies ===

Formal and informal equivalencies exist between certain grades and types of staff, as reflected in the following table:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto"
|+ UN grade equivalency table
|-
! Professional grade !! Field Service grade&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/82/R.4&lt;/ref&gt; !! National Professional grade&lt;ref&gt;NO to P equivalencies are based on their common education and years of experience prerequisites&lt;/ref&gt; || General Service grade || Notes
|-
|  || FS-1 || || GS-1/2 || G-1 grade is rarely used
|-
|  || FS-2 || || GS-3 ||
|-
|  || FS-3 || || GS-4 ||
|- 
|  || FS-4 || || GS-5/6 ||
|-
|  || FS-5 || || GS-7 ||  
|-
| P-1 ||  || NO-A ||  ||
|-
| P-2 ||  || NO-B ||  ||
|-
| P-3 || FS-6 || NO-C ||  ||
|-
| P-4 || FS-7 || NO-D ||  ||
|-
| P-5 ||  || NO-E ||  || NO-E grade is rarely used
|-
| P-6 ||  ||  || || P-6 grade is rarely used and not in use in the Secretariat
|}

GS staff and FS staff at the FS-5 level and below can only convert to the professional categories through the G-to-P examination process. FS-6 and FS-7 staff may apply directly to international professional vacancies for which they are qualified.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2010/3/Rev.1 ST/AI/2010/3/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;

For grade equivalencies between international professional staff and the U.S. federal civil service, see [[Noblemaire principle#Grade_equivalency|Noblemaire principle]].

== Appointment types ==
General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250] authorized the use of three types of appointments in the United Nations under a single set of [[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff Rules]], effective 1 July 2009.  

The policy on staff selection is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/3 '''ST/AI/2010/3'''].

=== Temporary appointments ===
A temporary appointment is granted for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements, which are generally advertised using temporary job openings (TJOs). Temporary appointments may be renewed for up to one year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. A temporary appointment shall not be converted to any other type of appointment.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.12&lt;/ref&gt; A competitive selection process and the publication of a temporary job opening is only required for temporary appointments longer than three months in duration.

Staff members on temporary appointments are eligible for fewer benefits and allowances than staff on fixed-term or continuing appointments&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 resolution 63/250], section II paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt; and accrue leave at a slower rate.

Staff members on temporary appointments filling a regular budget or [[extrabudgetary resources|extrabudgetary]] [[post]] cannot apply for or be appointed to their current post within six months of the end of their current service&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], section III.B paragraph 26&lt;/ref&gt;. A mandatory break in service, normally of 31 days, is required before a former staff member can be re-employed on a temporary appointment&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1], paragraph 5.2&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The policy on administration of temporary appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/st/ai/2010/4/rev.1 '''ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1'''].

=== Fixed-term appointments ===
A fixed-term appointment may be granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, and may be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. A fixed-term  appointment does not carry any expectancy of renewal or conversion, except for staff appointed upon successful completion of a competitive examination.&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.13&lt;/ref&gt;

Staff members on fixed-term appointments are appointed to a [[post]] but may serve temporarily against another post, including ones at a higher grade (see [[human resources terminology#Definitions|special post allowance]]). 

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instrction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1 '''ST/AI/2013/1'''] and [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2013/1/corr.1 '''Corr.1'''].

=== Continuing appointments ===
A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment&lt;ref&gt;Staff rule 4.14&lt;/ref&gt;. The procedure and criteria for conversion of fixed-term appointments to continuing appointments are set out in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/247 resolution 65/247].

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instruction [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2012/3 '''ST/AI/2012/3'''].

== Former appointment types ==

'''Appointment of limited duration'''
: An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 301.1; [https://undocs.org/ST/AI/2001/2 ST/AI/2001/2] Appointments of limited duration&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Permanent appointment'''
: An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments.&lt;ref&gt;Former staff rule 104.13&lt;/ref&gt; Following the adoption of resolution 63/250, staff members with permanent appointments as of 1 July 2009 remained on such appointments, and a one-time review of staff members eligible for conversion to permanent appointments before 1 July 2009 was conducted. 

== Cool-down periods ==

=== Interns and consultants ===
The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/226 resolution 51/226], decided that [[categories of personnel|interns, consultants and personnel provided on a non-reimbursable basis]] may not be appointed to posts in the Secretariat for a period of six months after the end of their service. In practice, this only applies to posts in the Professional category or those at the FS-6 or FS-7 levels. 

A cool-down period does not apply to junior professional officers or associate experts.

=== United Nations Volunteers ===
A United Nations Volunteer is eligible for appointment to a position in a mission other than the mission in which they are serving after 12 months of service. Otherwise, they are not eligible for appointment to a position in a mission for a period of six months after the end of their service.

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[Human resources terminology]]
* [[Staff Regulations and Rules]]

== References ==

[[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Noblemaire principle</title>
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    <text bytes="5220" xml:space="preserve">The '''Noblemaire principle''' is basis used for the determination of conditions of service of staff in the [[categories of personnel|Professional and higher categories]]. 

Under the application of the Noblemaire principle, salaries of the Professional category are determined by reference to those applicable in the civil service of the country with the highest pay levels (the "comparator").  The
United States federal civil service has been used as the comparator since the inception of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

== History ==
In 1921, the Council of the League of Nations appointed a committee of five experts "to examine the organisation of the Permanent Secretariat and the International Labour Office"&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations, Official Journal 1921, pages 113-114 and 651-652&lt;/ref&gt;. This committee, chaired by the French diplomat Georges Noblemaire, established what is now known as the Noblemaire principle, to govern the salaries and conditions of service for the Permanent Secretariat of the League of Nations. The same principle was carried over to govern conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff in the United Nations Secretariat.

As noted by the committee in its report,

&lt;blockquote&gt;"We admit that the salaries which we propose we based on those of the highest-paid Civil Services in the world, ''i.e.'' those of the British Empire. We do not see how any other course could have been followed since, if lower salaries had been offered, it would be impossible to obtain the service of Britishers of the required standing…On the other hand, it would be difficult, as we point out later on, to pay lower salaries for the same work to members of other nationalities, where work of the kind required by the League is obtainable at lower figures."&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations A.3.1921: Organisation of the Secretariat and of the International Labour Office: Report of the Commission of Experts&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Net remuneration margin ==
The relationship between the remuneration (base salary plus [[post adjustment]]) of United Nations staff in the Professional and higher categories and staff in the U.S. federal civil service is measured through the net remuneration margin, which is the average percentage difference in the remuneration of the two civil services, adjusted for the cost-of-living differential between New York and Washington, DC&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

In practice, the level of remuneration of the Professional and higher categories is maintained within a range above those of equivalent grades of the U.S. federal civil service with a midpoint of 15 per cent; this is based on a decision of the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/244 resolution 40/244] of 18 December 1985, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;2. ''Approves'' the range of 110 to 120, with a desirable midpoint of 115, for the margin between the net remuneration of officials in the Professional and higher categories of the United Nations in New York and that of officials in comparable positions in the United States federal civil service, on the understanding that the margin would be maintained at a level around the desirable mid-point of 115 over a period of time;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Grade equivalency ==
As per the ICSC booklet on the United Nations common system of salaries, allowances and benefits,

:Periodic equivalency studies are made between the grades of jobs in the United Nations system and those in the comparator civil service. These studies establish equivalencies between each of the grades (P-1 to D-2) of the United Nations with each of the respective grades and categories of the comparator civil service. These grade equivalencies form the basis for comparison of remuneration paid in the two services at their respective bases (New York and Washington, D.C.)

The results of the 2010 and 2010 grade equivalency studies commissioned by the ICSC to identify grade equivalencies between the United Nations common system and the U.S. federal civil service&lt;ref&gt;ISCS/71/R.10 Establishment of grade equivalencies between the United States federal civil service and the United Nations Common system&lt;/ref&gt; yielded the following results:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
|+ Grade equivalency
|-
! Grade !! Highest clusters of U.S. grades (2000) !! Implied U.S. grades&lt;br /&gt; based on regression analysis (2010)
|-
| P-1 || N/A || GS 9/10
|-
| P-2 || GS 12 (60.5%) and GS 11 (23.7%) || GS 11/12
|-
| P-3 || GS 13 (43.8%); GS 14 (24.7%) &amp; GS 12 (19.2%) || GS 12/13
|-
| P-4 || GS 14 (56%) || GS 14
|-
| P-5 || GS 15 (56%) || GS 15
|-
| D-1 || SES (65.9%) || SES
|-
| D-2 || SES || SES
|}

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Flemming principle]] (the similar principle governing the conditions of service for staff in the General Service and other locally recruited categories)
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[United Nations staff]]

== References ==

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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    <text bytes="5220" xml:space="preserve">The '''Noblemaire principle''' is basis used for the determination of conditions of service of staff in the [[categories of personnel|Professional and higher categories]]. 

Under the application of the Noblemaire principle, salaries of the Professional category are determined by reference to those applicable in the civil service of the country with the highest pay levels (the "comparator").  The
United States federal civil service has been used as the comparator since the inception of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

== History ==
In 1921, the Council of the League of Nations appointed a committee of five experts "to examine the organisation of the Permanent Secretariat and the International Labour Office"&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations, Official Journal 1921, pages 113-114 and 651-652&lt;/ref&gt;. This committee, chaired by the French diplomat Georges Noblemaire, established what is now known as the Noblemaire principle, to govern the salaries and conditions of service for the Permanent Secretariat of the League of Nations. The same principle was carried over to govern conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff in the United Nations Secretariat.

As noted by the committee in its report,

&lt;blockquote&gt;"We admit that the salaries which we propose we based on those of the highest-paid Civil Services in the world, ''i.e.'' those of the British Empire. We do not see how any other course could have been followed since, if lower salaries had been offered, it would be impossible to obtain the service of Britishers of the required standing…On the other hand, it would be difficult, as we point out later on, to pay lower salaries for the same work to members of other nationalities, where work of the kind required by the League is obtainable at lower figures."&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations A.3.1921: Organisation of the Secretariat and of the International Labour Office: Report of the Commission of Experts&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Net remuneration margin ==
The relationship between the remuneration (base salary plus [[post adjustment]]) of United Nations staff in the Professional and higher categories and staff in the U.S. federal civil service is measured through the net remuneration margin, which is the average percentage difference in the remuneration of the two civil services, adjusted for the cost-of-living differential between New York and Washington, DC&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

In practice, the level of remuneration of the Professional and higher categories is maintained within a range above those of equivalent grades of the U.S. federal civil service with a midpoint of 15 per cent; this is based on a decision of the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/244 resolution 40/244] of 18 December 1985, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;2. ''Approves'' the range of 110 to 120, with a desirable midpoint of 115, for the margin between the net remuneration of officials in the Professional and higher categories of the United Nations in New York and that of officials in comparable positions in the United States federal civil service, on the understanding that the margin would be maintained at a level around the desirable mid-point of 115 over a period of time;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Grade equivalency ==
As per the ICSC booklet on the United Nations common system of salaries, allowances and benefits,

:Periodic equivalency studies are made between the grades of jobs in the United Nations system and those in the comparator civil service. These studies establish equivalencies between each of the grades (P-1 to D-2) of the United Nations with each of the respective grades and categories of the comparator civil service. These grade equivalencies form the basis for comparison of remuneration paid in the two services at their respective bases (New York and Washington, D.C.)

The results of the 2000 and 2010 grade equivalency studies commissioned by the ICSC to identify grade equivalencies between the United Nations common system and the U.S. federal civil service&lt;ref&gt;ISCS/71/R.10 Establishment of grade equivalencies between the United States federal civil service and the United Nations Common system&lt;/ref&gt; yielded the following results:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
|+ Grade equivalency
|-
! Grade !! Highest clusters of U.S. grades (2000) !! Implied U.S. grades&lt;br /&gt; based on regression analysis (2010)
|-
| P-1 || N/A || GS 9/10
|-
| P-2 || GS 12 (60.5%) and GS 11 (23.7%) || GS 11/12
|-
| P-3 || GS 13 (43.8%); GS 14 (24.7%) &amp; GS 12 (19.2%) || GS 12/13
|-
| P-4 || GS 14 (56%) || GS 14
|-
| P-5 || GS 15 (56%) || GS 15
|-
| D-1 || SES (65.9%) || SES
|-
| D-2 || SES || SES
|}

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Flemming principle]] (the similar principle governing the conditions of service for staff in the General Service and other locally recruited categories)
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[United Nations staff]]

== References ==

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
    <sha1>be553acda7204c5bedc1caaf0cdc4b5f06e78c83</sha1>
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    <text bytes="5205" xml:space="preserve">The '''Noblemaire principle''' is basis used for the determination of conditions of service of staff in the [[categories of personnel|Professional and higher categories]]. 

Under the application of the Noblemaire principle, salaries of the Professional category are determined by reference to those applicable in the civil service of the country with the highest pay levels (the "comparator").  The
United States federal civil service has been used as the comparator since the inception of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

== History ==
In 1921, the Council of the League of Nations appointed a committee of five experts "to examine the organisation of the Permanent Secretariat and the International Labour Office"&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations, Official Journal 1921, pages 113-114 and 651-652&lt;/ref&gt;. This committee, chaired by the French diplomat Georges Noblemaire, established what is now known as the Noblemaire principle, to govern the salaries and conditions of service for the Permanent Secretariat of the League of Nations. The same principle was carried over to govern conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff in the United Nations Secretariat.

As noted by the committee in its report,

&lt;blockquote&gt;"We admit that the salaries which we propose we based on those of the highest-paid Civil Services in the world, ''i.e.'' those of the British Empire. We do not see how any other course could have been followed since, if lower salaries had been offered, it would be impossible to obtain the service of Britishers of the required standing…On the other hand, it would be difficult, as we point out later on, to pay lower salaries for the same work to members of other nationalities, where work of the kind required by the League is obtainable at lower figures."&lt;ref&gt;League of Nations A.3.1921: Organisation of the Secretariat and of the International Labour Office: Report of the Commission of Experts&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Net remuneration margin ==
The relationship between the remuneration (base salary plus [[post adjustment]]) of United Nations staff in the Professional and higher categories and staff in the U.S. federal civil service is measured through the net remuneration margin, which is the average percentage difference in the remuneration of the two civil services, adjusted for the cost-of-living differential between New York and Washington, DC&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of technical terms to accompany [https://undocs.org/a/73/30 A/73/30] Report of the International Civil Service Commission for 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.

In practice, the level of remuneration of the Professional and higher categories is maintained within a range above those of equivalent grades of the U.S. federal civil service with a midpoint of 15 per cent; this is based on a decision of the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/244 resolution 40/244] of 18 December 1985, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;2. ''Approves'' the range of 110 to 120, with a desirable midpoint of 115, for the margin between the net remuneration of officials in the Professional and higher categories of the United Nations in New York and that of officials in comparable positions in the United States federal civil service, on the understanding that the margin would be maintained at a level around the desirable mid-point of 115 over a period of time;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Grade equivalency ==
As per the ICSC booklet on the United Nations common system of salaries, allowances and benefits,

:Periodic equivalency studies are made between the grades of jobs in the United Nations system and those in the comparator civil service. These studies establish equivalencies between each of the grades (P-1 to D-2) of the United Nations with each of the respective grades and categories of the comparator civil service. These grade equivalencies form the basis for comparison of remuneration paid in the two services at their respective bases (New York and Washington, D.C.)

The 2000 and 2010 grade equivalency studies commissioned by the ICSC to identify grade equivalencies between the United Nations common system and the U.S. federal civil service&lt;ref&gt;ISCS/71/R.10 Establishment of grade equivalencies between the United States federal civil service and the United Nations Common system&lt;/ref&gt; yielded the following results:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
|+ Grade equivalency
|-
! Grade !! Highest clusters of U.S. grades (2000) !! Implied U.S. grades&lt;br /&gt; based on regression analysis (2010)
|-
| P-1 || N/A || GS 9/10
|-
| P-2 || GS 12 (60.5%) and GS 11 (23.7%) || GS 11/12
|-
| P-3 || GS 13 (43.8%); GS 14 (24.7%) &amp; GS 12 (19.2%) || GS 12/13
|-
| P-4 || GS 14 (56%) || GS 14
|-
| P-5 || GS 15 (56%) || GS 15
|-
| D-1 || SES (65.9%) || SES
|-
| D-2 || SES || SES
|}

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Flemming principle]] (the similar principle governing the conditions of service for staff in the General Service and other locally recruited categories)
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[United Nations staff]]

== References ==

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>United Nations Office to the African Union</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="2266" xml:space="preserve">The  '''United Nations Office to the African Union''' (UNOAU), located in Addis Ababa, was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/288 resolution 64/288] to strengthen coordination and cooperation with the African Union. 

UNOAU was formed from the merger of what were previously four standalone entities in Addis Ababa&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union&lt;/ref&gt;, namely:
* United Nations Liaison Office
* African Union Peace and Support Team 
* United Nations Planning Team for the African Union Mission in Somalia
* The administrative functions of the Joint Support and Coordination Mechanism of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

UNOAU is headed by Special Representative of the Secretary-General, at the level of Under-Secretary-General. The current structure of the Office was approved by the General Assembly in its resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/270 71/270] following a review of the Office and its functioning completed in 2016&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Key documents ==
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[United Nations Office to the African Union]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2022/643 S/2022/643]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/763 S/2021/763]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/860 S/2020/860]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

Other relevant reports:
* [https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] ''Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union'' (Proposed establishment of UNOAU)
* [https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] ''Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General''

== See also ==
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Independent reviews</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>/* Related thematic reviews */</comment>
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    <text bytes="8692" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been undertaken of a number of [[special political missions]].

Independent reviews have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| BINUH || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2600(2021) resolution 2600 (2021)] || Mourad Wahba || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2022/369 S/2022/369]
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1042 S/2021/1042]
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|-
| Assessment of United Nations-African Union cooperation || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Peacebuilding</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="15732" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Associated MPTFO report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] || ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/27185 2020 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/24189 2019 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/21687 2018 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/19890 2017 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/18174 2016 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/16311 2015 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/14581 2014 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/12894 2013 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/11296 2012 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/9077 2011 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/6520 2010 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/4120 2009 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2404 2008 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2403 2007 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>24bee3f7e8c9f720a69281d8a24a347c85484aad</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="15958" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Kofi Annan defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Associated MPTFO report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/756 A/77/756] || ||
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] || [https://mptf.undp.org/sites/default/files/documents/PBF%20Consolidated%20Annual%20Financial%20Report%202021.pdf 2021 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/27185 2020 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/24189 2019 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/21687 2018 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/19890 2017 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/18174 2016 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/16311 2015 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/14581 2014 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/12894 2013 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/11296 2012 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/9077 2011 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/6520 2010 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/4120 2009 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2404 2008 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2403 2007 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>d7120151f896b0b55d158c487a0f11f1f2af9ba6</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Agenda for Peace</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>87</id>
  <revision>
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    <parentid>325</parentid>
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    <text bytes="2177" xml:space="preserve">'''Agenda for Peace''' was the signature reform initiative of Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, launched to better position the United Nations to deliver in the area of peace and security following the end of the Cold War. The associated report is contained in document [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 '''A/47/277–S/24111'''].

== Legislative history == 
The report on Agenda for Peace was issued in response to the request of the Security Council, during a meeting at the level of Heads of State on 31 January 1992, for the Secretary-General "to prepare…his analysis and recommendations on ways of strengthening and making more efficient within the framework and provisions of the Charter the capacity of the United Nations for preventative diplomacy, for peacemaking and for peace-keeping."&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/23500 S/23500] Note by the President of the Security Council&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The proposals under Agenda for Peace were closely related to the concurrent effort to [[Restructuring of the Secretariat|restructure the Secretariat]], which, inter alia, established the [[Department of Political Affairs]] and [[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]. 

The General Assembly adopted a number of resolutions on Agenda for Peace, including:
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/71 47/71] of 14 December 1992 on the [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]] on the basis of reports of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/47/253 A/47/253] and [https://undocs.org/a/47/386 A/47/386]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/120 47/120A] of 18 December 1992 on An Agenda for Peace: preventative diplomacy and related matters
* [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/120b 47/120B] of 20 September 1993 on An Agenda for Peace

== Documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/a/47/277 A/47/277–S/24111] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping
* [https://undocs.org/a/47/965 A/47/965–S/25944] Implementation of the recommendations contained in "An Agenda for Peace"

== See also ==
* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Restructuring of the Secretariat]]

== References ==

[[Category: Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>c5f789cf0eb11807ee3c63909dca36f839d9e82f</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>216</id>
  <revision>
    <id>930</id>
    <parentid>835</parentid>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Reports */  Added A/77/507</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2690" xml:space="preserve">Every two years, the secretariat of the [[Chief Executives Board]] issues a report on the '''budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system''', providing disaggregated information on financial sources and expenditures for most of the organizations of the [[United Nations system]], with the notable exception of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group.

== Reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Expenditure data !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/507 A/77/507] || 2020-2021 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/373 A/75/373] || 2018-2019 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/460 A/73/460] || 2016-2017 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/71/583 A/71/583] || 2014-2015 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/69/305 A/69/305] || 2012-2013 || Included info on implications of staff costs, pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/67/49(VOL.III) decision 67/553B]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/67/215 A/67/215] || 2010-2011 || First report presented in line with IPSAS; first inclusion of table on expenses by programme category
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/65/187 A/65/187] || 2008-2009 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/185 A/63/185] || 2006-2007 ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/61/203 A/61/203] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/203/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 2004-2005 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/59/315 A/59/315] || 2002-2003 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/57/265 A/57/265] || 2000-2001 || First report issued by CEB secretariat
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/55/525 A/55/525] || 1998-1999 ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/53/647 A/53/647] || 1996-1997 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/51/505 A/51/505] || 1994-1995 ||
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/a/49/588 A/49/588] || 1992-1993 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/47/746 A/47/746] || 1990-1991 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/47/593 A/47/593] and [https://undocs.org/A/47/593/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 1989 || First report issued by the ACC
|}

== Background ==
The predecessor of the current biennial statistical report was an annual report produced by the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] until 1991, when responsibility shifted to the Administrative Committee on Coordination, the predecessor to the CEB, which issued such reports on a biennial basis.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/187 A/65/187]&lt;/ref&gt;

The current basis for the annual report is General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/311 resolution 63/311] on system-wide coherence, in which the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to create a central repository of information on operational activities for development, including statistics on all funding sources and expenditures. 

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>c159fd1447454a7ca3389d430f77351548909e9a</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>United Nations reform</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="5484" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

== Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992-1996) ==
=== Structural changes ===
Boutros Boutros-Ghali made several structural changes to the Secretariat at the beginning of his term in 1992, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/46/882 A/46/882]. The newly-established entities, created through the reorganization of existing entities, were as follows:
* Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peace-keeping Operations
* Department of Economic and Social Development 
* Department of Humanitarian Affairs 
* Department of Administration and Management
* Office of Legal Affairs 
Other entities established during his term included:
* Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141] (1993)
* Office of Internal Oversight Services: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218B] (1994)

=== Signature initiatives ===
* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) 
: Intended to re-position the UN to more effectively address peace and security issues after the Cold War
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/50/60 Supplement to An Agenda for Peace]''' (1995)

== Kofi Annan (1997-2006) ==
=== Structural changes ===
In his first year in office, Kofi Annan proposed the reorganization of the Secretariat to establish several new entities, including:
* Deputy Secretary-General (part of broader reorganization of the Executive Office of the Secretary-General)
* Department for Disarmament and Arms Regulation (from the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in DPA)
* Office of the Emergency Relief Coordinator (replaced Department of Humanitarian Affairs)
* Department of Economic and Social Affairs (merger of existing departments)
* Office of Drug Control and Crime Prevention (consolidation of existing functions)
* Department of Management (replaced Department of Management and Administration)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services] (replaced Department of Conference Services)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/51/950 Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform]''' (1997)
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/59/205 In larger freedom: towards development, security, and human rights for all]''' (2005)
: Contained proposals for the 2005 World Summit
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/60/692 Investing in the United Nations: for a stronger Organization worldwide]''' (2006) 

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* '''[[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 

== Ban Ki-moon (2007-2016) ==
=== Signature reform agendas ===
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding#Key reports and resolutions|Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* [[Peacebuilding#Civilian capacity review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
* '''[[Change Management Team]]''' (2011)
* '''Human Rights Up Front''' (2013)

== António Guterres (2017-present) ==
=== Structural changes ===
* Office of Counter-Terrorism (2017)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].
* '''[[Our Common Agenda]]'''

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>537dad1b56551fb537a7cb9c68dd4c01d98c3da3</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>937</id>
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    <text bytes="5491" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

== Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992-1996) ==
=== Structural changes ===
Boutros Boutros-Ghali made several structural changes to the Secretariat at the beginning of his term in 1992, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/46/882 A/46/882]. The newly-established entities, created through the reorganization of existing entities, were as follows:
* Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peace-keeping Operations
* Department of Economic and Social Development 
* Department of Humanitarian Affairs 
* Department of Administration and Management
* Office of Legal Affairs 
Other entities established during his term included:
* Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141] (1993)
* Office of Internal Oversight Services: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218B] (1994)

=== Signature initiatives ===
* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) 
: Intended to re-position the UN to more effectively address peace and security issues after the Cold War
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/50/60 Supplement to An Agenda for Peace]''' (1995)

== Kofi Annan (1997-2006) ==
=== Structural changes ===
In his first year in office, Kofi Annan proposed the reorganization of the Secretariat to establish several new entities, including:
* Deputy Secretary-General (part of broader reorganization of the Executive Office of the Secretary-General)
* Department for Disarmament and Arms Regulation (from the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in DPA)
* Office of the Emergency Relief Coordinator (replaced Department of Humanitarian Affairs)
* Department of Economic and Social Affairs (merger of existing departments)
* Office of Drug Control and Crime Prevention (consolidation of existing functions)
* Department of Management (replaced Department of Management and Administration)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services] (replaced Department of Conference Services)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/51/950 Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform]''' (1997)
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/59/205 In larger freedom: towards development, security, and human rights for all]''' (2005)
: Contained proposals for the 2005 World Summit
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/60/692 Investing in the United Nations: for a stronger Organization worldwide]''' (2006) 

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* '''[[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 

== Ban Ki-moon (2007-2016) ==
=== Signature reform agendas ===
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding#Key reports and resolutions|Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* [[Peacebuilding#Civilian capacity review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
* '''[[Change Management Team]]''' (2011)
* '''Human Rights Up Front''' (2013)

== António Guterres (2017-present) ==
=== Structural changes ===
* Office of Counter-Terrorism (2017)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].
* '''[[Our Common Agenda]]''' (2021)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>ef419d43e9da4ef6832a5b8e5ec1e05306a8a81f</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <comment>/* Structural changes */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5942" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

== Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992-1996) ==
=== Structural changes ===
Boutros Boutros-Ghali made several structural changes to the Secretariat at the beginning of his term in 1992, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/46/882 A/46/882]. The newly-established entities, created through the reorganization of existing entities, were as follows:
* Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peace-keeping Operations
* Department of Economic and Social Development 
* Department of Humanitarian Affairs 
* Department of Administration and Management
* Office of Legal Affairs 
Other entities established during his term included:
* Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141] (1993)
* Office of Internal Oversight Services: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218B] (1994)

=== Signature initiatives ===
* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) 
: Intended to re-position the UN to more effectively address peace and security issues after the Cold War
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/50/60 Supplement to An Agenda for Peace]''' (1995)

== Kofi Annan (1997-2006) ==
=== Structural changes ===
In his first year in office, Kofi Annan proposed the reorganization of the Secretariat to establish several new entities, including:
* Deputy Secretary-General (part of broader reorganization of the Executive Office of the Secretary-General)
* Department for Disarmament and Arms Regulation (from the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in DPA)
* Office of the Emergency Relief Coordinator (replaced Department of Humanitarian Affairs)
* Department of Economic and Social Affairs (merger of existing departments)
* Office of Drug Control and Crime Prevention (consolidation of existing functions)
* Department of Management (replaced Department of Management and Administration)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services] (replaced Department of Conference Services)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/51/950 Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform]''' (1997)
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/59/205 In larger freedom: towards development, security, and human rights for all]''' (2005)
: Contained proposals for the 2005 World Summit
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/60/692 Investing in the United Nations: for a stronger Organization worldwide]''' (2006) 

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* '''[[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 

== Ban Ki-moon (2007-2016) ==
=== Signature reform agendas ===
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding#Key reports and resolutions|Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* [[Peacebuilding#Civilian capacity review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
* '''[[Change Management Team]]''' (2011)
* '''Human Rights Up Front''' (2013)

== António Guterres (2017-present) ==
=== Structural changes ===
* Office of Counter-Terrorism (2017)
* Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (replaced Department of Political Affairs in 2019)
* Department of Peace Operations (replaced Department of Peacekeeping Operations in 2019)
* Department of Operational Support (reorganized from DFS and DM in 2019)
* Department of Management Strategy, Policy, and Compliance (reorganized from DFS and DM in 2019)
* United Nations Youth Office (replaced Office of the Special Envoy on Youth in 2022)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].
* '''[[Our Common Agenda]]''' (2021)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>6a9a6c1b009ce7464cce4bf71f57fd05eb444bdb</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Composition of the Secretariat</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>155</id>
  <revision>
    <id>932</id>
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    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Secretary-General reports */ Added 2021 reports</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2718" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual report on the '''composition of the Secretariat''', which is considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] every year under the human resources management agenda item. During odd-numbered sessions of the General Assembly, an addendum covering [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel, retirees and consultants]] is also submitted.

The reports provide statistics on staff composition broken down by gender, grade, Secretariat entity and age, as well as statistics related to geographical representation and the [[system of desirable ranges]]. 

== Secretary-General reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Staff demographics !! Gratis personnel, retirees, consultants and ICs, and UNVs !! Notes
|-
| 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/580 A/77/580] || [https://undocs.org/A/77/578 A/77/578] || 
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/570 A/76/570] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/570/CORR.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591 A/75/591] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591/Add.1 A/75/591/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/82 A/74/82] || ||
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79 A/73/79] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79/add.1 A/73/79/Add.1] || 
|-
| 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/123 A/72/123] || || Switch to calendar year reporting
|-
| 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360 A/71/360] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360/add.1 A/71/360/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014/15 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/764 A/70/764] || ||
|-
| 2013/14 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292 A/69/292] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292/add.1 A/69/292/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/356 A/68/356] || ||
|-
| 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329 A/67/329] || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329/add.1 A/67/329/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/347 A/66/347] || ||
|-
| 2009/10 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350 A/65/350] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350/add.1 A/65/350/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/352 A/64/352] || ||
|-
| 2007/08 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/310 A/63/310] || ||
|-
| 2006/07 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/315 A/62/315] || ||
|-
| 2005/06 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/257 A/61/257] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/257/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2004/05 || [https://undocs.org/A/60/310 A/60/310] || ||
|-
| 2003/04 || [https://undocs.org/A/59/299 A/59/299] || ||
|-
| 2002/03 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/666 A/58/666] || ||
|- 
| 2001/02 || [https://undocs.org/A/57/414 A/57/414] || ||
|-
| 2000/01 || [https://undocs.org/A/56/512 A/56/512] and [https://undocs.org/A/56/512/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[United Nations staff]]

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Staff Regulations and Rules</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <id>933</id>
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    <text bytes="3505" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2023/1 '''ST/SGB/2023/1'''] (1 January 2023).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* ST/SGB/2018/1, Rev. 1, and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1/Rev.2 Rev. 2] (1 January 2022)
* ST/SGB/2017/1 (16 December 2016)
* ST/SGB/2016/1 (1 July 2016)
* ST/SGB/2014/1 (1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/A/59/291 A/59/291] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/732 A/61.732] Staffing of field missions, including the use of 300 and 100-series appointments&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/1 ST/SGB/2000/1] Staff Rules—100 series&lt;ref&gt;For Article IV (appointment and promotion), see [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/5 ST/SGB/1999/5]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/2 ST/SGB/2000/2] Staff Rules—200 series applicable to technical assistance project personnel
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/3 ST/SGB/2000/3] Staff Rules—300 series governing appointments for service of a limited duration

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
    <sha1>b06763e29ba5a7e40b39c51cda19f0344321f1f1</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Our Common Agenda</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secreta..."</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3546" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/308 resolution 76/308] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023. 

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022 following the adoption resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for future generations]
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an Emergency Platform]
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.2 meaningful youth engagement in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: beyond gross domestic product 
# Policy brief 5: global digital compact
# Policy brief 6: public information
# Policy brief 7: international financial architecture
# Policy brief 8: outer space
# Policy brief 9: towards a new agenda for peace
# Policy brief 10: transforming education
# Policy brief 11: United Nations 2.0

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>ec1787dabe22601a08b645c6995f943d4d90208b</sha1>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Legislative history */ Changed typo in URL for Youth Office resolution</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3545" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/306 resolution 76/306] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023. 

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022 following the adoption resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for future generations]
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an Emergency Platform]
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.2 meaningful youth engagement in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: beyond gross domestic product 
# Policy brief 5: global digital compact
# Policy brief 6: public information
# Policy brief 7: international financial architecture
# Policy brief 8: outer space
# Policy brief 9: towards a new agenda for peace
# Policy brief 10: transforming education
# Policy brief 11: United Nations 2.0

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>d18202671825c22610a39fdc640d03b45bc9cc01</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Policy briefs */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3721" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/306 resolution 76/306] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023. 

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022&lt;ref&gt;''Our Common Agenda'': Summary of Thematic Consultations https://www.un.org/pga/76/2022/05/20/letter-from-the-president-of-the-general-assembly-final-oca-summary/&lt;/ref&gt; following the adoption of resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for future generations]
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an Emergency Platform]
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.2 meaningful youth engagement in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: beyond gross domestic product 
# Policy brief 5: global digital compact
# Policy brief 6: public information
# Policy brief 7: international financial architecture
# Policy brief 8: outer space
# Policy brief 9: towards a new agenda for peace
# Policy brief 10: transforming education
# Policy brief 11: United Nations 2.0

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <comment>/* High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3722" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/306 resolution 76/306] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. 

HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023.

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022&lt;ref&gt;''Our Common Agenda'': Summary of Thematic Consultations https://www.un.org/pga/76/2022/05/20/letter-from-the-president-of-the-general-assembly-final-oca-summary/&lt;/ref&gt; following the adoption of resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for future generations]
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an Emergency Platform]
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.2 meaningful youth engagement in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: beyond gross domestic product 
# Policy brief 5: global digital compact
# Policy brief 6: public information
# Policy brief 7: international financial architecture
# Policy brief 8: outer space
# Policy brief 9: towards a new agenda for peace
# Policy brief 10: transforming education
# Policy brief 11: United Nations 2.0

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Project:About</title>
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    <text bytes="3549" xml:space="preserve">Welcome to the '''Peacekeeping References Wiki'''!

== Who created this website? ==

This website was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in September 2018. Eugene is currently Director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding Program at the [https://cic.nyu.edu NYU Center on International Cooperation]. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes at the United Nations.

Prior to joining NYU, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as [[peacebuilding]] financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations [[peace operations]]. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the [[Peacekeeping operations|United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti]], the [[Department of Field Support]], and the [[Peace and security architecture|Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. government at the United Nations on subjects including [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations|peacekeeping financing]] and [[Cross-cutting resolutions|cross-cutting]] [[C34|policy issues]], the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and [[United Nations reform|institutional reform]].

== Why does this website exist? ==
The United Nations is an extremely complex organization. Much of how the bureaucracy and intergovernmental processes work is based on a mix of tradition, mythology and a labyrinthine set of resolutions, regulations and rules. Compounding these challenges is the fact that navigation of [https://documents.un.org official documentation] is far from intuitive. 

This website is intended to make it easier to understand the nuts and bolts of United Nations peacekeeping operations. This is not an exhaustive resource. Eugene has taken every effort to provide references to official documents or internal policies, but '''this website is not an authoritative reference'''.

== Who is this website for? ==
This website has its origins in a collection of post-it notes and gradually grew to include a list of commonly-referenced documents and a set of handover notes. At some point, Eugene decided to translate all of these materials into a wiki format, where it would be much more easily searchable. There is little method to the madness when it comes to the order in which pages are added. The subjects covered are ones of interest to Eugene. 

Putting the material into a public wiki has the secondary benefit of allowing others to benefit from the information (and reducing the amount of time the webmaster spends fielding questions from inside and outside the United Nations about various esoteric topics). 

== What does the URL mean? ==
"Casque bleu" is "blue helmet" in French.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2(I) 2 (I)] of 1 February 1946 established English and French as working languages of the Secretariat and paragraph 59 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/9 resolution 70/9] of 13 November 2015 established multilingualism as a core value of the Organization.&lt;/ref&gt; The blue helmet has been associated with United Nations peacekeeping operations since the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in 1956&lt;ref&gt;"What is the origin of the blue helmets worn by UN peacekeepers?" Dag Hammarskjöld Library website. http://ask.un.org/faq/209615&lt;/ref&gt;.

== When is this website updated? ==
Whenever Eugene has time (or feels like doing so). 

== References ==</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="2205" xml:space="preserve">Welcome to the '''Peacekeeping References Wiki'''!

== Why does this website exist? ==
The United Nations is an extremely complex organization. Much of how the bureaucracy and intergovernmental processes work is based on a mix of tradition, mythology and a labyrinthine set of resolutions, regulations and rules. Compounding these challenges is the fact that navigation of [https://documents.un.org official documentation] is far from intuitive. 

This website is intended to make it easier to understand the nuts and bolts of United Nations peacekeeping operations. This is not an exhaustive resource. its creator has taken every effort to provide references to official documents or internal policies, but '''this website is not an authoritative reference'''.

== Who is this website for? ==
This website has its origins in a collection of post-it notes and gradually grew to include a list of commonly-referenced documents and a set of handover notes. At some point, its creator decided to translate all of these materials into a wiki format, where it would be much more easily searchable. There is little method to the madness when it comes to the order in which pages are added. The subjects covered are ones of interest to its creator. 

Putting the material into a public wiki has the secondary benefit of allowing others to benefit from the information (and reducing the amount of time spent fielding questions from inside and outside the United Nations about various esoteric topics). 

== What does the URL mean? ==
"Casque bleu" is "blue helmet" in French.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2(I) 2 (I)] of 1 February 1946 established English and French as working languages of the Secretariat and paragraph 59 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/9 resolution 70/9] of 13 November 2015 established multilingualism as a core value of the Organization.&lt;/ref&gt; The blue helmet has been associated with United Nations peacekeeping operations since the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in 1956&lt;ref&gt;"What is the origin of the blue helmets worn by UN peacekeepers?" Dag Hammarskjöld Library website. http://ask.un.org/faq/209615&lt;/ref&gt;.

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="2304" xml:space="preserve">Welcome to the '''Peacekeeping References Wiki'''!

== Who created this website? ==
This website was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in September 2018. 

== Why does this website exist? ==
The United Nations is an extremely complex organization. Much of how the bureaucracy and intergovernmental processes work is based on a mix of tradition, mythology and a labyrinthine set of resolutions, regulations and rules. Compounding these challenges is the fact that navigation of [https://documents.un.org official documentation] is far from intuitive. 

This website is intended to make it easier to understand the nuts and bolts of United Nations peacekeeping operations. This is not an exhaustive resource. its creator has taken every effort to provide references to official documents or internal policies, but '''this website is not an authoritative reference'''.

== Who is this website for? ==
This website has its origins in a collection of post-it notes and gradually grew to include a list of commonly-referenced documents and a set of handover notes. At some point, its creator decided to translate all of these materials into a wiki format, where it would be much more easily searchable. There is little method to the madness when it comes to the order in which pages are added. The subjects covered are ones of interest to its creator. 

Putting the material into a public wiki has the secondary benefit of allowing others to benefit from the information (and reducing the amount of time spent fielding questions from inside and outside the United Nations about various esoteric topics). 

== What does the URL mean? ==
"Casque bleu" is "blue helmet" in French.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2(I) 2 (I)] of 1 February 1946 established English and French as working languages of the Secretariat and paragraph 59 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/9 resolution 70/9] of 13 November 2015 established multilingualism as a core value of the Organization.&lt;/ref&gt; The blue helmet has been associated with United Nations peacekeeping operations since the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in 1956&lt;ref&gt;"What is the origin of the blue helmets worn by UN peacekeepers?" Dag Hammarskjöld Library website. http://ask.un.org/faq/209615&lt;/ref&gt;.

== References ==</text>
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  <title>United Nations system</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="9672" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations system''' consists of the United Nations and related organizations. 

== Related concepts ==

The term '''agencies, funds and programmes''' is often used as a shorthand for the operational agencies within the system other than the Secretariat. In addition to the funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, the colloquial use of this term also covers other entities such as UNHCR and related organizations such as IOM. 

The '''common system''' is often used as a shorthand for the organizations within the United Nations system that adhere to the [[common system]] of salaries, benefits and allowances.

== Definitions ==

=== United Nations ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 7'''&lt;br /&gt;There are established as principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice and a Secretariat. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
The United Nations consists of the six Main Organs defined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]] and their subsidiary organs, which can include committees, operational agencies or organs with characteristics of both&lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;. For the purposes of this article, only the operational agencies are listed. 

==== Main bodies ====
* '''The General Assembly'''
* '''The Security Council''' 
* '''The Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC)
* '''The Trusteeship Council'''
* '''The International Court of Justice''' (ICJ)
* '''The Secretariat'''
*: The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the Organization, as per Article 97 of the Charter, and is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The terms of appointment of the Secretary-General are outlined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/11(I) 11 (I)], and additional considerations are contained in the annexes to [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/241 resolution 51/241] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/286 60/286]. 

==== Funds and programmes ====
The funds and programmes are subsidiary organs of the United Nations, under Article 7.2 of the Charter, and do not have separate juridical personality from the United Nations even if they are separately administered. 
* '''United Nations Development Programme''' (UNDP)
*: UNDP was established with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2029(XX) resolution 2029 (XX)] through the merger of the United Nations Special Fund&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/1240%20(XIII) resolution 1240 (XIII)]&lt;/ref&gt; and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance. UNDP is led by an Administrator (formerly the Managing Director of the Special Fund), appointed by the Secretary-General and subject to confirmation by the General Assembly.  
*: UNDP, UNFPA and UNOPS are overseen by a joint Executive Board, which replaced the earlier UNDP Governing Council with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/162 resolution 48/162].
* '''United Nations Environment Programme''' (UNEP)
*: UNEP was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)]. As per this resolution, the Secretariat of UNEP is headed by an Executive Director elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the General Assembly. 
*: See also [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] Organization of the secretariat of the United Nations  Environment Programme
* '''United Nations Population Fund''' (UNFPA)
* '''United Nations Human Settlements Programme''' (UN-Habitat)
* '''United Nations Children's Fund''' (UNICEF)
*: UNICEF was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/57(i) resolution 57 (I)]. As per this resolution, UNICEF is administered by an Executive Director under policies established by the UNICEF Executive Board. The Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General in consultation with the Executive Board.
* '''World Food Programme''' (WFP)
*: WFP is a joint programme of the United Nations and FAO and is subject to the FAO regulations and rules. 

==== Other entities ====
A number of other entities are also considered subsidiary organs under Article 7.2 of the Charter.
* '''International Trade Centre''' (ITC)
*: The ITC is a joint subsidiary organ of the United Nations, via UNCTAD, and the World Trade Organization.
* '''Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS''' (UNAIDS)
*: UNAIDS is a joint programme established by ECOSOC in its resolution 1994/24. Its Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General on recommendation of its sponsoring organizations (ILO, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, WFP, WHO and the World Bank). UNAIDS uses WHO regulations and rules. 
* '''United Nations Conference on Trade and Development''' (UNCTAD)
* '''Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees''' (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt;
*: The Statute of UNHCR is contained in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/428(V) resolution 428 (V)]. It specifies that the High Commissioner shall be elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the Secretary-General. 
* '''United Nations Office for Project Services''' (UNOPS)
* '''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East''' (UNRWA) &lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women''' (UN-Women)

=== Specialized agencies ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 57'''&lt;br /&gt;1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.&lt;br /&gt;2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 63'''&lt;br /&gt;The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.&lt;br /&gt;It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC at the intergovernmental level and the [[Chief Executives Board]] (CEB) at the inter-secretariat level, in line with articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. They are therefore not legally part of the United Nations, but are part of the broader United Nations system. 

* '''Food and Agriculture Organization''' (FAO)
* '''International Civil Aviation Organizatio'''n (ICAO)
* '''International Fund for Agricultural Development''' (IFAD)
* '''International Labour Organization''' (ILO)
* '''International Monetary Fund''' (IMF)&lt;ref&gt;The IMF is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Maritime Organization''' (IMO)
* '''International Telecommunication Union''' (ITU)
* '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (UNESCO)
* '''United Nations Industrial Development Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Tourism Organization''' (UNWTO)
* '''World Intellectual Property Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Meteorological Organization''' (WMO)
* '''World Bank Group'''&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank Group is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
** International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
** International Development Association (IDA)
** International Finance Corporation (IFC)

=== Related organizations ===
Related organizations are autonomous organizations with cooperation agreements with the United Nations. Although many are similar to the specialized agencies and some coordinate their work through the CEB, their cooperation agreements make no specific reference to articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 
* '''Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization''' (CTBTO Preparatory Commission)
* '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' (IAEA)
*: IAEA reports to the Security Council.
* ''' International Criminal Court''' (ICC)
* '''International Organization for Migration''' (IOM)&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/296 resolution 70/296] Agreement concerning the Relationship between the United Nations and the International Organization for Migration(25 July 2016)&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Seabed Authority''' (ISA)
* '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' (ITLOS)
* '''Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons''' (OPCW)
*: OPCW reports to the Security Council.
* '''World Trade Organization''' (WTO)

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Administration of justice]]
* [[United Nations country team]]
* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>b90e0819669521078871e05fa7521ac846ab4374</sha1>
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    <text bytes="9672" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations system''' consists of the United Nations and related organizations. 

== Related concepts ==

The term '''agencies, funds and programmes''' is often used as a shorthand for the operational agencies within the system other than the Secretariat. In addition to the funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, the colloquial use of this term also covers other entities such as UNHCR and related organizations such as IOM. 

The '''common system''' is often used as a shorthand for the organizations within the United Nations system that adhere to the [[common system]] of salaries, benefits and allowances.

== Definitions ==

=== United Nations ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 7'''&lt;br /&gt;There are established as principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice and a Secretariat. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
The United Nations consists of the six Main Organs defined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]] and their subsidiary organs, which can include committees, operational agencies or organs with characteristics of both&lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;. For the purposes of this article, only the operational agencies are listed. 

==== Main bodies ====
* '''The General Assembly'''
* '''The Security Council''' 
* '''The Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC)
* '''The Trusteeship Council'''
* '''The International Court of Justice''' (ICJ)
* '''The Secretariat'''
*: The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the Organization, as per Article 97 of the Charter, and is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The terms of appointment of the Secretary-General are outlined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/11(I) 11 (I)], and additional considerations are contained in the annexes to [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/241 resolution 51/241] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/286 60/286]. 

==== Funds and programmes ====
The funds and programmes are subsidiary organs of the United Nations, under Article 7.2 of the Charter, and do not have separate juridical personality from the United Nations even if they are separately administered. 
* '''United Nations Development Programme''' (UNDP)
*: UNDP was established with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2029(XX) resolution 2029 (XX)] through the merger of the United Nations Special Fund&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/1240%20(XIII) resolution 1240 (XIII)]&lt;/ref&gt; and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance. UNDP is led by an Administrator (formerly the Managing Director of the Special Fund), appointed by the Secretary-General and subject to confirmation by the General Assembly.  
*: UNDP, UNFPA and UNOPS are overseen by a joint Executive Board, which replaced the earlier UNDP Governing Council with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/162 resolution 48/162].
* '''United Nations Environment Programme''' (UNEP)
*: UNEP was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)]. As per this resolution, the Secretariat of UNEP is headed by an Executive Director elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the Secretary-General. 
*: See also [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] Organization of the secretariat of the United Nations  Environment Programme
* '''United Nations Population Fund''' (UNFPA)
* '''United Nations Human Settlements Programme''' (UN-Habitat)
* '''United Nations Children's Fund''' (UNICEF)
*: UNICEF was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/57(i) resolution 57 (I)]. As per this resolution, UNICEF is administered by an Executive Director under policies established by the UNICEF Executive Board. The Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General in consultation with the Executive Board.
* '''World Food Programme''' (WFP)
*: WFP is a joint programme of the United Nations and FAO and is subject to the FAO regulations and rules.

==== Other entities ====
A number of other entities are also considered subsidiary organs under Article 7.2 of the Charter.
* '''International Trade Centre''' (ITC)
*: The ITC is a joint subsidiary organ of the United Nations, via UNCTAD, and the World Trade Organization.
* '''Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS''' (UNAIDS)
*: UNAIDS is a joint programme established by ECOSOC in its resolution 1994/24. Its Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General on recommendation of its sponsoring organizations (ILO, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, WFP, WHO and the World Bank). UNAIDS uses WHO regulations and rules. 
* '''United Nations Conference on Trade and Development''' (UNCTAD)
* '''Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees''' (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt;
*: The Statute of UNHCR is contained in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/428(V) resolution 428 (V)]. It specifies that the High Commissioner shall be elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the Secretary-General. 
* '''United Nations Office for Project Services''' (UNOPS)
* '''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East''' (UNRWA) &lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women''' (UN-Women)

=== Specialized agencies ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 57'''&lt;br /&gt;1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.&lt;br /&gt;2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 63'''&lt;br /&gt;The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.&lt;br /&gt;It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC at the intergovernmental level and the [[Chief Executives Board]] (CEB) at the inter-secretariat level, in line with articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. They are therefore not legally part of the United Nations, but are part of the broader United Nations system. 

* '''Food and Agriculture Organization''' (FAO)
* '''International Civil Aviation Organizatio'''n (ICAO)
* '''International Fund for Agricultural Development''' (IFAD)
* '''International Labour Organization''' (ILO)
* '''International Monetary Fund''' (IMF)&lt;ref&gt;The IMF is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Maritime Organization''' (IMO)
* '''International Telecommunication Union''' (ITU)
* '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (UNESCO)
* '''United Nations Industrial Development Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Tourism Organization''' (UNWTO)
* '''World Intellectual Property Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Meteorological Organization''' (WMO)
* '''World Bank Group'''&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank Group is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
** International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
** International Development Association (IDA)
** International Finance Corporation (IFC)

=== Related organizations ===
Related organizations are autonomous organizations with cooperation agreements with the United Nations. Although many are similar to the specialized agencies and some coordinate their work through the CEB, their cooperation agreements make no specific reference to articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 
* '''Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization''' (CTBTO Preparatory Commission)
* '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' (IAEA)
*: IAEA reports to the Security Council.
* ''' International Criminal Court''' (ICC)
* '''International Organization for Migration''' (IOM)&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/296 resolution 70/296] Agreement concerning the Relationship between the United Nations and the International Organization for Migration(25 July 2016)&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Seabed Authority''' (ISA)
* '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' (ITLOS)
* '''Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons''' (OPCW)
*: OPCW reports to the Security Council.
* '''World Trade Organization''' (WTO)

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Administration of justice]]
* [[United Nations country team]]
* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>International Civil Service Commission</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="5378" xml:space="preserve">The '''International Civil Service Commission''' ('''ICSC''') is an expert body established by the General Assembly for the
regulation and coordination of the conditions of service of the United Nations '''common system''' of salaries, allowances and benefits. 

== Statute ==
The ICSC was established in 1974, following the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/3042(XXVII) 3042(XXVII)] of 19 December 1972, to replace the previous International Civil Service Advisory Board. The General Assembly approved the ICSC statute in resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/3357(XXIX) 3357(XXIX)] of 18 December 1974. 

The functions and powers of the ICSC are enumerated in Chapter III of the statute, of which articles 10 and 11 are of particular note:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
'''Article 10'''
The Commission shall make recommendations to the General Assembly on:
: (a) The broad principles for the determination of the conditions of service of the staff;
: (b) The scales of salaries and [[post adjustment|post adjustments]] for staff in the [[categories of personnel|Professional and higher categories]];
: (c) Allowances and benefits of staff which are determined by the General Assembly;
: (d) [[Staff assessment]].
'''Article 11'''
The Commission shall establish:
: (a) The methods by which the principles for determining conditions of service should be applied;
: (b) Rates of allowances and benefits, other than pensions and those referred to in article 10 (c), the conditions of entitlement thereto and standards of travel;
: (c) The classification of duty stations for the purpose of applying post adjustments. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

For specialized agencies and other organizations to which General Assembly decisions do not apply, the statute specifies provisions as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
'''Article 24'''
: 1. Recommendations of the Commission under article 10 shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the executive heads of the other organizations. 
: 2. The decisions taken thereon by the General Assembly shall be communicated by the Secretary-General to the executive heads of the other organizations for action under their constitutional procedures.
: 3. The executive head of each organization shall inform the Commission of all relevant decisions taken by the governing organ of his organization.
: 4. The recommendations under paragraph 1 above shall be communicated to staff representatives. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Composition ==
The ICSC currently consists of 15 members, including full-time Chair and Vice-Chair with the status of [[categories of personnel|Official other than Secretariat Official]], which is supported by a secretariat headed by an executive director. The full commission meets twice a year.

Information on conditions of service for the Chair and Vice-Chair of the ICSC can be found in the article on [[conditions of service for officials other than Secretariat officials]]

== Participation in the common system ==
In addition to the United Nations and its separately-administered funds and programmes, the following specialized and related agencies and other organizations within the [[United Nations system]] which formally participate in the common system are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/1/Rev.2 ICSC Statute and Rules of Procedure&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Organization !! Short form !! Date !! [[administration of justice|Administrative tribunal]]
|-
| International Labour Organization || ILO || 14 December 1946 || ILOAT
|-
| Food and Agriculture Organization || FAO || 14 December 1946 || ILOAT
|-
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization || UNESCO || 14 December 1946 || ILOAT
|-
| International Civil Aviation Organization || ICAO || 13 May 1947 || UNAT
|-
| World Health Organization || WHO || 10 July 1948 || ILOAT
|-
| International Maritime Organization || IMO || 13 January 1949 || UNAT
|-
| United Postal Union || UPU || 1 July 1948 || ILOAT
|-
| International Telecommunications Union || ITU || 1 January 1949 || ILOAT
|-
| World Meteorological Organization || WMO || 20 December 1951 || ILOAT
|-
| International Fund for Agricultural Development || IFAD || 15 December 1977 || 
|-
| United Nations Industrial Development Organization || UNIDO || 17 December 1985 || ILOAT
|-
| International Atomic Energy Agency || IAEA || 14 November 1947 || ILOAT
|-
| World Tourism Organization || UNWTO || 23 December 2013 ||
|-
| International Seabed Authority || ISA || 14 March 1997 ||
|-
| International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea || ITLOS || 18 December 1997 ||
|-
| Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization || CTBTO || 26 May 2000 ||
|-
|}

In addition, a number of organizations utilize the common system but have not formally accepted the ICSC statute, including the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/1/Rev.2 ICSC Statute and Rules of Procedure&lt;/ref&gt;.

The Bretton Woods organizations (International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group) are members of the United Nations system but do not use the common system and follow a separate system of salaries, allowances and benefits.&lt;ref&gt;ICSC/1/Rev.2 ICSC Statute and Rules of Procedure&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [https://icsc.un.org icsc.un.org] Website of the International Civil Service Commission

== References ==

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    <text bytes="31" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Our Common Agenda]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>/* Regular reports */</comment>
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    <text bytes="17394" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

=== Regular reports ===

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530 A/77/530] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 13 October 2023 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_0m_ST_2022_10_13_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC_.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435/ADD.1 A/76/435/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 5 May 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_Fin_Sit/C5_76_2r_ST_2022_05_05_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435 A/76/435] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 19 October 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_UN_Fin_situation/C5_76_0m_ST_2021_10_19_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387/Add.1 A/75/387/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_2r_ST_2021_05_07_Item_143_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387 A/75/387] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 8 October 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_0m_ST_2020_10_08_Item_143_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

=== Special reports ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/76/429 A/76/429] Improving the financial situation of the United Nations
*: Proposed further measures to deal with continuing liquidity challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] Improving the financial situation of the United Nations
*: Proposed measures under the programme and peacekeeping budgets to address worsening liquidity challenges in the Secretariat

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
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    <text bytes="9247" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the T/PCC and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/75/121 2020 edition]. 

== Types of contingent-owned equipment ==
All COE falls under one of two types, which are reimbursed in different ways: '''major equipment''', or equipment used by a contingent to support the mission mandate (e.g. vehicles, and '''self-sustainment''', or equipment used by the contingent to support itself (e.g. catering, laundry, office supplies). Some categories of equipment can be reimbursed as either major equipment or self-sustainment based on how it is used, e.g. electrical and medical equipment. 

=== Major equipment ===
Major equipment is reimbursed per item or set of equipment using a monthly rate calculated based on the total cost of the equipment and its estimated useful life. If the contingent is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a wet lease), a maintenance factor is included in the reimbursement rate. Otherwise, the UN is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a dry lease). The reimbursement rate also includes a no-fault incident factor, which addresses costs that may be incurred in dealing with damage resulting from no-fault incidents. No reimbursement is paid on account of equipment that is not present or serviceable. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex A&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Self-sustainment ===
In the MOU, the UN and the T/PCC agree on which categories of self-sustainment will be provided by the UN and which by the contingent. For those categories provided by the contingent, reimbursement is paid on a per-person, per-month basis if the agreed service is provided to UN standard. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex B&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Factors ===
Reimbursement rates also take into account a number of factors that provide additional reimbursement. These include
* '''Mission factors'''&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 7&lt;/ref&gt;
** Extreme environmental conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Intensified operational conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Hostile action or forced abandonment factor (maximum of 5% bonus to self-sustainment rates or half of the maintenance rate for major equipment)
* '''Incremental transportation factor''' &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;
** Calculated based on the distance between port of embarkation for in the T/PCC and the port of entry of the mission area, to account for the costs of maintaining supply lines for spare parts, consumables, etc. Applies to the maintenance rate for major equipment only. 

== Loss or damage == 
Loss or damage due to no-fault incidents is covered under the no-fault incident factor.

Loss or damage due to hostile action is covered under the hostile action or forced abandonment mission factor for low-value loss/damage. For high-value single incidents or cumulative losses, the T/PCC can file a claim with the UN.&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 6&lt;/ref&gt; 

== COE Working Group ==
The COE Working Group meets for a two-week session every three years and makes recommendations to the [[Fifth Committee]] of the General Assembly on the basis of issue papers submitted either by Member States or the Secretariat. These recommendations are contained in a report transmitted in a letter from the Chair of the Working Group to the Chair of the Fifth Committee. In recent years, the COE Working Group has divided its work amongst three sub-working groups, one covering major equipment, one covering self-sustainment and one covering medical issues (given the level of specialized expertise required). 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [https://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [https://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/279 74/279]
| 30 Jun 2020
| 2020
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/689 A/74/689]
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/698 A/74/698]
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/754 A/74/754]
| No agreement reached by working group on changes to rates
|-
|
|
| 2023
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/736 A/77/736]
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/757 A/77/757]
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/832 A/77/832]
|
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. The COE Manual is issued after the General Assembly has taken action on the recommendations of the COE Working Group and reflects the updated policies, procedures and rates related to COE, as well as the text of the model [[memorandum of understanding]].

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2020 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/A/75/121 A/75/121]
* 2017 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

== See also ==
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Personnel reimbursement]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
    <sha1>d8b0c61274658d2f022b887edf38ce1419ffe209</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20220703212213|906">
  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>23</id>
  <revision>
    <id>954</id>
    <parentid>900</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-04-28T14:13:45Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Budget requests for programmatic activities */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6305" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Note by the Secretary-General [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: Report of the ACABQ [https://undocs.org/A/60/929 A/60/929]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]].

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these activities are generally performed by United Nations country teams. However, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

In responding to these requests, Secretary-General included the following information in the peacekeeping overview report for 2020/21, saying:

: When a mission decides to implement programmatic activities through an implementing partner that is not part of the Secretariat, the accountability framework is provided by entering into a standard memorandum of understanding, included in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations-Department of Field Support guidelines of November 2017 (annex F). Under the memorandum of understanding, the responsibilities of the implementing  partners  and  their  reporting  obligations  towards  the  missions  are established. These include a calendar for submitting to the mission substantive and financial reports on the implementation of services and related outputs, achievements and financial outcome. It is also required under the memorandum of understanding that implementing partners comply with its internal and external audit procedures as set out in its financial regulations and rules and that, on that basis, the mission and the  implementing  partners  should  cooperate  to  rectify  any  issues  with  respect  to activities relating to the funds provided by the mission under the memorandum of understanding. Furthermore, with respect to accountability standards, the template memorandum  of  understanding  includes  the  provisions  regarding  due  care  and diligence  in  the  performance  of  services  by  the  implementing  partners  and  the responsibility for claims brought by any third party. The Secretariat has disseminated the memorandum of understanding to all missions and provides them with technical assistance, when requested, in collaboration with relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], section XVII, paragraph 266&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2023/24 || 195,224,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/779 A/77/779], Annex IX
|-
| 2022/23 || 201,232,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717], Annex VIII
|-
| 2021/22 || 193,767,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786], Annex VIII
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>fdd4d7d02e49fd77389b16a536b730e2255d0146</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>23</id>
  <revision>
    <id>956</id>
    <parentid>954</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-05-08T10:25:03Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Member State concerns */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7143" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Note by the Secretary-General [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: Report of the ACABQ [https://undocs.org/A/60/929 A/60/929]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]].

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these types of activities are generally performed by [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]. Despite these concerns, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

== Implementation by country teams ==

Programmatic activities have increasingly been implemented on behalf of missions by members of the country team. Mission [[transitions]] have been a major catalyst for such efforts. One of the first major examples was the provision of $2.7 million in the 2012/13 UNMIT budget to UNDP, UNICEF, UN-Women and UNFPA to implement activities in support of the transition process, facilitated by joint planning and the singing of memorandums of understanding between the mission and the relevant funds and programmes. Similarly, the country team was engaged in mandated mission tasks during the transition of UNMIL.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/968 S/2016/968]Special report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia&lt;/ref&gt;

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

In responding to these requests, Secretary-General included the following information in the peacekeeping overview report for 2020/21, saying:

: When a mission decides to implement programmatic activities through an implementing partner that is not part of the Secretariat, the accountability framework is provided by entering into a standard memorandum of understanding, included in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations-Department of Field Support guidelines of November 2017 (annex F). Under the memorandum of understanding, the responsibilities of the implementing  partners  and  their  reporting  obligations  towards  the  missions  are established. These include a calendar for submitting to the mission substantive and financial reports on the implementation of services and related outputs, achievements and financial outcome. It is also required under the memorandum of understanding that implementing partners comply with its internal and external audit procedures as set out in its financial regulations and rules and that, on that basis, the mission and the  implementing  partners  should  cooperate  to  rectify  any  issues  with  respect  to activities relating to the funds provided by the mission under the memorandum of understanding. Furthermore, with respect to accountability standards, the template memorandum  of  understanding  includes  the  provisions  regarding  due  care  and diligence  in  the  performance  of  services  by  the  implementing  partners  and  the responsibility for claims brought by any third party. The Secretariat has disseminated the memorandum of understanding to all missions and provides them with technical assistance, when requested, in collaboration with relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], section XVII, paragraph 266&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2023/24 || 195,224,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/779 A/77/779], Annex IX
|-
| 2022/23 || 201,232,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717], Annex VIII
|-
| 2021/22 || 193,767,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786], Annex VIII
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>cb213441072531e0fa01383f5d2dd9662c69db33</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>957</id>
    <parentid>956</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-05-08T10:29:53Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Implementation by country teams */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7485" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Note by the Secretary-General [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: Report of the ACABQ [https://undocs.org/A/60/929 A/60/929]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]].

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these types of activities are generally performed by [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]. Despite these concerns, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

== Implementation by country teams ==

Programmatic activities have increasingly been implemented on behalf of missions by members of the country team. Mission [[transitions]] have been a major catalyst for such efforts. One of the first major examples was the provision of $2.7 million in the 2012/13 UNMIT budget to UNDP, UNICEF, UN-Women and UNFPA to implement activities in support of the transition process, facilitated by joint planning and the singing of memorandums of understanding between the mission and the relevant funds and programmes. Similarly, the country team was engaged in the implementation of mandated mission tasks during the transition of UNMIL&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/968 S/2016/968]Special report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia&lt;/ref&gt;, and state liaison functions managed by the country team but funded through the UNAMID budget were a critical element of the transition in Darfur&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2021/1099 S/2021/1099] Summary report on lessons learned from the experience of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur&lt;/ref&gt;.  

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

In responding to these requests, Secretary-General included the following information in the peacekeeping overview report for 2020/21, saying:

: When a mission decides to implement programmatic activities through an implementing partner that is not part of the Secretariat, the accountability framework is provided by entering into a standard memorandum of understanding, included in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations-Department of Field Support guidelines of November 2017 (annex F). Under the memorandum of understanding, the responsibilities of the implementing  partners  and  their  reporting  obligations  towards  the  missions  are established. These include a calendar for submitting to the mission substantive and financial reports on the implementation of services and related outputs, achievements and financial outcome. It is also required under the memorandum of understanding that implementing partners comply with its internal and external audit procedures as set out in its financial regulations and rules and that, on that basis, the mission and the  implementing  partners  should  cooperate  to  rectify  any  issues  with  respect  to activities relating to the funds provided by the mission under the memorandum of understanding. Furthermore, with respect to accountability standards, the template memorandum  of  understanding  includes  the  provisions  regarding  due  care  and diligence  in  the  performance  of  services  by  the  implementing  partners  and  the responsibility for claims brought by any third party. The Secretariat has disseminated the memorandum of understanding to all missions and provides them with technical assistance, when requested, in collaboration with relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], section XVII, paragraph 266&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2023/24 || 195,224,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/779 A/77/779], Annex IX
|-
| 2022/23 || 201,232,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717], Annex VIII
|-
| 2021/22 || 193,767,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786], Annex VIII
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>dd7fb91f1c321705b700d2b459a25dc8afe85b5b</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Transitions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>217</id>
  <revision>
    <id>958</id>
    <parentid>919</parentid>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4029" xml:space="preserve">'''Transitions''' are situations involving significant changes to the configuration of the United Nations presence in a country in which at least one [[peace operations|peace operation]] is present, such as when a peace operation is replaced by a different peace operation or when a peace operation closes and hands over responsibilities to a [[United Nations country team]]. 

The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2594(2021) resolution 2594 (2021)] established the following definition of transitions: 

:"transitions of United Nations Peace Operations are understood as a strategic process which builds towards a reconfiguration of the strategy, footprint, and capacity of the United Nations in a way that supports peacebuilding objectives and the development of a sustainable peace, in a manner that supports and reinforces national ownership, informed by the operational context and the national priorities and needs of the host State and its population, and that includes engagement with local community and civil society, and, where relevant, regional and sub-regional organisations, and other relevant stakeholders, with the full, equal and meaningful participation of women and the inclusion of youth and persons with disabilities"

The term is also used to refer to "re-hatting" situations involving the replacement of a non-United Nations presence by a United Nations peace operation. 

== Official documents ==
=== Resolutions ===
* Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2594(2021) resolution 2594 (2021)]

=== Reports ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2022/522 S/2022/522] Report of the Secretary-General on United Nations transitions
* [https://undocs.org/A/75/787 A/75/787] OIOS evaluation of the relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of UNAMID in supporting transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding in Darfur in collaboration with United Nations country team 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Letter from the Secretary-General on AU-UN transitions in Mali and the Central African Republic

== Internal documents ==
'''Planning'''
* Secretary-General's Planning Directive for the development of consistent and coherent UN Transition processes (25 February 2019)
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89550 Policy on UN Transitions in the Context of Mission Drawdown or Withdrawal] (04 February 2013)

'''Mission support'''
* [http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400925 2018.08 Guide for Senior Leadership on Field Entity Closure (Guidelines)]
** DOS 2018.09 End of Mission/Field Entity Report (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.10 Transition Process Map in a Closing Mission (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.11 Map for Planning and Conducting Mission Closure (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.23 Mission Closure: Task Force Organigram (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.24 Mission Closure: MSD Team Organigram (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.25 Hand-over and Checklist of Mission to DOS Finance and Budget Units (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.26 Development of Mission Support Division Closure Plan (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.27 Development of Mission Support Division Closure Progress Report (Guidelines)
** DOS 2018.28 Environmental Clearance and Handover of Mission Sites (Guidelines)
** DOS 2019.07 Field Entity Closure: Paper and Digital Records and Archives (SOP)
* DPKO/DFS 2012.18 Liquidation Manual (superseded by 2018.08)

== Other documents ==
* UNU/CPR report: ''UN Transitions: Improving Security Council Practice in Mission Settings'' (30 September 2019&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;[https://cpr.unu.edu/research/projects/un-transitions-improving-security-council-practice-in-mission-settings.html link])
* [https://oios.un.org/file/7697/download?token=wi7_C22S OIOS IED-018-002] Evaluation of re-hatting in MINUSMA and MINUSCA

== See also ==
* [[Integrated mission|Integrated assessment and planning policy]]
* [[Peacebuilding]]
* [[Programmatic activities#Implementation by country teams|Programmatic activities]] (implementation of mandated activities by country teams)
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

[[Category: Missions]]</text>
    <sha1>786b559c00f9d852a80379cf5c554686c92cf9aa</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Resident coordinator system</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <id>959</id>
    <parentid>902</parentid>
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    <text bytes="3614" xml:space="preserve">The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the resident coordinator system. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

== Structure ==
The resident coordinator system consists of global, regional and country-level coordination structures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''
** Individual [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]

== Financing ==

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of [[official development assistance]] (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
'''ECOSOC reports'''

An annual report on the work and functioning of the Development Coordination Office is submitted by the Chair of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (the Deputy Secretary-General) to ECOSOC. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2022/54 E/2022/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2022/25 resolution 2022/25] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

'''Other documents'''
* [https://undocs.org/E/AC.51/2023/2 E/AC.51/2023/2] OIOS Evaluation of the Development Coordination Office regional support

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>a6a7236111dab3c2f7a4cb100424d2443eee0ebb</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>981</id>
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    <comment>/* Documents */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="3727" xml:space="preserve">The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the resident coordinator system. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

== Structure ==
The resident coordinator system consists of global, regional and country-level coordination structures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''
** Individual [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]

== Financing ==

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of [[official development assistance]] (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
'''ECOSOC reports'''

An annual report on the work and functioning of the Development Coordination Office is submitted by the Chair of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (the Deputy Secretary-General) to ECOSOC. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2023/62 E/2023/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2023/31 resolution 2023/31] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2022/54 E/2022/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2022/25 resolution 2022/25] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

'''Other documents'''
* [https://undocs.org/E/AC.51/2023/2 E/AC.51/2023/2] OIOS Evaluation of the Development Coordination Office regional support

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>afed290462862a6fcab7ba8ea672f92e8f63ca16</sha1>
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    <comment>Telegramwriter moved page [[Development Coordination Office]] to [[Resident coordinator system]]</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="3727" xml:space="preserve">The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the resident coordinator system. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

== Structure ==
The resident coordinator system consists of global, regional and country-level coordination structures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''
** Individual [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]

== Financing ==

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of [[official development assistance]] (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
'''ECOSOC reports'''

An annual report on the work and functioning of the Development Coordination Office is submitted by the Chair of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (the Deputy Secretary-General) to ECOSOC. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2023/62 E/2023/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2023/31 resolution 2023/31] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2022/54 E/2022/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2022/25 resolution 2022/25] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

'''Other documents'''
* [https://undocs.org/E/AC.51/2023/2 E/AC.51/2023/2] OIOS Evaluation of the Development Coordination Office regional support

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>afed290462862a6fcab7ba8ea672f92e8f63ca16</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>1003</id>
    <parentid>1001</parentid>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4303" xml:space="preserve">The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the '''resident coordinator system'''. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

== Structure ==
The resident coordinator system consists of global, regional and country-level coordination structures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''
** Individual [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]

== Financing ==

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of [[official development assistance]] (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Proposed revised funding model===
As a result of chronic funding shortfalls, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([https://undocs.org/A/78/753 A/78/753]) in 2024 to shift the component funded through voluntary contributions to the SPTF to assessed contributions under a new dedicated section of the programme budget. 

== Documents ==
'''ECOSOC reports'''

An annual report on the work and functioning of the Development Coordination Office is submitted by the Chair of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (the Deputy Secretary-General) to ECOSOC. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2023/62 E/2023/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2023/31 resolution 2023/31] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2022/54 E/2022/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2022/25 resolution 2022/25] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

'''Other documents'''
* [https://undocs.org/E/AC.51/2023/2 E/AC.51/2023/2] OIOS Evaluation of the Development Coordination Office regional support

'''General Assembly reports'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! General Assembly resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/78/753 A/78/753] || [https://undocs.org/A/78/7/Add.46 A/78/7/Add.46] ||   ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>89552929cde54f2c5ff7d9c4f1bc51e33f77ef8e</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>United Nations reform</title>
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    <comment>/* Ban Ki-moon (2007-2016) */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="6045" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

== Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992-1996) ==
=== Structural changes ===
Boutros Boutros-Ghali made several structural changes to the Secretariat at the beginning of his term in 1992, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/46/882 A/46/882]. The newly-established entities, created through the reorganization of existing entities, were as follows:
* Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peace-keeping Operations
* Department of Economic and Social Development 
* Department of Humanitarian Affairs 
* Department of Administration and Management
* Office of Legal Affairs 
Other entities established during his term included:
* Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141] (1993)
* Office of Internal Oversight Services: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218B] (1994)

=== Signature initiatives ===
* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) 
: Intended to re-position the UN to more effectively address peace and security issues after the Cold War
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/50/60 Supplement to An Agenda for Peace]''' (1995)

== Kofi Annan (1997-2006) ==
=== Structural changes ===
In his first year in office, Kofi Annan proposed the reorganization of the Secretariat to establish several new entities, including:
* Deputy Secretary-General (part of broader reorganization of the Executive Office of the Secretary-General)
* Department for Disarmament and Arms Regulation (from the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in DPA)
* Office of the Emergency Relief Coordinator (replaced Department of Humanitarian Affairs)
* Department of Economic and Social Affairs (merger of existing departments)
* Office of Drug Control and Crime Prevention (consolidation of existing functions)
* Department of Management (replaced Department of Management and Administration)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services] (replaced Department of Conference Services)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/51/950 Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform]''' (1997)
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/59/205 In larger freedom: towards development, security, and human rights for all]''' (2005)
: Contained proposals for the 2005 World Summit
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/60/692 Investing in the United Nations: for a stronger Organization worldwide]''' (2006) 

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* '''[[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 

== Ban Ki-moon (2007-2016) ==
=== Structural changes ===
* [[Department of Field Support]] (from Office of Mission Support in DPKO)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding#Key reports and resolutions|Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* [[Peacebuilding#Civilian capacity review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
* '''[[Change Management Team]]''' (2011)
* '''Human Rights Up Front''' (2013)

== António Guterres (2017-present) ==
=== Structural changes ===
* Office of Counter-Terrorism (2017)
* Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (replaced Department of Political Affairs in 2019)
* Department of Peace Operations (replaced Department of Peacekeeping Operations in 2019)
* Department of Operational Support (reorganized from DFS and DM in 2019)
* Department of Management Strategy, Policy, and Compliance (reorganized from DFS and DM in 2019)
* United Nations Youth Office (replaced Office of the Special Envoy on Youth in 2022)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].
* '''[[Our Common Agenda]]''' (2021)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>f4a8cc23fdee06634d33dc291548332436d252d0</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>968</id>
    <parentid>960</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-05-30T15:28:29Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992-1996) */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6116" xml:space="preserve">Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.

== Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992-1996) ==
=== Structural changes ===
Boutros Boutros-Ghali made several structural changes to the Secretariat at the beginning of his term in 1992, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/46/882 A/46/882]. The newly-established entities, created through the reorganization of existing entities, were as follows:
* Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peace-keeping Operations
* Department of Economic and Social Development 
* Department of Humanitarian Affairs 
* Department of Administration and Management
* Office of Legal Affairs 
Other entities established during his term included:
* Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141] (1993)
* Office of Internal Oversight Services: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218B] (1994)

=== Signature initiatives ===
* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) 
: Intended to re-position the UN to more effectively address peace and security issues after the Cold War
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/48/935 An Agenda for Development]''' (1994)
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/50/60 Supplement to An Agenda for Peace]''' (1995)

== Kofi Annan (1997-2006) ==
=== Structural changes ===
In his first year in office, Kofi Annan proposed the reorganization of the Secretariat to establish several new entities, including:
* Deputy Secretary-General (part of broader reorganization of the Executive Office of the Secretary-General)
* Department for Disarmament and Arms Regulation (from the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in DPA)
* Office of the Emergency Relief Coordinator (replaced Department of Humanitarian Affairs)
* Department of Economic and Social Affairs (merger of existing departments)
* Office of Drug Control and Crime Prevention (consolidation of existing functions)
* Department of Management (replaced Department of Management and Administration)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services] (replaced Department of Conference Services)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/51/950 Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform]''' (1997)
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/59/205 In larger freedom: towards development, security, and human rights for all]''' (2005)
: Contained proposals for the 2005 World Summit
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/60/692 Investing in the United Nations: for a stronger Organization worldwide]''' (2006) 

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* '''[[Brahimi report]]''' (2000)
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
* '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005)
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations 

== Ban Ki-moon (2007-2016) ==
=== Structural changes ===
* [[Department of Field Support]] (from Office of Mission Support in DPKO)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007)
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]].
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010)
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]].
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015)
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
** '''[[Peacebuilding#Key reports and resolutions|Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325].

=== Other policy initiatives ===
* [[Peacebuilding#Civilian capacity review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011)
* '''[[Change Management Team]]''' (2011)
* '''Human Rights Up Front''' (2013)

== António Guterres (2017-present) ==
=== Structural changes ===
* Office of Counter-Terrorism (2017)
* Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (replaced Department of Political Affairs in 2019)
* Department of Peace Operations (replaced Department of Peacekeeping Operations in 2019)
* Department of Operational Support (reorganized from DFS and DM in 2019)
* Department of Management Strategy, Policy, and Compliance (reorganized from DFS and DM in 2019)
* United Nations Youth Office (replaced Office of the Special Envoy on Youth in 2022)

=== Signature reform agendas ===
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017)
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]].
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]].
* '''[[Our Common Agenda]]''' (2021)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  </revision>
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<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Independent reviews</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>213</id>
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    <id>961</id>
    <parentid>927</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-05-12T19:00:45Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* List of independent reviews */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8828" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been undertaken of a number of [[special political missions]].

Independent reviews have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission or country  !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Afghanistan || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2679(2023) resolution 2679 (2023)] || Feridun Sinirlioğlu || 
|-
| BINUH || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2600(2021) resolution 2600 (2021)] || Mourad Wahba || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2022/369 S/2022/369]
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1042 S/2021/1042]
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|-
| Assessment of United Nations-African Union cooperation || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
    <sha1>e263dd522cd9148b67b6862f004ee98c189dd99f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>1005</id>
    <parentid>961</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-04-29T15:44:06Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
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    <comment>/* List of independent reviews */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9392" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been undertaken of a number of [[special political missions]].

Independent reviews have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission or country  !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| MINUSCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2709(2023) resolution 2709 (2023)] ||  ||
|-
| UNSOS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2687(2023) resolution 2687 (2023)] ||  ||
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2682(2023) resolution 2682 (2023)] || Volker Perthes || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2024/270 S/2024/270]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2679(2023) resolution 2679 (2023)] || Feridun Sinirlioğlu || 
|-
| BINUH || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2600(2021) resolution 2600 (2021)] || Mourad Wahba || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2022/369 S/2022/369]
|-
| UNSOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2592(2021) resolution 2592 (2021)] || Ian Martin || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2022/716 S/2022/716]
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1042 S/2021/1042]
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|-
| Assessment of United Nations-African Union cooperation || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>73</id>
  <revision>
    <id>962</id>
    <parentid>951</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-05-12T19:04:01Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Regular reports */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="17660" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== Reports and presentations ==

=== Regular reports ===

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530/Add.1 A/77/530/Add.1] || Briefing by the ASG Controller, 4 May 2023 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_2r_ST_2023_05_04_140_Financial_situation_ASG_Controller.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530 A/77/530] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 13 October 2023 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_0m_ST_2022_10_13_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC_.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435/ADD.1 A/76/435/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 5 May 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_Fin_Sit/C5_76_2r_ST_2022_05_05_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435 A/76/435] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 19 October 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_UN_Fin_situation/C5_76_0m_ST_2021_10_19_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387/Add.1 A/75/387/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_2r_ST_2021_05_07_Item_143_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387 A/75/387] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 8 October 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_0m_ST_2020_10_08_Item_143_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

=== Special reports ===
* [https://undocs.org/A/76/429 A/76/429] Improving the financial situation of the United Nations
*: Proposed further measures to deal with continuing liquidity challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic
* [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] Improving the financial situation of the United Nations
*: Proposed measures under the programme and peacekeeping budgets to address worsening liquidity challenges in the Secretariat

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="19803" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== General Assembly resolutions ==
The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on several occasions in response to challenges experienced with the financing situation of the United Nations, titled either '''Improving the financial situation of the Organization''' or '''Current financial crisis and financial emergency of the United Nations'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! General Assembly resolution !! Date !! ACABQ report !! SG report !! notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/272 76/272] || 29 June 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/7/ADD.29 A/76/7/Add.29] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/429 A/76/429] || Proposed further measures to deal with continuing liquidity challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/307 73/307] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/891 A/73/891] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] || Proposed measures under the programme and peacekeeping budgets to address worsening liquidity challenges in the Secretariat
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/220 48/220] || 23 December 1993 || || [https://undocs.org/A/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/A/48/503/Add.1 Add.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/48/565 A/48/565] and [https://undocs.org/A/48/565/Corr.1 Corr.1] || Consideration of the report of the Independent Advisory Group on United Nations Financing
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/215 47/215] || 23 December 1992 || [https://undocs.org/A/46/765 A/46/765] and [https://undocs.org/A/47/565 A/47/565] || [https://undocs.org/A/46/600 A/46/600], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.1 Add.1], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.2 Add.2], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.3 Add.3], and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/47/13 A/C.5/47.13] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/236 45/236 A and B] || 21 December 1990 || [https://undocs.org/A/45/860 A/45/860] || [https://undocs.org/A/45/830 A/45/830] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/45/17 A/C.5/45/17] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/195 44/195 A and B] || 21 December 1989 || [https://undocs.org/A/44/873 A/44/873] || [https://undocs.org/A/44/857 A/44/857] and [https://undocs.org/A/44/857/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/215 43/215] || 21 December 1988 || || [https://undocs.org/A/43/932 A/43/932] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/212 42/212] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/A/42/861 A/42/861] || [https://undocs.org/A/42/841 A/42/841] ||
|}

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/78/524 A/78/524] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 9 October 2023 [https://estatements.unmeetings.org/estatements/11.0050/20231009100000000/LtH1mQEfTYoc/AG0Moye2JGq9_en.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530/Add.1 A/77/530/Add.1] || Briefing by the ASG Controller, 4 May 2023 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_2r_ST_2023_05_04_140_Financial_situation_ASG_Controller.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530 A/77/530] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 13 October 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_0m_ST_2022_10_13_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC_.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435/ADD.1 A/76/435/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 5 May 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_Fin_Sit/C5_76_2r_ST_2022_05_05_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435 A/76/435] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 19 October 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_UN_Fin_situation/C5_76_0m_ST_2021_10_19_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387/Add.1 A/75/387/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_2r_ST_2021_05_07_Item_143_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387 A/75/387] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 8 October 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_0m_ST_2020_10_08_Item_143_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the peacekeeping budget process also contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>4ed5b5f592aad4890b7e2adc989506224c15c96c</sha1>
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    <text bytes="19902" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== General Assembly resolutions ==
The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on several occasions in response to challenges experienced with the financing situation of the United Nations, titled either '''Improving the financial situation of the Organization''' or '''Current financial crisis and financial emergency of the United Nations'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! General Assembly resolution !! Date !! ACABQ report !! SG report !! notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/272 76/272] || 29 June 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/7/ADD.29 A/76/7/Add.29] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/429 A/76/429] || Proposed further measures to deal with continuing liquidity challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/307 73/307] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/891 A/73/891] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] || Proposed measures under the programme and peacekeeping budgets to address worsening liquidity challenges in the Secretariat
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/220 48/220] || 23 December 1993 || || [https://undocs.org/A/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/A/48/503/Add.1 Add.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/48/565 A/48/565] and [https://undocs.org/A/48/565/Corr.1 Corr.1] || Consideration of the report of the Independent Advisory Group on United Nations Financing
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/215 47/215] || 23 December 1992 || [https://undocs.org/A/46/765 A/46/765] and [https://undocs.org/A/47/565 A/47/565] || [https://undocs.org/A/46/600 A/46/600], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.1 Add.1], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.2 Add.2], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.3 Add.3], and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/47/13 A/C.5/47.13] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/236 45/236 A and B] || 21 December 1990 || [https://undocs.org/A/45/860 A/45/860] || [https://undocs.org/A/45/830 A/45/830] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/45/17 A/C.5/45/17] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/195 44/195 A and B] || 21 December 1989 || [https://undocs.org/A/44/873 A/44/873] || [https://undocs.org/A/44/857 A/44/857] and [https://undocs.org/A/44/857/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/215 43/215] || 21 December 1988 || || [https://undocs.org/A/43/932 A/43/932] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/212 42/212] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/A/42/861 A/42/861] || [https://undocs.org/A/42/841 A/42/841] ||
|}

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/78/524 A/78/524] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 9 October 2023 [https://estatements.unmeetings.org/estatements/11.0050/20231009100000000/LtH1mQEfTYoc/AG0Moye2JGq9_en.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530/Add.1 A/77/530/Add.1] || Briefing by the ASG Controller, 4 May 2023 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_2r_ST_2023_05_04_140_Financial_situation_ASG_Controller.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530 A/77/530] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 13 October 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_0m_ST_2022_10_13_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC_.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435/ADD.1 A/76/435/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 5 May 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_Fin_Sit/C5_76_2r_ST_2022_05_05_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435 A/76/435] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 19 October 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_UN_Fin_situation/C5_76_0m_ST_2021_10_19_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387/Add.1 A/75/387/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_2r_ST_2021_05_07_Item_143_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387 A/75/387] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 8 October 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_0m_ST_2020_10_08_Item_143_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the imposition of a 25% cap by Congress in 1994 on U.S. contributions to peacekeeping operations&lt;ref&gt;Section 404 of P.L. 103-236&lt;/ref&gt;  contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
    <sha1>306006cfe68fd4f758d4246585d9719c454eb307</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Our Common Agenda</title>
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    <text bytes="3881" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/306 resolution 76/306] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. 

HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023.

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022&lt;ref&gt;''Our Common Agenda'': Summary of Thematic Consultations https://www.un.org/pga/76/2022/05/20/letter-from-the-president-of-the-general-assembly-final-oca-summary/&lt;/ref&gt; following the adoption of resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for future generations]
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an Emergency Platform]
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.2 meaningful youth engagement in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.3 valuing what counts — progress beyond gross domestic product]
# Policy brief 5: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.4 a Global Digital Compact: an open, free and secure digital future for all]
# Policy brief 6: public information
# Policy brief 7: international financial architecture
# Policy brief 8: outer space
# Policy brief 9: towards a new agenda for peace
# Policy brief 10: transforming education
# Policy brief 11: United Nations 2.0

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>64e289a2782b8bfa8aac683d7a64c1f7077b557c</sha1>
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    <comment>/* Policy briefs */ Added policy brief 7</comment>
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    <text bytes="4001" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/306 resolution 76/306] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. 

HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023.

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022&lt;ref&gt;''Our Common Agenda'': Summary of Thematic Consultations https://www.un.org/pga/76/2022/05/20/letter-from-the-president-of-the-general-assembly-final-oca-summary/&lt;/ref&gt; following the adoption of resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for '''future generations''']
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an '''Emergency Platform''']
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/Add.2 '''meaningful youth engagement''' in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.3 valuing what counts — progress '''beyond gross domestic product''']
# Policy brief 5: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.4 a '''Global Digital Compact''': an open, free and secure digital future for all]
# Policy brief 6: public information
# Policy brief 7: [http://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.6 for all humanity – the future of '''outer space governance'''] 
# Policy brief 8: international financial architecture
# Policy brief 9: towards a new agenda for peace
# Policy brief 10: transforming education
# Policy brief 11: United Nations 2.0

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>77e10082a10379c481d7650d3efebc9b5db4068e</sha1>
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    <text bytes="4060" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/306 resolution 76/306] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. 

HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023.

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022&lt;ref&gt;''Our Common Agenda'': Summary of Thematic Consultations https://www.un.org/pga/76/2022/05/20/letter-from-the-president-of-the-general-assembly-final-oca-summary/&lt;/ref&gt; following the adoption of resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for '''future generations''']
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an '''Emergency Platform''']
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.2 '''meaningful youth engagement''' in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.3 valuing what counts — progress '''beyond gross domestic product''']
# Policy brief 5: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.4 a '''Global Digital Compact''': an open, free and secure digital future for all]
# Policy brief 6: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.5 reforms to the '''international financial architecture''']
# Policy brief 7: [http://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.6 for all humanity – the future of '''outer space governance'''] 
# Policy brief 8: public information
# Policy brief 9: towards a new agenda for peace
# Policy brief 10: transforming education
# Policy brief 11: United Nations 2.0

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4129" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/306 resolution 76/306] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. 

HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023.

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022&lt;ref&gt;''Our Common Agenda'': Summary of Thematic Consultations https://www.un.org/pga/76/2022/05/20/letter-from-the-president-of-the-general-assembly-final-oca-summary/&lt;/ref&gt; following the adoption of resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for '''future generations''']
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an '''Emergency Platform''']
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.2 '''meaningful youth engagement''' in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.3 valuing what counts — progress '''beyond gross domestic product''']
# Policy brief 5: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.4 a '''Global Digital Compact''': an open, free and secure digital future for all]
# Policy brief 6: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.5 reforms to the '''international financial architecture''']
# Policy brief 7: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.6 for all humanity – the future of '''outer space governance'''] 
# Policy brief 8: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.7 '''information integrity''' on digital platforms]
# Policy brief 9: towards a new agenda for peace
# Policy brief 10: transforming education
# Policy brief 11: United Nations 2.0

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Policy briefs */</comment>
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    <text bytes="4165" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/306 resolution 76/306] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. 

HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023.

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022&lt;ref&gt;''Our Common Agenda'': Summary of Thematic Consultations https://www.un.org/pga/76/2022/05/20/letter-from-the-president-of-the-general-assembly-final-oca-summary/&lt;/ref&gt; following the adoption of resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for '''future generations''']
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an '''Emergency Platform''']
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.2 '''meaningful youth engagement''' in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.3 valuing what counts — progress '''beyond gross domestic product''']
# Policy brief 5: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.4 a '''Global Digital Compact''': an open, free and secure digital future for all]
# Policy brief 6: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.5 reforms to the '''international financial architecture''']
# Policy brief 7: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.6 for all humanity – the future of '''outer space governance'''] 
# Policy brief 8: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.7 '''information integrity''' on digital platforms]
# Policy brief 9: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.8 '''a new agenda for peace''']
# Policy brief 10: transforming education
# Policy brief 11: United Nations 2.0

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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    <text bytes="4335" xml:space="preserve">The [https://undocs.org/A/75/982'''''Our Common Agenda''''' report], issued on 10 September 2021, represented Secretary-General António Guterres's vision on the future of global cooperation. It called for inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism to better respond to humanity’s most pressing challenges. It was issued in response to the request contained in the UN75 Declaration (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/1 resolution 75/1]) for the Secretary-General to report back to the General Assembly with recommendations to advance our common agenda and to respond to current and future challenges.

== Legislative history ==

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/6 resolution 76/6] of 15 November 2021
*: Welcomed the ''Our Common Agenda'' report, requested the Secretary-General to engage in broad consultations with Member States, and requested the President of the General Assembly to initiate a process of follow-up. 

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/306 resolution 76/306] of 8 September 2022
*: Established the United Nations Youth Office, as proposed in ''Our Common Agenda''.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/307 resolution 76/307] of 8 September 2022
*: Decided to hold the '''Summit of the Future''' on 22 and 23 September 2024 and to convene a preparatory ministerial meeting on 18 September 2023.

== High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ==

The Secretary-General appointed the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB) to build on the ideas in ''Our Common Agenda'' and provide suggestions on ways to improve governance of key issues of global concern. 

HLAB issued its [https://highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough/pdf/56892_UNU_HLAB_report_Final_LOWRES.pdf report] on 18 April 2023.

== Policy briefs ==

Five informal thematic consultations were convened in 2022&lt;ref&gt;''Our Common Agenda'': Summary of Thematic Consultations https://www.un.org/pga/76/2022/05/20/letter-from-the-president-of-the-general-assembly-final-oca-summary/&lt;/ref&gt; following the adoption of resolution 76/6. During these consultations, the Secretary-General was requested to elaborate on several aspects of the report, which is being done through the issuance of eleven separate policy briefs. 

# Policy brief 1: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1 to think and act for '''future generations''']
# Policy brief 2: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.1 strengthening the international response to complex global shocks – an '''Emergency Platform''']
# Policy brief 3: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.2 '''meaningful youth engagement''' in policymaking and decision-making processes]
# Policy brief 4: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.3 valuing what counts — progress '''beyond gross domestic product''']
# Policy brief 5: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.4 a '''Global Digital Compact''': an open, free and secure digital future for all]
# Policy brief 6: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.5 reforms to the '''international financial architecture''']
# Policy brief 7: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.6 for all humanity – the future of '''outer space governance'''] 
# Policy brief 8: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.7 '''information integrity''' on digital platforms]
# Policy brief 9: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.8 '''a new agenda for peace''']
# Policy brief 10: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.9 '''transforming education''']
# Policy brief 11: [https://undocs.org/A/77/CRP.1/ADD.10 '''UN 2.0''' — forward-thinking culture and cutting-edge skills for better United Nations system impact]

== Summit of the Future ==

As indicated in resolution 76/307, the Summit of the Future will adopt a concise, action-oriented outcome titled "'''A Pact for the Future'''" agreed in advance by consensus through intergovernmental negotiations. Germany and Namibia were appointed on 18 October 2022 as co-facilitators of intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit. 

Several specific elements to be agreed during the Summit for the Future have dedicated negotiation processes, as follows:
* Declaration for Future Generations, coordinated by Netherlands and Fiji (appointed 6 June 2022)
* Global Digital Compact, coordinated by Rwanda and Sweden (appointed 27 October 2022)

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations</title>
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    <comment>/* Recent C-34 reports */</comment>
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    <text bytes="14697" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2020, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/AC.121/2020/INF/3 A/AC.121/2020/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.19 A/AC.121/SR.19&lt;/ref&gt;
* Vice-Chair: Japan (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966, as United Arab Republic)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.19 A/AC.121/SR.19&lt;/ref&gt;

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support.

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2023 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/19 A/77/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/77/573 A/77/573] ||
|-
| 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/19 A/76/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/505 A/76/505] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.
|-
| 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/19 A/75/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/563 A/75/563] ||
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || First report under new format structured around the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] priority areas
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="14757" xml:space="preserve">The '''Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations''', or '''C-34''', is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly mandated to consider [[comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their (sic) aspects]]. Its annual report is considered by the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly. 

== History ==

=== Financial crisis ===

United Nations peacekeeping reached a state of crisis in the 1960s as a result of the refusal of a number of Member States to pay their share of the expenses of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) and the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC). A number of measures were taken by the General Assembly in an attempt to address the impasse, including requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice in 1961 (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); adopting [https://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) resolution 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963 on principles for sharing the costs of peacekeeping operations; and deciding that the costs of the newly-established United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would be met by troop-contributing countries, the government of Cyprus and through voluntary contributions as per [https://undocs.org/s/res/186(1964) Security Council resolution 186(1964)].

The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] of 18 February 1965 to establish a special committee on peace-keeping operations with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization". This special committee convened for the first time on 26 March 1965 &lt;ref&gt;A/AC.121/SR.1&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Committee of 34 ===

In 1989, China (PRC) became the 34th member of the Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/43/59 43/59B]&lt;/ref&gt;, leading to the informal designation as the Committee of 34, or "C34". The 34 members were as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela and Yugoslavia

The membership of the committee was not expanded until 1997.

=== Sexual exploitation and abuse ===

Between 2005 and 2007, the C-34 convened resumed sessions to address issues related to [[sexual exploitation and abuse]]. The C-34 considered the Zeid report ([https://undocs.org/A/59/710 A/57/710)] during its [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005 resumed session], issues related to victims assistance during both of its [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/rev.1(supp) resumed sessions in 2006] and issues related to the revised model [[memorandum of understanding]] during its first resumed session in 2006 and its [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/rev.1(supp) 2007 resumed session]. 

== Membership ==

The criteria for membership in the C-34 was established in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/51/136 resolution 51/136] of 13 December 1996, in which the General Assembly

&lt;blockquote&gt;4. ''Decides'' to expand the membership of the Special Committee in accordance with the provisions of its report; those Member States which are past or present personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations and those which were observers at the 1996 session of the Special Committee shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at its 1997 session;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. ''Decides'' also that those Member States which become personnel contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations in years to come or participate in the future in the Special Committee for three consecutive years as observers shall, upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Committee, become members at the following session of the Committee;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2020, there were 154 members of the C-34 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.undocs.org/A/AC.121/2020/INF/3 A/AC.121/2020/INF/3] Members of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bureau and Secretariat ==

The bureau of the C-34 consists of the following six countries:
* Chair: Nigeria (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Canada (since 1966)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.19 A/AC.121/SR.19&lt;/ref&gt;
* Vice-Chair: Japan (since 1972)
* Vice-Chair: Argentina (since 1988)
* Vice-Chair: Poland (since 1991)
* Rapporteur: Egypt (since 1966, as United Arab Republic)&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.19 A/AC.121/SR.19&lt;/ref&gt;

From 2007-2018, secretariat services for the C-34 were provided by the Department of General Assembly and Conference Management while substantive support was provided by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support.

== Working Methods ==

The C-34 takes its decisions by consensus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/SR.1 A/AC.121/SR.1] Summary record of the 1st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Friday 26 March 1965, page 4: “As far as the procedure for taking decisions was concerned, there was an almost unanimous feeling that the Committee should endeavour to reach agreement by general consensus without voting. It was understood, however, that a vote would be taken whenever any member felt and the Committee agreed that such a procedure was necessary.”&lt;/ref&gt; 

Originally, the report of the C-34 was drafted by the Rapporteur as a summary of the deliberations of the C-34. 

In recent years, however, the structure of the report has become standardized and the is now drafted not by the Rapporteur, but by a '''Working Group of the Whole''', which includes the entire membership of the C-34 and is chaired by Canada. Since 2014, only part of the report is negotiated each year under what is referred to as the "'''stabilization'''" process; the part not negotiated is carried over from the previous year's report. 

In July 2019, the C-34 approved a new structure of its annual report based on the eight priority commitment areas of the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] initiative. Previously, the C-34 report was structured as follows, with asterisks denoting years in which a section was negotiated following introduction of the stabilization process:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Previous&amp;nbsp;C34&amp;nbsp;report&amp;nbsp;structure
|-
! Letter !! Section name !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! Notes 
|-
| A || Introduction || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| B || [[Principles of peacekeeping|Guiding principles]] || || || || || || Standardized in 2012
|-
| C || [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|Restructuring of peacekeeping]] || || || || || || Added in [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(supp) 2008] following restructuring of [[DPKO]] and establishment of [[DFS]] in 2007&lt;br /&gt;Standardized in 2012;
|-
| D || Safety and security || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|-
| D2 || Intelligence ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Added in [https://undocs.org/a/71/19 2017]
|-
| E || Conduct and discipline || * ||  || * || * ||  ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/rev.1(supp) 2005] following [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] allegations in MONUC
|-
| F || Strengthening operational capacity ||  ||  || * || * || * ||  
|-
| F2 || Military capcities || * ||  || * ||  || * || 
|-
| F3 || Police capacities || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| F4 || Doctrine and terminology  ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G || Strategies for complex peacekeeping ||  || * || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G2 || Peacebuilding and the PBC || * ||  ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G3 || DDR ||  || * ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G4 || SSR || * ||  ||  || * ||  || 
|-
| G5 || Rule of law ||  || * ||  || * ||  ||  
|-
| G6 || Gender ||  ||  || * ||  ||  || 
|-
| G7 || Children ||  ||  || * ||  ||  ||   
|-
| G8 || Health-related issues ||  || * ||  || * ||    || Was HIV/AIDS-focused until [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 2015]
|- 
|    || Public information ||  ||  ||  ||  ||   || No longer included after [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) 2007]
|-
| G9 || [[Quick-impact projects]] ||  || * ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
| G10 || [[Protection of civilians]] ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  Added in [https://undocs.org/a/63/19(supp) 2009]
|-
| H || Cooperation with T/PCCs || * ||  || * || * ||  ||     
|-
| I || Triangular cooperation || * ||  || * || * || * ||     
|- 
| J || Cooperation with regional arrangements ||  || * || * ||  || * ||  
|-
| K || [[Support to African peace support operations|African peacekeeping capacities]] ||  || * || * || * ||  ||    
|-
| L || [[:Category:Mission support|Field support arrangements]] ||  || * || * ||  ||  || Added in [https://undocs.org/a/64/19(supp) 2010] to provide comments on the [[Global Field Support Strategy]]
|-
| M || Best practices and training || * ||  ||  || * ||  || Created in [https://undocs.org/a/66/19 2012] through merger of "Best practices" and "Training" sections
|-
| N || [[Categories of personnel|Personnel]] ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||     
|-
| O || [[Peacekeeping financing|Financial issues]] || * ||  || * ||  || * ||    
|-
| P || Other matters ||  ||  ||  || * ||  ||   Covers working methods and environmental issues
|}

== Recent C-34 reports ==
Below are links to the annual C34 reports and the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations of the C34. For the General Assembly resolutions adopting the conclusions and recommendations of the C34, please see the article on the associated agenda item: [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year  !! Report !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 2024 ||   || [https://undocs.org/A/78/587 A/78/587] ||
|-
| 2023 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/19 A/77/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/77/573 A/77/573] ||
|-
| 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/19 A/76/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/505 A/76/505] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.
|-
| 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/19 A/75/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/563 A/75/563] ||
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/19 A/74/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/533 A/74/533] || First report under new format structured around the [[Action for Peacekeeping]] priority areas
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/19 A/73/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/480 A/73/480] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/480/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on section on enhancement of African peacekeeping capacities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gapk236.doc.htm GA/PK/236] Concluding Session, Peacekeeping Operations Special Committee Approves Report Outlining Procedural Elements, but Unable to Agree on Substantive Items&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018	|| [https://undocs.org/A/72/19 A/72/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/72/573 A/72/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/72/573/add.1 Add.1]||
|-
| 2017	|| [https://undocs.org/A/71/19 A/71/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/587 A/71/587] and [https://undocs.org/A/71/587/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2016	|| [https://undocs.org/A/70/19 A/70/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/70/579 A/70/579] and [https://undocs.org/A/70/579/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2015	|| [https://undocs.org/A/69/19 A/69/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/642 A/69/642] and [https://undocs.org/A/69/642/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/19 A/68/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/68/652 A/68/652] || First report negotiated under stabilization process
|-
| 2013	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/19 A/67/19]	|| [https://undocs.org/A/67/632 A/67/632] and [https://undocs.org/A/67/632/add.1 Add.1] || Procedural report; committee failed to reach agreement on substantive matters.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gapk216.doc.htm GA/PK/216] Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations Adopts Procedural Report, Concluding 2013 Substantive Session&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012	|| [https://undocs.org/A/66/19 A/66/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/66/619 A/66/619] and [https://undocs.org/A/66/619/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2011	|| [https://undocs.org/A/65/19 A/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/680 A/65/680] and [https://undocs.org/A/65/680/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010	|| [https://undocs.org/A/64/19(supp) A/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/64/573 A/64/573] and [https://undocs.org/A/64/573/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2009	|| [https://undocs.org/A/63/19(SUPP) A/63/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/63/615 A/63/615] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/615/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008	|| [https://undocs.org/A/62/19(SUPP) A/62/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/62/627 A/62/627] and [https://undocs.org/A/62/627/add.1 Add.1] ||
|-
| 2007	|| [https://undocs.org/A/61/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/61/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/61/668 A/61/668], [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/668/add.1/corr.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 2nd resumed and 2007 substantive and resumed sessions
|-
| 2006	|| [https://undocs.org/A/60/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/60/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/60/640 A/60/640], [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/add.1 Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/60/640/ADD.1/CORR.1 Add.1/Corr.1] || Covers 2006 substantive and resumed sessions (strategy for victim assistance and model [[memorandum of understanding]])
|-
| 2005	|| [https://undocs.org/A/59/19/REV.1(SUPP) A/59/19/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/59/608 A/59/608] and [https://undocs.org/A/59/608/corr.1 Corr.1] || Covers 2005 substantive and resumed sessions ([[Zeid report]])
|-
| 2004	|| [https://undocs.org/A/58/19(SUPP) A/58/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/58/694 A/58/694] ||
|-
| 2003	|| [https://undocs.org/A/57/767 A/57/767] || [https://undocs.org/A/57/711 A/57/711] ||
|-
| 2002 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/56/863 A/56/863] || [https://undocs.org/A/56/732 A/56/732] ||
|-
| 2001 	|| [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024 A/55/1024] and [https://undocs.org/A/55/1024/CORR.1 A/55/1024/Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/A/55/977 A/55/977] ||
|-
| 2000	|| [https://undocs.org/A/54/839 A/54/839] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/55/6 A/C.4/55/6] || [https://undocs.org/A/54/670 A/54/670] || Extraordinary session convened to consider recommendations of the [[Brahimi report]]
|-
| 1999  || [https://undocs.org/A/54/87 A/54/87] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/43 A/AC.121/43] ||
|-
| 1998  || [https://undocs.org/A/53/127 A/53/127] || [https://undocs.org/A/AC.121/42 A/AC.121/42] ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Interim administration mission</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The United Nations has, on five occasions, been responsible for the direct administration of territories through the establishment of '''interim administration missions'''.  {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Mandate !! Notes |- | 1 || United Nations Temporary Executive Authority in West Irian || UNTEA || 01 October 1962 || 01 May 1963 || Asia Pacific || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1752(XVII) res..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="1958" xml:space="preserve">The United Nations has, on five occasions, been responsible for the direct administration of territories through the establishment of '''interim administration missions'''.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Mandate !! Notes
|-
| 1 || United Nations Temporary Executive Authority in West Irian || UNTEA || 01 October 1962 || 01 May 1963 || Asia Pacific || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1752(XVII) resolution 1752] || Not always included in lists of peacekeeping operations
|-
| 2 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 28 February 1992 || 24 September 1993 || Asia Pacific || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/745(1992) resolution 745] ||
|-
| 3 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 15 January 1996 || 15 January 1998 || Eastern Europe || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1037(1996) resolution 1037] || Replaced by United Nations Civilian Police Support Group (UNPSG) in Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1145(1997) resolution 1145]
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || '''10 June 1999''' || '''Ongoing''' || '''Eastern Europe''' || '''Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1244(1999) resolution 1244]''' || Administrative authority transferred to Kosovo in 2008 following the entry into effect of the Constitution of Kosovo
|-
| 5 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 25 October 1999 || 20 May 2002 || Asia Pacific || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1272(1999) resolution 1272] || Replaced by United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor (UNMISET) in Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1410(2002) resolution 1410]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping operations]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]] [[Category:Mandated tasks]]</text>
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  <title>Main Page</title>
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    <comment>/* Newest pages */</comment>
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    <text bytes="1740" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Interim administration mission]] - Added 30 May 2023
* [[Our Common Agenda]] - Added 20 April 2023
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]] - Added 17 August 2022

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

[[Special:Allpages|All pages]] | [[:Category:Stub|Stub articles]]</text>
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  <title>Peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="12253" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping operations''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping operations ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur || UNAMID || 2007-07 || 2020-12 || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali || MINUSMA || 2013-04 || 2023-06 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || MINUJUSTH || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]

* [[Independent strategic reviews]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
    <sha1>e334854700ded2d0b34da6d75edeffe8d4186e7f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>972</id>
    <parentid>971</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-07-11T14:47:29Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* List of peacekeeping operations */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12524" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping operations''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping operations ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur || UNAMID || 2007-07 || 2020-12 || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali || MINUSMA || 2013-04 || 2023-06 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;Security Council https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mandate ended 30 June 2023&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2690(2023) resolution 2690 (2023)&lt;/ref&gt; following a request by Mali Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop for the mission to depart "without delay" during a Security Council meeting on 16 June 2023.
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || MINUJUSTH || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]

* [[Independent strategic reviews]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
    <sha1>1cbef67eb8126ddf799b86d05c4e78622146a8b6</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>973</id>
    <parentid>972</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-07-11T19:19:52Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* List of peacekeeping operations */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12581" xml:space="preserve">The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping operations''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions&lt;/ref&gt;  

== List of peacekeeping operations ==

Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Mission !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || '''United Nations Truce Supervision Organization''' || '''UNTSO''' || 1948-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || First peacekeeping mission
|-
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I ||	1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel 
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East || 
|-
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 7 || United Nations Yemen Observation Mission || UNYOM || 1963-06 || 1964-09 || Middle East || 
|-
| 8 || Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic || DOMREP || 1965-05 || 1966-10 || Americas ||
|-
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) resolution 1701 (2006)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
|-
| 15 || United Nations Transition Assistance Group || UNTAG || 1989-04 || 1990-03 || Africa || Namibia
|-
| 16 || United Nations Observer Group in Central America || ONUCA || 1989-11 || 1992-01 || Americas || 
|-
| 17 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission I || UNAVEM I || 1989-12 || 1991-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 18 || '''United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara''' || '''MINURSO''' || 1991-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
|-
| 19 || United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission || UNIKOM || 1991-04 || 2003-10 || Middle East || 
|-
| 20 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission II || UNAVEM II || 1991-05 || 1995-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 21 || United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador || ONUSAL || 1991-05 || 1995-04 || Americas ||	
|-
| 22 || United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia || UNAMIC || 1991-10 || 1992-03 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 23 || United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia || UNTAC || 1992-02 || 1993-09 || Asia/Pacific || follow-on to UNAMIC
|-
| 24 || United Nations Protection Force || UNPROFOR || 1992-02 || 1995-03 || Europe || Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 25 || United Nations Operation in Somalia I || UNOSOM I || 1992-04 || 1993-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 26 || United Nations Operation in Mozambique || ONUMOZ || 1992-12 || 1994-12 || Africa || 
|-
| 27 || United Nations Operation in Somalia II || UNOSOM II || 1993-03 || 1995-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 28 || United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda || UNOMUR || 1993-06 || 1994-09 || Africa ||	
|-
| 29 || United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia || UNOMIG || 1993-08 || 2009-06 || Europe || Russia vetoed mandate renewal
|-
| 30 || United Nations Mission in Haiti || UNMIH || 1993-09 || 1996-06 || Americas || 
|-
| 31 || United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia || UNOMIL || 1993-09 || 1997-09 || Africa ||
|-
| 32 || United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda || UNAMIR || 1993-10 || 1996-03 || Africa ||
|-
| 33 || United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group || UNASOG || 1994-05 || 1994-06 || Africa || Chad—Libya
|-
| 34 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan || UNMOT || 1994-12 || 2000-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 35 || United Nations Angola Verification Mission III || UNAVEM III || 1995-02 || 1997-06 || Africa || 
|-
| 36 || United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia || UNCRO || 1995-03 || 1996-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 37 || United Nations Preventive Deployment Force || UNPREDEP || 1995-03 || 1999-02 || Europe || TFYR Macedonia
|-
| 38 || United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina || UNMIBH || 1995-12 || 2002-12 || Europe || 
|-
| 39 || United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium || UNTAES || 1996-01 || 1998-01 || Europe ||
|-
| 40 || United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka || UNMOP || 1996-01 || 2002-12 || Europe || Croatia-Yugoslavia
|-
| 41 || United Nations Support Mission in Haiti || UNSMIH || 1996-06 || 1997-07 || Americas || 
|-
| 42 || United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala || MINUGUA || 1997-01 || 1997-05 || Americas ||
|-
| 43 || United Nations Observer Mission in Angola || MONUA || 1997-06 || 1999-02 || Africa ||
|-
| 44 || United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti || UNTMIH || 1997-07 || 1997-11 || Americas || follow-up to UNSMIH
|-
| 45 || United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti || MIPONUH || 1997-11 || 2000-03 || Americas ||
|-
| 46 || United Nations Civilian Police Support Group || UNCPSG || 1998-01 || 1998-10 || Europe || follow-up to UNTAES
|-
| 47 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic || MINURCA || 1998-03 || 2000-02 || Africa || 
|-
| 48 || United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan || UNGOMAP || 1998-05 || 1990-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
| 49 || United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone || UNOMSIL || 1998-07 || 1999-10 || Africa ||	
|-
| 50 || '''United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo''' || '''UNMIK''' || 1999-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe || Executive mandate until 2008&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2008/692 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 51 || United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone || UNAMSIL || 1999-10 || 2005-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 52 || United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor || UNTAET || 1999-10 || 2002-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 53 || United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo || MONUC || 1999-11 || 2010-06 || Africa ||
|-
| 54 || United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea || UNMEE || 2000-07 || 2008-07 || Africa ||
|-
| 55 || United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor || UNMISET || 2002-05 || 2005-05 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 56 || United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire || MINUCI || 2003-05 || 2014-04 || Africa || 
|-
| 57 || United Nations Mission in Liberia || UNMIL || 2003-09 || 2018-03 || Africa || 
|-
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) resolution 1545 (2004)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
|-
| 61 || United Nations Mission in the Sudan || UNMIS || 2005-03 || 2011-07 || Africa || 
|-
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific || 
|-
| 63 || African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur || UNAMID || 2007-07 || 2020-12 || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) resolution 1769 (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) resolution 1925 (2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) resolution 2155 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East || 
|-
| 69 || United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali || MINUSMA || 2013-04 || 2023-06 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) resolution 2100 (2013)]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mandate ended 30 June 2023&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2690(2023) resolution 2690 (2023)]&lt;/ref&gt; following a request by Mali Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop for the mission to depart "without delay" during a Security Council meeting on 16 June 2023&lt;ref&gt;https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15325.doc.htm&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014&lt;ref&gt;Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) resolution 2149 (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || MINUJUSTH || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}

== Other activities financed as peacekeeping ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04&lt;ref&gt;Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}

== See also ==
* Types of peacekeeping missions
** [[Traditional mission|Traditional missions]]
** [[Interim administration mission|Interim administration missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]

* [[Independent strategic reviews]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]</text>
    <sha1>5234342fee4eb990698137fc211a4ef3ade02342</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>22</id>
  <revision>
    <id>974</id>
    <parentid>955</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-07-11T23:33:29Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Summary table */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11009" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2023/24 || 6,812,762,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/29 A/C.5/77/29] || 6,053,804,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/32 A/C.5/77/32] ||  ||  || MINUSMA in liquidation
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/30 A/C.5/77/30] || 6,453,390,700 || MINUSMA mandate ended 30 June 2023
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID mandate ended 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>9120d9d96a9c003c8bd7bbac365535a57c08337c</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>997</id>
    <parentid>974</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-02-29T16:21:19Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Summary table */ Added A/C.5/78/30</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11066" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2023/24 || 6,812,762,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/29 A/C.5/77/29] || 6,053,804,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/32 A/C.5/77/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/78/30 A/C.5/78/30] || 6,330,670,300 || MINUSMA in liquidation
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/30 A/C.5/77/30] || 6,453,390,700 || MINUSMA mandate ended 30 June 2023
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID mandate ended 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>7471efd7a91eb5531b13d1ea6eef90e5bfd38ba3</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Contingent-owned equipment</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>2</id>
  <revision>
    <id>975</id>
    <parentid>952</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-07-13T22:01:07Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* COE Working Group */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="9301" xml:space="preserve">'''Contingent-owned equipment''', or '''COE''', consists of the major equipment and self-sustainment capabilities that are deployed as part of military and police contingents in United Nations peace operations. Troop- and police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) are reimbursed for COE under rates and conditions established by the General Assembly on the basis of recommendations of the '''Working Group on Contingent-Owned Equipment''', which meets every three years. 

The contingent-owned equipment deployed with each contingent, along with the applicable reimbursement rates, is spelled out in a '''[[memorandum of understanding]]''' negotiated between the T/PCC and the United Nations as part of the [[force generation]] process. 

The applicable COE reimbursement rates, policies and procedures are contained in the [[Contingent-owned equipment|COE Manual]]; the latest version is the [http://undocs.org/a/75/121 2020 edition]. 

== Types of contingent-owned equipment ==
All COE falls under one of two types, which are reimbursed in different ways: '''major equipment''', or equipment used by a contingent to support the mission mandate (e.g. vehicles, and '''self-sustainment''', or equipment used by the contingent to support itself (e.g. catering, laundry, office supplies). Some categories of equipment can be reimbursed as either major equipment or self-sustainment based on how it is used, e.g. electrical and medical equipment. 

=== Major equipment ===
Major equipment is reimbursed per item or set of equipment using a monthly rate calculated based on the total cost of the equipment and its estimated useful life. If the contingent is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a wet lease), a maintenance factor is included in the reimbursement rate. Otherwise, the UN is responsible for maintenance (i.e. a dry lease). The reimbursement rate also includes a no-fault incident factor, which addresses costs that may be incurred in dealing with damage resulting from no-fault incidents. No reimbursement is paid on account of equipment that is not present or serviceable. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex A&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Self-sustainment ===
In the MOU, the UN and the T/PCC agree on which categories of self-sustainment will be provided by the UN and which by the contingent. For those categories provided by the contingent, reimbursement is paid on a per-person, per-month basis if the agreed service is provided to UN standard. &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 3 and annex B&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Factors ===
Reimbursement rates also take into account a number of factors that provide additional reimbursement. These include
* '''Mission factors'''&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 7&lt;/ref&gt;
** Extreme environmental conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Intensified operational conditions factor (maximum of 5% bonus to major equipment or self-sustainment rates)
** Hostile action or forced abandonment factor (maximum of 5% bonus to self-sustainment rates or half of the maintenance rate for major equipment)
* '''Incremental transportation factor''' &lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;
** Calculated based on the distance between port of embarkation for in the T/PCC and the port of entry of the mission area, to account for the costs of maintaining supply lines for spare parts, consumables, etc. Applies to the maintenance rate for major equipment only. 

== Loss or damage == 
Loss or damage due to no-fault incidents is covered under the no-fault incident factor.

Loss or damage due to hostile action is covered under the hostile action or forced abandonment mission factor for low-value loss/damage. For high-value single incidents or cumulative losses, the T/PCC can file a claim with the UN.&lt;ref&gt;COE Manual, chapter 6&lt;/ref&gt; 

== COE Working Group ==
The COE Working Group meets for a two-week session every three years and makes recommendations to the [[Fifth Committee]] of the General Assembly on the basis of issue papers submitted either by Member States or the Secretariat. These recommendations are contained in a report transmitted in a letter from the Chair of the Working Group to the Chair of the Fifth Committee. In recent years, the COE Working Group has divided its work amongst three sub-working groups, one covering major equipment, one covering self-sustainment and one covering medical issues (given the level of specialized expertise required). 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Working Group
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | WG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Notes
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 49/233A]
| 23 Dec 1994
| 
| 
| [https://undocs.org/a/48/945 A/48/945] and [http://undocs.org/a/48/945/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/49/664 A/49/664] and [http://undocs.org/a/49/664/add.1 Add.1]
| Established project plan for Phase I-V
|-
| 
| 
| Phase II
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/66 A/C.5/49/66]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/50/222 50/222]
| 10 May 1996
| Phase III
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/49/70 A/C.5/49/70]
| [https://undocs.org/a/a/50/807 A/50/807]
| [https://undocs.org/a/50/887 A/50/887]
| Established the COE system from 1 July 1996
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19 54/19A]
| 22 Nov 1999
| Phase IV
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/52/39 A/C.5/52/39]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/465 A/53/465]
| [https://undocs.org/a/53/944 A/53/944]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/54/19b 54/19B]
| 14 Jul 2000
| Phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5.54/49 A/C.5/54/49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/795 A/54/795]
| [https://undocs.org/a/54/826 A/54/826]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/274 55/274]
| 14 Jun 2001
| Post-phase V
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39 A/C.5/55/39] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/39/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/815 A/55/815]
| [https://undocs.org/a/55/887 A/55/887]
| Established triennial review of reimbursement rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298]
| 22 Jun 2005
| 2004
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37 A/C.5/58/37] and [http://undocs.org/a/c.5/58/37/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/292 A/59/292]
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/736 A/59/736]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/252 62/252]
| 20 Jun 2008
| 2008
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/62/26 A/C.5/62/26]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/774 A/62/774] and [http://undocs.org/a/62/774/corr.1 Corr.1]
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/851 A/62/851]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/65/292 65/292]
| 30 Jun 2011
| 2011
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/65/16 A/C.5/65/16]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/800 A/65/800]
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/830 A/65/830]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/68/282 68/282]
| 30 Jun 2014
| 2014
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/68/22 A/C.5/68/22]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/830 A/68/830]
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/867 A/68/867]
| 
|-
| [http://undocs.org/a/res/71/296 71/296]
| 30 Jun 2017
| 2017
| [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/71/20 A/C.5/71/20]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/802 A/71/802]
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/872 A/71/872]
| 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/279 74/279]
| 30 Jun 2020
| 2020
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/689 A/74/689]
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/698 A/74/698]
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/754 A/74/754]
| No agreement reached by working group on changes to rates
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/303 77/303]
| 30 June 2023
| 2023
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/736 A/77/736]
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/757 A/77/757]
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/832 A/77/832]
|
|}

== COE Manual ==

Officially the “Manual on Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions”. The COE Manual is issued after the General Assembly has taken action on the recommendations of the COE Working Group and reflects the updated policies, procedures and rates related to COE, as well as the text of the model [[memorandum of understanding]].

Early editions of the COE Manual were compiled by the Government of Norway. In its resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/59/298 59/298], the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the ACABQ, in paragraph 12 of [http://undocs.org/a/59/708 A/59/708], “…to distribute the updated Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual as an official document of the United Nations…”.

* 2020 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/A/75/121 A/75/121]
* 2017 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/72/288 A/72/288]
* 2014 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/69/18 A/C.5/69/18]
* 2011 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/66/8 A/C.5/66/8]
* 2008 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/63/18 A/C.5/63/18]
* 2005 COE Manual: [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/60/26 A/C.5/60/26]
* 2002 COE Manual (not issued as official document)
* 1996 COE Manual (not issued as official document)

== See also ==
* [[COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Headquarters COE and MOU Management Review Board]]
* [[Memorandum of understanding]]
* [[Personnel reimbursement]]

== References ==

[[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category:Mission support]]</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Estimates in respect of special political missions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>227</id>
  <revision>
    <id>977</id>
    <parentid>942</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-07-19T13:23:13Z</timestamp>
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    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7393" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on '''estimates in respect of special political missions''' in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Amount !! Notes
|-
| 78 || || || || [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/78/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/78/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/78/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 77 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/263 77/263] section V || 30 December 2022 || 766,193,900 for 39 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;2,141,100 for [[RSCE]] || [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/77/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246B 76/246B] section II || 13 April 2022 || 17,945,500 in commitment authority for UNSMIL || [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.8 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246 76/246] section X  || 24 December 2021 || 585,629,600 for 37 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;1,820,200 for [[RSCE]] || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.7 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNVMC, UNITAMS)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] section XVIII || 31 December 2020 || 728,212,200 for 40 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;1,412,400 for [[RSCE]]|| [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.&amp;nbsp;7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.7 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNMHA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.8 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (BINUH)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special political missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>8c0d0c5938a99d66962887b1351fc3677563cd9f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>990</id>
    <parentid>977</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-02-17T17:05:34Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>Updated to reflect resolution 78/253</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7789" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on '''estimates in respect of special political missions''' in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Amount !! Notes
|-
| 78 || || || || [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.8 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (UNITAMS)
|-
| 78 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/253 78/253] section XVII || 22 December 2023 || 717,725,500 for 37 SPMs&lt;br &gt;2,128,800 for RSCE&lt;br /&gt;21,500,000 in commitment authority for UNITAMS || [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/78/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/78/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/78/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)&lt;br /&gt;
[http://undocs.org/A/78/6(Sect.3)/Add.7 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNOWAS, BINUH, UNVMC revised estimates)
|-
| 77 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/263 77/263] section V || 30 December 2022 || 766,193,900 for 39 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;2,141,100 for [[RSCE]] || [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/77/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246B 76/246B] section II || 13 April 2022 || 17,945,500 in commitment authority for UNSMIL || [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.8 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246 76/246] section X  || 24 December 2021 || 585,629,600 for 37 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;1,820,200 for [[RSCE]] || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.7 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNVMC, UNITAMS)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] section XVIII || 31 December 2020 || 728,212,200 for 40 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;1,412,400 for [[RSCE]]|| [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.&amp;nbsp;7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.7 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNMHA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.8 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (BINUH)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special political missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>9db9dc959ae959c44576b6895dfbedaae81d601d</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Article 19</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>74</id>
  <revision>
    <id>978</id>
    <parentid>870</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-09-11T14:09:47Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */ Added 77th session and A/78/336</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11503" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
|   ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/78/336 A/78/336] || '''Comoros''', '''São Tomé and Principe''', '''Somalia''', '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/2 77/2] of 7 Oct 2022 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/77/334 A/77/334] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702 A/77/702] || Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.1 A/77/702/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Equatorial Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.2 A/77/702/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.4 A/77/702/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, , Somalia, South Sudan &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/2 76/2] of 11 Oct 2021|| Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636 A/76/636] || Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.1 A/76/636/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.3 A/76/636/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.5 A/76/636/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.6 A/76/636/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.2 A/76/636/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vanuatu&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/ADD.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  São Tomé and Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>United Nations Office to the African Union</title>
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    <text bytes="2311" xml:space="preserve">The  '''United Nations Office to the African Union''' (UNOAU), located in Addis Ababa, was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/288 resolution 64/288] to strengthen coordination and cooperation with the African Union. 

UNOAU was formed from the merger of what were previously four standalone entities in Addis Ababa&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union&lt;/ref&gt;, namely:
* United Nations Liaison Office
* African Union Peace and Support Team 
* United Nations Planning Team for the African Union Mission in Somalia
* The administrative functions of the Joint Support and Coordination Mechanism of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

UNOAU is headed by Special Representative of the Secretary-General, at the level of Under-Secretary-General. The current structure of the Office was approved by the General Assembly in its resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/270 71/270] following a review of the Office and its functioning completed in 2016&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Key documents ==
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[United Nations Office to the African Union]].
* [https://undocs.org/S/2023/629 S/2023/629]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2022/643 S/2022/643]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/763 S/2021/763]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/860 S/2020/860]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

Other relevant reports:
* [https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] ''Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union'' (Proposed establishment of UNOAU)
* [https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] ''Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General''

== See also ==
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Special political missions</title>
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    <text bytes="15466" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology and list of current missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Cluster !! Lead department !! Establishment !! Notes
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus  || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/186(1964) resolution 186 (1964)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1366(2001) resolution 1366 (2001)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara   || I || DPPA || SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/1997/236 S/1997/236] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 (2004) || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1559(2004) resolution 1559 (2004)] || Lebanon; open-ended mandate
|-
| United Nations Representative to the Geneva International Discussions || I || DPPA || SG report [https://undocs.org/S/2009/254 S/2009/254] and letter [https://undocs.org/S/2010/103 S/2010/103] || Georgia; open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria || I || DPPA || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/253 resolution 66/253]] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Horn of Africa || I || DPPA || Exchange of letters: SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/2011/474 S/2011/474] and PSC letter [https://undocs.org/S/2011/475 S/2011/475] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes Region || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2098(2013) resolution 2098 (2013)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen || I || DPPA || Exchange of letters: SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/2016/488 S/2016/488] and PSC letter [https://undocs.org/S/2016/489 S/2016/489] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar || I || DPPA || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/248 resolution 72/248] || mandate reviewed and renewed annually under the agenda item "Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives" 
|-
| Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Sudan || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Libya || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Yemen || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on South Sudan || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team pursuant to resolutions 1526 (2004) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and the Taliban and associated individuals and entities|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Office of the Ombudsperson established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1904 (2009)|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Implementation of Security Council resolution 2231 (2015)|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Mali|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Somalia|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Support to the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (2004) on the non-proliferation of all weapons of mass destruction || II || ODA || ||
|-
| Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) || II || CTED || ||
|-
| United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da’esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (UNITAD) || II || UNITAD ||
|-
| United Nations Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS) || III || DPPA || ||
|- 
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Regional Centre for Preventative Diplomacy for Central Asia (UNRCCA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations support for the Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission (CNMC) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon (UNSCOL) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa (UNOCA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Mission to Support the Hudaydah Agreement (UNMHA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in the Sudan (UNITAMS) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) || || DPPA || || Previously a [[DPKO]]-led SPM
|-
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) || || DPPA || ||
|}

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and/or police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
: ''See [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]''

The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 78 ||  ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/78/307 A/78/307]
|-
| 77 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/127 77/127] || 12 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/283 A/77/283]
|-
| 76 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/83 76/83] || 9 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/198 A/76/198]
|-
| 75 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Comprehensive review of special political missions */ Added resolution 78/29</comment>
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    <text bytes="15587" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology and list of current missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Cluster !! Lead department !! Establishment !! Notes
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus  || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/186(1964) resolution 186 (1964)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1366(2001) resolution 1366 (2001)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara   || I || DPPA || SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/1997/236 S/1997/236] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 (2004) || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1559(2004) resolution 1559 (2004)] || Lebanon; open-ended mandate
|-
| United Nations Representative to the Geneva International Discussions || I || DPPA || SG report [https://undocs.org/S/2009/254 S/2009/254] and letter [https://undocs.org/S/2010/103 S/2010/103] || Georgia; open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria || I || DPPA || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/253 resolution 66/253]] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Horn of Africa || I || DPPA || Exchange of letters: SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/2011/474 S/2011/474] and PSC letter [https://undocs.org/S/2011/475 S/2011/475] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes Region || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2098(2013) resolution 2098 (2013)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen || I || DPPA || Exchange of letters: SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/2016/488 S/2016/488] and PSC letter [https://undocs.org/S/2016/489 S/2016/489] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar || I || DPPA || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/248 resolution 72/248] || mandate reviewed and renewed annually under the agenda item "Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives" 
|-
| Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Sudan || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Libya || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Yemen || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on South Sudan || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team pursuant to resolutions 1526 (2004) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and the Taliban and associated individuals and entities|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Office of the Ombudsperson established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1904 (2009)|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Implementation of Security Council resolution 2231 (2015)|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Mali|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Somalia|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Support to the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (2004) on the non-proliferation of all weapons of mass destruction || II || ODA || ||
|-
| Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) || II || CTED || ||
|-
| United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da’esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (UNITAD) || II || UNITAD ||
|-
| United Nations Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS) || III || DPPA || ||
|- 
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Regional Centre for Preventative Diplomacy for Central Asia (UNRCCA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations support for the Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission (CNMC) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon (UNSCOL) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa (UNOCA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Mission to Support the Hudaydah Agreement (UNMHA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in the Sudan (UNITAMS) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) || || DPPA || || Previously a [[DPKO]]-led SPM
|-
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) || || DPPA || ||
|}

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and/or police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
: ''See [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]''

The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 78 ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/79 78/79] || 7 December 2023 || [https://undocs.org/A/78/307 A/78/307]
|-
| 77 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/77/SR.21 A/C.4/77/SR.21] (4 November 2022) || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/127 77/127] || 12 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/283 A/77/283]
|-
| 76 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/83 76/83] || 9 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/198 A/76/198]
|-
| 75 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Peacebuilding</title>
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    <comment>/* History */</comment>
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    <text bytes="15969" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Associated MPTFO report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/756 A/77/756] || ||
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] || [https://mptf.undp.org/sites/default/files/documents/PBF%20Consolidated%20Annual%20Financial%20Report%202021.pdf 2021 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/27185 2020 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/24189 2019 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/21687 2018 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/19890 2017 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/18174 2016 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/16311 2015 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/14581 2014 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/12894 2013 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/11296 2012 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/9077 2011 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/6520 2010 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/4120 2009 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2404 2008 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2403 2007 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>a4cba0ee92ae7ddf8f735d0529351f3f966ff04e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>988</id>
    <parentid>983</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-12-23T14:45:14Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Peacebuilding Fund */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="17106" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Financing of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The General Assembly originally specified that the Peacebuilding Fund was to be financed entirely through voluntary contributions. In 2018, the Secretary-General called for Member States to provide the Fund with an additional amount of either $100 million or a symbolic amount equivalent to 1% of approved resources for peacekeeping operations on an annual basis in order to improve the predictability and sustainability of available resources. A detailed proposal for operationalizing this request was submitted to the General Assembly in 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] Investing in prevention and peacebuilding: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

On 22 December 2023, the General Assembly established a Peacebuilding Account through which to provide $50 million in assessed contributions on an annual basis to the Peacebuilding Fund. The assembly decided that half of the amount would be assessed under the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular budget and half under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]].

=== Terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Associated MPTFO report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/756 A/77/756] || ||
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] || [https://mptf.undp.org/sites/default/files/documents/PBF%20Consolidated%20Annual%20Financial%20Report%202021.pdf 2021 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/27185 2020 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/24189 2019 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/21687 2018 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/19890 2017 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/18174 2016 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/16311 2015 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/14581 2014 Consolidated Annual Financial Report] ||
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/12894 2013 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/11296 2012 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/9077 2011 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/6520 2010 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/4120 2009 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2404 2008 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || [https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/2403 2007 Financial reporting on sources and uses of funds] ||
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>c71e2769a7cdf88ae064aa26035795fb671c360b</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Document symbol</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>96</id>
  <revision>
    <id>984</id>
    <parentid>903</parentid>
    <timestamp>2023-11-21T21:51:19Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* General Assembly documents with standardized symbols */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8423" xml:space="preserve">The '''document symbol''' is the unique identifier assigned to every [[official document|official United Nations document]]. It identifies the organ associated with the document as well as the type of document.

== Syntax ==
Each document symbol has a number of components, separated by forward slashes (/). The first component identifies the associated organ, as such:
* '''A''':	General Assembly
* '''S''':	Security Council
* '''E''':	Economic and Social Council
* '''ST''':	Secretariat

The final component of the document symbol can be one or more of the following modifiers:
* Addendum
*: '''/Add.'''(number)
* Amendment: Alteration by decision of a competent authority, of a portion of an adopted formal text
*: '''/Amend.'''(number)	
* Corrigendum 
*: '''/Corr.'''(number)
* Revision (replacing texts previously issued)
*: '''/Rev.'''(number)
* Reissuance of a document for technical reasons
*: '''*'''	

=== General Assembly documents ===

* Report
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''A/RES/'''(session)'''/'''(resolution number)&lt;ref&gt;Before 1976, resolution numbers were not reset each session, and the symbol followed the following syntax: '''A/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(session number in roman numerals)''')'''&lt;/ref&gt;
* Proposal
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Official record
*: '''A/'''(session)'''/PV.'''(meeting number)

* Committee document
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/'''(number)
* Committee proposal
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/L.'''(number)
* Committee summary record
*: '''A/C.'''(committee number)'''/'''(session)'''/SR.'''(meeting number)

* Subsidiary body document
*: '''A/AC.'''(subsidiary body number)'''/'''(year)'''/'''(document number)&lt;ref&gt;For a list of subsidiary bodies and their numbers, see [https://undocs.org/ST/LIB/SER.B/5/Rev.5]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== General Assembly documents with standardized symbols ====
Some General Assembly documents are issued regularly with the same number, in the format '''A/'''(session)'''/'''(number). These are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number   !! Report !! In use !! Notes
|-
| 1	|| Report of the Secretary-General of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 2 	|| Report of the Security Council || Yes ||
|-
| 3 	|| Report of the Economic and Social Council || Yes ||
|-
| 4 	|| Report of the International Court of Justice || Yes ||
|-
| 5 	|| Report of the [[Board of Auditors]] || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes (Vol.###)
|-
| 6 	|| Proposed [[programme budget]] || Yes || Issued in multiple sections (Sect.###) and income sections (Income Sect.###)
|-
| 6/Add.1 || Programme budget || Yes || This presents the budget as approved by the GA
|-
| 7 	|| Report of the [[Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions]] || Yes || Issued with multiple addenda
|-
| 8	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme || Yes || UN Habitat
|-
| 9	|| Report of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board || Yes ||
|-
| 10	|| Report of the International Law Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 11	|| Report of the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]] || Yes ||
|-
| 12	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees || Yes ||
|-
| 13	|| Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East || Yes || UNRWA
|-
| 14	||  || No ||
|-
| 15	||  || No ||
|-
| 16	|| Report of the [[Committee for Programme and Coordination]] || Yes ||
|-
| 17	|| Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law || Yes ||
|-
| 18	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination || Yes ||
|-
| 19	|| Report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] || Yes || a.k.a. C34
|-
| 20	|| Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space || Yes ||
|-
| 21	|| Report of the Committee on Information || Yes ||
|-
| 23	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples || Yes || a.k.a C24
|-
| 24	|| Report of the United Nations Council for Namibia || No || Body defunct
|-
| 25	|| Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme || No ||	Document now issued under UNEP symbol
|-
| 26	|| Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country || Yes ||
|-
| 27	|| Report of the Conference on Disarmament || Yes ||
|-
| 28	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference || No || Body defunct
|-
| 29	|| Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean || Yes ||
|-
| 30	|| Report of the [[International Civil Service Commission]] || Yes ||
|-
| 32	|| Report of the Committee on Conferences || Yes ||
|-
| 33	|| Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and the Strengthening of the Organization || Yes ||
|-
| 34	|| Report of the Joint Inspection Unit || Yes ||
|-
| 35	|| Report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People || Yes ||
|-
| 36	|| Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights || Yes ||
|-
| 37	|| Report of the Intergovernmental Committee on Science and Technology for Development || No || body defunct
|-
| 38	|| Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women || Yes ||
|-
| 39	|| Report of the High-level Committee on the Review of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries || No || Later reports issued under TCDC symbol
|-
| 40	|| Report of the Human Rights Committee || Yes ||
|-
| 41	|| Report of the Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Principle of Non-Use of Force in International Relations || No || Body defunct
|-
| 42	|| Report of the Disarmament Commission || Yes ||
|-
| 43	||  ||  ||
|-
| 44	|| Report of the Committee against Torture || Yes ||
|-
| 45	||  ||  ||
|-
| 46	|| Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation || Yes ||
|-
| 47	||  ||  ||
|-
| 48	|| Report of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers And their Familes || Yes ||
|-
| 49	|| Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the General Assembly || Yes || Issued in multiple volumes
|-
| 50	|| Preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda  || Yes ||
|-
| 51	||  ||  ||
|-
| 52	||  ||  ||
|-
| 53	|| Report of the Human Rights Council || Yes ||
|-
| 54	||  ||  ||
|-
| 55	|| Report of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities || Yes ||
|-
| 56	|| Report of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances || Yes ||
|-
| 100	|| Annotated preliminary lists of items to be included in the provisional agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 150	|| Provisional agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 200	|| List of supplementary items proposed for inclusion in the agenda || Yes ||
|-
| 250	|| Organization of the ### regular session of the General Assembly || Yes ||
|-
| 251 || Agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly || ||
|-
| 251/Rev.1  || Agenda of the ### session of the General Assembly and the resolutions and decisions adopted under each item  || Yes || 
|-
| 252 || Allocation of agenda items for the ### session of the General Assembly || ||
|-
| 300	|| Notification by the Secretary-General under Article 12, paragraph 2, of the Charter || Yes ||
|}

=== Security Council documents ===
* Document
*: '''S/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Resolution
*: '''S/RES/'''(resolution number)'''('''(year)''')'''
* Presidential statement
*: '''S/PRST/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Meeting records
*: '''S/PV.'''(meeting number)

=== Secretariat documents ===
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/SGB/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances]]
*: '''ST/AI/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* [[Administrative issuances#Information circulars|Information circular]]
*: '''ST/IC/'''(year)'''/'''(number)
* Assessment of Member States
*: '''ST/ADM/SER.B/'''(number)

== Accessing documents ==
Official documents can be located through the Official Document System (ODS) website: [https://documents.un.org documents.un.org]. 

If you know the document symbol of the official document you are looking for, you can access it directly from [https://undocs.org undocs.org]/(document symbol)

== See also ==
* [[Official document]]

== References ==

[[category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
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    <text bytes="9852" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS)''' || '''Somalia''' || '''2007''' || '''Ongoing''' || AMISOM replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM) and was originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation; was reconfigured into ATMIS in March 2022 with the adoption of [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2628(2022) SCR 2628 (2022)]
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2007 || 2020 || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100 (2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149 (2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| '''G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S)''' || '''Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger''' || 2017 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|}

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020] Letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council on the independent assessment  of  United Nations-African Union cooperation and the structure and capacity of the [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303] Implementation of resolutions 2320 (2016) and 2378 (2017) and considerations related to the financing of African Union peace support operations mandated by the Security Council

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

=== Lessons learned ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Lessons-learned on the transitions from AU peace operations to UN peacekeeping operations in Mali and in the Central African Republic
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1099 S/2021/1099] Summary report on lessons learned from the experience of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11066" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS)''' || '''Somalia''' || '''2007''' || '''Ongoing''' || AMISOM replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM) and was originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation; was reconfigured into ATMIS in March 2022 with the adoption of [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2628(2022) SCR 2628 (2022)]
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2007 || 2020 || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100 (2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149 (2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S) || Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger || 2017 || 2023 ||
|}

== Financing of African Union-led peace support operations ==

On 21 December 2023, the Security Council adopted [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2719(2023) resolution 2719 (2023)] in which it 

&lt;blockquote&gt;Agrees to consider on a case-by-case basis…requests from the African Union Peace and Security Council seeking authorisation from the United Nations Security Council for African Union-led peace support operations under chapters VII and VIII of the Charter to have access to United Nations assessed contributions&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt; Determines that African Union-led peace support operations that are authorized by the Security Council will have access to funding from the United Nations assessed contributions not exceeding 75 percent of their annual budgets, with the remaining amount to be jointly mobilized by the African Union and United Nations from the international community as extra-budgetary resources and commits to consider all viable options in the event of significant shortfalls in resource mobilization&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2719(2023) resolution 2719 (2023)] || 12/21/2023 || Authorized use of UN assessed contributions to pay up to 75% of costs on a case-by-case basis
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020] Letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council on the independent assessment  of  United Nations-African Union cooperation and the structure and capacity of the [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303] Implementation of resolutions 2320 (2016) and 2378 (2017) and considerations related to the financing of African Union peace support operations mandated by the Security Council

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] ''Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council'' 
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] ''Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)

=== Lessons learned ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Lessons-learned on the transitions from AU peace operations to UN peacekeeping operations in Mali and in the Central African Republic
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1099 S/2021/1099] Summary report on lessons learned from the experience of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Integrated mission</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="5521" xml:space="preserve">A structurally-'''integrated mission''' is a mission (either [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping]] or [[special political missions|political]]) in which one of the deputy heads of mission simultaneously serves as the resident coordinator, who leads the [[United Nations country team]], and—in some cases—also the humanitarian coordinator, who is responsible for leading and coordinating the efforts of humanitarian organizations (both UN and non-UN). Both peacekeeping and [[special political missions]] can be integrated missions. 

Integrated missions emerged following the end of the Cold War after the United Nations increasingly found itself called to engage in complex emergencies with political, military, humanitarian and developmental aspects, though the label itself did not emerge until after the issuance of the [[Brahimi report]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/missions/missions.pdf Eide, Espen Barth et al. Report on Integrated Missions: Independent Study commissioned by the United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Integrated assessment and planning policy ==

The integrated assessment and planning (IAP) policy—originally issued in 2013 and revised in 2023—establishes the minimum and mandatory requirements for assessment and planning in conflict and post-conflict settings where an integrated UN presence is in place or is being considered. It can also be applied in non-integrated settings, mutatis mutandis, as in the case of UNAMID.

The four requirements under the IAP policy are:
# The joint conduct of '''strategic assessments''' to ensure a shared understanding of a conflict or post-conflict situation, role of stakeholders and core peace consolidation priorities, and to propose options for UN engagement on the basis of an assessment of risks and opportunities;
#: Strategic assessments bring together development, humanitarian and human rights entities to develop a shared understanding of a conflict or post-conflict situation, role of stakeholders and core peace consolidation priorities, and to propose options for UN engagement on the basis of an assessment of risks and opportunities. 
#: Strategic assessments form the basis for the development of recommendations to the Secretary-General—and ultimately to the Security Council—on the establishment or reconfiguration of a mission.
# The articulation of a '''common UN vision, priorities and respective responsibilities''' in support of peace consolidation, including relationship, if any, to national plans and priorities;
#: The shared vision, objectives and means are articulated, through an inclusive analytical planning process, in common strategic framework. By default, the United Nations sustainable development cooperation framework (CF) serves as the common strategic framework in an integrated presence, but an integrated strategic framework may be used in lieu of a CF in the initial phase of a mission or in exceptional circumstances. 
# The establishment of '''integrated mechanisms''' for joint analysis, planning, coordination, monitoring and decision-making on joint strategic and operational matters at both field and Headquarters levels;
#: At Headquarters, the Integrated Task Force chaired by the lead department and including [[DPPA]], [[DPO]], [[DOS]], [[OHCHR]], [[DSS]] and relevant [[United Nations system|agencies, funds and programmes]] is the main coordination forum.
#: At the mission level, missions have senior-level forums chaired by the SRSG in place for joint decision making on strategic and operational issues. 
#: The mission [[Mission_structures#Office_of_the_Chief_of_Staff|strategic planning unit]] generally serves as the core of a joint working-level analytical and planning capacity, working with the [[United Nations country team|resident coordinator office]].
# The conduct of '''integrated monitoring and reporting''' on the implementation of integrated strategic frameworks.

== Cost-sharing arrangement ==

The salaries and common staff costs for dual/triple-hatted DSRSGs is shared equally between missions and the Resident Coordinator system.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/7/Add.48 A/70/7/Add.48], paragraph 17&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/498 A/73/498], paragraphs 21-28&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/579 A/73/579], paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;

Operational support costs, including official travel, were previously entirely covered by missions but are now covered under the global cost-shared budget as a result of the [[development system reform]].&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/272 B resolution 71/272B], Section V&lt;/ref&gt;

== Documents ==
* [https://reliefweb.int/report/world/secretary-generals-note-guidance-integrated-missions Note from the Secretary-General: Guidance on Integrated Missions] (February 2006)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387408 United Nations Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning] (April 2013)
* [http://repository.un.org/handle/11176/387407 Integrated Assessment and Planning Handbook] (December 2013)
* [https://undocs.org/A/70/703 A/70/703] Proposed United Nations Secretariat contribution to the United Nations Development Group cost-sharing arrangement for the resident coordinator system

== See also ==
* [[Independent strategic reviews]], which have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the IAP policy
* [[Multidimensional mission]]
* [[Mission structures]]

== References ==

[[Category:Doctrine]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Staff Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <comment>Updated to reflect issuance of ST/SGB/2023/1/Rev.1</comment>
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    <text bytes="3940" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2023/1/Rev.1 '''ST/SGB/2023/1/Rev.1'''] (1 January 2023).

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2023/1 ST/SGB/2023/1]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1/Rev.1 Rev. 1], and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1/Rev.2 Rev. 2] (1 January 2022)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2017/1 ST/SGB/2017/1] (16 December 2016) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2017/1/Corr.1 Corr.1]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/1 ST/SGB/2016/1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/5 ST/SGB/2016/5] (1 July 2016)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2014/1 ST/SGB/2014/1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2014/2 ST/SGB/2014/2](1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2012/1 (1 January 2012)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/A/59/291 A/59/291] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/732 A/61.732] Staffing of field missions, including the use of 300 and 100-series appointments&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/1 ST/SGB/2000/1] Staff Rules—100 series&lt;ref&gt;For Article IV (appointment and promotion), see [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/5 ST/SGB/1999/5]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/2 ST/SGB/2000/2] Staff Rules—200 series applicable to technical assistance project personnel
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/3 ST/SGB/2000/3] Staff Rules—300 series governing appointments for service of a limited duration

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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    <comment>Created page with "'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018.   == Biography ==  Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. He is an expert on international public administration whose research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.  Prior to joining the Ce..."</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4540" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. He is an expert on international public administration whose research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations transitions, and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including peacekeeping financing and cross-cutting policy issues, the scales of assessments, and institutional reform. 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Book chapters ===
: Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. https://www.routledge.com/Reinvigorating-The-United-Nations/Kornprobst-Redo/p/book/9781032707631 

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2024 ====
: Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023).” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

: Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

: Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect.” IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/ 

==== 2023 ====

: Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

: Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked.” IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

: Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

: Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan.” Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

: Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT." Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

: Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity.” Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

: Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts.” Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979</text>
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    <text bytes="5841" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including [[peacekeeping financing]] and cross-cutting policy issues, the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and institutional reform. 

Over the course of his career, Eugene spearheaded several major reforms and policy initiatives at the UN, including the establishment of the current [[personnel reimbursement]] framework in peace operations (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/261 resolution 67/261]), the 2019 management reforms ([https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend. 1], and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]), liquidity measures to improve the [[financial situation of the United Nations|financial situation of peacekeeping operations]] (reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]), providing the [[Peacebuilding Fund]] with access to assessed contributions ([https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732]), and enhancing the support and funding to [[African Union]]-led peace support operations ([https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303]). Eugene also played an important role in the design and implementation of other policy initiatives, such as the follow-up to the 2015 High-level Panel on Peace Operations ([https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682]) and the 2019 restructuring of the peace and security architecture ([https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525]). 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and senior fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security. He holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Book chapters ===
: Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. https://www.routledge.com/Reinvigorating-The-United-Nations/Kornprobst-Redo/p/book/9781032707631 

=== UN reports ===
: 

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2024 ====
: Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023).” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

: Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

: Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect.” IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/ 

==== 2023 ====

: Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

: Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked.” IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

: Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

: Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan.” Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

: Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT." Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

: Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity.” Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

: Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts.” Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979</text>
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    <text bytes="6127" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including [[peacekeeping financing]] and cross-cutting policy issues, the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and institutional reform. 

Over the course of his career, Eugene spearheaded several major reforms and policy initiatives at the UN, including the establishment of the current [[personnel reimbursement]] framework in peace operations (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/261 resolution 67/261]), the 2019 management reforms ([https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend. 1], and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]), liquidity measures to improve the [[financial situation of the United Nations|financial situation of peacekeeping operations]] (reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]), providing the [[Peacebuilding Fund]] with access to assessed contributions ([https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732]), and enhancing the support and funding to [[African Union]]-led peace support operations ([https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303]). Eugene also played an important role in the design and implementation of other policy initiatives, such as the follow-up to the 2015 High-level Panel on Peace Operations ([https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682]) and the 2019 restructuring of the peace and security architecture ([https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525]). 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and senior fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security. He holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Book chapters ===
: Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. https://www.routledge.com/Reinvigorating-The-United-Nations/Kornprobst-Redo/p/book/9781032707631 

=== UN reports ===
: 

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2024 ====
* Chen, Eugene. “Sorry, Ambassador Bolton. U.S. membership in the UN is burden-sharing at its best.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 11 March 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/sorry-ambassador-bolton-us-membership-at-the-un-is-burden-sharing-at-its-best/

* Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023).” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

* Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect.” IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/

==== 2023 ====

: Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

: Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked.” IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

: Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

: Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan.” Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

: Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT." Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

: Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity.” Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

: Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts.” Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979</text>
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    <text bytes="6117" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including [[peacekeeping financing]] and cross-cutting policy issues, the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and institutional reform. 

Over the course of his career, Eugene spearheaded several major reforms and policy initiatives at the UN, including the establishment of the current [[personnel reimbursement]] framework in peace operations (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/261 resolution 67/261]), the 2019 management reforms ([https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend. 1], and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]), liquidity measures to improve the [[financial situation of the United Nations|financial situation of peacekeeping operations]] (reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]), providing the [[Peacebuilding Fund]] with access to assessed contributions ([https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732]), and enhancing the support and funding to [[African Union]]-led peace support operations ([https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303]). Eugene also played an important role in the design and implementation of other policy initiatives, such as the follow-up to the 2015 High-level Panel on Peace Operations ([https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682]) and the 2019 restructuring of the peace and security architecture ([https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525]). 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and senior fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security. He holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Chapters in edited volumes ===
* Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. https://www.routledge.com/Reinvigorating-The-United-Nations/Kornprobst-Redo/p/book/9781032707631 

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2024 ====
* Chen, Eugene. “Sorry, Ambassador Bolton. U.S. membership in the UN is burden-sharing at its best.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 11 March 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/sorry-ambassador-bolton-us-membership-at-the-un-is-burden-sharing-at-its-best/

* Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023).” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

* Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect.” IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/

==== 2023 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked.” IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

* Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace.” New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

* Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan.” Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

* Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT." Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

* Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity.” Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts.” Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20230508102503|956">
  <title>Project:About</title>
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    <text bytes="2310" xml:space="preserve">Welcome to the '''Peacekeeping References Wiki'''!

== Who created this website? ==
This website was created by [[user:Telegramwriter|'''Eugene Chen''']]. 

== Why does this website exist? ==
The United Nations is an extremely complex organization. Much of how the bureaucracy and intergovernmental processes work is based on a mix of tradition, mythology and a labyrinthine set of resolutions, regulations and rules. Compounding these challenges is the fact that navigation of [https://documents.un.org official documentation] is far from intuitive. 

This website is intended to make it easier to understand the nuts and bolts of United Nations peacekeeping operations. This is not an exhaustive resource. its creator has taken every effort to provide references to official documents or internal policies, but '''this website is not an authoritative reference'''.

== Who is this website for? ==
This website has its origins in a collection of post-it notes and gradually grew to include a list of commonly-referenced documents and a set of handover notes. At some point, its creator decided to translate all of these materials into a wiki format, where it would be much more easily searchable. There is little method to the madness when it comes to the order in which pages are added. The subjects covered are ones of interest to its creator. 

Putting the material into a public wiki has the secondary benefit of allowing others to benefit from the information (and reducing the amount of time spent fielding questions from inside and outside the United Nations about various esoteric topics). 

== What does the URL mean? ==
"Casque bleu" is "blue helmet" in French.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2(I) 2 (I)] of 1 February 1946 established English and French as working languages of the Secretariat and paragraph 59 of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/9 resolution 70/9] of 13 November 2015 established multilingualism as a core value of the Organization.&lt;/ref&gt; The blue helmet has been associated with United Nations peacekeeping operations since the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in 1956&lt;ref&gt;"What is the origin of the blue helmets worn by UN peacekeepers?" Dag Hammarskjöld Library website. http://ask.un.org/faq/209615&lt;/ref&gt;.

== References ==</text>
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  <title>Development Coordination Office</title>
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    <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Resident coordinator system]]</text>
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  <title>Composition of the Secretariat</title>
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    <text bytes="2776" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual report on the '''composition of the Secretariat''', which is considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] every year under the human resources management agenda item. During odd-numbered sessions of the General Assembly, an addendum covering [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel, retirees and consultants]] is also submitted.

The reports provide statistics on staff composition broken down by gender, grade, Secretariat entity and age, as well as statistics related to geographical representation and the [[system of desirable ranges]]. 

== Secretary-General reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Staff demographics !! Gratis personnel, retirees, consultants and ICs, and UNVs !! Notes
|-
| 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/78/569 A/78/569] || ||
|-
| 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/580 A/77/580] || [https://undocs.org/A/77/578 A/77/578] || 
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/570 A/76/570] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/570/CORR.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591 A/75/591] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591/Add.1 A/75/591/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/82 A/74/82] || ||
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79 A/73/79] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79/add.1 A/73/79/Add.1] || 
|-
| 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/123 A/72/123] || || Switch to calendar year reporting
|-
| 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360 A/71/360] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360/add.1 A/71/360/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014/15 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/764 A/70/764] || ||
|-
| 2013/14 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292 A/69/292] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292/add.1 A/69/292/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/356 A/68/356] || ||
|-
| 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329 A/67/329] || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329/add.1 A/67/329/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/347 A/66/347] || ||
|-
| 2009/10 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350 A/65/350] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350/add.1 A/65/350/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/352 A/64/352] || ||
|-
| 2007/08 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/310 A/63/310] || ||
|-
| 2006/07 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/315 A/62/315] || ||
|-
| 2005/06 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/257 A/61/257] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/257/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2004/05 || [https://undocs.org/A/60/310 A/60/310] || ||
|-
| 2003/04 || [https://undocs.org/A/59/299 A/59/299] || ||
|-
| 2002/03 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/666 A/58/666] || ||
|- 
| 2001/02 || [https://undocs.org/A/57/414 A/57/414] || ||
|-
| 2000/01 || [https://undocs.org/A/56/512 A/56/512] and [https://undocs.org/A/56/512/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[United Nations staff]]

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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  <title>Independent reviews</title>
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    <text bytes="9517" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been undertaken of a number of [[special political missions]].

Independent reviews have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General or requested by the Security Council. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission or country  !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| MINUSCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2709(2023) resolution 2709 (2023)] ||  ||
|-
| UNSOS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2687(2023) resolution 2687 (2023)] ||  ||
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2682(2023) resolution 2682 (2023)] || Volker Perthes || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2024/270 S/2024/270]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2679(2023) resolution 2679 (2023)] || Feridun Sinirlioğlu || 
|-
| UNOAU || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/262 resolution 77/262] of 30 December 2022 || Daniela Kroslak ||
|-
| BINUH || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2600(2021) resolution 2600 (2021)] || Mourad Wahba || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2022/369 S/2022/369]
|-
| UNSOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2592(2021) resolution 2592 (2021)] || Ian Martin || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2022/716 S/2022/716]
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1042 S/2021/1042]
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|-
| Assessment of United Nations-African Union cooperation || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9553" xml:space="preserve">The Secretariat initiated a series of '''independent reviews''' of peacekeeping operations beginning in 2017. The broad vision for these reviews was presented as follows by the Secretary-General during a March 2018 Security Council thematic debate:

&lt;blockquote&gt;we are conducting independent reviews of peacekeeping missions aimed at refining their priorities and configuration, while assessing the viability of their  mandates  and  political  processes.  The  reviews  are  aimed  at  ensuring  that  we  have  well-trained  and  -equipped  peacekeepers  who  are  mobile  and  agile  and  can be proactive in dealing with challenges and threats. Too  often  in  the  past  our  troops  have  been  reduced  to  waiting in a defensive position, giving hostile forces the time and space to plan attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/PV.8218 S/PV.8218] Security Council 8218th meeting, Wednesday, 28 March 2018, 10 a.m.: United Nations peacekeeping operations: Collective action to improve United Nations peacekeeping operations&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Similar independent reviews have also been undertaken of a number of [[special political missions]].

Independent reviews have largely supplanted the strategic assessments required under the 2013 [[integrated mission|integrated planning and assessment policy]], despite the fact that the two have different purposes and compositions. 

== Process ==
Independent reviews can either be initiated by the Secretary-General, requested by the Security Council, or requested by the General Assembly. Each review is led by an independent team leader with prior experience with United Nations peace operations, with support from the relevant departments at Headquarters. To improve the rigour and credibility of the reviews, data analytics have been used to inform the conclusions, which are further tested through the use of a "red team" process.

The reports of the independent review are submitted to the Secretary-General, who then submits his own report to the Security Council conveying findings of the review and the his associated observations and proposals. 

=== Red team ===
A red team consists of up to six individuals with diverse skills and expertise relevant to the subject under review, and its role is to challenge the review’s assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations to ensure that they are comprehensive, practical, and evidence-based. Its members, which are usually identified by the [[Executive Office of the Secretary-General]], serve in their personal capacities and can be drawn from both inside and outside the United Nations. 

The introduction of red teams as part of the independent reviews reflected a growing discussion within the Secretariat on the utility of the concept to the United Nations in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-07-03/un-needs-red-team The UN Needs a 'Red Team': Breaking the Bureaucratic Mindset to Jumpstart Reform]". Foreign Affairs, 3 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of independent reviews ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission or country  !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| MINUSCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2709(2023) resolution 2709 (2023)] ||  ||
|-
| UNSOS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2687(2023) resolution 2687 (2023)] ||  ||
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2682(2023) resolution 2682 (2023)] || Volker Perthes || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2024/270 S/2024/270]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2679(2023) resolution 2679 (2023)] || Feridun Sinirlioğlu || 
|-
| UNOAU || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/262 resolution 77/262] of 30 December 2022 || Daniela Kroslak ||
|-
| BINUH || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2600(2021) resolution 2600 (2021)] || Mourad Wahba || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2022/369 S/2022/369]
|-
| UNSOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2592(2021) resolution 2592 (2021)] || Ian Martin || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2022/716 S/2022/716]
|-
| UNSMIL || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020) resolution 2542 (2020)] || Abdoulaye  Bathily || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/716 S/2021/716]
|-
| Somalia/AMISOM || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2520(2020) resolution 2520 (2020)] || Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report submitted on 8 January 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2021/03/au-mission-in-somalia-reauthorisation.php What's In Blue: AU Mission in Somalia Reauthorisation (12 March 2021)]&lt;/ref&gt; but not released publicly ([https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/121014/Independent-Assessment-of-International-Support.pdf link]). &lt;br /&gt;The report of the AU-commissioned independent assessment was issued as [https://undocs.org/S/2021/922 S/2021/922]
|-
| UNMISS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2514(2020) resolution 2514 (2020)] || El-Ghassim Wane || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1224 S/2020/1224]
|-
| UNOAU || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|-
| UNOWAS || Secretary-General || Abdoulaye Bathily || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/890 S/2019/890]
|-
| MONUSCO || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019) resolution 2463 (2019)] || Youssef Mahmoud || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2019/842 S/2019/842]
|-
| UNOCA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/17 presidential statement 2018/17] || Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/625 S/2019/625]
|-
| UNSOS || Secretary-General || Stephen Cutts || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1149 S/2018/1149] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/762 A/73/762], but findings not made public
|-
| UNDOF || Secretary-General || Lt. Gen. Paolo Serra || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1088 S/2018/1088]
|-
| UNIOGBIS || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2404(2018) resolution 2404 (2018)] || João Honwana || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/1086 S/2018/1086]
|-
| MINUSCA || Secretary-General || Juan Gabriel Valdés || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/922 S/2018/922]
|-
| MINURSO || Secretary-General || Diane Corner || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/889 S/2018/889]
|-
| UNISFA || Secretary-General || Gen. Martin Luther Agwai || Review referenced in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/778 S/2018/778], but findings not made public
|-
| MINUSMA || Secretary-General || Ellen Løj || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/541 S/2018/541]
|-
| UNMISS || Secretary-General || Kevin Kennedy || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2018/143 S/2018/143]
|-
| UNFICYP || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2369 (2017)] || Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/1008 S/2017/1008]
|-
| UNAMI || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2367(2017) resolution 2367 (2017)] || Anthony Banbury and Phillip Rawkins	|| Executive summary and recommendations transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2017/966 S/2017/966]
|-
| UNSMIL || Secretary-General || Jean-Marie Guéhenno || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/726 S/2017/726]
|-
| UNAMA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2344(2017) resolution 2344 (2017)] || Ján Kubiś || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2017/696 S/2017/696]
|}

== Related thematic reviews ==
In addition to reviews of individual peace operations (and related entities such as UNOAU), several thematic reviews that have also included similar elements, such as independent team leaders and red teams, have also been launched in recent years.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subject   !! Initiated by !!  Team leader !! Notes
|-
| Peacekeeping operations' response to improvised explosive devices || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2021/11 presidential statement 2021/11] || Maj Gen (ret) Hugh van Roosen || Report transmitted as annex to [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1042 S/2021/1042]
|-
| Integration in the United Nations || Secretary-General || Jordan Ryan || Report submitted to the [[Executive Committee]] in January 2021
|-
| Improving the safety and security of peacekeepers || Secretary-General || General (ret) Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz || Report ([https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/improving_security_of_united_nations_peacekeepers_report.pdf link]) issued in December 2017, but not as [[official documents|official document]] 
|-
| Assessment of United Nations-African Union cooperation || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || Said Djinnit || Findings summarized in [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020]
|}

== See also ==
* Forti, Daniel. [https://www.ipinst.org/2021/10/independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations-a-study-of-politics-and-practice ''Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations: A Study of Politics and Practice''] IPI, 27 October 2021
* Forti, Daniel. "[https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/04/learning-independent-reviews-of-un-peace-operations/ Learning From Recent Independent Reviews of UN Peace Operations]". IPI Global Observatory, 22 April 2021

== References ==

[[category: missions]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Programmatic activities</title>
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    <comment>/* Budget requests for programmatic activities */</comment>
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    <text bytes="7567" xml:space="preserve">'''Programmatic activities''' is a term used to describe certain activities funded through [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]].

== Definitions ==

'''Programmatic activities''' are operational, time-limited activities with an identified end state in support of mandate implementation, undertaken by a peacekeeping mission and/or implementing partners activities to implement civilian mandated tasks. These include but are not limited to capacity-building, infrastructure projects, training, procurement of material and equipment, temporary consultancies and technical expertise. Implementation can be carried out both by missions and through collaborative arrangements with implementing partners who are often United Nations country team entities.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt;

Examples of programmatic activities include
* Civilian arms control
* Community stabilization projects
* Rule of law and security sector reform
* Community violence reduction
* Confidence-building
* Electoral assistance
* Community violence reduction
* Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration&lt;ref&gt;Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations: Note by the Secretary-General [http://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/31 A/C.5/59/31]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: Report of the ACABQ [https://undocs.org/A/60/929 A/60/929]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mine action

'''Programmatic funding''' involves the utilization of assessed funding during a specific budget period for programmatic activities to implement mandated tasks.&lt;ref&gt;2017.25 DPKO–DFS Guidelines on Mandated Programmatic Activities funded through PK Assessed Budgets&lt;/ref&gt; Programmatic funding does not include related military or police or civilian personnel costs, and is distinct from [[quick-impact projects]].

== Member State concerns ==

Some Member States have voiced concerns about the inclusion of programmatic funding in peacekeeping budget requests, as these types of activities are generally performed by [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]. Despite these concerns, funding for programmatic activities is routinely included in peacekeeping budgets where those activities are [https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/data/mandate_table.xls mandated by the Security Council].

== Implementation by country teams ==

Programmatic activities have increasingly been implemented on behalf of missions by members of the country team. Mission [[transitions]] have been a major catalyst for such efforts. One of the first major examples was the provision of $2.7 million in the 2012/13 UNMIT budget to UNDP, UNICEF, UN-Women and UNFPA to implement activities in support of the transition process, facilitated by joint planning and the singing of memorandums of understanding between the mission and the relevant funds and programmes. Similarly, the country team was engaged in the implementation of mandated mission tasks during the transition of UNMIL&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/968 S/2016/968]Special report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia&lt;/ref&gt;, and state liaison functions managed by the country team but funded through the UNAMID budget were a critical element of the transition in Darfur&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2021/1099 S/2021/1099] Summary report on lessons learned from the experience of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur&lt;/ref&gt;.  

In July 2018, the General Assembly encouraged the Secretary-General to develop an accountability framework for programmatic activities funded though mission budgets but implemented by non-Secretariat entities.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/290 72/290] on the financing of MINUSCA for 2018/19, paragraph 11&lt;/ref&gt;. This was reaffirmed in each of the [[peacekeeping financing resolutions]] adopted in July 2019, which also included the following paragraphs: 

: ''Notes'' that the various programmatic activities to be financed through assessed contributions by peacekeeping missions must be directly linked to Security Council mandates and reflect the evolution of these mandates;

: ''Requests'' the Secretary-General to include, in the performance report of the mission, detailed information on programmatic activities including on how the implementation of those activities contributed to implementing mission mandates;&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, General Assembly [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/312 resolution 73/312] on the financing of MINUSCA&lt;/ref&gt;

In responding to these requests, Secretary-General included the following information in the peacekeeping overview report for 2020/21, saying:

: When a mission decides to implement programmatic activities through an implementing partner that is not part of the Secretariat, the accountability framework is provided by entering into a standard memorandum of understanding, included in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations-Department of Field Support guidelines of November 2017 (annex F). Under the memorandum of understanding, the responsibilities of the implementing  partners  and  their  reporting  obligations  towards  the  missions  are established. These include a calendar for submitting to the mission substantive and financial reports on the implementation of services and related outputs, achievements and financial outcome. It is also required under the memorandum of understanding that implementing partners comply with its internal and external audit procedures as set out in its financial regulations and rules and that, on that basis, the mission and the  implementing  partners  should  cooperate  to  rectify  any  issues  with  respect  to activities relating to the funds provided by the mission under the memorandum of understanding. Furthermore, with respect to accountability standards, the template memorandum  of  understanding  includes  the  provisions  regarding  due  care  and diligence  in  the  performance  of  services  by  the  implementing  partners  and  the responsibility for claims brought by any third party. The Secretariat has disseminated the memorandum of understanding to all missions and provides them with technical assistance, when requested, in collaboration with relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], section XVII, paragraph 266&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budget requests for programmatic activities ==

Since the 2017/18 financial period, a summary table of programmatic funding requests contained in the proposed budgets for peacekeeping operations has been contained in the peacekeeping [[overview report]]. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! Total requested !! Overview report
|-
| 2024/25 || 141,477,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/78/726 A/78/726], Annex VIII
|-
| 2023/24 || 195,224,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/779 A/77/779], Annex IX
|-
| 2022/23 || 201,232,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717], Annex VIII
|-
| 2021/22 || 193,767,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786], Annex VIII
|-
| 2020/21 || 211,379,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736], Annex VIII
|-
| 2019/20 || 217,758,100 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776], Annex IX
|-
| 2018/19 || 174,774,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770], Annex X
|-
| 2017/18 || 253,356,900 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809], Annex X
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Quick-impact projects]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Overview report</title>
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    <comment>/* Overview reports */</comment>
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    <text bytes="4260" xml:space="preserve">The annual report on the '''overview of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations''' summarizes the budget performance in peacekeeping operations from the previous financial period and summarizes the request for the next financial period. It is produced pursuant to General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296], which requested the Secretary-General

&lt;blockquote&gt;to submit an annual overview report on the financing of peacekeeping missions, reporting, inter alia, on trends in the size, composition and funding of the peacekeeping missions, relevant developments in peacekeeping operations, efforts to improve the management and functioning of peacekeeping operations and the management priorities for the coming year&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/296 resolution 59/296] of 22 June 2005 on cross-cutting issues&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The General Assembly, through its [[Fifth Committee]], generally considers the overview report in the context of its negotiation on [[cross-cutting resolutions]].

== Overview reports ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! Performance year !! Budget request year !! Cross-cutting resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/78/726 A/78/726 ] || [https://undocs.org/A/78/774 A/78/774] || 2022/23 || 2024/25 || ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/779 A/77/779] || [https://undocs.org/A/77/767 A/77/767] || 2021/22 || 2023/24 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/760 A/76/760] || 2020/21 || 2022/23 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/274 76/274] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/822 A/75/822] || 2019/20 || 2021/22 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736] || [https://undocs.org/A/74/737 A/74/737] || 2018/19 || 2020/21 || N/A ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/776 A/73/776] || [https://undocs.org/a/73/755 A/73/755] || 2017/18 || 2019/20 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/770 A/72/770] || [https://undocs.org/a/72/789 A/72/789] || 2016/17 || 2018/19 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/809 A/71/809] || [https://undocs.org/a/71/836 A/71/836] || 2015/16 || 2017/18 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/749 A/70/749] || [https://undocs.org/a/70/742 A/70/742] || 2014/15 || 2016/17 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/286 70/286] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/751/rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/69/839 A/69/839] || 2013/14 || 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/307 67/307] || Rev.1 issued after finalization of budget proposals and SC decision on UNMIL drawdown
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/731 A/68/731] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/782 A/68/782] || 2012/13 || 2014/15 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/723 A/67/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/780 A/67/780] || 2011/12 || 2013/14 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/679 A/66/679] || [https://undocs.org/a/66/718 A/66/718] || 2010/11 || 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/264 66/264] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/715 A/65/715] || [https://undocs.org/a/65/743 A/65/743] || 2009/10 || 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/289 65/289] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/643 A/64/643] || [https://undocs.org/a/64/660 A/64/660] || 2008/09 || 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 64/259] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/696 A/63/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/63/746 A/63/746] || 2007/08 || 2009/10 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/727 A/62/727] || [https://undocs.org/a/62/781 A/62/781] || 2006/07 || 2008/09 || N/A || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/61/786 A/61/786] || [https://undocs.org/a/61/852 A/61/852] || 2005/06 || 2007/08 || 61/276 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/696 A/60/696] || [https://undocs.org/a/60/880 A/60/880] || 2004/05 || 2006/07 || 60/266 || First overview report issued under 59/296
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/58/705 A/58/705] || [https://undocs.org/a/58/759 A/58/759] || 2002/03 || 2004/05 || 58/296 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/57/723 A/57/723] || [https://undocs.org/a/57/772 A/57/772] || 2001/02 || 2003/04 || 57/290 B || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Cross-cutting resolutions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <comment>/* Summary table */</comment>
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    <text bytes="11163" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2024/25 || 5,188,429,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/78/32 A/C.5/78/32] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2023/24 || 6,812,762,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/29 A/C.5/77/29] || 6,053,804,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/32 A/C.5/77/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/78/30 A/C.5/78/30] || 6,330,670,300 || MINUSMA in liquidation
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/30 A/C.5/77/30] || 6,453,390,700 || MINUSMA mandate ended 30 June 2023
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID mandate ended 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>b452c3976ac2b4b5816d7d219e588f9dfe3746f0</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>1025</id>
    <parentid>1010</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-06-06T11:30:22Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Summary table */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11163" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2024/25 || 5,691,080,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/78/32 A/C.5/78/32] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2023/24 || 6,812,762,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/29 A/C.5/77/29] || 6,053,804,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/32 A/C.5/77/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/78/30 A/C.5/78/30] || 6,330,670,300 || MINUSMA in liquidation
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/30 A/C.5/77/30] || 6,453,390,700 || MINUSMA mandate ended 30 June 2023
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID mandate ended 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>29b19dfb60597c70a1e8da760b5e90fe0d070105</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>1026</id>
    <parentid>1025</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-07-02T19:12:28Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Summary table */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="11220" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2024/25 || 5,691,080,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/78/32 A/C.5/78/32] || 5,593,101,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/78/34 A/C.5/78/34] ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2023/24 || 6,812,762,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/29 A/C.5/77/29] || 6,053,804,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/32 A/C.5/77/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/78/30 A/C.5/78/30] || 6,330,670,300 || MINUSMA in liquidation
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/30 A/C.5/77/30] || 6,453,390,700 || MINUSMA mandate ended 30 June 2023
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID mandate ended 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>a9085f2ac956f24a4851c4127b6668b6dd16d3ce</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Estimates in respect of special political missions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>227</id>
  <revision>
    <id>1011</id>
    <parentid>990</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-05-08T17:00:58Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7894" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on '''estimates in respect of special political missions''' in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Resolution !! Date !! Amount !! Notes
|-
| 78 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/274 78/274] || 24 April 2024 || 22,162,600 for UNITAMS transition and liquidation || [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.8 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (UNITAMS)
|-
| 78 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/253 78/253] section XVII || 22 December 2023 || 717,725,500 for 37 SPMs&lt;br &gt;2,128,800 for RSCE&lt;br /&gt;21,500,000 in commitment authority for UNITAMS || [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/78/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/78/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/78/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/78/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)&lt;br /&gt;
[http://undocs.org/A/78/6(Sect.3)/Add.7 A/78/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNOWAS, BINUH, UNVMC revised estimates)
|-
| 77 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/263 77/263] section V || 30 December 2022 || 766,193,900 for 39 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;2,141,100 for [[RSCE]] || [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/77/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/77/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/77/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/77/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246B 76/246B] section II || 13 April 2022 || 17,945,500 in commitment authority for UNSMIL || [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.8 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|-
| 76 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/246 76/246] section X  || 24 December 2021 || 585,629,600 for 37 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;1,820,200 for [[RSCE]] || [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.1 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.2 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.3 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/76/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.5 A/76/6 (Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5]&amp;nbsp;(UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.6 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/76/6(Sect.3)/Add.7 A/76/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNVMC, UNITAMS)
|-
| 75 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/253 75/253] section XVIII || 31 December 2020 || 728,212,200 for 40 SPMs&lt;br /&gt;1,412,400 for [[RSCE]]|| [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.1 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.2 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.3 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.4 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.5 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.6 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] (UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/A/75/6(SECT.3)/ADD.7 A/75/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.3)/Add.&amp;nbsp;7] ([[UNITAMS]])
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/263 74/263] section XVIII || 27 December 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.1 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.1] (chapeau)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.2 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.2] (cluster I); [https://undocs.org/A/74/6(Sect.3)/Add.3 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.3] (cluster II); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.4 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.4] (cluster III); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.5] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.5/corr.1 Corr.1] (UNAMA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.6] and [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.6/corr.1 Corr.1](UNAMI); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.7 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.7] (UNMHA); [https://undocs.org/a/74/6(sect.3)/add.8 A/74/6&amp;nbsp;(Sect.&amp;nbsp;3)/Add.8] (BINUH)
|-
| 73 || [https://www.undocs.org/A/RES/73/306 73/306] || 3 July 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.9 A/73/352/Add.9] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 July-31 December 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/279B 73/279B] sections III and IV || 15 April 2019 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.7 A/73/352/Add.7] (Somalia POE); &lt;br /&gt; [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.8 A/73/352/Add.8] (UNMHA/Yemen 1 April-30 June 2019)
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/279 73/279] || 22 December 2018 || || [https://undocs.org/a/73/352 A/73/352] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.1 A/73/352/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2 A/73/352/Add.2] and [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.2/corr.1 Corr.1] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.3 A/73/352/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.4 A/73/352/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/73/352/add.5 A/73/352/Add.5] (UNAMI); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6 A/73/352/Add.6],  [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.1 Corr.1] and [https://undocs.org/A/73/352/Add.6/Corr.2 Corr.2] (UNITAD)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262c 72/262C] || 5 July 2018 || || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.9 A/72/351/Add.9] (UNAMA); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.10 A/72/351/Add.10] (UNAMI)
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/262 72/262] || 24 December 2017 || || [https://undocs.org/a/72/351 A/72/351] (chapeau);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.1 A/72/351/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.2 A/72/351/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.3 A/72/351/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.4 A/72/351/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.5 A/72/351/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.6 A/72/351/Add.6] (POE on Mali); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.7 A/72/351/Add.7] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/72/351/add.8 A/72/351/Add.8] (UNSMIL)
|- 
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272b 71/272B] || 6 April 2017 || || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8 A/71/365/Add.8] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.8/corr.1 Corr.1] (OPCW-UN JIM);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.9 A/71/365/Add.9] (POE DPRK) 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/272 71/272] || 23 December 2016 || || [https://undocs.org/a/71/365 A/71/365] (chapeau); &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.1 A/71/365/Add.1] (cluster I), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.2 A/71/365/Add.2] (cluster II), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.3 A/71/365/Add.3] (cluster III), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.4 A/71/365/Add.4] (UNAMA), [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.5 A/71/365/Add.5] (UNAMI);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.6 A/71/365/Add.6] (OSA Burundi);&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7 A/71/365/Add.7] and [https://undocs.org/a/71/365/add.7/corr.1 Corr.1] (Colombia)
|}

== See also ==
* [[Special political missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Staff Regulations and Rules</title>
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    <text bytes="4051" xml:space="preserve">The current version of the '''Staff Regulations and Rules''' is [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2023/1/Rev.1 '''ST/SGB/2023/1/Rev.1'''] (1 January 2023) as amended by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/278 resolution 78/275] of 24 April 2024.

The Staff Regulations and Staff Rules apply to the Secretariat and the funds and programmes with the exception of the World Food Programme, to which the Regulations and Rules of the Food and Agriculture Programme apply. Secretariat administrative issuances (ST/SGBs and ST/AIs) implementing the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to the Secretariat, as each organization using the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules of the United Nations issues its own policies on the implementation of the Regulations and Rules.

== Authority ==
'''Staff regulations''' set out the broad principles of human resources policy for the staffing of and administration of the Secretariat and the separately-administered funds and programmes, and are established by the General Assembly under Article 101.1 of the United Nations Charter, which states:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Staff rules''' are issued by the Secretary-General under Staff Regulations 12.2 through 12.4. These are provisional until after they have been reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.2&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly may direct that a rule or amendment be withdrawn or modified.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.3&lt;/ref&gt; The rules enter into full force, after taking into account the modifications and/or deletions directed by the General Assembly, on 1 January of the year after the provisional rules were reported to the General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;Staff Regulation 12.4&lt;/ref&gt;

== Related documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/en/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff and Financial Regulations and Rules (from 1 January 2019)
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2015/1 ST/SGB/2015/1] Delegation of authority in the administration of the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (until 31 December 2018)

== Previous versions ==
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2023/1 ST/SGB/2023/1]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1 ST/SGB/2018/1], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2018/1/Rev.1 Rev. 1], and [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2018/1/Rev.2 Rev. 2] (1 January 2022)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2017/1 ST/SGB/2017/1] (16 December 2016) and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2017/1/Corr.1 Corr.1]
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/1 ST/SGB/2016/1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/5 ST/SGB/2016/5] (1 July 2016)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2014/1 ST/SGB/2014/1] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2014/2 ST/SGB/2014/2](1 January 2014)
* ST/SGB/2013/3 (1 January 2013) and Amend. 1 (12 August 2013)
* ST/SGB/2012/1 (1 January 2012)
* ST/SGB/2011/1 (1 January 2011)
* ST/SGB/2010/6 (2 September 2010)
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2009/7 ST/SGB/2009/7] (21 October 2009)

Prior to 1 July 2009, separate rules governed staff with contracts issued under the separate 100, 200 and 300 series of the Staff Rules, which were unified under resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/250 63/250] of 24 December 2008.&lt;ref&gt;See [https://undocs.org/A/59/291 A/59/291] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/732 A/61.732] Staffing of field missions, including the use of 300 and 100-series appointments&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/1 ST/SGB/2000/1] Staff Rules—100 series&lt;ref&gt;For Article IV (appointment and promotion), see [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/1999/5 ST/SGB/1999/5]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/2 ST/SGB/2000/2] Staff Rules—200 series applicable to technical assistance project personnel
* [https://undocs.org/st/sgb/2000/3 ST/SGB/2000/3] Staff Rules—300 series governing appointments for service of a limited duration

== See also ==
* [[Regulations and rules]]
* [[Regulations Governing Officials other than Secretariat Officials]]

== References ==

[[Category:Legal]] [[Category: Personnel]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Support to African peace support operations</title>
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    <text bytes="11275" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS)''' || '''Somalia''' || '''2007''' || '''Ongoing''' || AMISOM replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM) and was originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation; was reconfigured into ATMIS in March 2022 with the adoption of [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2628(2022) SCR 2628 (2022)]
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2007 || 2020 || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100 (2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149 (2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S) || Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger || 2017 || 2023 ||
|}

== Financing of African Union-led peace support operations ==

On 21 December 2023, the Security Council adopted [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2719(2023) resolution 2719 (2023)] in which it 

&lt;blockquote&gt;Agrees to consider on a case-by-case basis…requests from the African Union Peace and Security Council seeking authorisation from the United Nations Security Council for African Union-led peace support operations under chapters VII and VIII of the Charter to have access to United Nations assessed contributions&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt; Determines that African Union-led peace support operations that are authorized by the Security Council will have access to funding from the United Nations assessed contributions not exceeding 75 percent of their annual budgets, with the remaining amount to be jointly mobilized by the African Union and United Nations from the international community as extra-budgetary resources and commits to consider all viable options in the event of significant shortfalls in resource mobilization&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date (MM/DD/YY) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 S/PRST/2006/55] || 12/19/2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 04/16/2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 01/16/2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 S/PRST/2009/3] || 03/18/2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 02/22/2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27] || 12/16/2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 11/09/2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 11/18/2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 09/20/2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 12/08/2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2719(2023) resolution 2719 (2023)] || 12/21/2023 || Authorized use of UN assessed contributions to pay up to 75% of costs on a case-by-case basis
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020] Letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council on the independent assessment  of  United Nations-African Union cooperation and the structure and capacity of the [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303] Implementation of resolutions 2320 (2016) and 2378 (2017) and considerations related to the financing of African Union peace support operations mandated by the Security Council

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2023/865 S/2023/865] Letter dated 10 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (on termination of support mandate with the closure of MINUSMA)

=== Lessons learned ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Lessons-learned on the transitions from AU peace operations to UN peacekeeping operations in Mali and in the Central African Republic
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1099 S/2021/1099] Summary report on lessons learned from the experience of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11526" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS)''' || '''Somalia''' || '''2007''' || '''Ongoing''' || AMISOM replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM) and was originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation; was reconfigured into ATMIS in March 2022 with the adoption of [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2628(2022) SCR 2628 (2022)]
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2007 || 2020 || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100 (2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149 (2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S) || Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger || 2017 || 2023 ||
|}

== Financing of African Union-led peace support operations ==

On 21 December 2023, the Security Council adopted [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2719(2023) resolution 2719 (2023)] in which it 

&lt;blockquote&gt;Agrees to consider on a case-by-case basis…requests from the African Union Peace and Security Council seeking authorisation from the United Nations Security Council for African Union-led peace support operations under chapters VII and VIII of the Charter to have access to United Nations assessed contributions&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt; Determines that African Union-led peace support operations that are authorized by the Security Council will have access to funding from the United Nations assessed contributions not exceeding 75 percent of their annual budgets, with the remaining amount to be jointly mobilized by the African Union and United Nations from the international community as extra-budgetary resources and commits to consider all viable options in the event of significant shortfalls in resource mobilization&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date !! Notes
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 presidential statement 2006/55] || 12 December 2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 16 April 2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 16 January 2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 presidential statement 2009/3] || 18 March 2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 22 February 2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 presidential statement 2014/27] || 16 December 2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 9 November 2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 18 November 2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 20 September 2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 8 December 2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2719(2023) resolution 2719 (2023)] || 21 December 2023 || Authorized use of UN assessed contributions to pay up to 75% of costs on a case-by-case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2024/2 presidential statement 2024/2] || 23 May 2024 ||
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020] Letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council on the independent assessment  of  United Nations-African Union cooperation and the structure and capacity of the [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303] Implementation of resolutions 2320 (2016) and 2378 (2017) and considerations related to the financing of African Union peace support operations mandated by the Security Council

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2023/865 S/2023/865] Letter dated 10 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (on termination of support mandate with the closure of MINUSMA)

=== Lessons learned ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Lessons-learned on the transitions from AU peace operations to UN peacekeeping operations in Mali and in the Central African Republic
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1099 S/2021/1099] Summary report on lessons learned from the experience of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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    <text bytes="11741" xml:space="preserve">Since its establishment, many of the '''peace support operations''' (PSOs) established by the '''African Union''' have received support—whether financial, logistical or both—from the United Nations. The Security Council can authorize regional arrangements such as the African Union to take action to deal with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, though it has also—as in the case of AMISOM—authorized African Union PSOs to take action under Chapter VII. 

The [[United Nations Office to the African Union]] (UNOAU) in Addis Ababa is the primary liaison between the United Nations and the African Union on questions of peace and security. At Headquarters, the two main organizational units involved in support to PSOs are the African Union Partnership Team in the [[peace and security architecture|Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Africa]] (political and substantive issues) and the Support Partnerships Service within the [[Department of Operational Support]] (mission support issues). 

== African Union peace support operations ==
African Union PSOs are mandated by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), and responsibility for resource  mobilization, accountability, oversight and management rests with the African Union Commission. All African Union PSOs, past and present, are listed below. Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Peace support operation  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB)  || Burundi || 2003 || 2004 || Transitioned to ONUB with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1545(2004) SCR 1545(2004)]
|-
| African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2004 || 2007 || Transitioned to UNAMID with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/1769(2007) SCR 1769(2007)]
|-
| African Union Observer Mission in the Comoros (MIOC) || Comoros || 2004 || 2004 || 
|-
| African Union Mission for Support to the Elections in the Comoros (AMISEC) || Comoros || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| '''African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS)''' || '''Somalia''' || '''2007''' || '''Ongoing''' || AMISOM replaced proposed IGAD mission (IGASOM) and was originally envisaged to transition to a UN peacekeeping operation; was reconfigured into ATMIS in March 2022 with the adoption of [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2628(2022) SCR 2628 (2022)]
|-
| African Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission in the Comoros (MAES) || Comoros || 2007 || 2008 ||
|-
| African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) || Sudan (Darfur) || 2007 || 2020 || Hybrid mission administered by the UN
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) || Mali || 2012 || 2013 || Transitioned to MINUSMA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) SCR 2100 (2013)]
|-
| African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA) || Central African Republic || 2013 || 2014 || Transitioned to MINUSCA with adoption of [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) SCR 2149 (2014)]
|}

In addition, a number of missions have been authorized by the AUPSC but are not managed by the African Union Commission. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission  !! Countries || Established || Closed || Notes
|-
| Operation Democracy in the Comoros || Comoros || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| '''Regional Coordination Initiative for the Elimination of the Lord’s Resistance Army (RCI-LRA)''' || '''Central African Republic, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda''' || 2011 || '''Ongoing''' || Included the AU Regional Task Force (AU-RTF), which became defunct in 2017 following the end of U.S.-provided logistical support and the subsequent withdrawal of its main TCC (Uganda)
|-
| '''Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)''' || '''Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria''' || 2005 || '''Ongoing''' ||
|-
| G5 Sahel Joint Force (FC-G5S) || Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger || 2017 || 2023 ||
|}

== Financing of African Union-led peace support operations ==

On 21 December 2023, the Security Council adopted [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2719(2023) resolution 2719 (2023)] in which it 

&lt;blockquote&gt;Agrees to consider on a case-by-case basis…requests from the African Union Peace and Security Council seeking authorisation from the United Nations Security Council for African Union-led peace support operations under chapters VII and VIII of the Charter to have access to United Nations assessed contributions&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt; Determines that African Union-led peace support operations that are authorized by the Security Council will have access to funding from the United Nations assessed contributions not exceeding 75 percent of their annual budgets, with the remaining amount to be jointly mobilized by the African Union and United Nations from the international community as extra-budgetary resources and commits to consider all viable options in the event of significant shortfalls in resource mobilization&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant Security Council decisions ==
The Security Council has taken a number of decisions regarding United Nations support to African Union PSOs, including the following:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decision !! Date !! Notes
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2006/55 presidential statement 2006/55] || 12 December 2006 || Call for deployment of LSP, HSP and hybrid operation in Darfur
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1809(2008) resolution 1809 (2008)] || 16 April 2008 || Welcomed SG proposal to establish a high-level UN-AU panel to consider modalities of support to AU peacekeeping
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) resolution 1863 (2009)] || 16 January 2009 || Established the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA)
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/prst/2009/3 presidential statement 2009/3] || 18 March 2009 || Requested practical ways to provide effective support to the African Union; led to issuance of S/2009/470
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2036(2012) resolution 2036 (2012)] || 22 February 2012 || Expanded UNSOA support to include reimbursement for major equipment to AMISOM TCCs
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 presidential statement 2014/27] || 16 December 2014 || Requested annual report on ways to strengthen the partnership between the UN and AU
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2245(2015) resolution 2245 (2015)] || 9 November 2015 || Replaced UNSOA with UNSOS; expanded support to include self-sustainment reimbursement 
|- 
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2320(2016) resolution 2320 (2016)] || 18 November 2016 || Expressed readiness to consider proposals for future authorization and support to African Union PSOs; led to issuance of S/2017/454
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2378(2017) resolution 2378 (2017)] || 20 September 2017 || Expressed intention to give further consideration to practical steps to partly finance AU PSOs through UN assessed contributions on a case by case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2391(2017) resolution 2391 (2017)] || 8 December 2017 || Authorized provision of logistical support to G5 Sahel through MINUSMA
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2719(2023) resolution 2719 (2023)] || 21 December 2023 || Authorized use of UN assessed contributions to pay up to 75% of costs on a case-by-case basis
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2024/2 presidential statement 2024/2] || 23 May 2024 ||
|}

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/S/2008/186 S/2008/186] Report of the Secretary-General on the relationship between the UN and regional organizations, in particular the AU, in the maintenance of international peace and security
* [https://undocs.org/a/63/666 A/63/666–S/2008/813] Report of the AU-UN panel on modalities for support to AU peacekeeping operations (Prodi Report)        
* [https://undocs.org/a/64/359 A/64/359–S/2009/470] Support to AU peacekeeping operations authorized by the UN: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/a/71/410 A/71/410–S/2016/809] Report of the joint AU-UN review of available mechanisms to finance and support AU peace support operations authorized by the UN Security Council 
* [https://undocs.org/s/2017/454 S/2017/454] Options for authorization and support for AU peace support operations: Report of the Secretary-General
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/1020 S/2020/1020] Letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council on the independent assessment  of  United Nations-African Union cooperation and the structure and capacity of the [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303] Implementation of resolutions 2320 (2016) and 2378 (2017) and considerations related to the financing of African Union peace support operations mandated by the Security Council

For the list of annual reports on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of the United Nations Office to the African Union, please see the article on [[United Nations Office to the African Union|UNOAU]].

=== Options for support to specific PSOs ===
Reports in which the Secretary-General proposed options to support specific African Union PSOs are provided below and should be read in conjunction with the above Security Council decisions.

* '''AMISOM'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2008/804 S/2008/804]  ''Somalia: next steps for the military/peacekeeping track'' (see paragraphs 7 and 8)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2009/60 S/2009/60] ''Details of support to be provided to the African Union Mission in Somalia''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2011/591 S/2011/591] Letter dated 21 September 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council
** [https://undocs.org/S/2012/74 S/2012/74] ''Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia'' (see section V on support implications; proposed reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment]])
** [https://undocs.org/S/2015/762 S/2015/762] Letter dated 7 October 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (paragraph 38 proposes reimbursement for [[contingent-owned equipment#Self-sustainment|self-sustainment]])

* '''G5 Sahel Joint Force'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2017/869 S/2017/869] ''Report on the G5 Sahel Joint Force'' (see section V on options for United Nations support)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2020/476 S/2020/476] ''Situation in Mali'' (see section IV on the implementation of paragraph 13 of resolution 2391)
** [https://undocs.org/S/2023/865 S/2023/865] Letter dated 10 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (on termination of support mandate with the closure of MINUSMA)

* '''SADC Mission in the DRC'''
** [https://undocs.org/S/2024/519 S/2024/519] ''Letter dated 28 June 2024 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council'' (on options for UN support)

=== Lessons learned ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/2015/3 S/2015/3] Lessons-learned on the transitions from AU peace operations to UN peacekeeping operations in Mali and in the Central African Republic
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/1099 S/2021/1099] Summary report on lessons learned from the experience of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[United Nations Office to the African Union]]

[[Category: Organization]] [[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Mission support]] [[Category: Doctrine]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
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    <text bytes="20135" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== General Assembly resolutions ==
The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on several occasions in response to challenges experienced with the financing situation of the United Nations, titled either '''Improving the financial situation of the Organization''' or '''Current financial crisis and financial emergency of the United Nations'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! General Assembly resolution !! Date !! ACABQ report !! SG report !! notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/272 76/272] || 29 June 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/7/ADD.29 A/76/7/Add.29] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/429 A/76/429] || Proposed further measures to deal with continuing liquidity challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/307 73/307] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/891 A/73/891] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] || Proposed measures under the programme and peacekeeping budgets to address worsening liquidity challenges in the Secretariat
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/220 48/220] || 23 December 1993 || || [https://undocs.org/A/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/A/48/503/Add.1 Add.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/48/565 A/48/565] and [https://undocs.org/A/48/565/Corr.1 Corr.1] || Consideration of the report of the Independent Advisory Group on United Nations Financing
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/215 47/215] || 23 December 1992 || [https://undocs.org/A/46/765 A/46/765] and [https://undocs.org/A/47/565 A/47/565] || [https://undocs.org/A/46/600 A/46/600], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.1 Add.1], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.2 Add.2], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.3 Add.3], and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/47/13 A/C.5/47.13] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/236 45/236 A and B] || 21 December 1990 || [https://undocs.org/A/45/860 A/45/860] || [https://undocs.org/A/45/830 A/45/830] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/45/17 A/C.5/45/17] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/195 44/195 A and B] || 21 December 1989 || [https://undocs.org/A/44/873 A/44/873] || [https://undocs.org/A/44/857 A/44/857] and [https://undocs.org/A/44/857/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/215 43/215] || 21 December 1988 || || [https://undocs.org/A/43/932 A/43/932] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/212 42/212] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/A/42/861 A/42/861] || [https://undocs.org/A/42/841 A/42/841] ||
|}

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/78/524/Add.1 A/78/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 10 May 2024 [https://estatements.unmeetings.org/estatements/11.0050/20240510150000000/6dPT39H2kHhh/yT46f83MM6dg_en.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/78/524 A/78/524] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 9 October 2023 [https://estatements.unmeetings.org/estatements/11.0050/20231009100000000/LtH1mQEfTYoc/AG0Moye2JGq9_en.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530/Add.1 A/77/530/Add.1] || Briefing by the ASG Controller, 4 May 2023 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_2r_ST_2023_05_04_140_Financial_situation_ASG_Controller.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530 A/77/530] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 13 October 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_0m_ST_2022_10_13_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC_.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435/ADD.1 A/76/435/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 5 May 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_Fin_Sit/C5_76_2r_ST_2022_05_05_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435 A/76/435] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 19 October 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_UN_Fin_situation/C5_76_0m_ST_2021_10_19_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387/Add.1 A/75/387/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_2r_ST_2021_05_07_Item_143_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387 A/75/387] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 8 October 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_0m_ST_2020_10_08_Item_143_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the imposition of a 25% cap by Congress in 1994 on U.S. contributions to peacekeeping operations&lt;ref&gt;Section 404 of P.L. 103-236&lt;/ref&gt;  contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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    <text bytes="6302" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including [[peacekeeping financing]] and cross-cutting policy issues, the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and institutional reform. 

Over the course of his career, Eugene spearheaded several major reforms and policy initiatives at the UN, including the establishment of the current [[personnel reimbursement]] framework in peace operations (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/261 resolution 67/261]), the 2019 management reforms ([https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend. 1], and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]), liquidity measures to improve the [[financial situation of the United Nations|financial situation of peacekeeping operations]] (reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]), providing the [[Peacebuilding Fund]] with access to assessed contributions ([https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732]), and enhancing the support and funding to [[African Union]]-led peace support operations ([https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303]). Eugene also played an important role in the design and implementation of other policy initiatives, such as the follow-up to the 2015 High-level Panel on Peace Operations ([https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682]) and the 2019 restructuring of the peace and security architecture ([https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525]). 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and senior fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security. He holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Chapters in edited volumes ===
* Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032707648-10 

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2024 ====
* Chen, Eugene. "Gaza: Assessing Options for the UN's Role for the Day After". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 23 May 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/gaza-assessing-options-for-the-uns-role-for-the-day-after/

* Chen, Eugene. “Sorry, Ambassador Bolton. U.S. membership in the UN is burden-sharing at its best”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 11 March 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/sorry-ambassador-bolton-us-membership-at-the-un-is-burden-sharing-at-its-best/

* Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023)”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

* Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect”. IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/

==== 2023 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked”. IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

* Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

* Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan”. Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

* Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT". Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

* Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity”. Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts”. Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979</text>
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    <text bytes="7111" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including [[peacekeeping financing]] and cross-cutting policy issues, the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and institutional reform. 

Over the course of his career, Eugene spearheaded several major reforms and policy initiatives at the UN, including the establishment of the current [[personnel reimbursement]] framework in peace operations (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/261 resolution 67/261]), the 2019 management reforms ([https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend. 1], and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]), liquidity measures to improve the [[financial situation of the United Nations|financial situation of peacekeeping operations]] (reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]), providing the [[Peacebuilding Fund]] with access to assessed contributions ([https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732]), and enhancing the support and funding to [[African Union]]-led peace support operations ([https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303]). Eugene also played an important role in the design and implementation of other policy initiatives, such as the follow-up to the 2015 High-level Panel on Peace Operations ([https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682]) and the 2019 restructuring of the peace and security architecture ([https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525]). 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and senior fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security. He holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Chapters in edited volumes ===
* Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032707648-10 

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2024 ====
* Chen, Eugene. "A New Vision for Peace Operations (Or how I learned to stop worrying and love Christmas tree mandates)". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 3 October 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-vision-for-peace-operations/

* Chen, Eugene. "Easier Said than Done: Overcoming Coherence Challenges Within the United Nations System". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 September 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/overcoming-coherence-challenges-within-the-un/

* Chen, Eugene. "The Liquidity Crisis at the United Nations: How We Got Here and Possible Ways Out". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 19 August 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/the-liquidity-crisis-at-the-united-nations-how-we-got-here-and-possible-ways-out/

* Chen, Eugene. "Gaza: Assessing Options for the UN's Role for the Day After". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 23 May 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/gaza-assessing-options-for-the-uns-role-for-the-day-after/

* Chen, Eugene. “Sorry, Ambassador Bolton. U.S. membership in the UN is burden-sharing at its best”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 11 March 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/sorry-ambassador-bolton-us-membership-at-the-un-is-burden-sharing-at-its-best/

* Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023)”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

* Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect”. IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/

==== 2023 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked”. IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

* Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

* Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan”. Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

* Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT". Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

* Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity”. Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts”. Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Resident coordinator system</title>
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    <text bytes="4439" xml:space="preserve">The '''Development Coordination Office (DCO)''', led by an Assistant Secretary-General, was established within the United Nations Secretariat to manage and oversee the '''resident coordinator system'''. Many of its functions were inherited from the former Development Operations Coordination Office of the United Nations Development Programme. 

In addition to its presence at Headquarters in New York, DCO also includes five regional offices which provide day-to-day programmatic support, policy guidance and technical support for [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]].

== Structure ==
The resident coordinator system consists of global, regional and country-level coordination structures.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/73/424 A/73/424]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* '''Global coordination'''
** Office of the Assistant Secretary-General
** RC System Business Management Branch
** RC System Leadership Branch
** Policy and Programming Branch
** Country Business Strategies Section
** Communications and Results Reporting Section

* '''Regional coordination''' 
** Regional Office Africa
** Regional Office Arab States
** Regional Office Europe and Central Asia
** Regional Office Asia and Pacific
** Regional Office Latin America and Caribbean

* '''Country coordination'''
** Individual [[United Nations country team|United Nations country teams]]

== Financing ==

The General Assembly, in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/279 resolution 72/279], approved the funding of the resident coordinator system on an annual basis through:

# A 1 per cent coordination levy on tightly earmarked third-party non-core contributions to United Nations development-related activities, to be paid at source;
# Doubling the current United Nations Sustainable Development Group cost-sharing arrangement among United Nations development system entities; and
# Voluntary, predictable, multi-year contributions to a dedicated trust fund to support the inception period.

The '''special purpose trust fund (SPTF)''' receives, consolidates, manages and accounts for all contributions and financial transactions of the resident coordinator system in a transparent and effective way. In 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included DCO on the Development Assistance Committee list of [[official development assistance]] (ODA)-eligible organizations as fully ODA-eligible.&lt;ref&gt;DCD/DAC/STAT(2019)17&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Proposed revised funding model===
As a result of chronic funding shortfalls, the Secretary-General submitted a proposal ([https://undocs.org/A/78/753 A/78/753]) in 2024 to shift the component funded through voluntary contributions to the SPTF to assessed contributions under a new dedicated section of the programme budget. 

== Documents ==
'''ECOSOC reports'''

An annual report on the work and functioning of the Development Coordination Office is submitted by the Chair of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (the Deputy Secretary-General) to ECOSOC. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report !! Associated resolution(s) !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2024/5 E/2024/5] ||  ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2023/62 E/2023/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2023/31 resolution 2023/31] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2022/54 E/2022/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2022/25 resolution 2022/25] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2021/55 E/2021/55] ||  || 3rd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/E/2020/54 E/2020/54] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2020/23 resolution 2020/23] || 2nd report on the Development Coordination Office
|-
| [https://undocs.org/e/2019/62 E/2019/62] || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/RES/2019/15 resolution 2019/15] || 1st report on the Development Coordination Office and the resident coordinator system
|}

'''Other documents'''
* [https://undocs.org/E/AC.51/2023/2 E/AC.51/2023/2] OIOS Evaluation of the Development Coordination Office regional support

'''General Assembly reports'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SG report !! ACABQ report !! General Assembly resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/78/753 A/78/753] || [https://undocs.org/A/78/7/Add.46 A/78/7/Add.46] ||   || Proposal to shift the SPTF-funded component of the RC system to the programme budget
|}

== See also ==
* [[Development system reform]]
* [https://soc.un.org/SPTF/ Special Purpose Trust Fund]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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  <title>Article 19</title>
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    <text bytes="11953" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/2 78/2] of 5 Oct 2023   || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/78/336 A/78/336] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707 A/78/707] || '''Afghanistan''', Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1&lt;/ref&gt;, Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.3 A/78/707/Add.3&lt;/ref&gt;, Ecuador&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.4 A/78/707/Add.4&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1&lt;/ref&gt;, Liberia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.2 A/78/707/Add.2&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/2 77/2] of 7 Oct 2022 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/77/334 A/77/334] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702 A/77/702] || Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.1 A/77/702/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Equatorial Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.2 A/77/702/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.4 A/77/702/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, , Somalia, South Sudan &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/2 76/2] of 11 Oct 2021|| Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636 A/76/636] || Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.1 A/76/636/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.3 A/76/636/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.5 A/76/636/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.6 A/76/636/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.2 A/76/636/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vanuatu&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/ADD.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  São Tomé and Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="12135" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
|  || || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/338 A/79/338] || Afghanistan, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Venezuela 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/2 78/2] of 5 Oct 2023   || Comoros&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/78/707/Add.5 A/78/707/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/78/336 A/78/336] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707 A/78/707] || '''Afghanistan''', Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.3 A/78/707/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Ecuador&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.4 A/78/707/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Liberia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.2 A/78/707/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/2 77/2] of 7 Oct 2022 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/77/334 A/77/334] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702 A/77/702] || Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.1 A/77/702/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Equatorial Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.2 A/77/702/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.4 A/77/702/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, , Somalia, South Sudan &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/2 76/2] of 11 Oct 2021|| Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636 A/76/636] || Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.1 A/76/636/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.3 A/76/636/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.5 A/76/636/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.6 A/76/636/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.2 A/76/636/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vanuatu&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/ADD.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  São Tomé and Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>de6bbe4bdca99ff6a437f2a635b0c2e78d159312</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>1039</id>
    <parentid>1035</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-10-22T19:31:47Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="12236" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/79/3 79/3] of 9 October 2024 || Sao Tome and Principe and Somalia || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/338 A/79/338] || '''Afghanistan''', Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, '''Venezuela''' 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/2 78/2] of 5 Oct 2023 || Comoros&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/78/707/Add.5 A/78/707/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/78/336 A/78/336] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707 A/78/707] || '''Afghanistan''', Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.3 A/78/707/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Ecuador&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.4 A/78/707/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Liberia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.2 A/78/707/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/2 77/2] of 7 Oct 2022 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/77/334 A/77/334] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702 A/77/702] || Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.1 A/77/702/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Equatorial Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.2 A/77/702/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.4 A/77/702/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, , Somalia, South Sudan &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/2 76/2] of 11 Oct 2021|| Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636 A/76/636] || Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.1 A/76/636/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.3 A/76/636/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.5 A/76/636/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.6 A/76/636/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.2 A/76/636/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vanuatu&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/ADD.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  São Tomé and Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Application of Article 19 */</comment>
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    <text bytes="12408" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/79/3 79/3] of 9 October 2024 || Sao Tome and Principe and Somalia || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/338 A/79/338] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/79/720 A/79/720] || '''Afghanistan''', '''Antigua and Barbuda''', '''Bolivia''', '''Cabo Verde''', '''Congo''', '''Ecuador''', '''Granada''', '''Guinea Bissau''', Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, '''Venezuela''' 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/2 78/2] of 5 Oct 2023 || Comoros&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/78/707/Add.5 A/78/707/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/78/336 A/78/336] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707 A/78/707] || '''Afghanistan''', Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.3 A/78/707/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Ecuador&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.4 A/78/707/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Liberia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.2 A/78/707/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/2 77/2] of 7 Oct 2022 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/77/334 A/77/334] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702 A/77/702] || Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.1 A/77/702/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Equatorial Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.2 A/77/702/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.4 A/77/702/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, , Somalia, South Sudan &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/2 76/2] of 11 Oct 2021|| Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636 A/76/636] || Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.1 A/76/636/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.3 A/76/636/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.5 A/76/636/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.6 A/76/636/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.2 A/76/636/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vanuatu&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/ADD.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  São Tomé and Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Senior leadership appointments</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "Under the United Nations Charter (articles 97 and 101), the Secretary-General has the authority to appoint staff, including in senior leadership positions.   == General guidance ==  In its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/232 resolution 46/232], the General Assembly specified that, "as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of Sta..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="3850" xml:space="preserve">Under the United Nations Charter (articles 97 and 101), the Secretary-General has the authority to appoint staff, including in senior leadership positions. 

== General guidance ==

In its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/232 resolution 46/232], the General Assembly specified that, "as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States"

== Additional considerations ==

Several senior leadership positions within the United Nations were established by the General Assembly with specific provisions related to term in office or selection process. This is a non-exhaustive list of these positions.  

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Position !! Entity type !! Rank !! Term !! Mandate !! Year !! Process !! Notes
|-
| Commissioner-General, UNRWA || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/302(IV) resolution 302 (IV)], paragraph 9 || 1949 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the Governments represented on the Advisory Commission || Position was renamed from "Director" in 1962
|- 
| High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) || Funds and programmes || USG || 5 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/428(V) resolution 428 (v)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/727(VIII) resolution 727 (VIII)] || 1950 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Secretary-General, UNCTAD || Secretariat entity || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1995(XIX) resolution 1995 (XIX)] || 1965 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmed by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Director-General, UNEP || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)] || 1972 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General || 
|-
| High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141], paragraph 2 || 1993 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218 B], paragraph 5(b) || 1994 || Appointment by Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Executive Director, UN Habitat || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/206 resolution 56/206], Section I.A, paragraph 2 || 2002 || Election by General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security (DSS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/276 resolution 59/276], section XI, paragraph 22 || 2004 || || SG requested exceptional two-year extension of term for Gilles Michaud&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/785 A/78/785]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Peacebuilding Support (PBSO) || Secretariat entity || ASG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/236 resolution 62/236] || 2007 || ||
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Ombudsman (UNOMS) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 terms with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/228 resolution 62/228]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/65/251 resolution 65/251] || 2010 || ||
|-
| Executive Director, UN-Women || Funds and programs || USG || || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/289 resolution 64/289] || 2010 || ||
|}

== See also ==

* [[United Nations system]]
* Joint Inspection Unit report 

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="7932" xml:space="preserve">Under the United Nations Charter (articles 97 and 101), the Secretary-General has the authority to appoint staff, including in senior leadership positions. 

== General guidance ==

[[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff regulation]] 4.5 (a) states that 
&lt;blockquote&gt;Appointment of Under-Secretaries-General and of Assistant Secretaries-General shall normally be for a period of up to five years, subject to prolongation or renewal.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/232 resolution 46/232], the General Assembly specified that,
&lt;blockquote&gt;as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Additional considerations ==

Several senior leadership positions within the United Nations were established by the General Assembly with specific provisions related to term in office or selection process. This is a non-exhaustive list of these positions.  

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Position !! Entity type !! Rank !! Term !! Mandate !! Year !! Process !! Notes
|-
| Executive Secretary, UNICEF || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57(I) resolution 57 (I), paragraph 3] || 1946 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the UNICEF Executive Board || 
|-
| Commissioner-General, UNRWA || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/302(IV) resolution 302 (IV)], paragraph 9 || 1949 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the Governments represented on the Advisory Commission || Position was renamed from "Director" in 1962
|- 
| High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) || Funds and programmes&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt; || USG || 5 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/428(V) resolution 428 (V)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/727(VIII) resolution 727 (VIII)] || 1950 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Administrator, UNDP || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years, renewable || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1240(XIII) 1240 (XIII)], Part B, paragraph 22 || 1958 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Executive Director, WFP || Funds and programmes || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1714(XVI) resolution 1714 (XVI) || 1961 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and the Director-General of FAO following consultation with the Executive Board&lt;ref&gt;WFP General Regulations, Article VII&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| Secretary-General, UNCTAD || Secretariat entity || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1995(XIX) resolution 1995 (XIX)] || 1965 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Director-General, UNFPA || Funds and programmes || USG || || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2211(XXI) resolution 2211 (XXI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2815(XXVI) resolution 2815 (XXVI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3019(XXVII) resolution 3019 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/219 resolution 64/219] || 1966 || Appointment by the Secretary-General in consultation with the UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board || Originally appointed by the Administrator, UNDP
|-
| Rector, UNU || Related entity || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2951(XXVII) resolution 2951 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3081(XXVIII) resolution 3081 (XXVIII)] || 1972 || Appointment by the Secretary-General, with the concurrence of the Director-General of UNESCO, of a candidate from a panel recommended by a Nominating Committee ||
|-
| Director-General, UNEP || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)] || 1972 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General || 
|-
| High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141], paragraph 2 || 1993 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218 B], paragraph 5(b) || 1994 || Appointment by Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Executive Director, UNAIDS || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/1994/94(SUPP) resolution 1994/24] || 1994 || Appointment by the Secretary-General upon the recommendation of the co-sponsors (ILO, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, WFP, WHO and the World Bank) ||
|-
| Executive Secretary, UNFCCC || Related organization || USG || 3 years, renewable || FCCC Conference of the Parties [https://undocs.org/FCCC/CP/1995/7/Add.1 decision 14/CP.1] || 1995 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultation with the Conference of the Parties ||
|- 
| Deputy Secretary-General || Secretariat entity || DSG&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/51/950/Add.1 A/51/950/Add.1], paragraph 6&lt;/ref&gt; || Not to exceed term of the SG || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/12B resolution 52/12 B] || 1997 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States || 
|-
| Executive Director, UN Habitat || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/206 resolution 56/206], Section I.A, paragraph 2 || 2002 || Election by General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security (DSS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/276 resolution 59/276], section XI, paragraph 22 || 2004 || || SG requested exceptional two-year extension of term for Gilles Michaud&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/785 A/78/785]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Peacebuilding Support (PBSO) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/236 resolution 62/236], para 69-70 || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States ||
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Ombudsman (UNOMS) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 terms with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/228 resolution 62/228]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/65/251 resolution 65/251] || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General from a list of candidates compiled and recommended by selection committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7]&lt;/ref&gt; || Upon completion of his or her term of office, the United Nations Ombudsman shall not be eligible for other employment within the Secretariat &lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Executive Director, UN-Women || Funds and programs || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/289 resolution 64/289], para 69 || 2010 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States ||
|}

== See also ==

* [[United Nations system]]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Selection and conditions of service of Executive Heads in the United Nations system organizations". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2009/9 JIU/REP/2009/8]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Transparency in the selection and appointment of senior managers in the United Nations Secretariat". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2011/2 JIU/REP/2011/2]

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>c100f26589d80f0609cc2a775819a59ad8052f9c</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <text bytes="7940" xml:space="preserve">Under the United Nations Charter (articles 97 and 101), the Secretary-General has the authority to appoint staff, including in senior leadership positions. 

== General guidance ==

[[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff regulation]] 4.5 (a) states that 
&lt;blockquote&gt;Appointment of Under-Secretaries-General and of Assistant Secretaries-General shall normally be for a period of up to five years, subject to prolongation or renewal.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/232 resolution 46/232], the General Assembly specified that,
&lt;blockquote&gt;as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Additional considerations ==

Several senior leadership positions within the United Nations were established by the General Assembly with specific provisions related to term in office or selection process. This is a non-exhaustive list of these positions.  

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Position !! Entity type !! Rank !! Term !! Mandate !! Year !! Process !! Notes
|-
| Executive Secretary, UNICEF || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57(I) resolution 57 (I), paragraph 3] || 1946 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the UNICEF Executive Board || 
|-
| Commissioner-General, UNRWA || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/302(IV) resolution 302 (IV)], paragraph 9 || 1949 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the Governments represented on the Advisory Commission || Position was renamed from "Director" in 1962
|- 
| High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) || Funds and programmes&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt; || USG || 5 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/428(V) resolution 428 (V)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/727(VIII) resolution 727 (VIII)] || 1950 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Administrator, UNDP || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years, renewable || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1240(XIII) 1240 (XIII)], Part B, paragraph 22 || 1958 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Executive Director, WFP || Funds and programmes || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1714(XVI) resolution 1714 (XVI) || 1961 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and the Director-General of FAO following consultation with the Executive Board&lt;ref&gt;WFP General Regulations, Article VII&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| Secretary-General, UNCTAD || Secretariat entity || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1995(XIX) resolution 1995 (XIX)] || 1965 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Director-General, UNFPA || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2211(XXI) resolution 2211 (XXI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2815(XXVI) resolution 2815 (XXVI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3019(XXVII) resolution 3019 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/219 resolution 64/219] || 1966 || Appointment by the Secretary-General in consultation with the UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board || Originally appointed by the Administrator, UNDP
|-
| Rector, UNU || Related entity || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2951(XXVII) resolution 2951 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3081(XXVIII) resolution 3081 (XXVIII)] || 1972 || Appointment by the Secretary-General, with the concurrence of the Director-General of UNESCO, of a candidate from a panel recommended by a Nominating Committee ||
|-
| Director-General, UNEP || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)] || 1972 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General || 
|-
| High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141], paragraph 2 || 1993 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218 B], paragraph 5(b) || 1994 || Appointment by Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Executive Director, UNAIDS || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/1994/94(SUPP) resolution 1994/24] || 1994 || Appointment by the Secretary-General upon the recommendation of the co-sponsors (ILO, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, WFP, WHO and the World Bank) ||
|-
| Executive Secretary, UNFCCC || Related organization || USG || 3 years, renewable || FCCC Conference of the Parties [https://undocs.org/FCCC/CP/1995/7/Add.1 decision 14/CP.1] || 1995 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultation with the Conference of the Parties ||
|- 
| Deputy Secretary-General || Secretariat entity || DSG&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/51/950/Add.1 A/51/950/Add.1], paragraph 6&lt;/ref&gt; || Not to exceed term of the SG || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/12B resolution 52/12 B] || 1997 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States || 
|-
| Executive Director, UN Habitat || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/206 resolution 56/206], Section I.A, paragraph 2 || 2002 || Election by General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security (DSS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/276 resolution 59/276], section XI, paragraph 22 || 2004 || || SG requested exceptional two-year extension of term for Gilles Michaud&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/785 A/78/785]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Peacebuilding Support (PBSO) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/236 resolution 62/236], para 69-70 || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States ||
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Ombudsman (UNOMS) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 terms with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/228 resolution 62/228]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/65/251 resolution 65/251] || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General from a list of candidates compiled and recommended by selection committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7]&lt;/ref&gt; || Upon completion of his or her term of office, the United Nations Ombudsman shall not be eligible for other employment within the Secretariat &lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Executive Director, UN-Women || Funds and programs || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/289 resolution 64/289], para 69 || 2010 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States ||
|}

== See also ==

* [[United Nations system]]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Selection and conditions of service of Executive Heads in the United Nations system organizations". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2009/9 JIU/REP/2009/8]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Transparency in the selection and appointment of senior managers in the United Nations Secretariat". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2011/2 JIU/REP/2011/2]

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>9fb30aa3d9daf849c76e68ee133b92bf73490938</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <text bytes="8124" xml:space="preserve">Under the United Nations Charter (articles 97 and 101), the Secretary-General has the authority to appoint staff, including in senior leadership positions. 

== General guidance ==

[[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff regulation]] 4.5 (a) states that 
&lt;blockquote&gt;Appointment of Under-Secretaries-General and of Assistant Secretaries-General shall normally be for a period of up to five years, subject to prolongation or renewal.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/232 resolution 46/232], the General Assembly specified that,
&lt;blockquote&gt;as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Additional considerations ==

Several senior leadership positions within the United Nations were established by the General Assembly with specific provisions related to term in office or selection process. This is a non-exhaustive list of these positions.  

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Position !! Entity type !! Rank !! Term !! Mandate !! Year !! Process !! Notes
|-
| Executive Director, UNICEF || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57(I) resolution 57 (I), paragraph 3] || 1946 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the UNICEF Executive Board || Position has been held by an American since establishment of UNICEF
|-
| Commissioner-General, UNRWA || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/302(IV) resolution 302 (IV)], paragraph 9 || 1949 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the Governments represented on the Advisory Commission || Position was renamed from "Director" in 1962
|- 
| High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) || Funds and programmes&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt; || USG || 5 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/428(V) resolution 428 (V)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/727(VIII) resolution 727 (VIII)] || 1950 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Administrator, UNDP || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years, renewable || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1240(XIII) 1240 (XIII)], Part B, paragraph 22 || 1958 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Executive Director, WFP || Funds and programmes || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1714(XVI) resolution 1714 (XVI) || 1961 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and the Director-General of FAO following consultation with the Executive Board&lt;ref&gt;WFP General Regulations, Article VII&lt;/ref&gt; || Position has been held by an American since 1992
|-
| Secretary-General, UNCTAD || Secretariat entity || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1995(XIX) resolution 1995 (XIX)] || 1965 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Director-General, UNFPA || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2211(XXI) resolution 2211 (XXI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2815(XXVI) resolution 2815 (XXVI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3019(XXVII) resolution 3019 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/219 resolution 64/219] || 1966 || Appointment by the Secretary-General in consultation with the UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board || Originally appointed by the Administrator, UNDP
|-
| Rector, UNU || Related entity || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2951(XXVII) resolution 2951 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3081(XXVIII) resolution 3081 (XXVIII)] || 1972 || Appointment by the Secretary-General, with the concurrence of the Director-General of UNESCO, of a candidate from a panel recommended by a Nominating Committee ||
|-
| Director-General, UNEP || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)] || 1972 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General || 
|-
| High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141], paragraph 2 || 1993 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218 B], paragraph 5(b) || 1994 || Appointment by Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Executive Director, UNAIDS || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/1994/94(SUPP) resolution 1994/24] || 1994 || Appointment by the Secretary-General upon the recommendation of the co-sponsors (ILO, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, WFP, WHO and the World Bank) ||
|-
| Executive Secretary, UNFCCC || Related organization || USG || 3 years, renewable || FCCC Conference of the Parties [https://undocs.org/FCCC/CP/1995/7/Add.1 decision 14/CP.1] || 1995 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultation with the Conference of the Parties ||
|- 
| Deputy Secretary-General || Secretariat entity || DSG&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/51/950/Add.1 A/51/950/Add.1], paragraph 6&lt;/ref&gt; || Not to exceed term of the SG || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/12B resolution 52/12 B] || 1997 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States || 
|-
| Executive Director, UN Habitat || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/206 resolution 56/206], Section I.A, paragraph 2 || 2002 || Election by General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security (DSS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/276 resolution 59/276], section XI, paragraph 22 || 2004 || || SG requested exceptional two-year extension of term for Gilles Michaud&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/785 A/78/785]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Peacebuilding Support (PBSO) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/236 resolution 62/236], para 69-70 || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States ||
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Ombudsman (UNOMS) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 terms with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/228 resolution 62/228]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/65/251 resolution 65/251] || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General from a list of candidates compiled and recommended by selection committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7]&lt;/ref&gt; || Upon completion of his or her term of office, the United Nations Ombudsman shall not be eligible for other employment within the Secretariat &lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Position has been held by an American since its creation
|-
| Executive Director, UN-Women || Funds and programs || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/289 resolution 64/289], para 69 || 2010 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States ||
|}

== See also ==

* [[United Nations system]]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Selection and conditions of service of Executive Heads in the United Nations system organizations". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2009/9 JIU/REP/2009/8]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Transparency in the selection and appointment of senior managers in the United Nations Secretariat". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2011/2 JIU/REP/2011/2]

== References ==</text>
    <sha1>8606fc23482d2ec4678a4354cb2ad8c9b6770f4a</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <text bytes="10007" xml:space="preserve">Under the United Nations Charter (articles 97 and 101), the Secretary-General has the authority to appoint staff, including in senior leadership positions. 

== General guidance ==

[[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff regulation]] 4.5 (a) states that 
&lt;blockquote&gt;Appointment of Under-Secretaries-General and of Assistant Secretaries-General shall normally be for a period of up to five years, subject to prolongation or renewal.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/232 resolution 46/232], the General Assembly specified that,
&lt;blockquote&gt;as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Additional considerations ==

Several senior leadership positions within the United Nations were established by the General Assembly with specific provisions related to term in office or selection process. This is a non-exhaustive list of these positions.  

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Position !! Entity type !! Rank !! Term !! Mandate !! Year !! Process !! Notes
|-
| Executive Director, UNICEF || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57(I) resolution 57 (I), paragraph 3] || 1946 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the UNICEF Executive Board || Position has been held by an American since establishment of UNICEF
|-
| Commissioner-General, UNRWA || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/302(IV) resolution 302 (IV)], paragraph 9 || 1949 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the Governments represented on the Advisory Commission || Position was renamed from "Director" in 1962
|- 
| High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) || Funds and programmes&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt; || USG || 5 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/428(V) resolution 428 (V)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/727(VIII) resolution 727 (VIII)] || 1950 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Administrator, UNDP || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years, renewable || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1240(XIII) 1240 (XIII)], Part B, paragraph 22 || 1958 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Executive Director, WFP || Funds and programmes || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1714(XVI) resolution 1714 (XVI) || 1961 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and the Director-General of FAO following consultation with the Executive Board&lt;ref&gt;WFP General Regulations, Article VII&lt;/ref&gt; || Position has been held by an American since 1992
|-
| Secretary-General, UNCTAD || Secretariat entity || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1995(XIX) resolution 1995 (XIX)] || 1965 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Director-General, UNFPA || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2211(XXI) resolution 2211 (XXI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2815(XXVI) resolution 2815 (XXVI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3019(XXVII) resolution 3019 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/219 resolution 64/219] || 1966 || Appointment by the Secretary-General in consultation with the UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board || Originally appointed by the Administrator, UNDP
|-
| Rector, UNU || Related entity || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2951(XXVII) resolution 2951 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3081(XXVIII) resolution 3081 (XXVIII)] || 1972 || Appointment by the Secretary-General, with the concurrence of the Director-General of UNESCO, of a candidate from a panel recommended by a Nominating Committee ||
|-
| Director-General, UNEP || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)] || 1972 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General || 
|-
| High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141], paragraph 2 || 1993 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218 B], paragraph 5(b) || 1994 || Appointment by Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Executive Director, UNAIDS || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/1994/94(SUPP) resolution 1994/24] || 1994 || Appointment by the Secretary-General upon the recommendation of the co-sponsors (ILO, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, WFP, WHO and the World Bank) ||
|-
| Executive Secretary, UNFCCC || Related organization || USG || 3 years, renewable || FCCC Conference of the Parties [https://undocs.org/FCCC/CP/1995/7/Add.1 decision 14/CP.1] || 1995 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultation with the Conference of the Parties ||
|- 
| Deputy Secretary-General || Secretariat entity || DSG&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/51/950/Add.1 A/51/950/Add.1], paragraph 6&lt;/ref&gt; || Not to exceed term of the SG || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/12B resolution 52/12 B] || 1997 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States || 
|-
| Executive Director, UN Habitat || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/206 resolution 56/206], Section I.A, paragraph 2 || 2002 || Election by General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security (DSS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/276 resolution 59/276], section XI, paragraph 22 || 2004 || || SG requested exceptional two-year extension of term for Gilles Michaud&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/785 A/78/785]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Peacebuilding Support (PBSO) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/236 resolution 62/236], para 69-70 || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States ||
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Ombudsman (UNOMS) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 terms with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/228 resolution 62/228]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/65/251 resolution 65/251] || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General from a list of candidates compiled and recommended by selection committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7]&lt;/ref&gt; || Upon completion of his or her term of office, the United Nations Ombudsman shall not be eligible for other employment within the Secretariat &lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Position has been held by an American since its creation
|-
| Executive Director, UN-Women || Funds and programs || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/289 resolution 64/289], para 69 || 2010 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States ||
|}

== Titles ==
The UN uses a variety of titles to denote the representatives of the Secretary-General in the field, including [[SPM|special and personal envoys and special advisers]], as follows: &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/62/7/Add.29 A/62/7/Add.29]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Representatives of the Secretary-General''' serve at his discretion at the level and title designated by him. Such designation can be prescribed by the Security Council or the General Assembly, and often the Secretary-General advises the Security Council of the appointment of his special representatives for Security Council-mandated peacekeeping and peacebuilding missions
* A '''Special Representative of the Secretary-General''' is usually designated at the Under-Secretary-General level as head of a field mission, in accordance with a Security Council or General Assembly mandate. A Deputy Representative of the Secretary-General is appointed at the Assistant Secretary-General level, or lower
* A '''Special Envoy of the Secretary-General''' is assigned at the Under-Secretary-General level to undertake a special mission relating to matters of which the Security Council or the General Assembly are seized. An Envoy of the Secretary-General is assigned at the Assistant Secretary-General level, or lower
* A '''Personal Representative of the Secretary-General''' is assigned at any level to attend specific international conferences, meetings and negotiations on behalf of the Secretary-General
* A '''Special Adviser to the Secretary-General''', normally at the Under-Secretary-General or Assistant Secretary-General level, is assigned to advise the Secretary-General in regard to specific subject matters on an ad hoc basis, normally from United Nations Headquarters

All of the above can serve either full time or when actually employed, depending on the requirements, as determined by the Secretary-General.

== See also ==

* [[United Nations system]]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Selection and conditions of service of Executive Heads in the United Nations system organizations". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2009/9 JIU/REP/2009/8]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Transparency in the selection and appointment of senior managers in the United Nations Secretariat". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2011/2 JIU/REP/2011/2]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="10320" xml:space="preserve">Under the United Nations Charter (articles 97 and 101), the Secretary-General has the authority to appoint staff, including in senior leadership positions. 

== General guidance ==

[[Staff Regulations and Rules|Staff regulation]] 4.5 (a) states that 
&lt;blockquote&gt;Appointment of Under-Secretaries-General and of Assistant Secretaries-General shall normally be for a period of up to five years, subject to prolongation or renewal.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/46/232 resolution 46/232], the General Assembly specified that,
&lt;blockquote&gt;as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Additional considerations ==

Several senior leadership positions within the United Nations were established by the General Assembly with specific provisions related to term in office or selection process. This is a non-exhaustive list of these positions.  

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Position !! Entity type !! Rank !! Term !! Mandate !! Year !! Process !! Notes
|-
| Executive Director, UNICEF || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/57(I) resolution 57 (I), paragraph 3] || 1946 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the UNICEF Executive Board || Position has been held by an American since establishment of UNICEF
|-
| Commissioner-General, UNRWA || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/302(IV) resolution 302 (IV)], paragraph 9 || 1949 || Appointment by Secretary-General in consultation with the Governments represented on the Advisory Commission || Position was renamed from "Director" in 1962
|- 
| High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) || Funds and programmes&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt; || USG || 5 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/428(V) resolution 428 (V)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/727(VIII) resolution 727 (VIII)] || 1950 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Administrator, UNDP || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years, renewable || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1240(XIII) 1240 (XIII)], Part B, paragraph 22 || 1958 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Executive Director, WFP || Funds and programmes || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1714(XVI) resolution 1714 (XVI) || 1961 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and the Director-General of FAO following consultation with the Executive Board&lt;ref&gt;WFP General Regulations, Article VII&lt;/ref&gt; || Position has been held by an American since 1992
|-
| Secretary-General, UNCTAD || Secretariat entity || USG ||  || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1995(XIX) resolution 1995 (XIX)] || 1965 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and confirmation by the General Assembly || 
|-
| Director-General, UNFPA || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2211(XXI) resolution 2211 (XXI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2815(XXVI) resolution 2815 (XXVI)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3019(XXVII) resolution 3019 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/219 resolution 64/219] || 1966 || Appointment by the Secretary-General in consultation with the UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board || Originally appointed by the Administrator, UNDP
|-
| Rector, UNU || Related entity || USG || 5 years, renewable once || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2951(XXVII) resolution 2951 (XXVII)]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/3081(XXVIII) resolution 3081 (XXVIII)] || 1972 || Appointment by the Secretary-General, with the concurrence of the Director-General of UNESCO, of a candidate from a panel recommended by a Nominating Committee ||
|-
| Director-General, UNEP || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)] || 1972 || Election by the General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General || 
|-
| High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) || Secretariat entity || USG || 4 years || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141], paragraph 2 || 1993 || Appointment by the Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218 B], paragraph 5(b) || 1994 || Appointment by Secretary-General and approved by the General Assembly || SG requested exceptional two-year extension of term for Fatoumata Ndiaye to 24 October 2026&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/79/286 A/79/286]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Executive Director, UNAIDS || Funds and programmes || USG ||  || ECOSOC [https://undocs.org/E/1994/94(SUPP) resolution 1994/24] || 1994 || Appointment by the Secretary-General upon the recommendation of the co-sponsors (ILO, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, WFP, WHO and the World Bank) ||
|-
| Executive Secretary, UNFCCC || Related organization || USG || 3 years, renewable || FCCC Conference of the Parties [https://undocs.org/FCCC/CP/1995/7/Add.1 decision 14/CP.1] || 1995 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultation with the Conference of the Parties ||
|- 
| Deputy Secretary-General || Secretariat entity || DSG&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/51/950/Add.1 A/51/950/Add.1], paragraph 6&lt;/ref&gt; || Not to exceed term of the SG || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/52/12B resolution 52/12 B] || 1997 || Appointment by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States || 
|-
| Executive Director, UN Habitat || Funds and programmes || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/56/206 resolution 56/206], Section I.A, paragraph 2 || 2002 || Election by General Assembly on nomination by the Secretary-General ||
|-
| Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security (DSS) || Secretariat entity || USG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/276 resolution 59/276], section XI, paragraph 22 || 2004 || || SG requested exceptional two-year extension of term for Gilles Michaud to 30 June 2026&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/78/785 A/78/785]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Peacebuilding Support (PBSO) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 years; no renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/236 resolution 62/236], para 69-70 || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States || SG requested exceptional two-year extension of term for Oscar Fernandez-Taranco to 31 October 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/73/946 A/73/946]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Assistant Secretary-General, Ombudsman (UNOMS) || Secretariat entity || ASG || 5 terms with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/62/228 resolution 62/228]&lt;br /&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/65/251 resolution 65/251] || 2007 || Appointment by Secretary-General from a list of candidates compiled and recommended by selection committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2016/7 ST/SGB/2016/7]&lt;/ref&gt; || Upon completion of his or her term of office, the United Nations Ombudsman shall not be eligible for other employment within the Secretariat &lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Position has been held by an American since its creation
|-
| Executive Director, UN-Women || Funds and programs || USG || 4 years with one renewal || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/64/289 resolution 64/289], para 69 || 2010 || Appointment by Secretary-General following consultations with Member States ||
|}

== Titles ==
The UN uses a variety of titles to denote the representatives of the Secretary-General in the field, including [[SPM|special and personal envoys and special advisers]], as follows: &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/62/7/Add.29 A/62/7/Add.29]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Representatives of the Secretary-General''' serve at his discretion at the level and title designated by him. Such designation can be prescribed by the Security Council or the General Assembly, and often the Secretary-General advises the Security Council of the appointment of his special representatives for Security Council-mandated peacekeeping and peacebuilding missions
* A '''Special Representative of the Secretary-General''' is usually designated at the Under-Secretary-General level as head of a field mission, in accordance with a Security Council or General Assembly mandate. A Deputy Representative of the Secretary-General is appointed at the Assistant Secretary-General level, or lower
* A '''Special Envoy of the Secretary-General''' is assigned at the Under-Secretary-General level to undertake a special mission relating to matters of which the Security Council or the General Assembly are seized. An Envoy of the Secretary-General is assigned at the Assistant Secretary-General level, or lower
* A '''Personal Representative of the Secretary-General''' is assigned at any level to attend specific international conferences, meetings and negotiations on behalf of the Secretary-General
* A '''Special Adviser to the Secretary-General''', normally at the Under-Secretary-General or Assistant Secretary-General level, is assigned to advise the Secretary-General in regard to specific subject matters on an ad hoc basis, normally from United Nations Headquarters

All of the above can serve either full time or when actually employed, depending on the requirements, as determined by the Secretary-General.

== See also ==

* [[United Nations system]]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Selection and conditions of service of Executive Heads in the United Nations system organizations". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2009/9 JIU/REP/2009/8]
* Joint Inspection Unit. "Transparency in the selection and appointment of senior managers in the United Nations Secretariat". [https://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2011/2 JIU/REP/2011/2]

== References ==</text>
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    <text bytes="9458" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations system''' consists of the United Nations and related organizations. 

== Related concepts ==

The term '''agencies, funds and programmes''' is often used as a shorthand for the operational agencies within the system other than the Secretariat. In addition to the funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, the colloquial use of this term also covers other entities such as UNHCR and related organizations such as IOM. 

The '''common system''' is often used as a shorthand for the organizations within the United Nations system that adhere to the [[common system]] of salaries, benefits and allowances.

== Definitions ==

=== United Nations ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 7'''&lt;br /&gt;There are established as principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice and a Secretariat. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
The United Nations consists of the six Main Organs defined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]] and their subsidiary organs, which can include committees, operational agencies or organs with characteristics of both&lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;. For the purposes of this article, only the operational agencies are listed. 

==== Main bodies ====
* '''The General Assembly'''
* '''The Security Council''' 
* '''The Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC)
* '''The Trusteeship Council'''
* '''The International Court of Justice''' (ICJ)
* '''The Secretariat'''
*: The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the Organization, as per Article 97 of the Charter, and is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The terms of appointment of the Secretary-General are outlined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/11(I) 11 (I)], and additional considerations are contained in the annexes to [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/241 resolution 51/241] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/286 60/286]. 

==== Funds and programmes ====
The funds and programmes are subsidiary organs of the United Nations, under Article 7.2 of the Charter, and do not have separate juridical personality from the United Nations even if they are separately administered. 
* '''United Nations Development Programme''' (UNDP)
*: UNDP was established with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2029(XX) resolution 2029 (XX)] through the merger of the United Nations Special Fund&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/1240%20(XIII) resolution 1240 (XIII)]&lt;/ref&gt; and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance. UNDP is led by an Administrator (formerly the Managing Director of the Special Fund), appointed by the Secretary-General and subject to confirmation by the General Assembly.  
*: UNDP, UNFPA and UNOPS are overseen by a joint Executive Board, which replaced the earlier UNDP Governing Council with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/162 resolution 48/162].
* '''United Nations Environment Programme''' (UNEP)
*: UNEP was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)]. As per this resolution, the Secretariat of UNEP is headed by an Executive Director elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the Secretary-General. 
*: See also [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] Organization of the secretariat of the United Nations  Environment Programme
* '''United Nations Population Fund''' (UNFPA)
* '''United Nations Human Settlements Programme''' (UN-Habitat)
* '''United Nations Children's Fund''' (UNICEF)
*: UNICEF was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/57(i) resolution 57 (I)]. As per this resolution, UNICEF is administered by an Executive Director under policies established by the UNICEF Executive Board. The Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General in consultation with the Executive Board.
* '''World Food Programme''' (WFP)
*: WFP is a joint programme of the United Nations and FAO and is subject to the FAO regulations and rules.

==== Other entities ====
A number of other entities are also considered subsidiary organs under Article 7.2 of the Charter.
* '''International Trade Centre''' (ITC)
*: The ITC is a joint subsidiary organ of the United Nations, via UNCTAD, and the World Trade Organization.
* '''Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS''' (UNAIDS)
*: UNAIDS is a joint programme established by ECOSOC in its resolution 1994/24. UNAIDS uses WHO regulations and rules. 
* '''United Nations Conference on Trade and Development''' (UNCTAD)
* '''Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees''' (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Office for Project Services''' (UNOPS)
*: UNOPS became a separate entity from UNDP under General Assembly [https://undocs.org/http://undocs.org/a/48/49/add.1 decision 48/501]. See also UNDP Executive Board [https://undocs.org/DP/1995/1 decision 94/12]
* '''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East''' (UNRWA) &lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women''' (UN-Women)

=== Specialized agencies ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 57'''&lt;br /&gt;1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.&lt;br /&gt;2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 63'''&lt;br /&gt;The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.&lt;br /&gt;It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC at the intergovernmental level and the [[Chief Executives Board]] (CEB) at the inter-secretariat level, in line with articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. They are therefore not legally part of the United Nations, but are part of the broader United Nations system. 

* '''Food and Agriculture Organization''' (FAO)
* '''International Civil Aviation Organizatio'''n (ICAO)
* '''International Fund for Agricultural Development''' (IFAD)
* '''International Labour Organization''' (ILO)
* '''International Monetary Fund''' (IMF)&lt;ref&gt;The IMF is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Maritime Organization''' (IMO)
* '''International Telecommunication Union''' (ITU)
* '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (UNESCO)
* '''United Nations Industrial Development Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Tourism Organization''' (UNWTO)
* '''World Intellectual Property Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Meteorological Organization''' (WMO)
* '''World Bank Group'''&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank Group is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
** International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
** International Development Association (IDA)
** International Finance Corporation (IFC)

=== Related organizations ===
Related organizations are autonomous organizations with cooperation agreements with the United Nations. Although many are similar to the specialized agencies and some coordinate their work through the CEB, their cooperation agreements make no specific reference to articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 
* '''Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization''' (CTBTO Preparatory Commission)
* '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' (IAEA)
*: IAEA reports to the Security Council.
* ''' International Criminal Court''' (ICC)
* '''International Organization for Migration''' (IOM)&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/296 resolution 70/296] Agreement concerning the Relationship between the United Nations and the International Organization for Migration(25 July 2016)&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Seabed Authority''' (ISA)
* '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' (ITLOS)
* '''Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons''' (OPCW)
*: OPCW reports to the Security Council.
* '''World Trade Organization''' (WTO)

== See also ==
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Administration of justice]]
* [[United Nations country team]]
* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="9495" xml:space="preserve">The '''United Nations system''' consists of the United Nations and related organizations. 

== Related concepts ==

The term '''agencies, funds and programmes''' is often used as a shorthand for the operational agencies within the system other than the Secretariat. In addition to the funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, the colloquial use of this term also covers other entities such as UNHCR and related organizations such as IOM. 

The '''common system''' is often used as a shorthand for the organizations within the United Nations system that adhere to the [[common system]] of salaries, benefits and allowances.

== Definitions ==

=== United Nations ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 7'''&lt;br /&gt;There are established as principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice and a Secretariat. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
The United Nations consists of the six Main Organs defined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]] and their subsidiary organs, which can include committees, operational agencies or organs with characteristics of both&lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;. For the purposes of this article, only the operational agencies are listed. 

==== Main bodies ====
* '''The General Assembly'''
* '''The Security Council''' 
* '''The Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC)
* '''The Trusteeship Council'''
* '''The International Court of Justice''' (ICJ)
* '''The Secretariat'''
*: The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the Organization, as per Article 97 of the Charter, and is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The terms of appointment of the Secretary-General are outlined in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/11(I) 11 (I)], and additional considerations are contained in the annexes to [https://undocs.org/a/res/51/241 resolution 51/241] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/286 60/286]. 

==== Funds and programmes ====
The funds and programmes are subsidiary organs of the United Nations, under Article 7.2 of the Charter, and do not have separate juridical personality from the United Nations even if they are separately administered. 
* '''United Nations Development Programme''' (UNDP)
*: UNDP was established with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/2029(XX) resolution 2029 (XX)] through the merger of the United Nations Special Fund&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/1240%20(XIII) resolution 1240 (XIII)]&lt;/ref&gt; and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance. UNDP is led by an Administrator (formerly the Managing Director of the Special Fund), appointed by the Secretary-General and subject to confirmation by the General Assembly.  
*: UNDP, UNFPA and UNOPS are overseen by a joint Executive Board, which replaced the earlier UNDP Governing Council with the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/48/162 resolution 48/162].
* '''United Nations Environment Programme''' (UNEP)
*: UNEP was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/2997(XXVII) resolution 2997 (XXVII)]. As per this resolution, the Secretariat of UNEP is headed by an Executive Director elected by the General Assembly on the nomination of the Secretary-General. 
*: See also [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2006/13 ST/SGB/2006/13] Organization of the secretariat of the United Nations  Environment Programme
* '''United Nations Population Fund''' (UNFPA)
* '''United Nations Human Settlements Programme''' (UN-Habitat)
* '''United Nations Children's Fund''' (UNICEF)
*: UNICEF was established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/57(i) resolution 57 (I)]. As per this resolution, UNICEF is administered by an Executive Director under policies established by the UNICEF Executive Board. The Executive Director is appointed by the Secretary-General in consultation with the Executive Board.
* '''World Food Programme''' (WFP)
*: WFP is a joint programme of the United Nations and FAO and is subject to the FAO regulations and rules.

==== Other entities ====
A number of other entities are also considered subsidiary organs under Article 7.2 of the Charter.
* '''International Trade Centre''' (ITC)
*: The ITC is a joint subsidiary organ of the United Nations, via UNCTAD, and the World Trade Organization.
* '''Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS''' (UNAIDS)
*: UNAIDS is a joint programme established by ECOSOC in its resolution 1994/24. UNAIDS uses WHO regulations and rules. 
* '''United Nations Conference on Trade and Development''' (UNCTAD)
* '''Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees''' (UNHCR)&lt;ref&gt;UNHCR was previously considered an organizational unit of the Secretariat and not a subsidiary organ. See [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/5 ST/SGB/1997/5] ''Organization of the Secretariat''.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Office for Project Services''' (UNOPS)
*: UNOPS became a separate entity from UNDP under General Assembly [https://undocs.org/http://undocs.org/a/48/49/add.1 decision 48/501]. See also UNDP Executive Board [https://undocs.org/DP/1995/1 decision 94/12]
* '''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East''' (UNRWA) &lt;ref&gt;See Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs (1945–1954), volume 1: Article 7, paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women''' (UN-Women)

=== Specialized agencies ===
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 57'''&lt;br /&gt;1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.&lt;br /&gt;2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Article 63'''&lt;br /&gt;The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.&lt;br /&gt;It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC at the intergovernmental level and the [[Chief Executives Board]] (CEB) at the inter-secretariat level, in line with articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. They are therefore not legally part of the United Nations, but are part of the broader United Nations system. 

* '''Food and Agriculture Organization''' (FAO)
* '''International Civil Aviation Organizatio'''n (ICAO)
* '''International Fund for Agricultural Development''' (IFAD)
* '''International Labour Organization''' (ILO)
* '''International Monetary Fund''' (IMF)&lt;ref&gt;The IMF is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Maritime Organization''' (IMO)
* '''International Telecommunication Union''' (ITU)
* '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (UNESCO)
* '''United Nations Industrial Development Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Tourism Organization''' (UNWTO)
* '''World Intellectual Property Organization''' (UNIDO)
* '''World Meteorological Organization''' (WMO)
* '''World Bank Group'''&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank Group is not a member of the common system&lt;/ref&gt;
** International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
** International Development Association (IDA)
** International Finance Corporation (IFC)

=== Related organizations ===
Related organizations are autonomous organizations with cooperation agreements with the United Nations. Although many are similar to the specialized agencies and some coordinate their work through the CEB, their cooperation agreements make no specific reference to articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 
* '''Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization''' (CTBTO Preparatory Commission)
* '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' (IAEA)
*: IAEA reports to the Security Council.
* ''' International Criminal Court''' (ICC)
* '''International Organization for Migration''' (IOM)&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/296 resolution 70/296] Agreement concerning the Relationship between the United Nations and the International Organization for Migration(25 July 2016)&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''International Seabed Authority''' (ISA)
* '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' (ITLOS)
* '''Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons''' (OPCW)
*: OPCW reports to the Security Council.
* '''World Trade Organization''' (WTO)

== See also ==
* [[Senior leadership appointments]]
* [[International Civil Service Commission]]
* [[Administration of justice]]
* [[United Nations country team]]
* [[Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <text bytes="1614" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Senior leadership appointments]] - Added 2 June 2024

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

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    <text bytes="1692" xml:space="preserve">'''This is not an official United Nations website.''' 
* The United Nations peacekeeping website is available at [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en peacekeeping.un.org] 
* The United Nations library website is available at [https://library.un.org/ library.un.org]. 

casquebleu.org is a free and open-source resource on peacekeeping and the United Nations built on the [//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki] platform which powers sites such as Wikipedia. To the extent possible, references have been provided for all information presented in this website. In some cases, external links may require login, such as a Unite ID to access pages on [https://iseek-external.un.org/ iSeek] or a [http://dag.un.org/ DAG Repository] account. 

For corrections, requests and enquiries, please contact '''webmaster&amp;nbsp;(at)&amp;nbsp;casquebleu&amp;nbsp;(dot)&amp;nbsp;org'''. 

=== Newest pages ===
Existing articles are regularly updated to reflect new developments, and can be identified by viewing [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]. The following are the latest new articles to be added to this wiki:

* [[Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti]] - Added 22 October 2024
* [[Senior leadership appointments]] - Added 2 June 2024

=== Indexes ===
[[:Category:Budget|Budget]] | [[:Category:Doctrine|Doctrine]] | [[:Category:Intergovernmental process|Intergovernmental process]] | [[:Category:Legal|Legal]] | [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]] | [[:Category:Mission support|Mission support]] | [[:Category:Missions|Missions]] | [[:Category:Organization|Organization]] | [[:Category:Personnel|Personnel]] | [[:Category:Reform|Reform]]

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    <text bytes="15713" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This peacebuilding architecture is reviewed by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Financing of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The General Assembly originally specified that the Peacebuilding Fund was to be financed entirely through voluntary contributions. In 2018, the Secretary-General called for Member States to provide the Fund with an additional amount of either $100 million or a symbolic amount equivalent to 1% of approved resources for peacekeeping operations on an annual basis in order to improve the predictability and sustainability of available resources. A detailed proposal for operationalizing this request was submitted to the General Assembly in 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] Investing in prevention and peacebuilding: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

On 22 December 2023, the General Assembly established a Peacebuilding Account through which to provide $50 million in assessed contributions on an annual basis to the Peacebuilding Fund. The assembly decided that half of the amount would be assessed under the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular budget and half under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]].

=== Terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund. ''Note (22 Aug 2024): the MPTFO report links have been removed because they are not stable; links to old reports were broken after an update tot he website.'' 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/756 A/77/756] || 
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || 
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || 
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || 
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || 
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || 
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || 
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || 
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] ||  
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || 
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || 
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>b23cf8222cc5eee7665f96af96111fb39dee02bb</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>1031</id>
    <parentid>1030</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-22T06:09:34Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* History */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="15758" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This [[Review of the peacebuilding architecture|peacebuilding architecture is reviewed]] by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Financing of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The General Assembly originally specified that the Peacebuilding Fund was to be financed entirely through voluntary contributions. In 2018, the Secretary-General called for Member States to provide the Fund with an additional amount of either $100 million or a symbolic amount equivalent to 1% of approved resources for peacekeeping operations on an annual basis in order to improve the predictability and sustainability of available resources. A detailed proposal for operationalizing this request was submitted to the General Assembly in 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] Investing in prevention and peacebuilding: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

On 22 December 2023, the General Assembly established a Peacebuilding Account through which to provide $50 million in assessed contributions on an annual basis to the Peacebuilding Fund. The assembly decided that half of the amount would be assessed under the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular budget and half under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]].

=== Terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund. ''Note (22 Aug 2024): the MPTFO report links have been removed because they are not stable; links to old reports were broken after an update tot he website.'' 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/756 A/77/756] || 
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || 
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || 
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || 
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || 
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || 
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || 
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || 
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] ||  
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || 
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || 
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>d62ae9e3a99206e7a8d9fe4ba9824b7e8aaffd7c</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>1032</id>
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    <timestamp>2024-08-22T06:09:49Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>/* See also */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="15805" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This [[Review of the peacebuilding architecture|peacebuilding architecture is reviewed]] by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Financing of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The General Assembly originally specified that the Peacebuilding Fund was to be financed entirely through voluntary contributions. In 2018, the Secretary-General called for Member States to provide the Fund with an additional amount of either $100 million or a symbolic amount equivalent to 1% of approved resources for peacekeeping operations on an annual basis in order to improve the predictability and sustainability of available resources. A detailed proposal for operationalizing this request was submitted to the General Assembly in 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] Investing in prevention and peacebuilding: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

On 22 December 2023, the General Assembly established a Peacebuilding Account through which to provide $50 million in assessed contributions on an annual basis to the Peacebuilding Fund. The assembly decided that half of the amount would be assessed under the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular budget and half under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]].

=== Terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund. ''Note (22 Aug 2024): the MPTFO report links have been removed because they are not stable; links to old reports were broken after an update tot he website.'' 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/756 A/77/756] || 
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || 
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || 
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || 
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || 
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || 
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || 
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || 
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] ||  
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || 
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || 
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]
* [[Review of the peacebuilding architecture]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>cdea07ba6c541eed087ee640878473330f060daa</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>1045</id>
    <parentid>1032</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-11-06T00:45:11Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="15981" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This [[Review of the peacebuilding architecture|peacebuilding architecture is reviewed]] by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Financing of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The General Assembly originally specified that the Peacebuilding Fund was to be financed entirely through voluntary contributions. In 2018, the Secretary-General called for Member States to provide the Fund with an additional amount of either $100 million or a symbolic amount equivalent to 1% of approved resources for peacekeeping operations on an annual basis in order to improve the predictability and sustainability of available resources. A detailed proposal for operationalizing this request was submitted to the General Assembly in 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] Investing in prevention and peacebuilding: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

On 22 December 2023, the General Assembly established a Peacebuilding Account through which to provide $50 million in assessed contributions on an annual basis to the Peacebuilding Fund. The assembly decided that half of the amount would be assessed under the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular budget and half under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]].

=== Terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

Revised terms of reference, as requested in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/78/257 resolution 78/257], were issued as [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/541 A/79/541].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund. ''Note (22 Aug 2024): the MPTFO report links have been removed because they are not stable; links to old reports were broken after an update tot he website.'' 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/756 A/77/756] || 
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || 
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || 
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || 
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || 
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || 
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || 
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || 
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] ||  
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || 
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || 
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]
* [[Review of the peacebuilding architecture]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>67b1820dae765d214e7f0b3a078d2de7ccceb58d</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>1046</id>
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    <timestamp>2024-12-12T16:33:36Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Key legislative actions */ Added 2025 PBAR docs</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="16413" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This [[Review of the peacebuilding architecture|peacebuilding architecture is reviewed]] by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Financing of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The General Assembly originally specified that the Peacebuilding Fund was to be financed entirely through voluntary contributions. In 2018, the Secretary-General called for Member States to provide the Fund with an additional amount of either $100 million or a symbolic amount equivalent to 1% of approved resources for peacekeeping operations on an annual basis in order to improve the predictability and sustainability of available resources. A detailed proposal for operationalizing this request was submitted to the General Assembly in 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] Investing in prevention and peacebuilding: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

On 22 December 2023, the General Assembly established a Peacebuilding Account through which to provide $50 million in assessed contributions on an annual basis to the Peacebuilding Fund. The assembly decided that half of the amount would be assessed under the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular budget and half under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]].

=== Terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

Revised terms of reference, as requested in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/78/257 resolution 78/257], were issued as [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/541 A/79/541].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund. ''Note (22 Aug 2024): the MPTFO report links have been removed because they are not stable; links to old reports were broken after an update tot he website.'' 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/756 A/77/756] || 
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || 
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || 
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || 
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || 
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || 
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || 
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || 
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] ||  
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || 
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || 
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Documents  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/A/78/870 A/78/870–S/2024/339] (TORs)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/79/609 A/79/609–S/2024/827] (PBC chair letter)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/79/634 A/79/634-S/2024/869] (IEP letter) || || || 2025 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/A/74/523 A/74/523–S/2019/857] (process)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] (PBC chair letter)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/74/944 A/74/944–S/2020/678] (IEP letter)|| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]
* [[Review of the peacebuilding architecture]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Special political missions</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>/* Comprehensive review of special political missions */ Added A/79/303</comment>
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    <text bytes="15722" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology and list of current missions ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mission   !! Cluster !! Lead department !! Establishment !! Notes
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus  || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/186(1964) resolution 186 (1964)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1366(2001) resolution 1366 (2001)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara   || I || DPPA || SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/1997/236 S/1997/236] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 (2004) || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1559(2004) resolution 1559 (2004)] || Lebanon; open-ended mandate
|-
| United Nations Representative to the Geneva International Discussions || I || DPPA || SG report [https://undocs.org/S/2009/254 S/2009/254] and letter [https://undocs.org/S/2010/103 S/2010/103] || Georgia; open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria || I || DPPA || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/253 resolution 66/253]] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Horn of Africa || I || DPPA || Exchange of letters: SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/2011/474 S/2011/474] and PSC letter [https://undocs.org/S/2011/475 S/2011/475] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes Region || I || DPPA || Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2098(2013) resolution 2098 (2013)] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen || I || DPPA || Exchange of letters: SG letter [https://undocs.org/S/2016/488 S/2016/488] and PSC letter [https://undocs.org/S/2016/489 S/2016/489] || open-ended mandate
|-
| Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar || I || DPPA || General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/72/248 resolution 72/248] || mandate reviewed and renewed annually under the agenda item "Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives" 
|-
| Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Sudan || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Libya || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Yemen || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on South Sudan || II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team pursuant to resolutions 1526 (2004) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and the Taliban and associated individuals and entities|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Office of the Ombudsperson established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1904 (2009)|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Implementation of Security Council resolution 2231 (2015)|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Mali|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Panel of Experts on Somalia|| II || DPPA || ||
|-
| Support to the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (2004) on the non-proliferation of all weapons of mass destruction || II || ODA || ||
|-
| Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) || II || CTED || ||
|-
| United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da’esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (UNITAD) || II || UNITAD ||
|-
| United Nations Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS) || III || DPPA || ||
|- 
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Regional Centre for Preventative Diplomacy for Central Asia (UNRCCA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations support for the Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission (CNMC) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon (UNSCOL) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa (UNOCA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Mission to Support the Hudaydah Agreement (UNMHA) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in the Sudan (UNITAMS) || III || DPPA || ||
|-
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) || || DPPA || || Previously a [[DPKO]]-led SPM
|-
| United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) || || DPPA || ||
|}

=== Non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and/or police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
: ''See [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]''

The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 79 ||  || || ||  [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/303 A/79/303]
|-
| 78 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/C.4/78/SR.21 A/C.4/78/SR.21] (2 November 2023) || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/79 78/79] || 7 December 2023 || [https://undocs.org/A/78/307 A/78/307]
|-
| 77 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/77/SR.21 A/C.4/77/SR.21] (4 November 2022) || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/127 77/127] || 12 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/283 A/77/283]
|-
| 76 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/83 76/83] || 9 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/198 A/76/198]
|-
| 75 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Typology and list of current missions */ Removed list of SPMs</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="10776" xml:space="preserve">'''Special political missions''' (SPMs) are activities funded through the [[programme budget]] by which the United Nations can respond to peace and security challenges. They vary considerably with regard to their mandates, scope, institutional design and approaches. They range from special envoys and representatives carrying out good offices mandates to monitoring teams, groups and panels overseeing Security Council sanctions regimes, small field-based missions, and multidimensional operations with comprehensive mandates to support political transitions and efforts to build sustainable peace. Three United Nations regional offices serve as forward platforms for preventive diplomacy and dialogue and work very closely with their regional counterparts on transnational peace and security issues affecting the regions in which they are based. 

SPMs can be (1) mandated by the Security Council, (2) established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the President of the Security Council or (3) mandated by the General Assembly. 

== Typology ==

Because of the wide range of activities described as SPMs, they are commonly grouped into three '''clusters''', as follows:

# Cluster I: Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General 
# Cluster II: Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels, and other entities and mechanisms
# Cluster III: Regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions

Large missions that would ordinarily be grouped into cluster III, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), are often presented separately given the size of their budgets. 

Note that the cluster system is a budgetary typology. SPMs can be field- or Headquarters-based, and they can be mandated by the General Assembly or Security Council (or established by the Secretary-General following an exchange of letters with the Security Council), but these considerations are not directly linked to the assignment of SPMs into a particular cluster. 

=== Related non-SPM activities ===

Although they share similarities to certain SPMs, the following entities are not SPMs as they are not funded through the SPM subsection of the programme budget and have their own subsections:
* Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
* United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)

Similarly, some personal envoys appointed as part of the Secretary-General's good offices are funded through extrabudgetary contributions rather than through the programme budget. As such, they are not special political missions. These include:
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Bolivia (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Mozambique (2019-present)
* Personal Envoy for the talks between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1993-2019)
* Personal Representative on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1990-2017)

== Differences from peacekeeping operations ==
'''Financing arrangements'''
SPMs are distinguished from [[peacekeeping missions]] by their financing mechanism; SPMs are all financed through the special political mission subsection of section 3 (Political affairs) in the programme budget, while peacekeeping missions are either financed through section 5 (Peacekeeping operations) of the programme budget or through separate special accounts established for individual missions and and assessed under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]] (see [[peacekeeping financing]]). 

'''Budgeting practices'''
Over time, different practices have been followed for the budgeting of SPM and peacekeeping missions. 
: '''Staffing tables:''' Peacekeeping mission staffing tables are based on [[budget terminology#human resources|posts]], with temporary requirements requested as general temporary assistance [[budget terminology#human resources|positions]]. In SPMs, all staffing requirements are met through positions. 
: '''Programmatic activities''' Peacekeeping mission budgets routinely include funding for [[programmatic activities]] whereas SPMs traditionally exclude such funding and instead focus on mandate delivery through technical expertise provided by staff. 

'''Commitment authority'''
Because SPMs are not peacekeeping missions, they do not have access to the [[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]] to support start-up or reconfiguration and must rely on [[commitment authority]] under the [[commitment authority#Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses|unforeseen and extraordinary expenses]] mechanism.

== Uniformed personnel ==
Some SPMs include [[categories of personnel#Military and police personnel|military and/or police contingents]] deployed as [[guard units]] for security purposes.

In addition, the United Kingdom deployed a 70-person military logistics support unit to support UNSOS, an arrangement that was authorized through an exchange of letters between the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/S/2016/350 S/2016/350] and [https://undocs.org/S/2016/351 S/2016/351]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intergovernmental process ==
In addition to the intergovernmental actions related to the mandating of SPMs, issues related to SPMs are routinely considered by the Fourth and Fifth Committee of the General Assembly, under three subjects.

=== Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives ===
: ''See [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]''

The General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]], takes action on estimates in respect of special political missions in the context of its resolutions on special subjects related to the programme budget. SPM budgets are normally considered during the main session (October through December) of the Fifth Committee, and any revised estimates that may arise are generally considered during the resumed session (either March or May). 

=== Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions ===
Given the similarities between peacekeeping missions and large SPMs, including the size of their budgets, some delegations and groups have called for a review of funding and backstopping arrangements for SPMs.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the African Group statement on SPM budgets during the 66th session stated, "The African Group believes that there would be merit in separating the special political missions budget from the other parts of the regular budget, and that these SPMs should be dealt with financially in a way similar to the peacekeeping missions."&lt;/ref&gt; These efforts culminated in the issuance of a report on funding and backstopping arrangements ([https://undocs.org/A/66/340 A/66/340]) in October 2011. 

Informal consultations in the Fifth Committee on this report and its accompanying ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/A/66/7/Add.21 A/66/7/Add.21]) were inconclusive during the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd and 73rd sessions. 

=== Comprehensive review of special political missions ===
Due in large part to the lack of progress on the funding and backstopping issue in the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly, through the Fourth Committee, adopted resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/123 67/123] of 18 December 2012 establishing a new "Comprehensive review of special political missions" agenda item. This effort was spearheaded by Mexico and Finland. The new agenda item was consciously modeled on the [[Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations|agenda item]] under which the Fourth Committee considers peacekeeping operations and the report of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|C-34]].

The Fourth Committee considers an annual report titled "Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions" under this agenda item. The deliberations and resulting General Assembly resolutions are as follows: 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Session !! Summary records !! Resolution !! Date !! SG report
|-
| 79 ||  || || ||  [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/303 A/79/303]
|-
| 78 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/C.4/78/SR.21 A/C.4/78/SR.21] (2 November 2023) || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/79 78/79] || 7 December 2023 || [https://undocs.org/A/78/307 A/78/307]
|-
| 77 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/77/SR.21 A/C.4/77/SR.21] (4 November 2022) || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/127 77/127] || 12 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/283 A/77/283]
|-
| 76 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/83 76/83] || 9 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/198 A/76/198]
|-
| 75 || No summary records due to COVID pandemic || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/100 75/100] || 10 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/312 A/75/312]
|-
| 74 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/74/SR.20 A/C.4/74/SR.20] (8 November 2019) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/91 74/91] || 13 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/a/74/338 A/74/338]
|-
| 73 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.21 A/C.4/73/SR.21] (5 November 2018) and [https://undocs.org/A/C.4/73/SR.23 A/C.4/73/SR.23] (8 November 2018) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/101 73/101] || 7 December 2018 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/73/337 A/73/337]
|-
| 72 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.21 A/C.4/72/SR.21] (31 October 2017) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/72/sr.23 A/C.4/72/SR.23] (2 November 2017) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/89 72/89] || 7 December 2017 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/72/357/rev.1 A/72/357/Rev.1] 
|-
| 71 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.17 A/C.4/71/SR.17] (27 October 2016) and [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/71/sr.18 A/C.4/71/SR.18] (28 October 2016) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/100 71/100] || 6 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/a/71/330 A/71/330]
|-
| 70 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/70/sr.20 A/C.4/70/SR.20] (6 November 2015) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/92 70/92] || 9 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/400 A/70/400] 
|-
| 69 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/69/sr.19 A/C.4/69/SR.19] (3 November 2014) || [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/95 69/95] || 5 December 2014 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/69/325 A/69/325] 
|-
| 68 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.4/68/sr.20 A/C.4/68/SR.20] (4 November 2013)  || [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/85 68/85] || 11 December 2013 ||  [https://undocs.org/a/68/223 A/68/223]  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]
* [[Guard units]]
* [[Integrated mission]]
* [[Peace operations]]
* [[Peacekeeping missions]]
* [[Approved resources for peacekeeping operations]]

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]] [[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>57137843f066328a986758bd448c1be08c30a57b</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>United Nations Office to the African Union</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="2359" xml:space="preserve">The  '''United Nations Office to the African Union''' (UNOAU), located in Addis Ababa, was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/288 resolution 64/288] to strengthen coordination and cooperation with the African Union. 

UNOAU was formed from the merger of what were previously four standalone entities in Addis Ababa&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union&lt;/ref&gt;, namely:
* United Nations Liaison Office
* African Union Peace and Support Team 
* United Nations Planning Team for the African Union Mission in Somalia
* The administrative functions of the Joint Support and Coordination Mechanism of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

UNOAU is headed by Special Representative of the Secretary-General, at the level of Under-Secretary-General. The current structure of the Office was approved by the General Assembly in its resolution [https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/270 71/270] following a review of the Office and its functioning completed in 2016&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Key documents ==
As requested in [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2014/27 S/PRST/2014/27], the Secretary-General submits an annual report to the Security Council on strengthening the partnership between the UN and the AU on issues of peace and security in Africa, including on the work of [[United Nations Office to the African Union]].
* [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/629 S/2024/629]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2023/629 S/2023/629]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2022/643 S/2022/643]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2021/763 S/2021/763]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2020/860 S/2020/860]
* [https://undocs.org/S/2019/759 S/2019/759] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2018/678 S/2018/678] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2017/744 S/2017/744] 
* [https://undocs.org/S/2016/780 S/2016/780]

Other relevant reports:
* [https://undocs.org/A/64/762 A/64/762] ''Budget for the United Nations Office to the African Union'' (Proposed establishment of UNOAU)
* [https://undocs.org/A/71/551 A/71/551] ''Review of the United Nations Office to the African Union: Report of the Secretary-General''

== See also ==
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Organization]]</text>
    <sha1>a4b99950374b2679d5644afcdc87992a4f62d983</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Management reform</title>
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    <text bytes="8718" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266A '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018.

=== 74th session ===
The Fifth Committee began Q&amp;A on the report on the proposed funding model for DMSPC and DOS, [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761], during the second part of the resumed session. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of management reform, [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] was introduced in the Fifth Committee on 28 October 2020. The Fifth Committee also resumed its consideration of the report on the proposed funding model and began consideration of report [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] on budgetary procedures and practices (referred to as the "sequencing report"). The Assembly took no action on the reports on implementation and the funding model&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/683 A/75/683]&lt;/ref&gt;, and therefore there currently are no active requests for further progress reports on the implementation of management reform. 

In its decision 75/553 of 31 December 2020, the Assembly deferred consideration of the sequencing report to the main part of the 76th session.

The [[Board of Auditors]] included a dedicated section in its report [https://undocs.org/A/75/5(vol.I) A/75/5 (Vol.I)] (section II.E) on the implementation of management reform, which the General Assembly took note of in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/242 resolution 75/242].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
    <sha1>09dfa5acd73978b760819897862426eb94c77412</sha1>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8719" xml:space="preserve">'''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations''' is one of three elements of Secretary-General António Guterres's '''United to Reform''' agenda. 

The adoption of the reforms by the General Assembly resulted in the implementation of a new, decentralized approach to [[regulations and rules|delegation of authority]] and the change from a biennial to an annual [[programme budget]], as well as the reorganization of the previous [[Department of Field Support]] and [[Department of Management]] into the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. 

== Background ==

On 12 December 2016, upon taking the Oath of Office, Secretary-General designate António Guterres outlined his priorities for reform of the United Nations, saying:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The third key area is management reform. We will build on existing efforts and implement the recent initiatives that were approved. But, looking at United Nations staff and budgetary rules and regulations, one might think that some of them were designed to prevent, rather than enable, the effective delivery of our mandates.&lt;br&gt;

We need to create a consensus around simplification, decentralization and flexibility. It benefits no one if it takes nine months to deploy a staff member to the field. The United Nations needs to be nimble, efficient and effective. It must focus more on delivery and less on process; more on people and less on bureaucracy. A culture of accountability also requires strong performance management and effective protection for whistle-blowers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/PV.60 A/71/PV.60] General Assembly official records, 71st session: 60th plenary meeting, Monday 12 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Secretary-General established an internal review team on management in 2017 which undertook wide-ranging consultations and a review of previous examinations of the Secretariat management system to identify six priority areas for improvement:
 
# slow, unresponsive service delivery
# fragmentation in management structures
# a weak performance management culture
# a trust deficit with Member States and with staff
# inadequate resourcing of and ineffective implementation of mandates
# lack of transparency and accountability
 
== Legislative history ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | SG report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | ACABQ report
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Resolution
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492 '''A/72/492'''] and [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 '''Add.1''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266A '''72/266A''']
| First SG report on management reform outlining vision for paradigm shift, with addendum on proposed programme planning and budget process
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 '''A/72/492/Add.2''']
| [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B''']
| SG proposal to establish new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance|DMSPC]] and [[Department of Operational Support|DOS]]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366]
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411]
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 73/281]
| SG report on placement of human resources structures
|}

=== 72nd session ===
The Secretary-General submitted a vision for a new management paradigm for the Secretariat ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492 A/72/492]) based on three main principles: simplification of the policy framework, decentralization of decision-making to the point of delivery and [[regulations and rules|delegation]] to align the responsibility for mandate delivery with the authority to manage resources. The General Assembly, after considering the report of the Secretary-General and the associated report of the ACABQ ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.24 A/72/7/Add.24]) welcomed the commitment of the Secretary-General to improving the ability of the United Nations to deliver on its mandates through management reform in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266 '''72/266'''] of 24 December 2017. The Assembly also approved, on a trial basis, the proposal of the Secretary-General to change from a biennial to an annual budget cycle ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.1 A/72/492/Add.1]) on a trial basis beginning with the programme budget for 2020.
 
At the request of the Assembly, a comprehensive report on implementing a new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/72/492/add.2 A/72/492/Add.2]) was submitted in May 2018, upon which the ACABQ made its own recommendations ([http://undocs.org/a/72/7/add.49 A/72/7/Add.49]). The General Assembly, in its '''resolution''' [http://undocs.org/a/res/72/266B '''72/266B'''] of 5 July 2018, approved the reorganization of the existing [[Department of Management]] and [[Department of Field Support]] to the new [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and the new [[Department of Operational Support]], which will be established on 1 January 2019. These new structures are not the objective of the reform, but rather the vehicles by which to support empowered senior managers across the Secretariat under the new decentralized management paradigm.

=== 73rd session ===
During the 73rd session, the Secretary-General submitted a report on the placement of human resources structures in the new management architecture ([http://undocs.org/a/73/366 A/73/366]) requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 72/266B. That report, and its associated ACABQ report ([https://undocs.org/en/A/73/411 A/73/411]) was considered by the General Assembly, which endorsed the approach of the Secretary-General in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/281 resolution 73/281] of 22 December 2018.

=== 74th session ===
The Fifth Committee began Q&amp;A on the report on the proposed funding model for DMSPC and DOS, [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761], during the second part of the resumed session. 

=== 75th session ===
The report on progress in the implementation of management reform, [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] was introduced in the Fifth Committee on 28 October 2020. The Fifth Committee also resumed its consideration of the report on the proposed funding model and began consideration of report [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] on budgetary procedures and practices (referred to as the "sequencing report"). The Assembly took no action on the reports on implementation and the funding model&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/683 A/75/683]&lt;/ref&gt;, and therefore there currently are no active requests for further progress reports on the implementation of management reform. 

In its decision 75/553 of 31 December 2020, the Assembly deferred consideration of the sequencing report to the main part of the 76th session.

The [[Board of Auditors]] included a dedicated section in its report [https://undocs.org/A/75/5(vol.I) A/75/5 (Vol.I)] (section II.E) on the implementation of management reform, which the General Assembly took note of in its [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/242 resolution 75/242].

== Key documents ==
* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492] ''Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a better future for all'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.24 A/72/7/Add.24])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.1 A/72/492/Add.1] ''Improving and streamlining the programme planning and budgeting process'' 
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/852 A/74/852] ''Budgetary procedures and practices'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.33 A/74/7/Add.33])

* [https://undocs.org/A/72/492/Add.2 A/72/492/Add.2] ''Implementing a new management architecture for improved effectiveness and strengthened accountability'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/72/7/Add.49 A/72/7/Add.49])
** [https://undocs.org/A/73/366 A/73/366] Human resources structures (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/73/411 A/73/411])
** [https://undocs.org/A/74/761 A/74/761] Funding model for the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and the Department of Operational Support (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/74/7/Add.32 A/74/7/Add.32])

* [https://undocs.org/a/75/201 A/75/201] ''Review of progress in the implementation of management reform'' (and ACABQ report [https://undocs.org/A/75/538 A/75/538])

== See also ==

* [[United Nations reform]]
* [[Peace and security reform]]
* [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations]]
* [[Regulations and rules|Delegation of authority]]
* [[Programme budget]]

== References ==

[[Category:Reform]]</text>
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  <title>Guard unit</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>207</id>
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    <text bytes="3514" xml:space="preserve">In recent decades, the increasing deployment of missions to non-permissive security environments has led the United Nations to consider the deployment of '''guard units''' to protect United Nations personnel and premises. 

A United Nations guard unit is a formed unit deployed under a [[memorandum of understanding]] with a troop- or police-contributing country, which is reimbursed for its [[personnel reimbursement|personnel]] and [[contingent-owned equipment]] as part of the standard frameworks established by the General Assembly. 

The deployment of a guard unit is a possible security risk management option when other preferred security risk management options have been exhausted. The decision to deploy a guard unit begins with a needs assessment, followed by a request for authorization through an exchange of letters with either the Security Council or the General Assembly, based on which intergovernmental body established the mission in question.&lt;ref&gt;UNDSS/SOP/1/2015 Deployment of United Nations Guard Units (SOP)&lt;/ref&gt;

Guard units have been deployed in the following situations:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Mandate !! Mission !! Notes
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2690(2023) resolution 2690 (2023)] || MINUSMA || Authorized retention of a guard unit consisting of one FPU, seven IPOs and a military contingent&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/78/761 A/78/761]&lt;/ref&gt; to protect personnel, facilities and assets during mission liquidation
|-
| Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2559(2020) resolution 2559 (2020)] || UNAMID || Authorized retention of a guard unit consisting of two FPUs with a total strength of 363 uniformed personnel&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/S/2021/470 S/2021/470]&lt;/ref&gt; as part of liquidation team
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2004/764 S/2004/764] and [https://undocs.org/s/2004/765 S/2014/765] || UNAMI || Authorized deployment of three formed guard units of 160 armed civilian police, paramilitary or military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/636 S/2013/636] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/637 S/2013/637] || BINUCA || Authorized deployment of an initial 250 military personnel&lt;ref&gt;In [https://undocs.org/S/2013/696 S/2013/696], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;, which was planned to be expanded to a battalion-sized unit of 560 personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/s/2013/704 S/2013/704] and [https://undocs.org/s/2013/705 S/2013/705] || UNSMIL || Authorized deployment of a guard unit of up to 235 military personnel
|-
| [https://undocs.org/S/2013/764 S/2013/764] and [https://undocs.org/S/2013/765 S/2013/765];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2015/234 S/2015/234] and [https://undocs.org/s/2015/235 S/2015/235];&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/2019/140 S/2019/140] and [https://undocs.org/s/2019/141 S/2019/141]  || UNSOM || (2013) Authorized guard unit consisting of a battalion, an extraction and reinforcement team and a logistics company, totaling 410 personnel&lt;ref&gt;In [https://undocs.org/S/2014/239 S/2014/239], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2015) Authorized increase in strength by 120 troops, to 530 personnel&lt;br /&gt;(2019) Authorized increase in strength by 95 troops&lt;ref&gt;in [https://undocs.org/S/2019/372 S/2019/372], the Security Council was informed that these would be provided by Uganda&lt;/ref&gt;, to 625 personnel
|}

== See also ==
* [[Safety and security]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[category: legal]]</text>
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  <title>Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "The '''Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti''' '''(MSS)''' was authorized by the Security Council in resolution [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2699(2023) 2699] of 2 October 2023.  The mission is mandated "to support the efforts of the Haitian National Police to re-establish security in Haiti and build security conditions conducive to holding free and fair elections" by * Providing operational support to the Haitian National Police, including building its capacit..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="3517" xml:space="preserve">The '''Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti''' '''(MSS)''' was authorized by the Security Council in resolution [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2699(2023) 2699] of 2 October 2023.

The mission is mandated "to support the efforts of the Haitian National Police to re-establish security in Haiti and build security conditions conducive to holding free and fair elections" by
* Providing operational support to the Haitian National Police, including building its capacity through the planning and conduct of joint security support operations, and
* Providing support for the provision of security for critical infrastructure sites and transit locations.

Although authorized by the Security Council, the MSS is not a UN peace operation and is not financed through UN assessed contributions. A UN trust fund was established to facilitate voluntary contributions to enable and operationalize the MSS mandate.&lt;ref&gt;Security Council resolution 2699 (2023), paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt; The UN is authorized to provide logistical support packages to the MSS subject to full financial reimbursement.&lt;ref&gt;Security Council resolution 2699 (2023), paragraph 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Security Council resolutions ==
The Security Council has adopted several resolutions on the MSS mandate, as follows:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Date !! Notes 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2699(2023) 2699 (2023)] || 02 October 2023 || Established the MSS for an initial period of 1 year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2751(2024) 2751 (2024)] || 30 September 2024 || Extended the mandate of the MSS to 02 October 2025
|}

== Pledges ==
The following member states have pledged personnel and capabilities to the MSS:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Member State !! Date !! Letter !! Contribution 
|-
| Chad || 03 October 2023 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Expressed readiness to contribute troops and formed police units (no specifics)
|-
| Bangladesh || 10 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged personnel (no specifics)
|-
| Barbados || 24 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged to provide security personnel (no specifics) and in-kind support in the form of training and capacity-building
|-
| Bahamas, The || 26 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged 150 law enforcement personnel for joint operations and capacity building, as well as maritime, waterside and port security
|-
| Benin || 28 February 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/224 S/2024/224] || Pledged 1,500 troops, with the possibility of increasing the number to 2,000
|-
| Jamaica || 05 March 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/262 S/2024/262] || Pledged 170 members of the Jamaica Defense Force and 30 members of the Jamaica Constabulary Force
|-
| Kenya || 11 March 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/262 S/2024/262] || Pledged to contribute personnel and leadership (no specifics)
|- 
| Belize || 01 May 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/393 S/2024/393] || Pledged 50 military personnel from the Belize Defense Force and Belize Coast Guard
|-
| Guatemala || 24 June 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/535 S/2024/535] || Pledged one military police company and the use of the Regional Peace Operations Training Centre
|-
| El Salvador || 13 August 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/678 S/2024/678] || Pledged 3 helicopters and 78 troops for medical evacuation (medevac) operations
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]]</text>
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    <id>1047</id>
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    <text bytes="3660" xml:space="preserve">The '''Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti''' '''(MSS)''' was authorized by the Security Council in resolution [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2699(2023) 2699] of 2 October 2023.

The mission is mandated "to support the efforts of the Haitian National Police to re-establish security in Haiti and build security conditions conducive to holding free and fair elections" by
* Providing operational support to the Haitian National Police, including building its capacity through the planning and conduct of joint security support operations, and
* Providing support for the provision of security for critical infrastructure sites and transit locations.

Although authorized by the Security Council, the MSS is not a UN peace operation and is not financed through UN assessed contributions. A UN trust fund was established to facilitate voluntary contributions to enable and operationalize the MSS mandate.&lt;ref&gt;Security Council resolution 2699 (2023), paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt; The UN is authorized to provide logistical support packages to the MSS subject to full financial reimbursement.&lt;ref&gt;Security Council resolution 2699 (2023), paragraph 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Security Council resolutions ==
The Security Council has adopted several resolutions on the MSS mandate, as follows:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Date !! Notes 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2699(2023) 2699 (2023)] || 02 October 2023 || Established the MSS for an initial period of 1 year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2751(2024) 2751 (2024)] || 30 September 2024 || Extended the mandate of the MSS to 02 October 2025
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/868 S/2024/868] || 29 November 2024 || Requested the development of options for the possible role of the UN
|}

== Pledges ==
The following member states have pledged personnel and capabilities to the MSS:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Member State !! Date !! Letter !! Contribution 
|-
| Chad || 03 October 2023 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Expressed readiness to contribute troops and formed police units (no specifics)
|-
| Bangladesh || 10 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged personnel (no specifics)
|-
| Barbados || 24 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged to provide security personnel (no specifics) and in-kind support in the form of training and capacity-building
|-
| Bahamas, The || 26 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged 150 law enforcement personnel for joint operations and capacity building, as well as maritime, waterside and port security
|-
| Benin || 28 February 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/224 S/2024/224] || Pledged 1,500 troops, with the possibility of increasing the number to 2,000
|-
| Jamaica || 05 March 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/262 S/2024/262] || Pledged 170 members of the Jamaica Defense Force and 30 members of the Jamaica Constabulary Force
|-
| Kenya || 11 March 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/262 S/2024/262] || Pledged to contribute personnel and leadership (no specifics)
|- 
| Belize || 01 May 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/393 S/2024/393] || Pledged 50 military personnel from the Belize Defense Force and Belize Coast Guard
|-
| Guatemala || 24 June 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/535 S/2024/535] || Pledged one military police company and the use of the Regional Peace Operations Training Centre
|-
| El Salvador || 13 August 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/678 S/2024/678] || Pledged 3 helicopters and 78 troops for medical evacuation (medevac) operations
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]]</text>
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    <comment>/* Pledges */</comment>
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    <text bytes="3836" xml:space="preserve">The '''Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti''' '''(MSS)''' was authorized by the Security Council in resolution [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2699(2023) 2699] of 2 October 2023.

The mission is mandated "to support the efforts of the Haitian National Police to re-establish security in Haiti and build security conditions conducive to holding free and fair elections" by
* Providing operational support to the Haitian National Police, including building its capacity through the planning and conduct of joint security support operations, and
* Providing support for the provision of security for critical infrastructure sites and transit locations.

Although authorized by the Security Council, the MSS is not a UN peace operation and is not financed through UN assessed contributions. A UN trust fund was established to facilitate voluntary contributions to enable and operationalize the MSS mandate.&lt;ref&gt;Security Council resolution 2699 (2023), paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt; The UN is authorized to provide logistical support packages to the MSS subject to full financial reimbursement.&lt;ref&gt;Security Council resolution 2699 (2023), paragraph 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Security Council resolutions ==
The Security Council has adopted several resolutions on the MSS mandate, as follows:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Date !! Notes 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2699(2023) 2699 (2023)] || 02 October 2023 || Established the MSS for an initial period of 1 year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2751(2024) 2751 (2024)] || 30 September 2024 || Extended the mandate of the MSS to 02 October 2025
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/868 S/2024/868] || 29 November 2024 || Requested the development of options for the possible role of the UN
|}

== Pledges ==
The following member states have pledged personnel and capabilities to the MSS:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Member State !! Date !! Letter !! Contribution 
|-
| Chad || 03 October 2023 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Expressed readiness to contribute troops and formed police units (no specifics)
|-
| Bangladesh || 10 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged personnel (no specifics)
|-
| Barbados || 24 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged to provide security personnel (no specifics) and in-kind support in the form of training and capacity-building
|-
| Bahamas, The || 26 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged 150 law enforcement personnel for joint operations and capacity building, as well as maritime, waterside and port security
|-
| Benin || 28 February 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/224 S/2024/224] || Pledged 1,500 troops, with the possibility of increasing the number to 2,000
|-
| Jamaica || 05 March 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/262 S/2024/262] || Pledged 170 members of the Jamaica Defense Force and 30 members of the Jamaica Constabulary Force
|-
| Kenya || 11 March 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/262 S/2024/262] || Pledged to contribute personnel and leadership (no specifics)
|- 
| Belize || 01 May 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/393 S/2024/393] || Pledged 50 military personnel from the Belize Defense Force and Belize Coast Guard
|-
| Guatemala || 24 June 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/535 S/2024/535] || Pledged one military police company and the use of the Regional Peace Operations Training Centre
|-
| El Salvador || 13 August 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/678 S/2024/678] || Pledged 3 helicopters and 78 troops for medical evacuation (medevac) operations
|-
| Bahamas || 13 December 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2025/42 S/2025/42] || Pledged 1 offshore patrol vehicle, 2 rigid hull inflatable boats, contingent of 60 personnel
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]]</text>
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  <title>MSS</title>
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    <comment>Redirected page to [[Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="61" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Commitment authority</title>
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    <text bytes="5166" xml:space="preserve">'''Commitment authority''' is approval for the Secretary-General to enter into financial commitments of up to a certain amount in advance of an appropriation from the General Assembly. It is usually used as a temporary measure until a full or revised budget can be prepared and an appropriation provided by the General Assembly.

Commitment authority can be with or without assessment, depending on immediate cash requirements.  

== Peacekeeping start-up or expansion ==
The use of commitment authority for peacekeeping missions with special accounts (i.e., all except UNTSO and UNMOGIP, whose requirements are part of the regular budget) was established in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233A resolution 49/233A] of 23 December 1994, section IV, and draws upon the $150 million of the '''[[Peacekeeping Reserve Fund]]''' established by the General Assembly in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992. The applicable provisions, which have subsequently been amended&lt;ref&gt;Including by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 8&lt;/ref&gt;, are currently contained in [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations 4.6 through 4.9]].

Peacekeeping missions are also able to draw upon up to $50 million from the [[strategic deployment stocks]] to support start-up and expansion, with reimbursement after an appropriation has been received.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269], section VI, paragraph 9&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Peacekeeping mandate change ==
Significant changes in the circumstances of peacekeeping operations can result in the use of commitment authority until a revised budget or additional requirements are approved by the General Assembly. Revised budgets and additional requirements are subject to the same [[peacekeeping financing|process of intergovernmental review]] (including ACABQ and Fifth Committee consideration) as standard peacekeeping budgets. 

=== Revised budgets ===
Since the 2010s, it has become common for the General Assembly to not approve the full budget of a peacekeeping mission that is undergoing a mandate review or where circumstances have changed since a budget was prepared, especially when it is likely that the actual requirements of the mission will be lower than originally anticipated. In these situations, the General Assembly has frequently approved commitment authority (with assessment) for six months until a revised budget is submitted for consideration, generally during the fall, with adoption in December. 

Examples of revised budgets include:
* [https://undocs.org/en/A/78/516 A/78/516] MINUSMA revised budget after termination of mandate under Security Council resolution 2690 (2023)

=== Additional requirements ===
Additional requirements are generally submitted when there has been an expansion of a mission mandate that does not require the revision of the entire budget. Additional requirements are generally submitted to the General Assembly as an addendum to the original budget submission. 

Examples of additional requirements include:
* [https://undocs.org/en/A/67/797/Add.1 A/67/797/Add.1] MONUSCO additional requirements from Security Council resolution 2098 (2013) related to the inclusion of the Force Intervention Brigade
* [https://undocs.org/en/A/72/784/Add.1 A/72/784/Add.1] MONUSCO mandate to provide technical assistance and logistical support to electoral process under Security Council resolution 2348 (2017)

== Unforeseen and extraordinary expenses ==
Start-up of special political missions relies on the '''unforeseen and extraordinary expenses''' (UEE) mechanism in the [[regular budget]], which is governed by a separate UEE resolution for each budget period. 

UEE allows the SG to enter into commitments related to peace and security totaling $8 million per year without any review&lt;ref&gt;In colloquial usage, the term UEE is often used to refer only to this specific provision of the UEE resolution.&lt;/ref&gt; as well as expedited approval of commitment authority for the start-up or expansion of a regular budget-funded SPM or peacekeeping operation (UNTSO or UNMOGIP) with the concurrence of ACABQ without the requirement of going to the General Assembly if the requirements are below $10 million. Requirements above $10 million require General Assembly approval. Commitment authority under UEE does not come with assessment, and '''revised estimates''' are required to be submitted related to commitments entered under the UEE resolution.

While special political missions have access to the strategic deployment stocks, they have to replenish the costs up-front, thus reducing the available commitment authority for other requirements. This is in contrast with the situation in peacekeeping missions with special accounts, where SDS replenishment is only required after an appropriation is received.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/240 A/66/340] ''Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions''&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Peacekeeping Reserve Fund</title>
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    <text bytes="4290" xml:space="preserve">The '''Peacekeeping Reserve Fund''' was established on 1 January 1993 following the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992 "as a cash flow mechanism to ensure the rapid response of the Organization to the needs of peacekeeping operations". The level of the Fund was set at $150 million. Since June 2022, the Fund has also been available as a liquidity mechanism for active peacekeeping missions. 

[[Special political missions]] do not have access to the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund.&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/66/340 A/66/340] Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions&lt;/ref&gt;

== Relevant regulations ==
The use of the Fund is governed by [[Financial Regulations and Rules|Financial Regulations]] 4.5-4.9.

&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.6.''' If a decision of the Security Council relating to the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations results in the need to meet expenses and capital requirements, the Secretary-General is authorized, with the prior concurrence of the Advisory Committee and subject to regulation 4.8, to enter into commitments not to exceed the balance of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, and not to exceed $100 million per decision of the Security Council. The cumulative total of outstanding commitment authority in respect of the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations is not to exceed the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund at any one time; however, the appropriation by the General Assembly of any outstanding commitments shall automatically restore this commitment authority to the extent of the amount appropriated.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.7.''' Advances made from the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund shall be reimbursed as soon as receipts from contributions are available for those purposes.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.8.''' If a decision of the Security Council results in the need for the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for the start-up or expansion phase of peacekeeping operations in an amount exceeding $100 million per decision of the Security Council or exceeding the total level of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, the matter shall be brought to the General Assembly as soon as possible for a decision on commitment authority and assessment.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Regulation 4.9.''' The Secretary-General and the Advisory Committee shall report to the General Assembly on any exercise of a commitment authority given under regulation 4.6, together with the circumstances relating thereto, in the context of the next report submitted to the Assembly on the financing of the relevant peacekeeping operation.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Relevant resolutions ==
* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/47/217 resolution 47/217] of 23 December 1992
*: Established the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund at the level of $150 million.

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] of 23 December 1994
*: Decided "to limit the utilization of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund to the start-up phase of new peacekeeping operations, to the expansion of existing ones or to unforeseen and extraordinary expenditures related to peacekeeping."&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 2 of section XI of 49/233&lt;/ref&gt;
*: Authorized the Secretary-General to enter into commitments not to exceed $50 million per decision of the Security Council, with the concurrence of the ACABQ.&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 1 of section IV of 49/233&lt;/ref&gt;

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/269 resolution 64/269] of 24 June 2010
*: Increased the maximum amount of commitment authority from $50 million to $100 million, but not to exceed the available balance of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund.&lt;ref&gt;Paragraph 8 of section VI of 64/269&lt;/ref&gt;

* General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/76/272 resolution 76/272] of 22 June 2022
*: Approved the use of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund as a liquidity mechanism for active peacekeeping missions up to the level of $110 million, while keeping $40 million to support the mission establishment or expansion. 

== See also == 
* [[Commitment authority]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Strategic deployment stocks]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="1652" xml:space="preserve">== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/79/249 79/249] of 24 December 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/11 A/79/11] || 2025-2027 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/238 76/238] of 23 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/11 A/76/11] || 2022-2024 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}</text>
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    <text bytes="9913" xml:space="preserve">The '''scale of assessments''' determine how much each Member State contributes to the UN [[programme budget|regular (programme) budget]]. The basis for the scale of assessments is Article 17.2 of the United Nations Charter. A separate [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|scale]] governs contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. 

== Regular budget scale of assessments ==
The expenses of the United Nations are apportioned on the principle of capacity to pay, which has been reflected through comparative estimates of national income modified by per capita income. This principle was established by the [[Preparatory Commission]] of the United Nations (1945-46), which was responsible for determining the administrative arrangements required to establish the United Nations. The first General Assembly, however, also instituted a maximum assessment rate (or “ceiling”) on the assessment of the largest financial contributor, the United States, as a way to guard against financial over-reliance on a single Member State.  

The '''methodology''' is the formula used to generate the scale of assessments from economic data provided by Member States to the UN Statistics Division. Since 1946, the methodology has undergone many changes, but two elements of the methodology have existed in one form or another since the very beginning: the low per capita income adjustment, which provides discounts to low-income countries, and the ceiling. 

=== Process ===
Assessment rates for each Member State based on the scale of assessments methodology are established by the General Assembly every three years. 

Consideration of the scale of assessments by the General Assembly, through the [[Fifth Committee]] is based on the report of the '''Committee on Contributions''' (COC), an elected body of 18 members. The terms of reference of the COC are governed by rules 158 through 160 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. The COC meets annually in June and issues a report for consideration by the General Assembly in the fall, though the actual rates are only considered every three years. 

Every year, the Fifth Committee negotiates two separate draft resolutions on the scale of assessments. The first relates to waivers for Member States subject to [[Article 19]] of the Charter, i.e. those who are more than two years in arrears and who have therefore lost their right to vote in the General Assembly. The second is on the scale methodology itself. During the triennial negotiations on the scale rates (i.e. a "scale year"), the outcome is a General Assembly resolution establishing the rates of assessments for the following three-year scale period. During non-scale years, this resolution is supposed to provide guidance to the COC on what elements of methodology it should examine during its next annual session, though the negotiations are generally inconclusive and lead to no decision. 

=== Methodology ===
The current methodology&lt;ref&gt;Annex I of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) outlines how the elements of the methodology have changed over time, and Annex II provides a more in-depth explanation of each step of the calculation under the current methodology.&lt;/ref&gt; determines each country’s share of the regular budget through the following steps: 
# Comparative measures of national income: each Member State’s relative share of the world economy (in GNI, expressed in United States dollars) is determined using economic data submitted by Member States to the UN Statistics Division under the System of National Accounts. For countries for which use of market exchange rates would "cause excessive fluctuations and distortions", the COC can recommend the use of '''price-adjusted rates of exchange''' (PARE) to convert national currencies into U.S. dollars.&lt;ref&gt;Annex III of the 2018 COC report ([https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11]) discusses exchange rates, and Annex IV presents a flow chart on the decision-making process of which exchange rate to use.&lt;/ref&gt; Averages for six- and three-year '''base periods''' are calculated with a time lag of two years (i.e. "t-2 data"). All subsequent steps are run for the three and six year averages, which are then averaged together to obtain the final result, a compromise dating from 1995. 
# '''Debt burden adjustment''' (DBA): Member States covered in the World Bank external debt database receive a discount (applied to the results of the previous step) equivalent to 12.5% of their total '''debt stock''' for each year of the base period. Member States not subject to debt burden adjustment are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. This step was introduced during the 1980s as exceptional relief to countries affected by the Latin American debt crisis. The 12.5% discount is based on the assumption—which is no longer valid—that countries generally repay debt over eight years. The alternative “debt flow” method provides discounts based on the actual amount of debt principal repaid.  
# World per capita GNI calculation: The world average per capita GNI is calculated for the two base periods.
# National per capita GNI calculation: Average per capita GNI is calculated for each country for the two base periods.
# '''Low per capita income adjustment''' (LPCIA): Member States below the LPCIA threshold are provided a discount, equivalent to 80% (the gradient) of the percentage by which the individual Member States are below the threshold. As such, countries with lower per capita GNI have a larger LPCIA discount than those whose per capita GNI are close to the threshold. Member States above the threshold are assessed an additional amount to offset the discounts provided. The LPCIA is the largest source of point redistribution in the scale methodology.
# Minimum assessment rate: A '''floor''' rate of 0.001 per cent is applied.
# Maximum assessment rate for least-developed countries: An '''LDC ceiling''' rate of 0.01 per cent is applied for the least-developed countries. Determination of which Member States are considered Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) is made by the Committee for Development Policy, a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, on the basis of three LDC criteria.
# Maximum assessment rate: The '''ceiling''' of 22 per cent is applied. The United States is the only country that benefits from the ceiling. A ceiling rate has existing since the inception of the organization, though it has decreased over time. 

Because of the impact of the redistribution of points under the LPCIA and ceiling steps of the calculation, the LPCIA is actually calculated in two different ways—one excluding the United States for the purpose of determining the actual rate of assessment (the "track 1" calculation) and one including the United States for the purpose of illustrating the impact of each methodological step in the calculation (the "track 2" calculation).
 
=== Other proposals ===
Rule 160 of the Rules of Procedure currently state that the scale of assessments should apply for three years. One proposal that is regularly debated in the Fifth Committee is the question of annual calculation, i.e. automatic adjustment of the scales each year on the basis of new economic data received. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
The COC issues a report each year (with a reserve document symbol of "A/session number/11"), but a more detailed report is issued during the final year of a scale period. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution   !! COC report !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/79/249 79/249] of 24 December 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/11 A/79/11] || 2025-2027 || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/238 76/238] of 23 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/11 A/76/11] || 2022-2024 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/271 73/271] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/11 A/73/11] || 2019-2021	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/245 70/245] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/11 A/70/11] || 2016-2018	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/238 67/238] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/11 A/67/11] || 2013-2015	||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/248 64/248] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/11(SUPP) A/64/11] || 2010-2012	|| Russia proposed amendment to the draft resolution, which was rejected by a vote of 22 in favor, 85 opposed and 27 abstaining. The resolution was adopted without a vote. See [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/64/sr.22 A/C.5/64/SR.22]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/237 61/237] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/11(SUPP) A/61/11] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/11(SUPP) A/58/11] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/5B-F 55/5B-F] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/A/55/11(SUPP) A/55/11] || 2001-2003	||
|}

== Assessments for Member States and non-Member States ==
The Secretariat issues document each year indicating in dollar terms the assessment of each Member and non-Member State for the regular budget. 

Non-member States, of which there are currently two (the Holy See and the State of Palestine) are assessed a flat rate equivalent to half of their notional rate (i.e. what their share would be if they were a Member State).&lt;ref&gt;See resolution [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/58/1B 58/1B] of 23 December 2003 for the Holy See and decision [https://undocs.org/A/68/49(VOL.II) 68/548] of 27 December 2013 for the State of Palestine.&lt;/ref&gt;

This amount is recorded by the UN as miscellaneous income.

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Programme budget]] 
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/honourroll.shtml Status of Contributions] (from the website of the [[Committee on Contributions]])

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20240502135832|1006">
  <title>Peacekeeping scale of assessments</title>
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    <text bytes="8034" xml:space="preserve">A scale of assessments separate from the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular programme budget applies to the apportionment of the requirements for UN peacekeeping operations. 

== History ==
The first UN peacekeeping missions  were relatively small operations, and their expenses were (and continue to be) funded through the regular budget. The establishment of large, expensive missions such as the UN Emergency Force in 1956 and the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in 1960 created a financial crisis in the UN, in which many Member States refused to shoulder the costs of the missions as part of their regular budget assessments. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice, which issued a landmark advisory opinion in July 1962  indicating that the costs associated with peacekeeping were in fact expenses of the Organization under Article 17.2 of the Charter. 

A special account separate from the regular budget was established for ONUC in 1961. In 1963, after the issuance of the ICJ advisory opinion the General Assembly adopted general principles for the financing of peacekeeping operations, but was unable to reach agreement on the consistent application of those principles, even after the establishment of the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] (C-34) in 1965 to "undertake a comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization".  It was not until 1973  that a more consistent method of apportioning expenses of peacekeeping operations was established, which held until 2000 with the establishment of the present system. 

== Principles ==
The '''principles''' underpinning the peacekeeping scale were established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/1874(S-IV) 1874(S-IV)] of 27 June 1963, as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;(a) The financing of such operations is the collective responsibility of all States Members of the United Nations;&lt;br&gt;
(b)Whereas the economically more developed countries are in a position to make relatively larger contributions, the economically less developed countries have a relatively limited capacity to contribute to peace-keeping operations involving heavy expenditures;&lt;br&gt;
(c) Without prejudice to the principle of collective responsibility, every effort should be made to encourage voluntary contributions from Member States;&lt;br&gt;
(d) The special responsibilities of the permanent members of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be borne in mind in connexion with their contributions to the financing of peace and security operations; &lt;br&gt;
(e) Where circumstances warrant, the General Assembly should give special consideration to the situation of any Member States which are victims of, and those who are otherwise involved in, the events or actions leading to a peace-keeping operation;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The current approach to calculating the peacekeeping scale was established in resolution [http://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] of 23 December 2000.

== Calculation ==
The present peacekeeping scale is the result of the application of a system of discounts, based on the three-year average per capita GNI, to the regular budget scale, as follows: 

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Level
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Criteria
! style="background-color:#000000; color:#efefef;" | Discount 
|-
| A
| Permanent members of the Security Council
| pro rata premium
|-
| B
| All Member States other than those in Level A or Levels C through J 
| No discount
|-
| C
| Member States listed I the annex to resolution 55/235**
| 7.5%
|-
| D
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 2x world average
| 20%
|-
| E
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.8x world average
| 40%
|-
| F
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.6x world average
| 60%
|-
| G
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.4x world average
| 70%
|-
| H
| Member States with per capita GNI less than 1.2x world average
| 70% or 80% 
|-
| I
| Member States with per capita GNI below world average
| 80%
|-
| J
| Least-developed countries
| 90%
|}

=== Level C ===
Level C is defined by resolution 55/235 as consisting of Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore, UAE. 

In 2010-2012, the Bahamas and Bahrain, which graduated to level B in 2004, were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B. In 2013-2015, the Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman were exceptionally granted the same discount as level C while remaining in level B.

=== Transition periods ===
Under resolution 55/235, countries "graduating" to levels with lower levels of discount can qualify for a gradual phase-in of the higher rate; those increasing by two levels have two years to phase in their new rate while those increasing by three or more will have the rate phased in over three years. 

== Recent reports and resolutions ==
Every three years, the Secretariat issues a report on the implementation of resolutions 55/235 and 55/236 containing effective rates of assessment based on updated economic data. After the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the peacekeeping scale, an addendum to the report is issued with the actual approved rates of assessment. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Rates !! Scale period !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/a/res/79/250 79/250] of 24 December 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/318/Add.1 A/79/296/Add.1] || 2025-2027 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia afforded exceptional 7.5% discount
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/239 76/239] of 23 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/296/Rev.1 A/76/296/Rev.1/Add.1] || 2022-2024 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia afforded exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/PV.54 A/76/PV.54]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/272 73/272] of 22 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/a/73/350/add.1 A/73/350/Add.1] || 2019-2021 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia afforded exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/PV.65 A/73/PV.65] General Assembly, 73rd session, 65th plenary meeting, Friday 21 December 2018, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/246 70/246] of 23 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/a/70/331/add.1 A/70/331/Add.1] || 2016-2018 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman afforded exceptional 7.5% discount; Saudi Arabia receives 7.5% discount for 2018 only&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/PV.82 A/70/PV.82] General Assembly, 70th session, 82nd plenary meeting, Wednesday 23 December 2015, 4 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/239 67/239] of 24 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/a/67/224/add.1 A/67/224/Add.1] || 2013-2015 || Level B countries Bahamas, Bahrain and Oman receive exceptional 7.5% discount&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/PV.62 A/67/PV.62] General Assembly, 67th session, 62nd plenary meeting, Friday 21 December 2012, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/249 64/249] of 24 December 2009 || [https://undocs.org/a/64/220/add.1 A/64/220/Add.1] || 2010-2012 || Level B countries Bahamas and Bahrain exceptionally treated as level C&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/PV.68 A/64/PV.68] General Assembly, 64th session, 68th plenary meeting, Wednesday 23 December 2009, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/243 61/243] of 22 December 2006 || [https://undocs.org/a/61/139/add.1 A/61/139/Add.1] || 2007-2009 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/256 58/256] of 23 December 2003|| [https://undocs.org/a/58/157/add.1 A/58/157/Add.1] || 2004-2006 ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/235 55/235] and [https://undocs.org/a/res/55/236 55/236] of 23 December 2000 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/38/add.1 A/C.5/55/38/Add.1] || 2001-2003 || New system of discounts established
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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  <title>Article 19</title>
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    <text bytes="12466" xml:space="preserve">'''Article 19 of the United Nations Charter''' suspends the voting privileges in the General Assembly for Member States whose arrears exceed their assessed contributions from the previous two (calendar) years. It reads as follows:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Exemptions ==
Member States subject to Article 19 who argue that their failure to pay is due to conditions beyond their control may make a submission through the [[scale of assessments|Committee on Contributions]], which meets in June. One of the first orders of business of the Fifth Committee during the main session is to make a determination on requests for exemption of the application of Article 19, which is promptly acted upon by the General Assembly through a resolution under the "scales of assessment" agenda item (see table below). These exemptions cover the entirety of the session. 

== Application of Article 19 ==

In January of each year, it is not uncommon for many Member States who were not in arrears under Article 19 at the end of the previous year lose their vote in the General Assembly with the start of the new financial period. To regain their vote, these Member States must either pay the minimum amount required to bring their arrears below the threshold for Article 19 or request an exemption through the Committee on Contributions, which would only take effect if approved by the General Assembly after the start of the next session. 

The list of Member States to which this applies is communicated each January in a letter from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly. Whenever one of these Member States makes at least the minimum payment and is therefore able to vote again, this is communicated to the General Assembly in an addendum to the letter to the PGA. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Resolution !! Member States exempted by the General Assembly !! SG letter !! Member States in arrears under Article 19
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/79/3 79/3] of 9 October 2024 || Sao Tome and Principe and Somalia || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/338 A/79/338] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/79/720 A/79/720] || '''Afghanistan''', Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/79/720/Add.1 A/79/720/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Bolivia''', '''Cabo Verde''', '''Congo''', '''Ecuador''', '''Granada''', '''Guinea Bissau''', Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, '''Venezuela''' 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/78/2 78/2] of 5 Oct 2023 || Comoros&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/78/707/Add.5 A/78/707/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/78/336 A/78/336] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707 A/78/707] || '''Afghanistan''', Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.3 A/78/707/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Ecuador&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.4 A/78/707/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.1 A/78/707/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Liberia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/78/707/Add.2 A/78/707/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/2 77/2] of 7 Oct 2022 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/77/334 A/77/334] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702 A/77/702] || Dominica&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.1 A/77/702/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Equatorial Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.2 A/77/702/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.4 A/77/702/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, , Somalia, South Sudan &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/77/702/Add.3 A/77/702/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/76/2 76/2] of 11 Oct 2021|| Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/76/318 A/76/318] &lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636 A/76/636] || Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.1 A/76/636/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.3 A/76/636/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.5 A/76/636/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.6 A/76/636/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/Add.2 A/76/636/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vanuatu&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/636/ADD.4 A/76/636/ADD.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela'''
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/75/2 75/2] of 13 Oct 2020 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/75/344 A/75/344], [https://undocs.org/A/75/661 A/75/661] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.5 A/75/661/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Congo&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org.A/75/661/Add.3 A/75/661/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Iran&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/add.4 A/75/661/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Niger&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.2 A/75/661/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/344/add.1 A/75/344/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt; and Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/661/Add.1 A/75/661/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/74/1 74/1] of 10 Oct 2019 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/A/74/642 A/74/642] || Central African Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.7 A/74/642/Add.7]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gambia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.6 A/74/642/Add.6]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lebanon &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.2 A/74/642/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.3 A/74/642/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Suriname&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.1 A/74/642/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;, Tonga&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.5 A/74/642/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Venezuela''', Yemen&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/642/add.4 A/74/642/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/4 73/4] of 12 Oct 2018 || Comoros, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/73/722 A/73/722] || Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.2 A/73/722/Add.2]&lt;/ref&gt;, Gabon&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.3 A/73/722/Add.3]&lt;/ref&gt;, Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.5 A/73/722/Add.5]&lt;/ref&gt;, Palau&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.4 A/73/722/Add.4]&lt;/ref&gt;, Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/722/add.1 A/73/722/Add.1]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/2 72/2] of 9 Oct 2017 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/72/713 A/72/713] || Central African Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Libya, Marshall Islands, Suriname, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/71/2 71/2] of 3 Oct 2016 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/71/764 A/71/764] || Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Dominica, Libya, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/2 70/2] of 12 Oct 2015 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Yemen || [https://undocs.org/a/70/722 A/70/722] || Bahrain, Burundi, Dominican Republic, Iran, Libya, Mali, Marshall Islands, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, Venezuela
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/69/4 69/4] of 9 Oct 2014 || Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/69/722 A/69/722] ||Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/68/5 68/5] of 9 Oct 2013 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/68/716 A/68/716] || Dominica, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Timor Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/67/2 67/2] of 11 Oct 2012 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/67/693 A/67/693] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, TFYROM, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/4 66/4] of 11 Oct 2011 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/66/668 A/66/668] || Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Sudan, Swaziland, TFYROM, Tonga, Vanuatu, Yemen
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/3 65/3] of 8 Oct 2010 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/65/691 A/65/691] || Dominican Republic, Gambia, Grenada, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nepal, Palau, Rwanda, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/64/2 64/2] of 8 Oct 2009 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia || [https://undocs.org/a/64/631 A/64/631] || Chile, Dominican Republic, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Timor Leste
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/63/4 63/4] of 13 Oct 2008 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/63/725 A/63/725] || Cape Verde, Chad, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Paraguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/1 62/1] of 15 Oct 2007 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/62/657 A/62/657] || Benin, Cape Verde, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Vanuatu
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/61/2 61/2] of 12 Oct 2006 || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/61/709 A/61/709] || Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, St. Lucia, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/237 60/237] of 23 Dec 2005  || Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/60/650 A/60/650] || Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova, Seychelles
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/59/1 59/1] of 11 Oct 2004 || Central  African  Republic,  the  Comoros,  Guinea-Bissau,  Iraq,  the  Niger,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  São Tomé and Principe,  Somalia,  Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/A/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/58/1 58/1] of 16 Oct 2003 || Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/59/668 A/59/668] || Afghanistan, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Malawi, Mauritania, Nauru, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/res/57/4 57/4] of 27 Sep 2002 || Burundi, Comoros, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Moldova, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tajikistan || [https://undocs.org/a/58/855 A/58/855] || Benin, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Iraq, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [[Financial situation of the United Nations]]
* [http://legal.un.org/repertory/art19.shtml Repertory of Practice: Article 19] (from Office of Legal Affairs website)
* [http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/art19.shtml Countries in arrears under Article 19] (from General Assembly website)

== References ==

[[Category: Budget]] [[Category: Intergovernmental process]]</text>
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    <text bytes="7371" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including [[peacekeeping financing]] and cross-cutting policy issues, the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and institutional reform. 

Over the course of his career, Eugene spearheaded several major reforms and policy initiatives at the UN, including the establishment of the current [[personnel reimbursement]] framework in peace operations (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/261 resolution 67/261]), the 2019 management reforms ([https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend. 1], and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]), liquidity measures to improve the [[financial situation of the United Nations|financial situation of peacekeeping operations]] (reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]), providing the [[Peacebuilding Fund]] with access to assessed contributions ([https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732]), and enhancing the support and funding to [[African Union]]-led peace support operations ([https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303]). Eugene also played an important role in the design and implementation of other policy initiatives, such as the follow-up to the 2015 High-level Panel on Peace Operations ([https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682]) and the 2019 restructuring of the peace and security architecture ([https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525]). 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and senior fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security. He holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Chapters in edited volumes ===
* Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032707648-10 

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2024 ====
* Chen, Eugene. "What Might Be in Store for the United Nations under a Second Trump Presidency?" IPI Global Observatory, 21 November 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/11/what-might-be-in-store-for-the-united-nations-under-a-second-trump-presidency/

* Chen, Eugene. "A New Vision for Peace Operations (Or how I learned to stop worrying and love Christmas tree mandates)". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 3 October 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-vision-for-peace-operations/

* Chen, Eugene. "Easier Said than Done: Overcoming Coherence Challenges Within the United Nations System". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 September 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/overcoming-coherence-challenges-within-the-un/

* Chen, Eugene. "The Liquidity Crisis at the United Nations: How We Got Here and Possible Ways Out". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 19 August 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/the-liquidity-crisis-at-the-united-nations-how-we-got-here-and-possible-ways-out/

* Chen, Eugene. "Gaza: Assessing Options for the UN's Role for the Day After". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 23 May 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/gaza-assessing-options-for-the-uns-role-for-the-day-after/

* Chen, Eugene. “Sorry, Ambassador Bolton. U.S. membership in the UN is burden-sharing at its best”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 11 March 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/sorry-ambassador-bolton-us-membership-at-the-un-is-burden-sharing-at-its-best/

* Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023)”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

* Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect”. IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/

==== 2023 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked”. IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

* Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

* Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan”. Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

* Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT". Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

* Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity”. Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts”. Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979</text>
    <sha1>67fb38200b49eefcdb2357706aab5a66014aa36f</sha1>
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    <comment>/* Publications */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="7732" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including [[peacekeeping financing]] and cross-cutting policy issues, the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and institutional reform. 

Over the course of his career, Eugene spearheaded several major reforms and policy initiatives at the UN, including the establishment of the current [[personnel reimbursement]] framework in peace operations (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/261 resolution 67/261]), the 2019 management reforms ([https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend. 1], and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]), liquidity measures to improve the [[financial situation of the United Nations|financial situation of peacekeeping operations]] (reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]), providing the [[Peacebuilding Fund]] with access to assessed contributions ([https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732]), and enhancing the support and funding to [[African Union]]-led peace support operations ([https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303]). Eugene also played an important role in the design and implementation of other policy initiatives, such as the follow-up to the 2015 High-level Panel on Peace Operations ([https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682]) and the 2019 restructuring of the peace and security architecture ([https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525]). 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and senior fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security. He holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Chapters in edited volumes ===
* Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032707648-10 

=== Journal articles ===
* Chen, E. (2024). Blue helmet bureaucrats: United Nations peacekeeping and the reinvention of colonialism, 1945–1971: by Margot Tudor, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2023, 310 pp., £85.00, ISBN 9781009264921. International Peacekeeping, 32(1), 156–158. https://doi-org.proxy.library.nyu.edu/10.1080/13533312.2024.2394871

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2024 ====
* Chen, Eugene. "What Might Be in Store for the United Nations under a Second Trump Presidency?" IPI Global Observatory, 21 November 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/11/what-might-be-in-store-for-the-united-nations-under-a-second-trump-presidency/

* Chen, Eugene. "A New Vision for Peace Operations (Or how I learned to stop worrying and love Christmas tree mandates)". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 3 October 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-vision-for-peace-operations/

* Chen, Eugene. "Easier Said than Done: Overcoming Coherence Challenges Within the United Nations System". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 September 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/overcoming-coherence-challenges-within-the-un/

* Chen, Eugene. "The Liquidity Crisis at the United Nations: How We Got Here and Possible Ways Out". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 19 August 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/the-liquidity-crisis-at-the-united-nations-how-we-got-here-and-possible-ways-out/

* Chen, Eugene. "Gaza: Assessing Options for the UN's Role for the Day After". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 23 May 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/gaza-assessing-options-for-the-uns-role-for-the-day-after/

* Chen, Eugene. “Sorry, Ambassador Bolton. U.S. membership in the UN is burden-sharing at its best”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 11 March 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/sorry-ambassador-bolton-us-membership-at-the-un-is-burden-sharing-at-its-best/

* Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023)”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

* Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect”. IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/

==== 2023 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked”. IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

* Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

* Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan”. Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

* Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT". Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

* Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity”. Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts”. Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979</text>
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    <text bytes="8012" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including [[peacekeeping financing]] and cross-cutting policy issues, the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and institutional reform. 

Over the course of his career, Eugene spearheaded several major reforms and policy initiatives at the UN, including the establishment of the current [[personnel reimbursement]] framework in peace operations (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/261 resolution 67/261]), the 2019 management reforms ([https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend. 1], and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]), liquidity measures to improve the [[financial situation of the United Nations|financial situation of peacekeeping operations]] (reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]), providing the [[Peacebuilding Fund]] with access to assessed contributions ([https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732]), and enhancing the support and funding to [[African Union]]-led peace support operations ([https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303]). Eugene also played an important role in the design and implementation of other policy initiatives, such as the follow-up to the 2015 High-level Panel on Peace Operations ([https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682]) and the 2019 restructuring of the peace and security architecture ([https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525]). 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and senior fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security. He holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Chapters in edited volumes ===
* Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032707648-10 

=== Journal articles ===
* Chen, E. (2024). Blue helmet bureaucrats: United Nations peacekeeping and the reinvention of colonialism, 1945–1971: by Margot Tudor, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2023, 310 pp., £85.00, ISBN 9781009264921. International Peacekeeping, 32(1), 156–158. https://doi-org.proxy.library.nyu.edu/10.1080/13533312.2024.2394871

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2025 ====

* Chen, Eugene. "Preparing for the Worst Case for UN Assessed Funding Under Trump 2.0". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 21 February 2025. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/preparing-for-the-worst-case-for-un-assessed-funding-under-trump-2-0/

==== 2024 ====
* Chen, Eugene. "What Might Be in Store for the United Nations under a Second Trump Presidency?" IPI Global Observatory, 21 November 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/11/what-might-be-in-store-for-the-united-nations-under-a-second-trump-presidency/

* Chen, Eugene. "A New Vision for Peace Operations (Or how I learned to stop worrying and love Christmas tree mandates)". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 3 October 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-vision-for-peace-operations/

* Chen, Eugene. "Easier Said than Done: Overcoming Coherence Challenges Within the United Nations System". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 September 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/overcoming-coherence-challenges-within-the-un/

* Chen, Eugene. "The Liquidity Crisis at the United Nations: How We Got Here and Possible Ways Out". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 19 August 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/the-liquidity-crisis-at-the-united-nations-how-we-got-here-and-possible-ways-out/

* Chen, Eugene. "Gaza: Assessing Options for the UN's Role for the Day After". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 23 May 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/gaza-assessing-options-for-the-uns-role-for-the-day-after/

* Chen, Eugene. “Sorry, Ambassador Bolton. U.S. membership in the UN is burden-sharing at its best”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 11 March 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/sorry-ambassador-bolton-us-membership-at-the-un-is-burden-sharing-at-its-best/

* Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023)”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

* Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect”. IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/

==== 2023 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked”. IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

* Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

* Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan”. Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

* Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT". Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

* Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity”. Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts”. Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979</text>
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    <text bytes="9311" xml:space="preserve">'''casquebleu.org''' was created by '''Eugene Chen''' in 2018. 

== Biography ==

Eugene Chen is '''director of the Prevention and Peacebuilding program''' at the [https://cic.nyu.edu '''NYU Center on International Cooperation''']. His research focuses on the interplay of substantive policy, intergovernmental politics, and bureaucratic processes in United Nations peace and security efforts.

Prior to joining the Center on International Cooperation, Eugene worked as a consultant on issues such as peacebuilding financing, United Nations [[transitions]], and climate action in United Nations peace operations. He previously worked in the United Nations Secretariat in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, the Department of Field Support, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Earlier in his career, Eugene served as lead negotiator for the U.S. Government at the United Nations on subjects including [[peacekeeping financing]] and cross-cutting policy issues, the [[scale of assessments|scales of assessments]], and institutional reform. 

Over the course of his career, Eugene spearheaded several major reforms and policy initiatives at the UN, including the establishment of the current [[personnel reimbursement]] framework in peace operations (General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/261 resolution 67/261]), the 2019 management reforms ([https://undocs.org/A/72/492 A/72/492], [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend.1 ST/SGB/2013/4/Amend. 1], and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/2019/2 ST/SGB/2019/2]), liquidity measures to improve the [[financial situation of the United Nations|financial situation of peacekeeping operations]] (reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]), providing the [[Peacebuilding Fund]] with access to assessed contributions ([https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732]), and enhancing the support and funding to [[African Union]]-led peace support operations ([https://undocs.org/S/2023/303 S/2023/303]). Eugene also played an important role in the design and implementation of other policy initiatives, such as the follow-up to the 2015 High-level Panel on Peace Operations ([https://undocs.org/a/70/357 A/70/357–S/2015/682]) and the 2019 restructuring of the peace and security architecture ([https://undocs.org/A/72/525 A/72/525]). 

Eugene is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations and senior fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security. He holds both a BA in Government and an MPA from Cornell University.

== Publications ==

=== Chapters in edited volumes ===
* Chen, Eugene and Katharina Coleman. “Reinvigorating UN Peacekeeping.” In Reinvigorating the UN, edited by Markus Kornprobst and Slawomir Redo. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032707648-10 

=== Book reviews ===
* Chen, E. (2024). Blue helmet bureaucrats: United Nations peacekeeping and the reinvention of colonialism, 1945–1971: by Margot Tudor, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2023, 310 pp., £85.00, ISBN 9781009264921. International Peacekeeping, 32(1), 156–158. https://doi-org.proxy.library.nyu.edu/10.1080/13533312.2024.2394871

=== Reports and short articles ===

==== 2025 ====

* Chen, Eugene. "Preparing for the Worst Case for UN Assessed Funding Under Trump 2.0". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 21 February 2025. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/preparing-for-the-worst-case-for-un-assessed-funding-under-trump-2-0/

==== 2024 ====
* Chen, Eugene. "What Might Be in Store for the United Nations under a Second Trump Presidency?" IPI Global Observatory, 21 November 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/11/what-might-be-in-store-for-the-united-nations-under-a-second-trump-presidency/

* Chen, Eugene. "A New Vision for Peace Operations (Or how I learned to stop worrying and love Christmas tree mandates)". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 3 October 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-vision-for-peace-operations/

* Chen, Eugene. "Easier Said than Done: Overcoming Coherence Challenges Within the United Nations System". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 September 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/overcoming-coherence-challenges-within-the-un/

* Chen, Eugene. "The Liquidity Crisis at the United Nations: How We Got Here and Possible Ways Out". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 19 August 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/the-liquidity-crisis-at-the-united-nations-how-we-got-here-and-possible-ways-out/

* Chen, Eugene. "Gaza: Assessing Options for the UN's Role for the Day After". New York University Center on International Cooperation, 23 May 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/gaza-assessing-options-for-the-uns-role-for-the-day-after/

* Chen, Eugene. “Sorry, Ambassador Bolton. U.S. membership in the UN is burden-sharing at its best”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 11 March 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/sorry-ambassador-bolton-us-membership-at-the-un-is-burden-sharing-at-its-best/

* Chen, Eugene. “Next Steps on the Financing of African Peace Support Operations: Unpacking Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023)”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 15 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/next-steps-on-the-financing-of-african-peace-support-operations/

* Chen, Eugene, Dawit Yohannes, Meressa K. Dessu, Emmaculate Liaga, Tsion Belay. “A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 8 February 2024. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/a-new-approach-to-united-nations-peace-operations-pathways-for-demand-driven-interventions/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “How can the UN Best Support Kenya’s Mission to Haiti? Delay Provides Time to Reflect”. IPI Global Observatory, 31 January 2024. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2024/01/how-can-the-un-best-support-kenyas-mission-to-haiti-delay-provides-time-to-reflect/

==== 2023 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Not a Silver Bullet: The Push for Assessed Contributions for African-led Peace Support Operations”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 16 November 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/not-a-silver-bullet-the-push-for-assessed-contributions-for-african-led-peace-support-operations/ 

* Chen, Eugene. “The MINUSMA Liquidation Process Unpacked”. IPI Global Observatory, 24 July 2023. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2023/07/the-minusma-liquidation-process-unpacked/ 

* Chen, Eugene, Sarah Cliffe, Daniel Friedman, Bojan Francuz, Céline Monnier, Margaret Williams. “Managing Opportunities, Challenges, and Expectations for the New Agenda for Peace”. New York University Center on International Cooperation, 17 May 2023. https://cic.nyu.edu/resources/managing-opportunities-challenges-and-expectations-for-the-new-agenda-for-peace/ 

* Chen, Eugene and Flora McCrone. “Renewable Energy &amp; the United Nations: A Green Spark for Peace in South Sudan”. Stimson Center, 6 February 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/renewable-energy-and-the-united-nations-a-green-spark-for-peace-in-south-sudan/ 

==== 2022 ====

* Chen, Eugene. "Expanded Regular Budget Funding and a Grant-Making Mandate for UNOCT". Global Center on Cooperative Security, August 2022. https://www.globalcenter.org/resource/expanded-regular-budget-funding-and-a-grant-making-mandate-for-unoct/

* Aynte, Abdi and Eugene Chen. “Powering Ahead: The United Nations and Somalia’s Renewable Energy Opportunity”. Stimson Center, 17 March 2022. https://www.stimson.org/2022/powering-ahead-the-united-nations-and-somalias-renewable-energy-opportunity/ 

==== 2021 ====

* Chen, Eugene. “Financing for Peacebuilding in Peace Operations and Transition Contexts”. Cairo International Center for Conflict Resolution, Peacekeeping &amp; Peacebuilding, 28 October 2021. https://www.cccpa-eg.org/publications-details/979

== Interviews ==

* 21 Feb 2025: As the US cedes multilateral space, Chinese top diplomat Wang Yi turns on the charm (Straits Times) - https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/as-the-us-cedes-multilateral-space-chinese-fm-wang-yi-turns-on-the-charm
* 25 Jan 2025: The U.N.'s Magical Thinking about Trump's Return (Foreign Policy) - https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/01/08/united-nations-trump-return/
* 17 Dec 2024: トランプ氏に警戒強める国連　支援縮小の恐れ、識者「難しい4年に」(Asahi Shimbun) - https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASSDG4WDWSDGUHBI010M.html
* 04 Dec 2024: African-led peacekeeping fills a UN-sized hole (The New Humanitarian) - https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/analysis/2024/12/04/african-led-peacekeeping-fills-un-sized-hole
* 25 Jun 2024: Foreign Police Officers Land on the Ground in Haiti (New York Times) - https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/25/world/americas/haiti-kenya-police-gangs.html
* 05 Dec 2023: On the Ground in Wars and Disasters, the U.N. Plays a Vital Role (New York Times) - https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/05/world/middleeast/united-nations-war-gaza-israel.html
* 22 Aug 2022: U.N. Faces Record Humanitarian Aid Shortfall — but Not for Ukrainians (New York Times) - https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/22/world/middleeast/humanitarian-aid-gap-un.html</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20250201205731|1056">
  <title>Approved resources for peacekeeping operations</title>
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    <text bytes="11428" xml:space="preserve">Each [[peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping mission]] (with the exception of UNMOGIP and UNTSO) is financed through its own [[Peacekeeping financing|budget]]. However, all share the same 1 July-30 June financial period. As requested in General Assembly resolution 49/233A, the Secretary-General issues a summary document on '''approved resources for peacekeeping operations''' for each financial period. 

Generally, two documents are issued each year, the first following the approval of the budgets by the General Assembly in June (representing what was approved at the start of the financial period) and one after the start of the calendar year reflecting any additional resources or commitment authority approved during the main session. These changes can be the result of processes such as changes to mission mandates (including start-up, expansion or draw-down), supplementary requests or revised estimates. It is possible that the second summary table '''is not''' the final approved level, as there have been instances during which additional requirements for the existing financial period have been submitted as late as during the second part of the resumed session. As such, the final approved levels are generally reflected in a subsequent [[overview report|overview reports]].

== Summary table ==
* ''Financial period:'' 1 July-30 June financial period
* ''SG request total:'' Amount requested by the Secretary-General during the second part of the resumed session
* ''SG request summary:'' Official document summarizing the Secretary-General's request
* ''Level at start of financial period:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Initial summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the start of the financial period (1 July)
* ''Updated summary:'' Official document summarizing the apportionment approved by the General Assembly as of the midpoint of the financial period (1 January)
* ''Final approved level:'' Amount approved by the General Assembly as of the end of the financial period (30 June)
* ''Notes:'' Developments during the financial period that resulted in additional requirements

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Financial period !! SG request total !! SG request summary !! Level at start of financial period !! Initial summary !! Updated summary !! Final approved level !! Notes
|-
| 2025/26 || 5,498,517,000 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/C.5/79/31 A/C.5/79/31] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2024/25 || 5,691,080,200 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/C.5/78/32 A/C.5/78/32] || 5,593,101,500 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/C.5/78/34 A/C.5/78/34] || 5,593,101,500 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/C.5/79/30 A/C.5/79/30] || MINUSMA liquidation completed 31 Dec 2024
|-
| 2023/24 || 6,812,762,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/29 A/C.5/77/29] || 6,053,804,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/32 A/C.5/77/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/78/30 A/C.5/78/30] || 6,330,670,300 || MINUSMA in liquidation
|-
| 2022/23 || 6,513,193,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/25 A/C.5/76/25] || 6,453,390,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/27 A/C.5/76/27] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/77/30 A/C.5/77/30] || 6,453,390,700 || MINUSMA mandate ended 30 June 2023
|-
| 2021/22 || 6,467,240,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/22 A/C.5/75/22] || 6,378,783,200 ||  [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/75/25 A/C.5/75/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/76/23 A/C.5/76/23] || 6,378,783,200 || UNAMID in liquidation
|-
| 2020/21 || 6,656,255,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/16 A/C.5/74/16] || 6,578,553,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/18 A/C.5/74/18] || [https://www.undocs.org/A/C.5/75/21 A/C.5/75/21] || 6,822,035,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/717 A/76/717]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID mandate ended 31 December 2020
|-
| 2019/20 || 6,638,042,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/20 A/C.5/73/20] || 6,518,855,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/21 A/C.5/73/21] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/74/15 A/C.5/74/15] || 6,810,544,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/75/786 A/75/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUJUSTH closed 15 October 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/s/res/2466(2019) S/RES/2466 (2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[commitment authority|CA]] during period: MINUJUSTH 6-month and UNAMID 6+3-month related to downsizing; MONUSCO approved 28 April 2020 
|-
| 2018/19 || 7,269,855,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/23 A/C.5/72/23] || 6,690,542,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/25 A/C.5/72/25] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/73/19 A/C.5/73/19] || 7,157,808,800 &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/74/736 A/74/736]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 
|-
| 2017/18 || 7,972,781,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/21 A/C.5/71/21] || 6,803,236,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/24 A/C.5/71/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/72/21 A/C.5/72/21] || 7,496,329,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/776 A/73/776]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSTAH closed and MINUJUSTH established in October 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2350 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINUSMA support to the G5 Sahel in December 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2391 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMIL closed in March 2018
|-
| 2016/17 || 8,253,409,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/22 A/C.5/70/22] || 7,874,053,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/24 A/C.5/70/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/71/18 A/C.5/71/18] || 7,909,021,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/72/770 A/72/770]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID drawdown begins in June 2017&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2363 (2017)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOCI closed in June 2017
|-
| 2015/16 || 8,496,397,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/21 A/C.5/69/21] || 8,275,565,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/24 A/C.5/69/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/70/21 A/C.5/70/21] || 8,301,143,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/71/809 A/71/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSOA replaced with UNSOS in November 2015&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2245 (2015)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014/15 || 7,428,062,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/23 A/C.5/68/23] || 7,061,035,580 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/26 A/C.5/68/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/69/17 A/C.5/69/17] || 8,275,565,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/70/749 A/70/749]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2013/14 || 7,218,402,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/17 A/C.5/67/17] || 7,543,047,300 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/19 A/C.5/67/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/68/21 A/C.5/68/21] || 7,839,650,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/69/751/Rev.1 A/69/751/Rev.1]&lt;/ref&gt; || MINUSCA established in April 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2149 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISS mandate expansion in May 2014&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2155 (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012/13 || 7,410,524,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/15 A/C.5/66/15] || 7,326,728,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/18 A/C.5/66/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/67/16 A/C.5/67/16] || 7,383,669,700&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/68/731 A/68/731]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNSMIS closed in August 2012; UNMIT closed in December 2012; MINUSMA established in April 2013&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2100 (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011/12 || 7,600,439,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/17 A/C.5/65/17] || 7,060,322,827 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/19 A/C.5/65/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/66/14 A/C.5/66/14] || 7,870,279,300&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/67/723 A/67/723]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS closed in July 2011; UNMISS established in July 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1996 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSMIS established in April 2012&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/2043 (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010/11 || 6,987,237,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/17 A/C.5/64/17] || 7,264,350,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/19 A/C.5/64/19] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/65/15 A/C.5/65/15] || 7,512,796,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/66/679 A/66/679]&lt;/ref&gt; || MONUC renamed MONUSCO in July 2010&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1925 (2010)&lt;/ref&gt;; MINURCAT closed in December 2010; UNISFA established in June 2011&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1990 (2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009/10 || 8,180,297,800 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/24 A/C.5/63/24] || 7,769,979,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/26 A/C.5/63/26] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/64/15 A/C.5/64/15] || 7,990,920,000&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/65/715 A/65/715]&lt;/ref&gt; || 
|-
| 2008/09 || 7,376,102,600 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/28 A/C.5/62/28] || 7,093,389,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/31 A/C.5/62/31] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/63/23 A/C.5/63/23] || 7,310,003,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/64/643 A/64/643]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMEE closed in July 2008; UNMIK handed over rule of law activities in November 2008&lt;ref&gt;S/PRST/2008/44&lt;/ref&gt;; UNSOA established in January 2009&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1863 (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNOMIG closed June 2009
|-
| 2007/08 || 5,348,059,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,288,708,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/24 A/C.5/61/24] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/62/23 A/C.5/62/23] || 6,778,442,500&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/63/696 A/63/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMID established in July 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1769 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;, absorbing LSP and HSP; MINURCAT established in September 2007&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1778 (2007)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006/07 || 4,768,987,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/30 A/C.5/60/30] || 4,747,282,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/32 A/C.5/60/32] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/61/22 A/C.5/61/22] || 5,407,133,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/62/727 A/62/727]&lt;/ref&gt; || ONUB closed in December 2006; AMIS light support package (LSP) began deployment in November 2006&lt;ref&gt;A/61/598&lt;/ref&gt; and heavy support package (HSP) began deployment in April 2007&lt;ref&gt;A/61/852/Add.13&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005/06 || 3,555,741,900 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/29 A/C.5/59/29] || 3,521,456,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/34 A/C.5/59/34] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/60/27 A/C.5/60/27] || 5,025,238,400&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/61/786 A/61/786]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNAMSIL closed in December 2005
|-
| 2004/05 || 2,655,696,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/36 A/C.5/58/36] || 3,878,821,200 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18 A/C.5/59/18] || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1 A/C.5/59/18/Rev.1] || 4,369,829,600&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/696 A/60/696]&lt;/ref&gt; || UNMIS established in March 2005&lt;ref&gt;S/RES/1590 (2005)&lt;/ref&gt;; UNMISET closed in May 2005
|-
| 2003/04 || 2,304,623,700 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34 A/C.5/57/34] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/34/rev.1 Rev.1] ||  ||  || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/58/35 A/C.5/58/35] || 2,824,229,300 || 
|-
| 2002/03 ||  ||  || 2,756,779,689 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/57/22 A/C.5/57/22] || || 2,606,468,900&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/58/705 A/58/705]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2001/02 ||  ||  || 2,774,395,450 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1 A/C.5/56/36/Rev.1] || || 2,773,254,200&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/9A/57/723 9A/57/723]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  
|-
| 2000/01 || 2,072,526,000 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/61 A/C.5/54/61] || 2,631,589,019 || [https://undocs.org/a/c.5/55/48 A/C.5/55/48] || || 2,631,589,019 ||  
|-
| 1999/00 || 644,199,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/60 A/C.5/53/60]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/54/48 A/C.5/54/48] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1998/99 || 825,957,500 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/52 A/C.5/52/52]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/53/50 A/C.5/53/50] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1997/98 || 875,567,400 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/48 A/C.5/51/48]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44 A/C.5/52/44] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/52/44/CORR.1 Corr.1] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|-
| 1996/97 || 1,295,203,100 || [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/50/63 A/C.5/50/63]&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/C.5/51/45 A/C.5/51/45] ||  ||  || ||  ||  
|}

== See also ==
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing resolutions]]
* [[Overview report]]
* [[Programmatic activities]]
* [[Estimates in respect of special political missions]]

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]] [[Category:Intergovernmental process]]</text>
    <sha1>1bfee658be070cfbaa320eb3a37b206abefb50d4</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20250201205731|1056">
  <title>Composition of the Secretariat</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>155</id>
  <revision>
    <id>1060</id>
    <parentid>1004</parentid>
    <timestamp>2025-03-09T17:12:19Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Secretary-General reports */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2879" xml:space="preserve">The General Assembly requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual report on the '''composition of the Secretariat''', which is considered by the [[Fifth Committee]] every year under the human resources management agenda item. During odd-numbered sessions of the General Assembly, an addendum covering [[categories of personnel|gratis personnel, retirees and consultants]] is also submitted.

The reports provide statistics on staff composition broken down by gender, grade, Secretariat entity and age, as well as statistics related to geographical representation and the [[system of desirable ranges]]. 

== Secretary-General reports ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Staff demographics !! Gratis personnel, retirees, consultants and ICs, and UNVs !! Notes
|-
| 2023 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/584 A/79/584] || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/581 A/79/581] ||
|-
| 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/78/569 A/78/569] || ||
|-
| 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/580 A/77/580] || [https://undocs.org/A/77/578 A/77/578] || 
|-
| 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/570 A/76/570] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/570/CORR.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591 A/75/591] || [https://undocs.org/A/75/591/Add.1 A/75/591/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/82 A/74/82] || ||
|-
| 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79 A/73/79] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/79/add.1 A/73/79/Add.1] || 
|-
| 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/123 A/72/123] || || Switch to calendar year reporting
|-
| 2015/16 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360 A/71/360] || [https://undocs.org/A/71/360/add.1 A/71/360/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2014/15 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/764 A/70/764] || ||
|-
| 2013/14 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292 A/69/292] || [https://undocs.org/A/69/292/add.1 A/69/292/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2012/13 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/356 A/68/356] || ||
|-
| 2011/12 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329 A/67/329] || [https://undocs.org/A/67/329/add.1 A/67/329/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2010/11 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/347 A/66/347] || ||
|-
| 2009/10 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350 A/65/350] || [https://undocs.org/A/65/350/add.1 A/65/350/Add.1] ||
|-
| 2008/09 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/352 A/64/352] || ||
|-
| 2007/08 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/310 A/63/310] || ||
|-
| 2006/07 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/315 A/62/315] || ||
|-
| 2005/06 || [https://undocs.org/A/61/257 A/61/257] and [https://undocs.org/A/61/257/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|-
| 2004/05 || [https://undocs.org/A/60/310 A/60/310] || ||
|-
| 2003/04 || [https://undocs.org/A/59/299 A/59/299] || ||
|-
| 2002/03 || [https://undocs.org/A/58/666 A/58/666] || ||
|- 
| 2001/02 || [https://undocs.org/A/57/414 A/57/414] || ||
|-
| 2000/01 || [https://undocs.org/A/56/512 A/56/512] and [https://undocs.org/A/56/512/corr.1 Corr.1] || ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Categories of personnel]]
* [[United Nations staff]]

[[Category:Personnel]]</text>
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  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="20250201205731|1056">
  <title>Financial situation of the United Nations</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>73</id>
  <revision>
    <id>1061</id>
    <parentid>1014</parentid>
    <timestamp>2025-03-11T16:58:17Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Telegramwriter</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* General Assembly resolutions */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="20382" xml:space="preserve">The Secretary-General reports on the '''financial situation of the United Nations''' twice a year under the agenda item "Improving the financial situation of the United Nations". 

== General Assembly resolutions ==
The General Assembly has adopted resolutions on several occasions in response to challenges experienced with the financing situation of the United Nations, titled either '''Improving the financial situation of the Organization''' or '''Current financial crisis and financial emergency of the United Nations'''. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! General Assembly resolution !! Date !! ACABQ report !! SG report !! notes
|-
|  ||  || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/803 A/79/803] || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/734 A/79/734] || ACABQ report annex has a historical summary of proposals to address previous financial situations and related decisions of the General Assembly
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/272 76/272] || 29 June 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/7/ADD.29 A/76/7/Add.29] || [https://undocs.org/A/76/429 A/76/429] || Proposed further measures to deal with continuing liquidity challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/307 73/307] || 3 July 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/891 A/73/891] || [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809] || Proposed measures under the programme and peacekeeping budgets to address worsening liquidity challenges in the Secretariat
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/220 48/220] || 23 December 1993 || || [https://undocs.org/A/48/503 A/48/503] and [https://undocs.org/A/48/503/Add.1 Add.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/48/565 A/48/565] and [https://undocs.org/A/48/565/Corr.1 Corr.1] || Consideration of the report of the Independent Advisory Group on United Nations Financing
|- 
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/47/215 47/215] || 23 December 1992 || [https://undocs.org/A/46/765 A/46/765] and [https://undocs.org/A/47/565 A/47/565] || [https://undocs.org/A/46/600 A/46/600], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.1 Add.1], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.2 Add.2], [https://undocs.org/A/46/600/Add.3 Add.3], and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/47/13 A/C.5/47.13] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/45/236 45/236 A and B] || 21 December 1990 || [https://undocs.org/A/45/860 A/45/860] || [https://undocs.org/A/45/830 A/45/830] and [https://undocs.org/A/C.5/45/17 A/C.5/45/17] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/44/195 44/195 A and B] || 21 December 1989 || [https://undocs.org/A/44/873 A/44/873] || [https://undocs.org/A/44/857 A/44/857] and [https://undocs.org/A/44/857/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/43/215 43/215] || 21 December 1988 || || [https://undocs.org/A/43/932 A/43/932] ||
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/42/212 42/212] || 21 December 1987 || [https://undocs.org/A/42/861 A/42/861] || [https://undocs.org/A/42/841 A/42/841] ||
|}

== Reports and presentations ==

The [[Fifth Committee]] considers the regular reports of the Secretary-General and receives closed briefings from the Secretariat on the status of contributions under the [[scale of assessments|regular budget]] and [[peacekeeping scale of assessments|peacekeeping budgets]] and the cash flow situation of the Secretariat. This biannual briefing takes place early in the main and second resumed sessions. The briefing is followed one week later by general discussion during which delegations have the opportunity to make statements on the financial situation. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Secretary-General's report !! Briefing to the Fifth Committee
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/78/524/Add.1 A/78/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 10 May 2024 [https://estatements.unmeetings.org/estatements/11.0050/20240510150000000/6dPT39H2kHhh/yT46f83MM6dg_en.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/78/524 A/78/524] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 9 October 2023 [https://estatements.unmeetings.org/estatements/11.0050/20231009100000000/LtH1mQEfTYoc/AG0Moye2JGq9_en.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530/Add.1 A/77/530/Add.1] || Briefing by the ASG Controller, 4 May 2023 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_2r_ST_2023_05_04_140_Financial_situation_ASG_Controller.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/77/530 A/77/530] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 13 October 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/77/statements/140_Financial_situation/C5_77_0m_ST_2022_10_13_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC_.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435/ADD.1 A/76/435/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 5 May 2022 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_Fin_Sit/C5_76_2r_ST_2022_05_05_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/435 A/76/435] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 19 October 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/76/statements/140_UN_Fin_situation/C5_76_0m_ST_2021_10_19_140_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387/Add.1 A/75/387/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2021 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_2r_ST_2021_05_07_Item_143_Financial_situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/75/387 A/75/387] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 8 October 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/75/statements/143_Fin_Sit/C5_75_0m_ST_2020_10_08_Item_143_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501/Add.1 A/74/501/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2020 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_2r_ST_2020_05_07_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC_Rev.1.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/501 A/74/501] || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 11 October 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/74/statements/137.%20Financial%20situation/C5_74_0m_ST_2019_10_11_Item_137_Financial_Situation_USG_DMSPC.pdf Statement and presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/73/443/Add.1 A/73/443/Add.1]&lt;ref&gt;See also [https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]&lt;/ref&gt; || Briefing by the USG DMSPC, 7 May 2019 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/fifth/73/statements/138.%20Financial%20Situation/C5_73_2r_ST_2019_05_07_Item_138_Financial%20Situation_USG%20DMSPC.pdf Statement and Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/443 A/73/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522/add.1 A/72/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 May 2018: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202018.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202018.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/522 A/72/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/presentationoct2017.pps Presentation] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Addendum%20October%202017.pdf Addendum]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440/add.1 A/71/440/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 3 May 2017: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202017.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202017.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/71/440 A/71/440] || Briefing by the Controller, 5 October 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443/add.1 A/70/443/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 4 May 2016: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202016.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2016.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/70/443 A/70/443] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 October 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1 A/69/520/Add.1] and [https://undocs.org/a/69/520/add.1/corr.1 Corr.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2015: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202015.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2015.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/520 A/69/520] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524/add.1 A/68/524/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 6 May 2014: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202014.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2014.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/524 A/68/524] || Briefing by the USG DM, 9 October 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522/Add.1 A/67/522/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 10 May 2013: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202013.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2013.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/522 A/67/522] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521/add.1 A/66/521/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 14 May 2012: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202012.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2012.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/521 A/66/521] || Briefing by the USG DM, 11 October 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519/add.1 A/65/519/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 May 2011: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202011.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202011.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/519 A/65/519] || Briefing by the USG DM, 12 October 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20October%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497/add.1 A/65/497/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 7 May 2010: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Statement%20May%202010.pdf Statement] [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%202010.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/497 A/64/497] || Briefing by the USG DM, 16 October 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514/add.1 A/63/514/Add.1] || Briefing by the USG DM, 15 May 2009: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20May%2009.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/514 A/63/514] || Briefing by the USG DM, 27 October 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation%20Oct%2008.pps Presentation]
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/62/539/add.1 A/62/539/Add.1] || Briefing by the Controller, 9 May 2008: [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/Presentation.pps Presentation]
|}

== History ==
In 1946, the General Assembly established a [[working capital fund]] as a mechanism to provide a cash reserve to tide the Organization over temporary periods of cash shortage pending the receipt of assessed contributions.

However, available mechanisms such as the working capital fund have not always been sufficient to meet liquidity requirements of the Secretariat. As such, exceptional measures have on a number of occasions had to be taken to address cash shortfalls resulting from unpaid assessments. Some of the most notable instances are described below. 

=== 1960s ===
Disagreements over the legal obligation to [[peacekeeping financing|finance peacekeeping]] missions prompted the General Assembly take a number of measures, including:
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/A/RES/1731(XVI) resolution 1731 (XVI)] requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the interpretation of Article 17 of the United Nations Charter (see [https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/49/summaries Certain Expenses of the United Nations]); 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2006(XIX) resolution 2006(XIX)] establishing the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations#Financial crisis|Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]], with a mandate "to undertake as soon as possible a comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects, including ways of overcoming the present financial difficulties of the Organization"&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/5916 A/5961] Second report of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations; reached consensus "that the financial difficulties of the Organization should be resolved through voluntary contributions by Member States, with the highly-developed countries making substantial contributions".&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2049(xx) resolution 2049(XX)] establishing the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/6343 A/6343] Second report of the ''Ad Hoc'' Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies&lt;/ref&gt;; and 
* Creation of a [[special account]] to record voluntary contributions pursuant to paragraph 4 of [https://undocs.org/a/res/2053(XX) resolution 2053A (XX)]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.1331 A/PV.1331] General Assembly, 1331st meeting (19th Session), 1 September 1965, 3 PM&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 1970s ===
By 1970, a dire cash liquidity situation prompted the General Assembly to take further measures, including:
* Initiative of the President of the General Assembly for the 25th session to convene informal discussions with the four major contributors&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/8497 A/8497 Letter dated 10 December 1971 from the Permanent Representative of Norway addressed to the Secretary-General]&lt;/ref&gt;;
* Establishment of a Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/pv.2031 A/PV/2031] General Assembly, 2031st meeting (26th Session), 22 December 1971, 10:30 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, as proposed by the President of the General Assembly for the 26th session&lt;ref&gt;A/8635 Note by the President of the General Assembly (18 December 1971)&lt;/ref&gt;; 
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3049(XXVII) resolution 3049A (XXVII)] establishing a [[special account]]—to be merged with the special account previously established—to address, through voluntary contributions, past financial difficulties and the short-term deficit, on the basis ofthe report of the Special Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/8729(SUPP) A/8729] Report of the Special Committee on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;; and
* Adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/3538(xxx) 3538(XXX)] establishing the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/31/37 A/31/37] Report of the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United Nations; this Committee was established in response to the statement of the Secretary-General to the Fifth Committee on 25 September 1975 (A/C.5/1685) and it considered the report of the Secretary-General on financial problems of the United Nations (A/C.5/1730).&lt;/ref&gt;, which was unable to reach agreement on any recommendations&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/32/104 resolution 32/104]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1980s ===
In the 1980s, the United States, under the Reagan Administration, began the practice of "deferred payment" in which the contributions for a particular calendar year would be met by funds requested for following fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the adoption of U.S. legislation popularly known as the Kassebaum-Solomon Amendment in the mid-1980s required the reduction of the United States contribution to the [[programme budget|regular budget]] to be reduced to 20 per cent unless major financial contributors such as the United States were afforded a greater say in the budget process. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33848.html United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress] (Congressional Research Service report)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The Secretary-General adopted a number of measures to address the expected cash shortfall, including a hiring freeze&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/215 ST/SGB/215], [http://undocs.org/st/sgb/217 ST/SGB/217] and [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/222 ST/SGB/222] The Financial Situation of the Organization; see also [https://undocs.ort/st/ic/86/17 ST/IC/86/17]&lt;/ref&gt;;
In parallel, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/40/237 resolution 40/237] of 18 December 1985 establishing the Group of High-Level Intergovernmental Experts (popularly known as the Group of 18), which issued a report ([https://undocs.org/a/41/49(supp) A/41/49]) which led to the adoption of [https://undocs.org/a/res/41/213 resolution 41/213]&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/40/PV.121 A/40/PV.121] General Assembly, 40th session, 121st meeting, Wednesday 18 December 1986, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, which in turn led to the introduction of [[consensus]]-based decision-making in the Fifth Committee&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly resolution [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 49/143]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== 1990s ===
In the mid-1990s, late payment of assessments and the imposition of a 25% cap by Congress in 1994 on U.S. contributions to peacekeeping operations&lt;ref&gt;Section 404 of P.L. 103-236&lt;/ref&gt;  contributed to a precarious financial situation, with $3.7 billion in unpaid assessments in 1994. This prompted the Secretary-General to take a number of unilateral measures, including another hiring freeze, suspension of new consultancies, and limitations to overtime and travel&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/st/sgb/278 ST/SGB/278] The Financial Situation of the Organization&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Following an appeal by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/49/pv.28 A/49/PV.28] General Assembly, 49th Session, 28th Meeting: Wednesday, 12 October 1994, 10 AM&lt;/ref&gt;, the General Assembly adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/143 resolution 49/143] establishing a High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;ref&gt;[http://undocs.org/A/50/43(supp) A/50/43] and [https://undocs.org/A/51/43(supp) A/51/43] Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations&lt;/ref&gt;. The General Assembly also adopted [https://undocs.org/a/res/49/233 resolution 49/233] on 23 December 1994 which, inter alia, changed the process for consideration of [[peacekeeping financing|peacekeeping budgets]] and established the current 1 July-30 June peacekeeping financial period.

=== 2010s ===
In the late 2010s, deepening liquidity problems and cash constraints prompted the Secretary-General to submit proposals to the General Assembly to address the challenges faced in both the regular and peacekeeping budgets in an additional report on the financial situation ([https://undocs.org/A/73/809 A/73/809]). The General Assembly adopted a number of the peacekeeping-related proposals in its [https://undocs.org/a/res/73/307 resolution 73/307].

== See also ==
* [[Article 19]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Programme budget]]
* [[Scale of assessments]]
* [[Peacekeeping scale of assessments]]
* [https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/financial.shtml Financial Situation of the United Nations] (from Committee on Contributions website)

== References ==

[[Category:Budget]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20250201205731|1056">
  <title>Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="4328" xml:space="preserve">The '''Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti''' '''(MSS)''' was authorized by the Security Council in resolution [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2699(2023) 2699] of 2 October 2023.

The mission is mandated "to support the efforts of the Haitian National Police to re-establish security in Haiti and build security conditions conducive to holding free and fair elections" by
* Providing operational support to the Haitian National Police, including building its capacity through the planning and conduct of joint security support operations, and
* Providing support for the provision of security for critical infrastructure sites and transit locations.

Although authorized by the Security Council, the MSS is not a UN peace operation and is not financed through UN assessed contributions. A UN trust fund was established to facilitate voluntary contributions to enable and operationalize the MSS mandate.&lt;ref&gt;Security Council resolution 2699 (2023), paragraph 16&lt;/ref&gt; The UN is authorized to provide logistical support packages to the MSS subject to full financial reimbursement.&lt;ref&gt;Security Council resolution 2699 (2023), paragraph 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Key documents ==

* Letter dated 24 February 2025 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council ([https://undocs.org/en/S/2025/122 S/2025/122]) on options for the possible role of the UN
* Letter dated 22 October 2024 from the Permanent Representative of Haiti to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council ([https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/765 S/2024/765]) requesting the transformation of the MSS into a UN peacekeeping operation

== Security Council resolutions ==
The Security Council has adopted several resolutions on the MSS mandate, as follows:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Resolution !! Date !! Notes 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2699(2023) 2699 (2023)] || 02 October 2023 || Established the MSS for an initial period of 1 year
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2751(2024) 2751 (2024)] || 30 September 2024 || Extended the mandate of the MSS to 02 October 2025
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/868 S/2024/868] || 29 November 2024 || Requested the development of options for the possible role of the UN
|}

== Pledges ==
The following member states have pledged personnel and capabilities to the MSS:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Member State !! Date !! Letter !! Contribution 
|-
| Chad || 03 October 2023 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Expressed readiness to contribute troops and formed police units (no specifics)
|-
| Bangladesh || 10 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged personnel (no specifics)
|-
| Barbados || 24 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged to provide security personnel (no specifics) and in-kind support in the form of training and capacity-building
|-
| Bahamas, The || 26 January 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/263 S/2024/263] || Pledged 150 law enforcement personnel for joint operations and capacity building, as well as maritime, waterside and port security
|-
| Benin || 28 February 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/224 S/2024/224] || Pledged 1,500 troops, with the possibility of increasing the number to 2,000
|-
| Jamaica || 05 March 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/262 S/2024/262] || Pledged 170 members of the Jamaica Defense Force and 30 members of the Jamaica Constabulary Force
|-
| Kenya || 11 March 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/262 S/2024/262] || Pledged to contribute personnel and leadership (no specifics)
|- 
| Belize || 01 May 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/393 S/2024/393] || Pledged 50 military personnel from the Belize Defense Force and Belize Coast Guard
|-
| Guatemala || 24 June 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/535 S/2024/535] || Pledged one military police company and the use of the Regional Peace Operations Training Centre
|-
| El Salvador || 13 August 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/678 S/2024/678] || Pledged 3 helicopters and 78 troops for medical evacuation (medevac) operations
|-
| Bahamas || 13 December 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/S/2025/42 S/2025/42] || Pledged 1 offshore patrol vehicle, 2 rigid hull inflatable boats, contingent of 60 personnel
|}

== References ==

[[Category:Missions]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="20250201205731|1056">
  <title>Peacebuilding</title>
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    <text bytes="16553" xml:space="preserve">'''Peacebuilding''' and '''sustaining peace''' encompass activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict.

== History ==
In his 1992 report on [[Agenda for Peace]], Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali defined peacebuilding as action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/47/277 A/47/277] An Agenda for Peace: Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping (paragraph 21)&lt;/ref&gt;. The Security Council, in its [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2001/5 presidential statement of 20 February 2001], stated:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Security Council recognizes that peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long-term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights
and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In 2005, the Secretary-General proposed the establishment of an intergovernmental Peacebuilding Commission and a Peacebuilding Support Office within the United Nations Secretariat&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 A/59/2005] In Larger Freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all (paragraph 114)&lt;/ref&gt;; the General Assembly agreed to both proposals in the 2005 World Summit Outcome, as adopted in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 resolution 60/1] of 16 September 2005. The Peacebuilding Commission was formally established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1645(2005) resolution 1645 (2005)] of 20 December 2005. The Peacebuilding Fund was subsequently established through the adoption of General Assembly [https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/287 resolution 60/287] on the basis of arrangements proposed by the Secretary-General in his report [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984].

This [[Review of the peacebuilding architecture|peacebuilding architecture is reviewed]] by the General Assembly and Security Council every five years.

== Peacebuilding Commission ==
The main purposes of the '''Peacebuilding Commission''' (PBC) are:

:(a) To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on and propose integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
:(b) To focus attention on the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for recovery from conflict and to support the development of integrated strategies in order to lay the foundation for sustainable development;
:(c) To provide recommendations and information to improve the coordination of all relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, to develop best practices, to help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of attention given by the international community to post-conflict recovery; &lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 2&lt;/ref&gt;

The Organizational Committee of the PBC consists of 31 members, as follows:
: (a) Seven members of the Security Council, including permanent members, selected according to rules and procedures decided by the Council;
: (b) Seven members of the Economic and Social Council, elected from regional groups according to rules and procedures decided by the Council and giving due consideration to those countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery;
: (c) Five top providers of assessed contributions to United Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including the standing peacebuilding fund…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (d) Five top providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions…selected by and among the ten top providers, giving due consideration to the size of their contributions…;
: (e) Giving due consideration to representation from all regional groups in the overall composition of the Committee and to representation from countries that have experienced post-conflict recovery, seven additional members shall be elected according to rules and procedures decided by the General Assembly;&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 resolution 60/180] and Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) resolution 1645(2005)], paragraph 4&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commission takes decisions on the basis of consensus. 

== Peacebuilding Fund ==
The '''Peacebuilding Fund''' (PBF) is a global fund designed to support several country situations simultaneously and therefore combines the scope of a global fund with the country-specific focus of a multi-donor trust fund. Its basic architecture is based upon a two-tier decision-making process, involving a central allocation of funding to the countries eligible for Peacebuilding Fund support and, at the country level, a joint review by the Government and the ranking United Nations representative in the country to disburse funds against agreed-upon programme and project activities. &lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] Arrangements for establishing the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Financing of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The General Assembly originally specified that the Peacebuilding Fund was to be financed entirely through voluntary contributions. In 2018, the Secretary-General called for Member States to provide the Fund with an additional amount of either $100 million or a symbolic amount equivalent to 1% of approved resources for peacekeeping operations on an annual basis in order to improve the predictability and sustainability of available resources. A detailed proposal for operationalizing this request was submitted to the General Assembly in 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] Investing in prevention and peacebuilding: Report of the Secretary-General&lt;/ref&gt;.

On 22 December 2023, the General Assembly established a Peacebuilding Account through which to provide $50 million in assessed contributions on an annual basis to the Peacebuilding Fund. The assembly decided that half of the amount would be assessed under the [[scale of assessments]] for the regular budget and half under the [[peacekeeping scale of assessments]].

=== Terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund were originally issued as an annex to [https://undocs.org/A/60/984 A/60/984] and were subsequently revised as reflected in the annex to [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818].

Revised terms of reference, as requested in General Assembly [https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/78/257 resolution 78/257], were issued as [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/541 A/79/541].

=== Reports on the Peacebuilding Fund ===

The Secretary-General submits to the General Assembly an annual report on the operation and activities of the Fund pursuant to [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 resolution 63/282]. In addition, the UNDP Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office—the administrative agent for the Peacebuilding Fund&lt;ref&gt;[https://mptf.undp.org/document/download/22589 Revised memorandum of understanding between the UN and UNDP regarding the operational aspects of the Peacebuilding Fund], signed 15 December 2016&lt;/ref&gt;—issues an annual financial report for the Fund. ''Note (22 Aug 2024): the MPTFO report links have been removed because they are not stable; links to old reports were broken after an update tot he website.'' 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Period ending !! SG report !! Notes
|-
| 31 December 2024 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/79/790 A/79/790] ||
|-
| 31 December 2023 || [https://undocs.org/en/A/78/779 A/78/779] ||
|-
| 31 December 2022 || [https://undocs.org/A/77/756 A/77/756] || 
|-
| 31 December 2021 || [https://undocs.org/A/76/687 A/76/687] ||
|- 
| 31 December 2020 || [https://undocs.org/A/75/735 A/75/735] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2019 || [https://undocs.org/A/74/688 A/74/688] || 
|-
| 31 December 2018 || [https://undocs.org/A/73/829 A/73/829] || 
|-
| 31 December 2017 || [https://undocs.org/A/72/740 A/72/740] || 
|-
| 31 December 2016 || [https://undocs.org/A/71/792 A/71/792] || 
|-
| 31 December 2015 || [https://undocs.org/A/70/715 A/70/715] || 
|-
| 31 December 2014 || [https://undocs.org/A/69/745 A/69/745] || 
|-
| 31 December 2013 || [https://undocs.org/A/68/722 A/68/722] ||  
|-
| 31 December 2012 || [https://undocs.org/A/67/711 A/67/711] || 
|-
| 31 December 2011 || [https://undocs.org/A/66/659 A/66/659] || SG report switched to calendar-year reporting to align with PBC annual report
|-
| 30 June 2010 || [https://undocs.org/A/65/353 A/65/353] ||  
|-
| 30 June 2009 || [https://undocs.org/A/64/217 A/64/217–S/2009/419] || 
|-
| 30 June 2008 || [https://undocs.org/A/63/218 A/63/218–S/2008/522] and [https://undocs.org/A/63/218/Corr.1 Corr.1] || 
|-
| 30 June 2007 || [https://undocs.org/A/62/138 A/62/138] || 
|}

== Peacebuilding Support Office ==
The '''Peacebuilding Support Office''' (PBSO) was established to support the Peacebuilding Commission and to manage the Peacebuilding Fund. It is headed by an Assistant Secretary-General. Selection for the Assistant Secretary-General is governed by General Assembly [https://undocs.org/a/res/62/236 resolution 62/236]:

&lt;blockquote&gt;69. Decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall be appointed by the Secretary-General following consultations with Member States, that for this purpose the Secretary-General shall appoint the Assistant Secretary-General with due regard for geographical rotation and that in so doing he shall be guided by the provisions of paragraph 3 (e) of General Assembly resolution 46/232 of 2 March 1992, in which the Assembly decided, in particular, that, as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of that State in a senior post and that there should be no monopoly on senior posts by nationals of any State or group of States;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 70. Also decides that the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support shall serve for one fixed term of five years without possibility of renewal; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Although the PBSO was established as a standalone office, as part of the [[restructuring of the peace and security pillar]], PBSO was merged with the former [[Department of Political Affairs]] in the new [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] (DPPA) on 1 January 2019. 

== Relevant documents ==
=== Key legislative actions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Documents  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/A/78/870 A/78/870–S/2024/339] (TORs)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/79/609 A/79/609–S/2024/827] (PBC chair letter)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/79/634 A/79/634-S/2024/869] (IEP letter) || || || 2025 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668] and [https://undocs.org/A/76/668/Corr.1 Corr.1]; [https://undocs.org/A/76/732 A/76/732] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/76/305 76/305] ||  || Financing for peacebuilding (follow-up to April 2022 high-level meeting)
|-
| [https://undocs.org/en/A/74/523 A/74/523–S/2019/857] (process)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/a/74/935 A/74/935–S/2020/645] (PBC chair letter)&lt;br /&gt;[https://undocs.org/en/A/74/944 A/74/944–S/2020/678] (IEP letter)|| [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || 2020 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/968 A/69/968-S/2015/490] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/70/262 70/262] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2282(2016) 2282 (2016)] || 2015 peacebuilding architecture review; &lt;br /&gt;GA and SC resolutions regularly referred to as the "twin" resolutions
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/868 A/64/868-S/2010/393] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/65/7 65/7] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1947(2010) 1947 (2010)] || 2010 peacebuilding architecture review
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/63/818 A/63/818] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/63/282 63/282] || || Took note of revised terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/60/984 A/60/984] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/287 60/287] || || Took note of the proposed terms of reference of the Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005/add.2 A/59/2005/Add.2] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/180 60/180] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/1645(2005) 1645 (2005)] || Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission; reaffirmed decision to establish Peacebuilding Fund
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/59/2005 A/59/2005] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/60/1 60/1] || || 2005 World Summit outcome; Established PBC and PBSO
|}

=== Reports on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! General Assembly resolution !! Security Council resolution !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/76/668 A/76/668–S/2022/66] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/A/74/976 A/74/976–S/2020/773] || [https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/201 75/201] || [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2558(2020) 2558 (2020)] || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/73/890 A/73/890-S/2019/448] || || || Peacebuilding and sustaining peace
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/72/707 A/72/707-S/2018/43] || [https://undocs.org/a/res/72/276 72/276] || [https://undocs.org/s/res/2413(2018) 2413 (2018)] || First report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace; &lt;br /&gt;contained options on increasing financing for peacebuilding
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/69/399 A/69/399-S/2014/694] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/499 A/67/499-S/2012/746] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/65/354 A/65/354-S/2019/466] || || || Peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/64/866 A/64/866-S/2010/386] || || || Progress report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/63/881 A/63/881-S/2009/304] || || || First report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict
|}

=== Other documents ===
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2017/27 S/PRST/2017/27] of 21 December 2017 on peacekeeping and sustaining peace
* [https://undocs.org/S/PRST/2018/20 S/PRST/2018/20] of 18 December 2018 on the Peacebuilding Commission

=== Civilian capacity review === 
In the 2009 report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict, the Secretary-General called for an analysis of how the United Nations could better support national institution-building in the aftermath of conflict. A senior advisory group, chaired by former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno, presented a number of recommendations in its report on civilian capacity in the aftermath of conflict [https://undocs.org/A/65/747 A/65/747-S/2011/85].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Report  !! [[ACABQ]] report !! General Assembly resolution&lt;ref&gt;This only refers to standalone resolutions; the [[Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations]] also considered the civilian capacity review reports.&lt;/ref&gt; !! Notes
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/68/696 A/68/696-S/2014/5] and [https://undocs.org/a/68/696/corr.1 Corr.1] || [https://undocs.org/a/68/784 A/68/784] || || Consideration deferred to 69th session in decision 68/549C; not subsequently taken up 
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/67/312 A/67/312-S/2012/645] || [https://undocs.org/a/67/583 A/67/583] || || Consideration deferred to 68th session in decision 67/552C
|-
| [https://undocs.org/a/66/311 A/66/311-S/2011/527] || || [https://undocs.org/a/res/66/255 66/255] || 
|}

== See also ==
* [[Agenda for Peace]]
* [[Brahimi report]]
* [[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]
* [[Review of the peacebuilding architecture]]

== References ==

[[category: Doctrine]] [[Category: Mandated tasks]] [[category: Organization]]</text>
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